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Wang N, Wang J, Huang X, Wang T, Li X, Yang J, Bao Y, Yin Q, Hao H. A selective cocrystallization separation method based on non-covalent interactions and its application. CrystEngComm 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0ce01799j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A selective cocrystallization technology based on non-covalent interactions between the target compound and cocrystal conformers was developed to effectively separate isomer mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
| | - Jingkang Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
| | - Xin Huang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
| | - Ting Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
| | - Xin Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
| | - Jinyue Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
| | - Ying Bao
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
| | - Qiuxiang Yin
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
| | - Hongxun Hao
- National Engineering Research Center of Industrial Crystallization Technology
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
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2
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Morbioli GG, Mazzu-Nascimento T, Aquino A, Cervantes C, Carrilho E. Recombinant drugs-on-a-chip: The usage of capillary electrophoresis and trends in miniaturized systems – A review. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 935:44-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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3
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Alhusban AA, Breadmore MC, Guijt RM. Capillary electrophoresis for monitoring bioprocesses. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:1465-82. [PMID: 23657993 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201200646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Chemical characterization and monitoring of fermentation broths and cell culture media provide significant information on the changes occurring within these complex and dynamic systems. Analytical methods based on CE in capillaries and microchips are attractive for integration in instrumental tools to obtain this critical data, improving the understanding and control of bioprocesses. In this review, the use of CE for chemical characterization and monitoring fermentations is discussed, organized by analyte class, including organic acids, pharmaceuticals, proteins, sugars, amino acids, and metabolites published between 1992 and October 2012. A section is dedicated to the roles CE plays throughout the wine making process, where applications range from characterization and increase in fundamental understanding of the fermentation to forensic applications, verifying the authenticity of the wine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ala A Alhusban
- Australian Center for Research on Separation Science, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Australia
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4
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Muskotál A, Kokol V. CE detection of N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N-carbodiimide/N-hydroxysuccinimide-coupled proteins after homo- and hetero-crosslinking reactions. Electrophoresis 2010; 31:1097-100. [PMID: 20166141 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200900525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Protein-protein conjugates formed by carbodiimide crosslinking reactions have been analyzed for the first time using CE. Lysozyme and BSA were chosen as model proteins to study the efficacy of N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N-ethylcarbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide as crosslinkers. Detection of the molecular mass increase was checked by SDS-PAGE. Commercially available, PVA-coated capillaries showed appropriate selection, while phospho-deactivated and dynamic PVA-coated capillaries did not give suitable resolution. CE was found to be an efficient tool to characterize homo- (lysozyme-lysozyme) and hetero- (lysozyme-BSA) protein coupling by suitable variations of electrophoretic mobilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adél Muskotál
- Institute of Engineering Materials and Design, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
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5
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12 CE in impurity profiling of drugs. CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS METHODS FOR PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0149-6395(07)00012-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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6
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Dribek M, Le Potier I, Rodrigues A, Pallandre A, Fattal E, Taverna M. Determination of binding constants of vasoactive intestinal peptide to poly(amidoamine) dendrimers designed for drug delivery using ACE. Electrophoresis 2007; 28:2191-200. [PMID: 17557362 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200600768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present paper was to study at physiological pH the affinity between vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and four poly(amidoamine) dendrimers (PAMAMs) designed for drug delivery. Therefore, a fast and reproducible CE method was first developed to analyze the strongly basic peptide. To allow an accurate determination of binding constant (K) values, the ability to suppress peptide adsorption onto the silica capillary of nonpermanent coatings (poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), low and medium relative molecular masses poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDDA)) or poly(acrylamide) permanent coating (PAA) was evaluated. Very good intraday repeatability of VIP migration times and peak areas (0.1-0.6 and 2.9-4.9% RSD, respectively) was obtained using two of the investigated coatings (PEO and PDDA with medium molecular mass). ACE combined with these dynamic coatings was then employed to evaluate K between VIP and two amine-terminated PAMAM dendrimers of generation 2 and 5 (G2.NH2, G5.NH2) and two carboxyl-terminated PAMAM derivatives of generation 2 and 5 (G2.COOH, G5.COOH). Binding constant of (6.7 +/- 1.1) x 10(4)/M could be determined for the couple VIP/G5.NH2, while no affinity was evidenced between VIP and all other dendrimers investigated. These results suggest that G5.NH2 might be an interesting carrier for the delivery of VIP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Dribek
- University of Paris-Sud, Group of Proteins and Nanotechnologies in Separation Sciences, Châtenay-Malabry, France
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7
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Catai JR, Sastre Toraño J, Jongen PMJM, de Jong GJ, Somsen GW. Analysis of recombinant human growth hormone by capillary electrophoresis with bilayer-coated capillaries using UV and MS detection. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2007; 852:160-6. [PMID: 17267302 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2007.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2006] [Revised: 01/05/2007] [Accepted: 01/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The characterization of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH; somatropin) by capillary electrophoresis (CE) with UV-absorbance and mass spectrometric (MS) detection using capillaries noncovalently coated with polybrene (PB) and poly(vinyl sulfonic acid) (PVS) is demonstrated. Compared with bare fused-silica capillaries, PB-PVS coated capillaries yielded more favorable migration-time reproducibilities and higher separation efficiencies. Optimal separation conditions for the bilayer-coated capillaries comprised a background electrolyte (BGE) of 400 mM Tris phosphate (pH 8.5) yielding migration-time R.S.D.s of less than 1.0% and plate numbers above 300,000 for intact rhGH. The protein was also analyzed using the CE method described in the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) monograph. The pharmacopoeial method gave much longer analysis times (22 min versus 8 min), lower resolution and plate numbers, and consecutive shifts in migration time for rhGH, indicating possible interactions between the protein and the inner capillary wall. Due to stable migration times obtained with the coated capillaries, reliable profiling and quantification of rhGH and its byproducts in time was possible. Analysis of thermally degraded rhGH revealed the formation of two main degradation products. CE-mass spectrometry (MS) of this sample, using a PB-PVS coated capillary and a BGE of 75 mM ammonium formate (pH 8.5), suggests that these products are desamido forms of rhGH. Analyses of expired rhGH preparations with CE-UV and CE-MS indicated the presence of both deamidation and oxidation products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan R Catai
- Division of Biomedical Analysis, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
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8
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Storms SM, Feltus A, Barker AR. Verification and Implementation of the Pharmeuropa Method for Somatropin Charged Variants by CZE. Chromatographia 2007. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-007-0217-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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9
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Temporini C, Perani E, Mancini F, Bartolini M, Calleri E, Lubda D, Felix G, Andrisano V, Massolini G. Optimization of a trypsin-bioreactor coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry for quality control of biotechnological drugs. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1120:121-31. [PMID: 16472537 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2005] [Revised: 11/07/2005] [Accepted: 01/11/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The optimization of a silica-based trypsin bioreactor and its use in the quality control of biotechnological drugs like peptides and proteins is described. Five bioreactors based on monolithic material have been prepared, with different amount of bound trypsin. The performances of these bioreactors were compared to the proteolytic activity of a bioreactor based on silica material. The trypsin-based chromatographic columns were coupled on-line with an LC/ESI/MS/MS system for digestion and identification of proteins. First, human serum albumin has been used as test protein to compare the ability of the bioreactors to hydrolyse high-molecular-weight proteins. The best chromatographic material (epoxy monolithic silica) and the optimum amount of enzyme bound (7.13 mg) have been identified to obtain the highest protein recovery and an analytical reproducibility of the whole digestion, separation and identification process. The optimized enzyme-reactor has been used for the on-line digestion of some biotechnological drugs such as somatotropin. Somatotropin for parentheral use has been analyzed, without sample pre-treatment, with both an on-line procedure and the traditional off-line procedure described in the European Pharmacopoeia. It was found that the cleavage efficiency (aminoacidic recovery, %AA) achieved within minutes by the developed protocol is at least comparable or even better than the conventional 4h consuming method.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Temporini
- Dipartimento di Chimica Farmaceutica, Università di Pavia, Via Taramelli 12, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
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10
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Tran NT, Taverna M, Miccoli L, Angulo JF. Poly(ethylene oxide) facilitates the characterization of an affinity between strongly basic proteins with DNA by affinity capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 2005; 26:3105-12. [PMID: 16047314 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200400091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In order to study kin17 protein-DNA affinity, we have developed a fast and reproducible capillary electrophoresis (CE) analysis of a strongly basic protein: kin17 protein, using a nonpermanent coating based on poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) to avoid adsorption of kin17. The coating procedure was optimized to provide a residual and stable electroosmotic flow (EOF = 5 x 10(-5) cm(2)/V x s), exhibiting RSD of 0.3% and excellent long-term stability. Good intraday and interday reproducibility of kin17 migration times (0.8 and 0.3% relative standard deviation (RSD), respectively) enabled us to consider that the recovery percentage obtained for kin17 protein was satisfactory (79%). The potential of this PEO-based coating procedure was evaluated for affinity CE method in order to study the affinity of kin17 protein for two single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) models: polydeoxyadenylic acid and polydeoxycytidilic acid (pdA and pdC). Binding constants (1.5 x 10(7) +/- 17% and 1.7 x 10(7) + 25%M(-1)) were evaluated assuming a 1:1 affinity between kin17 and pdA or pdC, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyet Thuy Tran
- Groupe de Chimie Analytique Paris-Sud, EA 3343, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Paris XI, F-92290 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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11
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Chapter 15 Electrophoresis of proteins and peptides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-4770(04)80028-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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12
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Ribela MTCP, Gout PW, Bartolini P. Synthesis and chromatographic purification of recombinant human pituitary hormones. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2003; 790:285-316. [PMID: 12767339 DOI: 10.1016/s1570-0232(03)00125-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recombinant DNA-derived proteins and, in particular, human pituitary hormones, are increasingly used for research, diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. This trend has demanded new synthetic approaches and improved purification techniques. The type and sequence of the purification steps have to be selected in accordance with the cloning and protein expression strategy, the host organism and cellular localization of the protein of interest, with a view to producing the desired product at a required purity, biological activity and acceptable cost. This review article describes and analyzes the main synthetic and purification strategies that have been used for the production of recombinant human growth hormone, prolactin, thyrotropin, luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone, giving special consideration to the few published downstream processes utilized by the biotechnology industry. Practically all types of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms utilized for this purpose are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Teresa C P Ribela
- Biotechnology Department, IPEN-CNEN, Travessa R 400, Cidade Universitária, 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil.
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13
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Jørgensen H, Kutter JP, Olsson L. Separation and quantification of cellulases and hemicellulases by capillary electrophoresis. Anal Biochem 2003; 317:85-93. [PMID: 12729604 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2697(03)00052-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cellulases and hemicellulases are two classes of enzymes produced by filamentous fungi and secreted into the cultivation medium. Both classes of enzymes consist of a subset of classes of which the fungi produce several enzymes with varying molecular mass and pI but similar enzymatic activities. Current methods are limited in their ability to quantify all of these enzymes when all are present simultaneously in a mixture. Five different cellulases (two cellobiohydrolases and three endoglucanases) and one hemicellulase (endoxylanase) were separated using capillary electrophoresis (CE) in a fused silica capillary at pH values close to neutral. The improvement of the separation of these six proteins by the addition of alpha,omega-diaminoalkanes with chain lengths from three to seven carbon units was investigated. Dynamically coating the capillary with 1,3-diaminopropane resulted in separation of the six enzymes and the reproducibility of the migration times was between 0.6 and 1.9%. Two cases-quantitative determination of the enzyme concentrations in cultivation samples and investigation of adsorption of the enzymes onto cellulose-demonstrated the advantages and perspectives of CE analysis of these broad groups of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Jørgensen
- Center for Process Biotechnology, BioCentrum-DTU, Technical University of Denmark, Building 223, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
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14
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Abstract
Since immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) was first introduced, several variants of this method and many other metal affinity-based techniques have been devised. IMAC quickly established itself as a highly reliable purification procedure, showing rapid expansion in the number of preparative and analytical applications while not remaining confined to protein separation. It was soon applied to protein refolding (matrix-assisted refolding), evaluation of protein folding status, protein surface topography studies and biosensor development. In this review, applications in protein processing are described of IMAC as well as other metal affinity-based technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K M Ueda
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Nuclear and Energy Research (IPEN-CNEN), Travessa R, 400, Cidade Universitária, 05508-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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15
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Tran NT, Cabanes-Macheteau M, Taverna M. Chapter 20 Analysis of glycoproteins and their glycopeptide and glycan fragments by electrophoresis and capillary electrophoresis. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY LIBRARY 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-4770(02)80045-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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16
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Righetti PG. Capillary electrophoretic analysis of proteins and peptides of biomedical and pharmacological interest. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2001; 22:337-51. [PMID: 11835253 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is an automated approach to electrokinetic separations that has had a deep impact in all fields of life sciences, including biomedical and biotechnological research and clinical and forensic practice. The present review highlights aspects of peptides and proteins separations, with particular emphasis on macromolecular analytes of biomedical interest. Among the various CE techniques available, a novel methodology is here illustrated consisting in separations in acidic, isoelectric buffers, which have the advantage of protonating the silica wall, thus minimizing interactions of proteinaceous material with the siliceous surface, while allowing delivery of high voltage gradients, due to their low conductivities. The review ends with applications of CE to the analysis of folding/unfolding/refolding/misfolding of proteins, a field which has deep implications in the biomedical arena, since it is connected to a host of disorders, such as prion protein diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Righetti
- Department of Agricultural and Industrial Biotechnologies, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie No. 15, 37134 Verona, Italy.
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17
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Le Potier I, Taverna M, Fattal E, Benzaki J, Chevalier M, Ferrier D. Performance evaluation of capillary surface treatments for peptide mapping by capillary zone electrophoresis. Chromatographia 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02491624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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18
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Analysis of Protein Therapeutics by Capillary Electrophoresis. CE IN BIOTECHNOLOGY: PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS FOR PROTEIN AND PEPTIDE ANALYSES 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-322-83021-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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19
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Belenkii BG, Kassalainen GE, Nasledov DG. Modified capillary electrophoresis system for peptide, protein and double-stranded DNA analysis. J Chromatogr A 2000; 879:189-96. [PMID: 10893035 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00226-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The results of high-performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE) studies of peptide, protein and double-stranded DNA separations on a laboratory-made HPCE system are presented. Parameters of the HPCE system are given. The new method of capillary surface modification by grafting poly(glycidyl methacrylate) is described. The problems of HPCE biopolymer analysis connected with the sample-wall interactions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B G Belenkii
- Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg
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20
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Abstract
Capillary electrophoresis (CE)-related techniques are increasingly being used as a matter of routine practice in the biotechnology discipline. Since recombinant DNA-derived proteins and the antisense oligonucleotides constitute a large portion of the applications of these techniques, they have been emphasized in this review. Analyses by CE of Escherichia coli-derived proteins and glycosylated proteins derived from mammalian cell cultures are summarized, as well as those of the carbohydrate chains that have been enzymatically removed from the protein. Applications of CE in the analysis of the antisense oligonucleotides for the determination of purity and the analytical studies on the metabolism of these modified oligonucleotides, by CE are reviewed. The literature mainly covers the period from 1996.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Lagu
- Lilly Research Laboratories, A Division of Eli Lilly and Co., Lilly Corporate Center, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA.
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21
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Rodriguez I, Li S. Surface deactivation in protein and peptide analysis by capillary electrophoresis. Anal Chim Acta 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(98)00485-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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22
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Wätzig H, Degenhardt M, Kunkel A. Strategies for capillary electrophoresis: method development and validation for pharmaceutical and biological applications. Electrophoresis 1998; 19:2695-752. [PMID: 9870372 DOI: 10.1002/elps.1150191603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This review is in support of the development of selective, reproducible and validated capillary electrophoretis (CE) methods. Focusing on pharmaceutical and biological applications, the successful use of CE is demonstrated by more than 800 references, mainly from 1994 until 1998. Approximately 80 recent reviews have been catalogued. These articles sum up the existing strategies for method development in CE, especially in the search for generally accepted concepts, but also looking for new, promising reagents and ideas. General strategies for method development were derived not only with regard to selectivity and efficiency, but also with regard to precision, short analysis time, limit of detection, sample pretreatment requirements and validation. Standard buffer recipes, surfactants used in micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC), chiral selectors, useful buffer additives, polymeric separation media, electroosmotic flow (EOF) modifiers, dynamic and permanent coatings, actions to deal with complex matrices and aspects of validation are collected in 20 tables. Detailed schemes for the development of MEKC methods and chiral separations, for optimizing separation efficiency, means of troubleshooting, and other important information for key decisions during method development are given in 19 diagrams. Method development for peptide and protein separations, possibilities to influence the EOF and how to stabilize it, as well as indirect detection are considered in special sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wätzig
- Institut für Pharmazie und Lebensmittelchemie, Würzburg, Germany.
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23
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Taverna M, Tran NT, Merry T, Horvath E, Ferrier D. Electrophoretic methods for process monitoring and the quality assessment of recombinant glycoproteins. Electrophoresis 1998; 19:2572-94. [PMID: 9848665 DOI: 10.1002/elps.1150191505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In many ways electrophoretic techniques appear ideal for quality monitoring of proteins and are thus well suited for the analysis of recombinant glycoproteins. The requirements of high throughput, comparative analysis and resolution of many variants are met by several electrophoretic techniques. A wide variety of such techniques are available to biotechnologists in the rapidly developing area of recombinant glycoproteins. It is the aim of this review to specifically cover recent work which has been applied to the analysis of DNA-derived glycoproteins, both from a process control standpoint and final product validation. All major areas of electrophoresis including sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), isoelectric focusing and techniques utilizing capillary electrophoresis are covered, with emphasis on analysis of glycoforms and oligosaccharide profiles of recombinant glycoproteins. As illustration, actual examples rather than standard glycoproteins are given to indicate the potential and limitations which may be encountered. It is anticipated that this review will prove a useful and practical guide to the latest developments by indicating the relevant merits of different methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Taverna
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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24
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Jørgensen TK, Bagger LH, Christiansen J, Johnsen GH, Faarbaek JR, Jørgensen L, Welinder BS. Quantifying biosynthetic human growth hormone in Escherichia coli with capillary electrophoresis under hydrophobic conditions. J Chromatogr A 1998; 817:205-14. [PMID: 9764495 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(98)00424-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A method has been developed which is able to quantitate the content of precursor biosynthetic human growth hormone (Pre-bhGH) in the cytosol of E. coli cells containing the gene for human growth hormone (hGH). The method uses hydrophobic C18 coated capillaries with native biosynthetic human growth hormone (bhGH) as an internal standard. This allows for highly robust and precise determinations as well as the evaluation of the presence of deamidated forms in the cytosol samples. Furthermore, by modifying the running buffer with zwitterionic surfactants and an organic modifier, it is possible to detect a related form with a three sulfur atom Cys-Cys bridge (trisulfide Pre-bhGH). Thus, a strong tool for monitoring the effect of fermentation conditions on the biosynthesis of bhGH is obtained.
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25
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Strategies for Electromigration Separations of Biologically Relevant Compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-4770(08)60300-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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26
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Abstract
This review article with 237 references is focused on capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) of proteins. It includes discussion of modeling electrophoretic migration of proteins, sample pretreatment before the analysis, methods reducing the sorptions of proteins on the capillary wall, and techniques for increasing selectivity by using electrolyte additives including the sieving matrices. Significant progress in detection techniques, namely in laser-induced fluorescence and mass spectrometry, is emphasized. Modifications of CZE using specific interactions, such as affinity capillary electrophoresis or capillary immunoelectrophoresis, are debated as well as combination of CZE with other separation methods such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A number of practical applications of CZE of proteins are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Dolnik
- Molecular Dynamics, Sunnyvale, CA 94086, USA.
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Corradini D. Buffer additives other than the surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate for protein separations by capillary electrophoresis. JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY. B, BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES AND APPLICATIONS 1997; 699:221-56. [PMID: 9392377 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(97)00301-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The different compounds utilized as additives to the electrolyte solutions employed in protein capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) for minimizing protein-capillary wall interactions, for improving selectivity and resolution and for controlling the electroosmotic flow are reviewed. The dependence of the electroosmotic flow on the different variables that can be affected by the incorporation of an additive into the electrolytic solution is discussed. A list of the most effective additives employed for protein separations by CZE is reported in Appendix A.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Corradini
- Istituto di Cromatografia del CNR Area della Ricerca di Roma, Rome, Italy
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Dalmora S, de Oliveira JE, Affonso R, Gimbo E, Ribela MT, Bartolini P. Analysis of recombinant human growth hormone directly in osmotic shock fluids. J Chromatogr A 1997; 782:199-210. [PMID: 9368400 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(97)00493-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
An isocratic reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the determination of human growth hormone (hGH) directly in osmotic shock fluids is described. This methodology allows an initial rapid evaluation of the quality and quantity of hGH being secreted in the bacterial periplasmic space right after, or even during fermentation. Considering that RP-HPLC does not identify size isomers, these were determined via a parallel run of the same osmotic shock fluid on high-performance size-exclusion chromatography, coupled with radioimmunoassay, of the eluted fractions. The methodology provides a complete picture, within 24 h from the beginning of the fermentation process, of the recombinant protein being produced with respect to its activity, identity, yield, and hGH-related contaminants. These latter include sulfoxide and desamido derivatives, dimer and high-molecular-mass forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dalmora
- Department of Application of Nuclear Techniques in Biological Sciences, IPEN-CNEN, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ratanathanawongs Williams SK, Raner GM, Ellis WR, Giddings JC. Separation of protein inclusion bodies fromEscherichia coli lysates using sedimentation field-flow fractionation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1520-667x(1997)9:3<233::aid-mcs12>3.0.co;2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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