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Baghel M, Sakure K, Giri TK, Maiti S, Nakhate KT, Ojha S, Sharma C, Agrawal Y, Goyal S, Badwaik H. Carboxymethylated Gums and Derivatization: Strategies and Significance in Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050776. [PMID: 37242559 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural polysaccharides have been widely exploited in drug delivery and tissue engineering research. They exhibit excellent biocompatibility and fewer adverse effects; however, it is challenging to assess their bioactivities to that of manufactured synthetics because of their intrinsic physicochemical characteristics. Studies showed that the carboxymethylation of polysaccharides considerably increases the aqueous solubility and bioactivities of inherent polysaccharides and offers structural diversity, but it also has some limitations that can be resolved by derivatization or the grafting of carboxymethylated gums. The swelling ratio, flocculation capacity, viscosity, partition coefficient, metal absorption properties, and thermosensitivity of natural polysaccharides have been improved as a result of these changes. In order to create better and functionally enhanced polysaccharides, researchers have modified the structures and properties of carboxymethylated gums. This review summarizes the various ways of modifying carboxymethylated gums, explores the impact that molecular modifications have on their physicochemical characteristics and bioactivities, and sheds light on various applications for the derivatives of carboxymethylated polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Baghel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Shankaracharya Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Junwani, Bhilai 490020, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Kalyani Sakure
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Kurud Road, Kohka, Bhilai 490024, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Tapan Kumar Giri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Sabyasachi Maiti
- Department of Pharmacy, Indira Gandhi National Tribal University, Amarkantak 484887, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Kartik T Nakhate
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule 424001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Charu Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yogeeta Agrawal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule 424001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sameer Goyal
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule 424001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Hemant Badwaik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Shankaracharya Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Junwani, Bhilai 490020, Chhattisgarh, India
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Chitosan Graft Copolymers with N-Vinylimidazole as Promising Matrices for Immobilization of Bromelain, Ficin, and Papain. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14112279. [PMID: 35683951 PMCID: PMC9182650 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This work aims to synthesize graft copolymers of chitosan and N-vinylimidazole (VI) with different compositions to be used as matrices for the immobilization of cysteine proteases—bromelain, ficin, and papain. The copolymers are synthesized by free radical solution copolymerization with a potassium persulfate-sodium metabisulfite blend initiator. The copolymers have a relatively high frequency of grafting and yields. All the synthesized graft copolymers are water-soluble, and their solutions are characterized by DLS and laser Doppler microelectrophoresis. The copolymers are self-assembled in aqueous solutions, and they have a cationic nature and pH-sensitivity correlating to the VI content. The FTIR data demonstrate that synthesized graft copolymers conjugate cysteine proteases. The synthesized copolymer adsorbs more enzyme macromolecules compared to non-modified chitosan with the same molecular weight. The proteolytic activity of the immobilized enzymes is increased up to 100% compared to native ones. The immobilized ficin retains up to 97% of the initial activity after a one-day incubation, the immobilized bromelain retains 69% of activity after a 3-day incubation, and the immobilized papain retains 57% of the initial activity after a 7-day incubation. Therefore, the synthesized copolymers can be used as matrices for the immobilization of bromelain, ficin, and papain.
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Hezarkhani M, Ustürk S, Özbilenler C, Yilmaz E. Pullulan/poly(
N‐vinylimidazole
) cryogel: An efficient adsorbent for methyl orange. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Hezarkhani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences Eastern Mediterranean University Famagusta Turkey
- Sabanci University Integrated Manufacturing Technologies Research and Application Center & Composite Technologies Center of Excellence İstanbul Turkey
| | - Selma Ustürk
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences Eastern Mediterranean University Famagusta Turkey
| | - Cahit Özbilenler
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences Eastern Mediterranean University Famagusta Turkey
| | - Elvan Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences Eastern Mediterranean University Famagusta Turkey
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Horowitz A, Shaul G, Silverstein MS. One‐pot emulsion templating for simultaneous hydrothermal carbonization and hydrogel synthesis: porous structures, nitrogen contents and activation. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adi Horowitz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Technion – Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
| | - Gil Shaul
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Technion – Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
| | - Michael S Silverstein
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Technion – Israel Institute of Technology Haifa Israel
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Racovita S, Baranov N, Macsim AM, Lionte C, Cheptea C, Sunel V, Popa M, Vasiliu S, Desbrieres J. New Grafted Copolymers Carrying Betaine Units Based on Gellan and N-Vinylimidazole as Precursors for Design of Drug Delivery Systems. Molecules 2020; 25:E5451. [PMID: 33233752 PMCID: PMC7699957 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
New grafted copolymers possessing structural units of 1-vinyl-3-(1-carboxymethyl) imidazolium betaine were obtained by graft copolymerization of N-vinylimidazole onto gellan gum followed by the polymer-analogous reactions on grafted polymer with the highest grafting percentage using sodium chloroacetate as the betainization agent. The grafted copolymers were prepared using ammonium persulfate/N,N,N',N' tetramethylethylenediamine in a nitrogen atmosphere. The grafting reaction conditions were optimized by changing one of the following reaction parameters: initiator concentration, monomer concentration, polymer concentration, reaction time or temperature, while the other parameters remained constant. The highest grafting yield was obtained under the following reaction conditions: ci = 0.08 mol/L, cm = 0.8 mol/L, cp = 8 g/L, tr = 4 h and T = 50 °C. The kinetics of the graft copolymerization of N-vinylimidazole onto gellan was discussed and a suitable reaction mechanism was proposed. The evidence of the grafting reaction was confirmed through FTIR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, 1H-NMR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The grafted copolymer with betaine structure was obtained by a nucleophilic substitution reaction where the betainization agent was sodium chloroacetate. Preliminary results prove the ability of the grafted copolymers to bind amphoteric drugs (cefotaxime) and, therefore, the possibility of developing the new sustained drug release systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Racovita
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, No. 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (S.R.); (A.M.M.); (S.V.)
| | - Nicolae Baranov
- Department of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical Engienering and Environmental Protection, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, Prof. Dr. Docent Dimitrie Mangeron Street, No. 73, 700050 Iasi, Romania; (N.B.); (M.P.)
- Faculty of Chemistry, “Al. I. Cuza” University, Carol 1 Bvd., No. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Ana Maria Macsim
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, No. 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (S.R.); (A.M.M.); (S.V.)
| | - Catalina Lionte
- Faculty of Medicine, “Gr. T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Universitatii Street, No.16, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Corina Cheptea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Bioengineering, “Gr. T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Kogalniceanu Street No. 9-13, 700454 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Valeriu Sunel
- Faculty of Chemistry, “Al. I. Cuza” University, Carol 1 Bvd., No. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Marcel Popa
- Department of Natural and Synthetic Polymers, Faculty of Chemical Engienering and Environmental Protection, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, Prof. Dr. Docent Dimitrie Mangeron Street, No. 73, 700050 Iasi, Romania; (N.B.); (M.P.)
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, Splaiul Independentei Street No. 54, 050085 Bucuresti, Romania
| | - Silvia Vasiliu
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, No. 41A, 700487 Iasi, Romania; (S.R.); (A.M.M.); (S.V.)
| | - Jacques Desbrieres
- Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie Pour l’Environnement et les Materiaux (IPREM), Pau and Pays de l’Adour University (UPPA), UMR CNRS 5254, Helioparc Pau Pyrenees, 2, av. President Angot, 64053 Pau CEDEX 09, France
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Abu Elella MH, Mohamed RR, Sabaa MW. Synthesis of novel grafted hyaluronic acid with antitumor activity. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 189:107-114. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Martín-Saldaña S, Palao-Suay R, Aguilar MR, García-Fernández L, Arévalo H, Trinidad A, Ramírez-Camacho R, San Román J. pH-sensitive polymeric nanoparticles with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties against cisplatin-induced hearing loss. J Control Release 2017; 270:53-64. [PMID: 29197586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) based on smart synthetic amphiphilic copolymers are used to transport and controlled release dexamethasone in the inner ear to protect against the ototoxic effect of cisplatin. The NPs were based on a mixture of two pseudo-block polymer drugs obtained by free radical polymerization: poly(VI-co-HEI) and poly(VP-co-MVE) or poly(VP-co-MTOS), being VI 1-vinylimidazole, VP N-vinylpyrrolidone, and HEI, MVE and MTOS the methacrylic derivatives of ibuprofen, α-tocopherol and α-tocopheryl succinate, respectively. The NPs were obtained by nanoprecipitation with appropriate hydrodynamic properties, and isoelectric points that matched the pH of inflamed tissue. The NPs were tested both in vitro (using HEI-OC1 cells) and in vivo (using a murine model) with good results. Although the concentration of dexamethasone administered in the NPs is around two orders of magnitude lower that the conventional treatment for intratympanic administration, the NPs protected from the cytotoxic effect of cisplatin when the combination of the appropriate properties in terms of size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency and isoelectric point were achieved. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time that pH sensitive NPs are used to protect from cisplatin-induced hearing loss by intratympanic administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Martín-Saldaña
- Grupo de Biomateriales, Departamento de Nanomateriales Poliméricos y Biomateriales, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Ear Research Group, Hospital UniversitarioPuerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Health Research Institute Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Palao-Suay
- Grupo de Biomateriales, Departamento de Nanomateriales Poliméricos y Biomateriales, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Networking Biomedical Research Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Spain
| | - María Rosa Aguilar
- Grupo de Biomateriales, Departamento de Nanomateriales Poliméricos y Biomateriales, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Networking Biomedical Research Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Spain.
| | - Luis García-Fernández
- Grupo de Biomateriales, Departamento de Nanomateriales Poliméricos y Biomateriales, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Networking Biomedical Research Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Spain
| | - Humberto Arévalo
- Grupo de Biomateriales, Departamento de Nanomateriales Poliméricos y Biomateriales, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Trinidad
- Ear Research Group, Hospital UniversitarioPuerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Health Research Institute Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Ramírez-Camacho
- Ear Research Group, Hospital UniversitarioPuerta de Hierro Majadahonda, Health Research Institute Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio San Román
- Grupo de Biomateriales, Departamento de Nanomateriales Poliméricos y Biomateriales, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, ICTP-CSIC, C/Juan de la Cierva, 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain; Networking Biomedical Research Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, Spain
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8
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Vives CM, Pastoriza A. Poly(N-vinyl imidazole) hydrogels polymerized in molds of different materials. Eur Polym J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2015.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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9
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El-Hamshary H, Fouda MMG, Moydeen M, El-Newehy MH, Al-Deyab SS, Abdel-Megeed A. Synthesis and antibacterial of carboxymethyl starch-grafted poly(vinyl imidazole) against some plant pathogens. Int J Biol Macromol 2014; 72:1466-72. [PMID: 25450555 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2014.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Revised: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Poly(N-vinyl imidazole) (PVI) has been grafted onto carboxymethyl starch (CMS) in aqueous solution using potassium persulfate (KPS) as initiator. Reaction parameters that affect grafting efficiency and percentage grafting such as monomer and initiator concentration, the reaction temperature and time were investigated. The grafted products were characterized by FTIR, thermal analysis, SEM photograph and elemental analysis. The antibacterial effects of the carboxymethyl starch-grafted-poly(N-vinylimidazole) (CMS-g-PVI) was examined against two plant pathogens Gram negative bacteria: Xanthomonas perforanss and Xanthomonas oryzae. Generally, upon application of the CMS-g-PVI to the bacterial cells; the mortality rate increased from 45.71 to 59.37% for Xanthomonas perforans and X. oryzae, respectively. While the MIC for most of both bacterial strains were recorded at concentration of 60 μg/mL. The results indicate that CMS-g-PVI has bactericidal properties and can be used for seed treatment to control xanthomonads associated with bacterial leaf spot (BLS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany El-Hamshary
- Petrochemical Research Chair, Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box: 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
| | - Moustafa M G Fouda
- Petrochemical Research Chair, Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box: 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Textile Research Division, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, PO Box 12622, Giza 12522, Egypt.
| | - Meera Moydeen
- Petrochemical Research Chair, Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box: 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed H El-Newehy
- Petrochemical Research Chair, Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box: 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Salem S Al-Deyab
- Petrochemical Research Chair, Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box: 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Abdel-Megeed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box: 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Saba Basha, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Suárez P, Rojo L, González-Gómez Á, Román JS. Self-Assembling Gradient Copolymers of Vinylimidazol and (Acrylic)ibuprofen With Anti-Inflammatory and Zinc Chelating Properties. Macromol Biosci 2013; 13:1174-84. [DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201300141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Suárez
- Institute of Polymer Science & Technology; CSIC and CIBER-BBN. Juan de la Cierva; 3, 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Luis Rojo
- Institute of Polymer Science & Technology; CSIC and CIBER-BBN. Juan de la Cierva; 3, 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Álvaro González-Gómez
- Institute of Polymer Science & Technology; CSIC and CIBER-BBN. Juan de la Cierva; 3, 28006 Madrid Spain
| | - Julio San Román
- Institute of Polymer Science & Technology; CSIC and CIBER-BBN. Juan de la Cierva; 3, 28006 Madrid Spain
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Santanakrishnan S, Hutchinson RA. Free-Radical Polymerization of N
-Vinylimidazole and Quaternized Vinylimidazole in Aqueous Solution. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201300044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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12
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Velasco D, Réthoré G, Newland B, Parra J, Elvira C, Pandit A, Rojo L, San Román J. Low polydispersity (N-ethyl pyrrolidine methacrylamide-co-1-vinylimidazole) linear oligomers for gene therapy applications. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2012; 82:465-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2012.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 08/04/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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13
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Yan Y, Lu N, Cui J, Zhang J. Synthesis of fluorescent poly(1-vinylimidazole-co-(1-pyrene) methyl 2-methyl-2-propenote) and determination of monomer reactivity ratios. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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14
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Arosio P, Mosconi M, Storti G, Morbidelli M. Precipitation Copolymerization of Vinyl-Imidazole and Vinyl-Pyrrolidone, 1 - Experimental Analysis. MACROMOL REACT ENG 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/mren.201100019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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15
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Schrooten J, Buback M, Hesse P, Hutchinson RA, Lacík I. Termination Kinetics of 1-Vinylpyrrolidin-2-one Radical Polymerization in Aqueous Solution. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201100021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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van De Grampel HT, Tan YY, Challa G. Template polymerization of N-vinylimidazole along poly(methacrylic acid). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.19880200113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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17
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Unusual behavior in light scattering experiments of poly(N-vinylimidazole) prepared by precipitation polymerization. Colloid Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-009-2104-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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18
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Caner H, Yilmaz E, Yilmaz O. Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of poly(N-vinylimidazole) grafted chitosan. Carbohydr Polym 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2006.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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20
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Savin G, Burchard W, Luca C, Beldie C. Global Solution Properties of Poly(N-vinylimidazole) in Ethanol. Macromolecules and Aggregates. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma035362g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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21
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Reaction analysis of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene with potassium persulfate in aqueous solution by using a calorimeter. POLYMER 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(99)00670-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Solvent effects on quenching of partially quaternized poly(1-vinylimidazole)-bound ruthenium(II) complexes with viologens. REACT FUNCT POLYM 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-5148(98)00017-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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24
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Analysis of the 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectra of poly(3-methyl-1-vinylpyrazole). Polym Bull (Berl) 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00294954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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25
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Turcsáyi B. Graft Modification of Polyethylene With N-Vinylimidazole by Reactive Extrusion and Compatibilization of Polyethylene/Polypropylene Blends Via IMidazol-Carboxyl Interactions. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 1995. [DOI: 10.1080/10601329508019170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Béla Turcsáyi
- a Central Research Institute for Chemistry of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences , P.O. Box 17, H-1525, Budapest , Hungary
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26
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Zhili X, Chapiro A, Schmitt N. Grafting of vinylimidazole into air-irradiated polymer films—1. Grafting into teflon-FEP. Eur Polym J 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0014-3057(93)90097-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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27
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28
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High-performance liquid chromatography and ultrafiltration of whey proteins with inorganic porous materials coated with polyvinylimidazole derivatives. J Chromatogr A 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)88603-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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29
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Forster RJ, Vos JG. Charge transport properties of poly(N-vinylimidazole) containing [Os(N)6]2+/3+ moieties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00701030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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30
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Bamford C. Non-classical free-radical polymerization: 7. Kinetic analysis of some polymerizations by the group-termination coefficient procedure. POLYMER 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(90)90192-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Bamford CH, Schofield E, Eilers JM. Non-classical free-radical polymerization. 6. Degradative addition in the polymerization of acenaphthylene: a treatment including size-dependent termination coefficients. POLYMER 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(89)90028-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bamford C, Schofield E. Non-classical free-radical polymerization: 3. Diffusion-control in degradative addition. POLYMER 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0032-3861(83)90030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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