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Affiliation(s)
- M. H. Maxwell
- AFRC Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics Research, Edinburgh Research Station, Roslin, Midlothian EH25 9PS, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- M.H. Maxwell
- Roslin Institute (Edinburgh), Roslin, Midlothian EH 25 9PS, UK
| | - G.W. Robertson
- Roslin Institute (Edinburgh), Roslin, Midlothian EH 25 9PS, UK
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Prokić VS, Davidov I, Belić B, Novakov N, Aleksić J, Lakić I. Morphometric Parameters of Erythrocytes in Juvenile Mandarin Ducks Aix galericulata. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2018-0972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - B Belić
- University of Novi Sad, Serbia
| | | | | | - I Lakić
- University of Novi Sad, Serbia
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Liermann W, Frahm J, Berk A, Dänicke S. Investigations of relationships between alterations of the gastrointestinal tract caused by feeding variously processed feedstuffs and blood and immunological traits of broilers. Poult Sci 2019; 98:306-318. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Hasani A, Bouyeh M, Rahati M, Seidavi A, Makovicky P, Laudadio V, Tufarelli V. Which is the best alternative for ascites syndrome prevention in broiler chickens? Effect of feed form and rearing temperature conditions. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2017.1309320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Hasani
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Bouyeh
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mliheh Rahati
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Alireza Seidavi
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
| | - Peter Makovicky
- Laboratory of Veterinary Histopathology in Komarno, Komarno, Slovak Republic
| | - Vito Laudadio
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Tufarelli
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation (DETO), Section of Veterinary Science and Animal Production, University of Bari ‘Aldo Moro’, Valenzano, Italy
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6
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The influence of restrictive feeding of chickens on the microscopic structure of their liver. ACTA VET BRNO 2012. [DOI: 10.2754/avb201281010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the morphologic structure of chickens’ livers as a result of restrictive feeding in variable intensity. This experiment was performed on 96 chickens of two hybrids (Ross 308 and Cobb 500) of both sexes. The chickens were divided into 3 groups (control group and two groups with restricted feeding). There were 8 chickens in each group. After hatching, the control group was fed a standard mixture ad libitum. The first restricted group was fed 80% ad libitum from the age of 2 weeks. The second restricted group, from the age of 2 weeks, was fed 65% ad libitum. The experiment lasted for 5 weeks. The liver samples were obtained by necropsy, then weighed, and after this processed by standard histological methods. The slices of liver were stained with haematoxyline-eosin. The liver samples were evaluated both objectively and subjectively. In the control group, steatosis and marginal pathological acute venosis hyperaemia were found. In the group with 80% restriction, perilobular steatosis was observed. In the group with 65% restriction, centrolobular steatosis was observed. Controlled measurement of the average hepatocyte thickness in the individual sample groups was performed using an objective method. The hepatocyte diameter thickness of males was higher than the hepatocyte diameter thickness of females, which was significant (P < 0.001). This is the first work providing the possibility of morphometrical verification of the time factor including other morphological criteria.
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Owen RL, Wideman RF, Barbato GF, Cowen BS, Ford BC, Hattel AL. Morphometric and histologic changes in the pulmonary system of broilers raised at simulated high altitude. Avian Pathol 2009; 24:293-302. [PMID: 18645787 DOI: 10.1080/03079459508419070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Broilers were reared in conditions of hypobaric hypoxia (3500 m altitude) to investigate the development of pulmonary nodules in birds reared in hypobaric hypoxia and judged by clinical observation to be developing broiler pulmonary hypertension syndrome (BPHS); in unaffected birds reared in hypobaric hypoxia; and in birds reared at ambient atmospheric pressure. Gross pulmonary morphometric measurements, packed cell volume, electrocardiogram QRS amplitude and body weight also were compared among the three experimental groups. Results indicate that hypobaric hypoxia alone exercised little influence on the development of pulmonary nodules. Nodule numbers per section and nodule area per section were numerically greater in birds reared in hypobaric hypoxia, but there were no consistent significant differences in nodule numbers in birds which developed BPHS. As expected, absolute lung length, inter-rib distance and lung volume increased significantly with increasing age and size; but when these parameters were expressed as a function of body weight, they decreased with increasing age. Again, intergroup differences were inconsistent. Packed cell volume and electrocardiogram QRS amplitude were significantly increased in birds reared in hypobaric hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R L Owen
- Department of Veterinary Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA
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Food restriction in pregnant and lactating rats induces anemia and increases plasma lipid peroxidation in their progeny. Nutr Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2007.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Pires DL, Malheiros EB, Boleli IC. Influence of sex, age, and fasting on blood parameters and body, bursa, spleen and yolk sac weights of broiler chicks. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2007. [DOI: 10.1590/s1516-635x2007000400005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- DL Pires
- São Paulo State University, Brazil
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11
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Li Y, Yuan L, Yang X, Ni Y, Xia D, Barth S, Grossmann R, Zhao RQ. Effect of early feed restriction on myofibre types and expression of growth-related genes in the gastrocnemius muscle of crossbred broiler chickens. Br J Nutr 2007; 98:310-9. [PMID: 17445349 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114507699383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the immediate and long-term effects of early feed restriction (ER) on morphology and gene expression of lateral gastrocnemius muscle. Newly hatched crossbred broiler chickens were allocated into control and ER groups, the latter being free-fed on alternate days from hatch to 14 days of age (14 d), followed by ad libitum feeding as the control group until 63 d. The lateral gastrocnemius muscle was taken at 14 and 63 d, respectively for myofibre typing by both myosin ATPase staining and relative quantification of myosin heavy chain (MyHC) mRNA for slow-twitch (SM), red fast-twitch (FRM) and white fast-twitch (FWM) myofibres. The body weight and lateral gastrocnemius weight were significantly lower in the ER group, accompanied by significantly reduced serum triiodothyronine. The ER group exhibited significantly higher SM and FRM MyHC expression at 14 d, but lower SM expression at 63 d. Myosin ATPase staining revealed a similar pattern. The percentage of SM was higher at 14 d while lower at 63 d in the ER group. These morphological changes were accompanied by changes of mRNA expression for growth-related genes. The ER group expressed lower insulin-like growth factoar I (IGF-I) and higher IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) at 14 d, yet significantly increased growth hormone receptor and IGF-IR mRNA at 63 d. These results indicate that ER may delay the slow to fast myofibre conversion as an immediate effect, but would result in a lower percentage of slow fibres owing to compensatory growth in the long term, which involves changes of mRNA expression for the growth-related genes in the muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, P. R. China
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Olkowski AA, Duke T, Wojnarowicz C. The aetiology of hypoxaemia in chickens selected for rapid growth. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2005; 141:122-31. [PMID: 15936232 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2005.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2005] [Revised: 04/17/2005] [Accepted: 04/19/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In comparison to other classes of chickens, broilers selected for rapid growth tend to be hypoxaemic, and many develop congestive heart failure (CHF). In order to explain the physiological mechanisms associated with hypoxaemia in fast-growing broiler chickens (Gallus gallus), this study examined several basic physiological parameters including the blood gas profile in arterial [left atrial (LA)] and mixed venous [right atrial (RA)] blood, systemic oxygen extraction ratio, and intrapulmonary shunt fraction. These parameters were further studied in the context of blood flow in the pulmonary circulation, structural characteristics of the lungs, and cardiac function [measured as cardiac index (CI)]. Overall, broilers had lower arterial and mixed venous blood pO(2) levels and higher pCO(2) levels compared to leghorns. The cardiac index was lower in fast-growing and CHF broilers compared to leghorn chickens or feed-restricted broilers. Systemic oxygen extraction ratio (ER) and intrapulmonary shunt fraction were significantly higher in fast-growing broilers and birds with CHF (all P<0.01). Lungs of all broilers, but not leghorns, contained ectopic, irregular nodular formations located within air spaces. Broilers with clinical signs of hypoxaemia revealed the highest number of these formations in their lung. Taken together, the present findings indicate that key factors associated with the development of hypoxaemia in fast-growing broilers include: (1) high demand for oxygen as evidenced by high oxygen ER; (2) inadequate cardiac output (CO) to fulfill the higher oxygen demands, leading to severe depletion of O(2) in mixed venous blood; and (3) elevated intrapulmonary shunt fraction and possibly dead space associated with specific pathological and anatomical characteristics within the lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Olkowski
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5A8.
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Acar N, Sizemore FG, Leach GR, Wideman RF, Owen RL, Barbato GF. Growth of broiler chickens in response to feed restriction regimens to reduce ascites. Poult Sci 1995; 74:833-43. [PMID: 7603960 DOI: 10.3382/ps.0740833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A trial was conducted to investigate the impact of early feed restriction on ascites induced by cold temperatures and the subsequent effect on the whole body and breast muscle growth of broilers. Two feed restriction regimens were tested, consisting of limiting daily feed intake of the birds to 75% of the ME required for normal growth from either 4 to 11 d or from 7 to 14 d. At 21 d, half of the birds were moved to a cold house (17.8 C) to induce ascites. Five birds from each pen were killed for the breast muscle growth, Pectoralis major and Pectoralis minor, and heart and abdominal fat pad weights at 4, 7, 11, 14, 21, 35, and 49 d of the experiment. Birds in the cold house were heavier and had better feed conversion than birds in the control house at 49 d of age. This could be attributed to the high ambient temperatures (27 to 33 C) in the control house. The ad libitum birds had a significantly greater percentage of P. major than the feed-restricted birds. Exposure to cold temperatures caused significantly higher percentage of ascites from 21 to 49 d. Cold temperatures also increased the percentage of total heart and the right ventricle weight relative to total heart weight ratio at 35 and 49 d of age, suggesting that the surviving birds were more likely to develop ascites. Although catch-up growth was observed, the final body weight of feed-restricted birds was not the same as ad libitum birds. Early feed restriction reduced the incidence of ascites, but at the cost of breast muscle growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Acar
- Poultry Science Department, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802, USA
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