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Lopez Kolkovsky AL, Matot B, Baudin PY, Caldas de Almeida Araujo E, Reyngoudt H, Marty B, Fromes Y. Multiparametric Aging Study Across Adulthood in the Leg Through Quantitative MR Imaging, 1H Spectroscopy, and 31P Spectroscopy at 3T. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024. [PMID: 38593265 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.29368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improved characterization of healthy muscle aging is needed to establish early biomarkers in age-related diseases. PURPOSE To quantify age-related changes on multiple MRI and clinical variables evaluated in the same cohort and identify correlations among them. STUDY TYPE Prospective. POPULATION 70 healthy subjects (30 men) from 20 to 81 years old. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3T/water T2 (multiecho SE, multi-TE STEAM), water T1 (GRE MR Fingerprinting), fat-fraction (multiecho GRE, multi-TE STEAM), carnosine (PRESS), multicomponent water T2 (ISIS-CPMG SE train), and 31P pulse-acquire spectroscopy. ASSESSMENT Age- and sex-related changes on: Imaging: fat-fraction (FFMRI), water T1 (T1-H2O), and T2 (T2-H2O-MRI) and their heterogeneities ΔT1-H2O and ΔT2-H2O-MRI in the posterior compartment (PC) and anterior compartment (AC) of the leg. 1H spectroscopy: Carnosine concentration, pH, water T2 components (T2-H2O-CPMG), fat-fraction (FFMRS), and water T2 (T2-H2O-MRS) in the gastrocnemius medialis. 31P spectroscopy: Phosphodiesters (PDE), phosphomonoesters, inorganic phosphates (Pi), and phosphocreatine (PCr) normalized to adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and pH in the calf. Clinical evaluation: Body-mass index (BMI), gait speed (GS), plantar flexion strength, handgrip strength (HS), HS normalized to wrist circumference (HSnorm), physical activity assessment. STATISTICAL TESTS Multilinear regressions with sex and age as fixed factors. Spearman correlations calculated between variables. Benjamini-Hochberg procedure for false positives reduction (5% rate). A P < 0.05 significance level was used. RESULTS Significant age-related increases were found for BMI (ρAge = 0.04), HSnorm (ρAge = -0.01), PDE/ATP (ρAge = 2.8 × 10-3), Pi/ATP (ρAge = 2.0 × 10-3), Pi/PCr (ρAge = 0.3 × 10-3), T2-H2O-MRS (ρAge = 0.051 msec), FFMRS (ρAge = 0.036) the intermediate T2-H2O-CPMG component time (ρAge = 0.112 msec), and fraction (ρAge = -0.3 × 10-3); and in both compartments for FFMRI (ρAge = 0.06, PC; ρAge = 0.06, AC), T2-H2O-MRI (ρAge = 0.05, PC; ρAge = 0.05, AC; msec), ΔT2-H2O-MRI (ρAge = 0.02, PC; ρAge = 0.02, AC; msec), T1-H2O (ρAge = 1.08, PC; ρAge = 1.06, AC; msec), and ΔT1-H2O (ρAge = 0.22, PC; ρAge = 0.37, AC; msec). The best age predictors, accounting for sex-related differences, were HSnorm (R2 = 0.52) and PDE/ATP (R2 = 0.44). In both leg compartments, the imaging measures and HSnorm were intercorrelated. In PC, T2-H2O-MRS and FFMRS also showed numerous correlations to the imaging measures. PDE/ATP correlated to T1-H2O, T2-H2O-MRI, ΔT2-H2O-MRI, FFMRI, FFMRS, the intermediate T2-H2O-CPMG, BMI, Pi/PCr, and HSnorm. DATA CONCLUSION Our multiparametric MRI approach provided an integrative view of age-related changes in the leg and revealed multiple correlations between these parameters and the normalized HS. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatrice Matot
- NMR Laboratory, Neuromuscular Investigation Center, Institute of Myology, Paris, France
| | - Pierre-Yves Baudin
- NMR Laboratory, Neuromuscular Investigation Center, Institute of Myology, Paris, France
| | | | - Harmen Reyngoudt
- NMR Laboratory, Neuromuscular Investigation Center, Institute of Myology, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Marty
- NMR Laboratory, Neuromuscular Investigation Center, Institute of Myology, Paris, France
| | - Yves Fromes
- NMR Laboratory, Neuromuscular Investigation Center, Institute of Myology, Paris, France
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Beiglböck H, Wolf P, Pfleger L, Caliskan B, Fellinger P, Zettinig G, Anderwald CH, Kenner L, Trattnig S, Kautzky-Willer A, Krššák M, Krebs M. Effects of Thyroid Function on Phosphodiester Concentrations in Skeletal Muscle and Liver: An In Vivo NMRS Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5908058. [PMID: 32944774 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Thyroid function is clinically evaluated by determination of circulating concentrations of thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone; TSH) and free thyroxine (fT4). However, a tissue-specific effector substrate of thyroid function is lacking. Energy-rich phosphorus-containing metabolites (PM) and phospholipids (PL) might be affected by thyroid hormone action and can be noninvasively measured by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMRS). OBJECTIVES To measure the actions of peripheral thyroid hormones on PM and PL tissue concentrations. DESIGN AND SETTING A longitudinal, prospective pilot study was performed. PARTICIPANTS Nine patients with hyperthyroidism (HYPER) and 4 patients with hypothyroidism (HYPO) were studied at baseline and 3 months after treatment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES High-field 1H/31P NMRS was used to assess profiles of PM, PL, and flux through oxidative phosphorylase in liver and skeletal muscle, as well as ectopic tissue lipid content. RESULTS The concentrations of total skeletal muscle (m-) and hepatic (h-) phosphodiesters (PDE) and one of the PDE constituents, glycerophosphocholine (GPC), were lower in HYPER compared with HYPO (m-PDE: 1.4 ± 0.4 mM vs 7.4 ± 3.5 mM, P = 0.003; m-GPC: 0.9 ± 0.3 mM vs 6.7 ± 3.5 mM, P = 0.003; h-PDE: 4.4 ± 1.4 mM vs 9.9 ± 3.9 mM, P = 0.012; h-GPC: 2.2 ± 1.0 mM vs 5.1 ± 2.4 mM, P = 0.024). Both h-GPC (rho = -0.692, P = 0.018) and h-GPE (rho = -0.633, P = 0.036) correlated negatively with fT4. In muscle tissue, a strong negative association between m-GPC and fT4 (rho = -0.754, P = 0.003) was observed. CONCLUSIONS Thyroxine is closely negatively associated with the PDE concentrations in liver and skeletal muscle. Normalization of thyroid dysfunction resulted in a decline of PDE in hypothyroidism and an increase in hyperthyroidism. Thus, PDE might be a sensitive tool to estimate tissue-specific peripheral thyroid hormone action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Beiglböck
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Wolf
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lorenz Pfleger
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Burak Caliskan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Fellinger
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Zettinig
- Schilddruesenpraxis Josefstadt, Laudongasse, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Heinz Anderwald
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Department of Pathology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), Graz, Austria
- Unit for Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Platform for Comparative Laboratory Animal Pathology, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Applied Metabolomics (CDL-AM), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Trattnig
- Centre of Excellence-High Field MR, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular Imaging, MOLIMA, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra Kautzky-Willer
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Krššák
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular Imaging, MOLIMA, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Krebs
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Hooijmans MT, Froeling M, Koeks Z, Verschuuren JJ, Webb A, Niks EH, Kan HE. Multi-parametric MR in Becker muscular dystrophy patients. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 33:e4385. [PMID: 32754921 PMCID: PMC7687231 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative MRI and MRS of muscle are increasingly being used to measure individual pathophysiological processes in Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD). In particular, muscle fat fraction was shown to be highly associated with functional tests in BMD. However, the muscle strength per unit of contractile cross-sectional area is lower in patients with BMD compared with healthy controls. This suggests that the quality of the non-fat-replaced (NFR) muscle tissue is lower than in healthy controls. Consequently, a measure that reflects changes in muscle tissue itself is needed. Here, we explore the potential of water T2 relaxation times, diffusion parameters and phosphorus metabolic indices as early disease markers in patients with BMD. For this purpose, we examined these measures in fat-replaced (FR) and NFR lower leg muscles in patients with BMD and compared these values with those in healthy controls. Quantitative proton MRI (three-point Dixon, multi-spin-echo and diffusion-weighted spin-echo echo planar imaging) and 2D chemical shift imaging 31 P MRS data were acquired in 24 patients with BMD (age 18.8-66.2 years) and 13 healthy controls (age 21.3-63.6 years). Muscle fat fractions, phosphorus metabolic indices, and averages and standard deviations (SDs) of the water T2 relaxation times and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters were assessed in six individual leg muscles. Phosphodiester levels were increased in the NFR and FR tibialis anterior, FR peroneus and FR gastrocnemius lateralis muscles. No clear pattern was visible for the other metabolic indices. Increased T2 SD was found in the majority of FR muscles compared with NFR and healthy control muscles. No differences in average water T2 relaxation times or DTI indices were found between groups. Overall, our results indicate that primarily muscles that are further along in the disease process showed increases in T2 heterogeneity and changes in some metabolic indices. No clear differences were found for the DTI indices between groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa T. Hooijmans
- C.J. Gorter Center, Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Department of Biomedical Engineering & PhysicsAmsterdam University Medical CentersAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Martijn Froeling
- Department of RadiologyUtrecht University Medical CenterUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Zaida Koeks
- Department of NeurologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Jan J.G.M. Verschuuren
- Department of NeurologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Duchenne Center NetherlandsThe Netherlands
| | - Andrew Webb
- C.J. Gorter Center, Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Erik H. Niks
- Department of NeurologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Duchenne Center NetherlandsThe Netherlands
| | - Hermien E. Kan
- C.J. Gorter Center, Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Duchenne Center NetherlandsThe Netherlands
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Santos-Díaz A, Noseworthy MD. Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging (31P-MRS/MRSI) as a window to brain and muscle metabolism: A review of the methods. Biomed Signal Process Control 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2020.101967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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5
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Krumpolec P, Klepochová R, Just I, Tušek Jelenc M, Frollo I, Ukropec J, Ukropcová B, Trattnig S, Krššák M, Valkovič L. Multinuclear MRS at 7T Uncovers Exercise Driven Differences in Skeletal Muscle Energy Metabolism Between Young and Seniors. Front Physiol 2020; 11:644. [PMID: 32695010 PMCID: PMC7336536 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Aging is associated with changes in muscle energy metabolism. Proton (1H) and phosphorous (31P) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) has been successfully applied for non-invasive investigation of skeletal muscle metabolism. The aim of this study was to detect differences in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production in the aging muscle by 31P-MRS and to identify potential changes associated with buffer capacity of muscle carnosine by 1H-MRS. Methods: Fifteen young and nineteen elderly volunteers were examined. 1H and 31P-MRS spectra were acquired at high field (7T). The investigation included carnosine quantification using 1H-MRS and resting and dynamic 31P-MRS, both including saturation transfer measurements of phosphocreatine (PCr), and inorganic phosphate (Pi)-to-ATP metabolic fluxes. Results: Elderly volunteers had higher time constant of PCr recovery (τPCr) in comparison to the young volunteers. Exercise was connected with significant decrease in PCr-to-ATP flux in both groups. Moreover, PCr-to-ATP flux was significantly higher in young compared to elderly both at rest and during exercise. Similarly, an increment of Pi-to-ATP flux with exercise was found in both groups but the intergroup difference was only observed during exercise. Elderly had lower muscle carnosine concentration and lower postexercise pH. A strong increase in phosphomonoester (PME) concentration was observed with exercise in elderly, and a faster Pi:PCr kinetics was found in young volunteers compared to elderly during the recovery period. Conclusion: Observations of a massive increment of PME concentration together with high Pi-to-ATP flux during exercise in seniors refer to decreased ability of the muscle to meet the metabolic requirements of exercise and thus a limited ability of seniors to effectively support the exercise load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Krumpolec
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Radka Klepochová
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ivica Just
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marjeta Tušek Jelenc
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ivan Frollo
- Department of Imaging Methods, Institute of Measurements Science, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Ukropec
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Barbara Ukropcová
- Biomedical Research Center, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathophysiology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Siegfried Trattnig
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR Imaging, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Krššák
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR Imaging, Vienna, Austria.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ladislav Valkovič
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Imaging Methods, Institute of Measurements Science, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, RDM Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Hinkley JM, Cornnell HH, Standley RA, Chen EY, Narain NR, Greenwood BP, Bussberg V, Tolstikov VV, Kiebish MA, Yi F, Vega RB, Goodpaster BH, Coen PM. Older adults with sarcopenia have distinct skeletal muscle phosphodiester, phosphocreatine, and phospholipid profiles. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13135. [PMID: 32468656 PMCID: PMC7294783 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of skeletal muscle mass and function with age (sarcopenia) is a critical healthcare challenge for older adults. 31‐phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P‐MRS) is a powerful tool used to evaluate phosphorus metabolite levels in muscle. Here, we sought to determine which phosphorus metabolites were linked with reduced muscle mass and function in older adults. This investigation was conducted across two separate studies. Resting phosphorus metabolites in skeletal muscle were examined by 31P‐MRS. In the first study, fifty‐five older adults with obesity were enrolled and we found that resting phosphocreatine (PCr) was positively associated with muscle volume and knee extensor peak power, while a phosphodiester peak (PDE2) was negatively related to these variables. In the second study, we examined well‐phenotyped older adults that were classified as nonsarcopenic or sarcopenic based on sex‐specific criteria described by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People. PCr content was lower in muscle from older adults with sarcopenia compared to controls, while PDE2 was elevated. Percutaneous biopsy specimens of the vastus lateralis were obtained for metabolomic and lipidomic analyses. Lower PCr was related to higher muscle creatine. PDE2 was associated with glycerol‐phosphoethanolamine levels, a putative marker of phospholipid membrane damage. Lipidomic analyses revealed that the major phospholipids, (phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylglycerol) were elevated in sarcopenic muscle and were inversely related to muscle volume and peak power. These data suggest phosphorus metabolites and phospholipids are associated with the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fanchao Yi
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute Orlando FL USA
| | - Rick B. Vega
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute Orlando FL USA
| | | | - Paul M. Coen
- AdventHealth Translational Research Institute Orlando FL USA
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Meyerspeer M, Boesch C, Cameron D, Dezortová M, Forbes SC, Heerschap A, Jeneson JA, Kan HE, Kent J, Layec G, Prompers JJ, Reyngoudt H, Sleigh A, Valkovič L, Kemp GJ. 31 P magnetic resonance spectroscopy in skeletal muscle: Experts' consensus recommendations. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 34:e4246. [PMID: 32037688 PMCID: PMC8243949 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle phosphorus-31 31 P MRS is the oldest MRS methodology to be applied to in vivo metabolic research. The technical requirements of 31 P MRS in skeletal muscle depend on the research question, and to assess those questions requires understanding both the relevant muscle physiology, and how 31 P MRS methods can probe it. Here we consider basic signal-acquisition parameters related to radio frequency excitation, TR, TE, spectral resolution, shim and localisation. We make specific recommendations for studies of resting and exercising muscle, including magnetisation transfer, and for data processing. We summarise the metabolic information that can be quantitatively assessed with 31 P MRS, either measured directly or derived by calculations that depend on particular metabolic models, and we give advice on potential problems of interpretation. We give expected values and tolerable ranges for some measured quantities, and minimum requirements for reporting acquisition parameters and experimental results in publications. Reliable examination depends on a reproducible setup, standardised preconditioning of the subject, and careful control of potential difficulties, and we summarise some important considerations and potential confounders. Our recommendations include the quantification and standardisation of contraction intensity, and how best to account for heterogeneous muscle recruitment. We highlight some pitfalls in the assessment of mitochondrial function by analysis of phosphocreatine (PCr) recovery kinetics. Finally, we outline how complementary techniques (near-infrared spectroscopy, arterial spin labelling, BOLD and various other MRI and 1 H MRS measurements) can help in the physiological/metabolic interpretation of 31 P MRS studies by providing information about blood flow and oxygen delivery/utilisation. Our recommendations will assist in achieving the fullest possible reliable picture of muscle physiology and pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Meyerspeer
- Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- High Field MR CenterMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Chris Boesch
- DBMR and DIPRUniversity and InselspitalBernSwitzerland
| | - Donnie Cameron
- Norwich Medical SchoolUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
- C. J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CentreLeidenthe Netherlands
| | - Monika Dezortová
- MR‐Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional RadiologyInstitute for Clinical and Experimental MedicinePragueCzech Republic
| | - Sean C. Forbes
- Department of Physical TherapyUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Arend Heerschap
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear MedicineRadboud University Medical CenterNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Jeroen A.L. Jeneson
- Department of RadiologyAmsterdam University Medical Center|site AMCAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Cognitive Neuroscience CenterUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
- Center for Child Development and Exercise, Wilhelmina Children's HospitalUniversity Medical Center UtrechtUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Hermien E. Kan
- C. J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CentreLeidenthe Netherlands
- Duchenne CenterThe Netherlands
| | - Jane Kent
- Department of KinesiologyUniversity of Massachusetts AmherstMAUSA
| | - Gwenaël Layec
- Department of KinesiologyUniversity of Massachusetts AmherstMAUSA
- Institute for Applied Life SciencesUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMAUSA
| | | | - Harmen Reyngoudt
- NMR Laboratory, Neuromuscular Investigation CenterInstitute of Myology AIM‐CEAParisFrance
| | - Alison Sleigh
- Wolfson Brain Imaging CentreUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Wellcome Trust‐MRC Institute of Metabolic ScienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- NIHR/Wellcome Trust Clinical Research FacilityCambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeUK
| | - Ladislav Valkovič
- Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), RDM Cardiovascular Medicine, BHF Centre of Research ExcellenceUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Department of Imaging MethodsInstitute of Measurement Science, Slovak Academy of SciencesBratislavaSlovakia
| | - Graham J. Kemp
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biology and Liverpool Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre (LiMRIC)University of LiverpoolLiverpoolUK
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8
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Hooijmans MT, Doorenweerd N, Baligand C, Verschuuren JJGM, Ronen I, Niks EH, Webb AG, Kan HE. Spatially localized phosphorous metabolism of skeletal muscle in Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients: 24-month follow-up. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182086. [PMID: 28763477 PMCID: PMC5538641 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To assess the changes in phosphodiester (PDE)-levels, detected by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), over 24-months to determine the potential of PDE as marker for muscle tissue changes in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) patients. Methods Spatially resolved phosphorous datasets were acquired in the right lower leg of 18 DMD patients (range: 5–15.4 years) and 12 age-matched healthy controls (range: 5–14 years) at three time-points (baseline, 12-months, and 24-months) using a 7T MR-System (Philips Achieva). 3-point Dixon images were acquired at 3T (Philips Ingenia) to determine muscle fat fraction. Analyses were done for six muscles that represent different stages of muscle wasting. Differences between groups and time-points were assessed with non-parametric tests with correction for multiple comparisons. Coefficient of variance (CV) were determined for PDE in four healthy adult volunteers in high and low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) datasets. Results PDE-levels were significantly higher (two-fold) in DMD patients compared to controls in all analyzed muscles at almost every time point and did not change over the study period. Fat fraction was significantly elevated in all muscles at all time points compared to healthy controls, and increased significantly over time, except in the tibialis posterior muscle. The mean within subject CV for PDE-levels was 4.3% in datasets with high SNR (>10:1) and 5.7% in datasets with low SNR. Discussion and conclusion The stable two-fold increase in PDE-levels found in DMD patients in muscles with different levels of muscle wasting over 2-year time, including DMD patients as young as 5.5 years-old, suggests that PDE-levels may increase very rapidly early in the disease process and remain elevated thereafter. The low CV values in high and low SNR datasets show that PDE-levels can be accurately and reproducibly quantified in all conditions. Our data confirms the great potential of PDE as a marker for muscle tissue changes in DMD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. T. Hooijmans
- Dept of Radiology, C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - N. Doorenweerd
- Dept of Radiology, C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - C. Baligand
- Dept of Radiology, C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - I. Ronen
- Dept of Radiology, C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - E. H. Niks
- Dept of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A. G. Webb
- Dept of Radiology, C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - H. E. Kan
- Dept of Radiology, C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Valkovič L, Chmelík M, Krššák M. In-vivo 31P-MRS of skeletal muscle and liver: A way for non-invasive assessment of their metabolism. Anal Biochem 2017; 529:193-215. [PMID: 28119063 PMCID: PMC5478074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In addition to direct assessment of high energy phosphorus containing metabolite content within tissues, phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) provides options to measure phospholipid metabolites and cellular pH, as well as the kinetics of chemical reactions of energy metabolism in vivo. Even though the great potential of 31P-MR was recognized over 30 years ago, modern MR systems, as well as new, dedicated hardware and measurement techniques provide further opportunities for research of human biochemistry. This paper presents a methodological overview of the 31P-MR techniques that can be used for basic, physiological, or clinical research of human skeletal muscle and liver in vivo. Practical issues of 31P-MRS experiments and examples of potential applications are also provided. As signal localization is essential for liver 31P-MRS and is important for dynamic muscle examinations as well, typical localization strategies for 31P-MR are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladislav Valkovič
- High-field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Oxford Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research (OCMR), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Imaging Methods, Institute of Measurement Science, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Marek Chmelík
- High-field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR Imaging, Vienna, Austria; Institute for Clinical Molecular MRI in Musculoskeletal System, Karl Landsteiner Society, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Krššák
- High-field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR Imaging, Vienna, Austria; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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10
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Valkovič L, Chmelík M, Ukropcová B, Heckmann T, Bogner W, Frollo I, Tschan H, Krebs M, Bachl N, Ukropec J, Trattnig S, Krššák M. Skeletal muscle alkaline Pi pool is decreased in overweight-to-obese sedentary subjects and relates to mitochondrial capacity and phosphodiester content. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20087. [PMID: 26838588 PMCID: PMC4738275 DOI: 10.1038/srep20087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Defects in skeletal muscle energy metabolism are indicative of systemic disorders such as obesity or type 2 diabetes. Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((31)P-MRS), in particularly dynamic (31)P-MRS, provides a powerful tool for the non-invasive investigation of muscular oxidative metabolism. The increase in spectral and temporal resolution of (31)P-MRS at ultra high fields (i.e., 7T) uncovers new potential for previously implemented techniques, e.g., saturation transfer (ST) or highly resolved static spectra. In this study, we aimed to investigate the differences in muscle metabolism between overweight-to-obese sedentary (Ob/Sed) and lean active (L/Ac) individuals through dynamic, static, and ST (31)P-MRS at 7T. In addition, as the dynamic (31)P-MRS requires a complex setup and patient exercise, our aim was to identify an alternative technique that might provide a biomarker of oxidative metabolism. The Ob/Sed group exhibited lower mitochondrial capacity, and, in addition, static (31)P-MRS also revealed differences in the Pi-to-ATP exchange flux, the alkaline Pi-pool, and glycero-phosphocholine concentrations between the groups. In addition to these differences, we have identified correlations between dynamically measured oxidative flux and static concentrations of the alkaline Pi-pool and glycero-phosphocholine, suggesting the possibility of using high spectral resolution (31)P-MRS data, acquired at rest, as a marker of oxidative metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ladislav Valkovič
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR Imaging, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Imaging Methods, Institute of Measurement Science, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Oxford Centre for Clinical MR Research (OCMR), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Marek Chmelík
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR Imaging, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Ukropcová
- Obesity section, Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.,Institute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Thomas Heckmann
- Department of Sports and Physiological Performance, Centre of Sports Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Bogner
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR Imaging, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ivan Frollo
- Department of Imaging Methods, Institute of Measurement Science, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Harald Tschan
- Department of Sports and Physiological Performance, Centre of Sports Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Krebs
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Norbert Bachl
- Department of Sports and Physiological Performance, Centre of Sports Science, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jozef Ukropec
- Obesity section, Diabetes and Metabolic Disease Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Endocrinology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Siegfried Trattnig
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR Imaging, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Krššák
- High Field MR Centre, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR Imaging, Vienna, Austria.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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11
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Wokke BH, Hooijmans MT, van den Bergen JC, Webb AG, Verschuuren JJ, Kan HE. Muscle MRS detects elevated PDE/ATP ratios prior to fatty infiltration in Becker muscular dystrophy. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2014; 27:1371-7. [PMID: 25196814 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) is characterized by progressive muscle weakness. Muscles show structural changes (fatty infiltration, fibrosis) and metabolic changes, both of which can be assessed using MRI and MRS. It is unknown at what stage of the disease process metabolic changes arise and how this might vary for different metabolites. In this study we assessed metabolic changes in skeletal muscles of Becker patients, both with and without fatty infiltration, quantified via Dixon MRI and (31) P MRS. MRI and (31) P MRS scans were obtained from 25 Becker patients and 14 healthy controls using a 7 T MR scanner. Five lower-leg muscles were individually assessed for fat and muscle metabolite levels. In the peroneus, soleus and anterior tibialis muscles with non-increased fat levels, PDE/ATP ratios were higher (P < 0.02) compared with controls, whereas in all muscles with increased fat levels PDE/ATP ratios were higher compared with healthy controls (P ≤ 0.05). The Pi /ATP ratio in the peroneus muscles was higher in muscles with increased fat fractions (P = 0.005), and the PCr/ATP ratio was lower in the anterior tibialis muscles with increased fat fractions (P = 0.005). There were no other significant changes in metabolites, but an increase in tissue pH was found in all muscles of the total group of BMD patients in comparison with healthy controls (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that (31) P MRS can be used to detect early changes in individual muscles of BMD patients, which are present before the onset of fatty infiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Wokke
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
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12
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Wary C, Naulet T, Thibaud JL, Monnet A, Blot S, Carlier PG. Splitting of Pi and other ³¹P NMR anomalies of skeletal muscle metabolites in canine muscular dystrophy. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2012; 25:1160-1169. [PMID: 22354667 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.2785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2011] [Revised: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Many anomalies exist in the resting (31) P muscle spectra of boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) but few have been reported in Golden Retriever muscular dystrophy (GRMD), the closest existing animal model for DMD. Because GRMD is recommended for preclinical evaluation of therapies and quantitative outcome measures are needed, we investigated anomalies of (31) P NMRS in tibial cranial and biceps femoris muscles from 14 GRMD compared to 9 control (CONT) dogs. Alterations observed in DMD children - low phosphocreatine and high phospho-monoesters and -diesters - were all found in GRMD but increased pH was not. More surprisingly, inorganic phosphate (Pi) appeared to present a prominent splitting with an enhanced Pi(b) resonance at 0.3 ppm downfield of Pi(a) . Assuming that both resonances are Pi, the pH for Pi(a) in GRMD corresponded to a physiological intracellular pH(a) (6.97 ± 0.05), while pH(b) approached the extracellular range (7.27 ± 0.10) and correlated with pH(a) in GRMD (R(2) = 0.65). Both Pi(a) and Pi(b) were elevated compared to CONT and Pi(a) increased with age for GRMD (R(2) = 0.48, p < 0.001). Magnetisation transfer experiments between γATP and Pi were conducted to better characterise Pi pools. Equal T1 relaxation times for Pi(b) and Pi(a) did not support a mitochondrial origin of Pi(b) . We suggest that Pi(b) could originate from degenerating hypercontracted cells that have a leaky membrane and inadequate cell homeostasis and pH regulation. Pi(b) showed minimal chemical exchange in all dogs, while the exchange rate of Pi(a) was reduced in GRMD and might extraneously reflect low glycolytic activity in DMD. Taken together, the ensemble of (31) P NMRS alterations identifies muscle dysfunction and could provide useful biomarkers of therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, among these, two might relate more specifically to dystrophic processes and merit further investigation: one is the existence of the enhanced alkaline Pi(b) pool; the other, mechanisms by which membrane disruption might increase phosphodiesters in dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Wary
- NMR Laboratory, Institute of Myology, Paris, France.
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13
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Skeletal muscle phosphodiester content relates to body mass and glycemic control. PLoS One 2011; 6:e21846. [PMID: 21779337 PMCID: PMC3136462 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0021846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aging and insulin resistance have been related to reduced mitochondrial function and oxidative stress. Muscular phosphodiesters (PDE) are comprised of metabolites of phospholipid breakdown and may reflect membrane damage. We aimed to test the hypothesis that myocellular PDE are increased in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and correlate inversely with mitochondrial ATP turnover. Methods A Cross-sectional study in the Clinical Research Facility of an University hospital was performed. 10 nonobese middle-aged patients with T2D, 10 healthy humans matched for sex, age and physical activity index (CONm) and 18 young healthy humans (CONy) were included. Myocellular PDE and unidirectional flux through ATP synthase (fATP) were measured with 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). Intramyocellular (IMCL) and hepatocellular lipid deposition (HCL) were quantified with 1H MRS. Insulin sensitivity (Rd) was assessed from hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp tests in 10 T2D, 10 CONm and 11 CONy. Results During fasting, T2D and CONm had 1.5 fold greater PDE than CONy (2.8±0.2, 2.5±0.2, 1.7±0.1 mmol/l, P = 0.004). Stimulation by insulin did not affect PDE in any group. PDE correlated negatively with Rd (r = −0.552, p<0.005) and fATP (r = −0.396, p<0.05) and positively with age (r = 0.656, p<0.001) and body mass (r = 0.597, p<0.001). PDE also related positively to HbA1c (r = 0.674, p<0.001) and fasting plasma glucose (r = 0.629, p<0.001) within T2D and across all participants. Conclusions Muscular PDE concentrations associate with age, lower resting mitochondrial activity and insulin resistance, which is determined mainly by body mass and glycemia.
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McCully KK, Mulcahy TK, Ryan TE, Zhao Q. Skeletal muscle metabolism in individuals with spinal cord injury. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2011; 111:143-8. [PMID: 21512153 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00094.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
With increasing survival rates in people with spinal cord injuries (SCI), detection and prevention of metabolic and cardiovascular disease have become increasingly important. Few studies have evaluated in vivo mitochondrial function in paralyzed skeletal muscle. The purpose of this study was to compare oxidative muscle metabolism using the rate of phosphocreatine (PCr) resynthesis measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in people with SCI and able-bodied (AB) controls. Eight subjects with complete SCI (American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale A, levels T3-T12, injury duration 2-13 years) were compared with 12 AB controls. T1-weighted (1)H MR images of the thigh were taken to identify skeletal muscle. Phosphorous MRS was performed with a 13 × 13-cm(2) surface coil placed on the right vastus lateralis in a 3 Tesla clinical MRI scanner. PCr resynthesis was measured after electrical stimulation for 60 s at 4 Hz in SCI and AB and in AB subjects after 39 s of voluntary isometric contractions. Resting metabolites were not different between SCI and AB, except for an elevated phosphodiester peak. PCr recovery was slower in AB subjects using electrical stimulation compared with voluntary exercise (28.4 ± 6.1 vs. 41.5 ± 4.3 s; P < 0.05). PCr recovery rates and calculated muscle maximum oxidative capacity in SCI were both 52% of electrically stimulated AB (P < 0.001). In vivo oxidative metabolism was reduced in paralyzed muscle to a similar extent as seen in people with mitochondrial myopathies and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin K McCully
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Georgia, 330 River Rd., Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Chance B, Im J, Nioka S, Kushmerick M. Skeletal muscle energetics with PNMR: personal views and historic perspectives. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2006; 19:904-26. [PMID: 17075955 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews historical and current NMR approaches to describing in vivo bioenergetics of skeletal muscles in normal and diseased populations. It draws upon the first author's more than 70 years of personal experience in enzyme kinetics and the last author's physiological approaches. The development of in vivo PNMR jointly with researchers around the world is described. It is explained how non-invasive PNMR has advanced human exercise biochemistry, physiology and pathology. Further, after a brief explanation of bioenergetics with PNMR on creatine kinase, anerobic glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, some basic and controversial subjects are focused upon, and the authors' view of the subjects are offered, with questions and answers. Some of the research has been introduced in exercise physiology. Future directions of NMR on bioenergetics, as a part of system biological approaches, are indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britton Chance
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6059, USA.
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16
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Slade JM, Delano MC, Meyer RA. Elevated skeletal muscle phosphodiesters in adults using statin medications. Muscle Nerve 2006; 34:782-4. [PMID: 16881062 DOI: 10.1002/mus.20619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Elevated skeletal muscle phosphodiesters (PDE) have previously been reported with muscle-related disorders. Myalgia is a side effect of using statin cholesterol-lowering medications and, therefore, statin use may be associated with increased skeletal muscle PDE. The effect of cholesterol-lowering drugs on skeletal muscle phosphorus metabolites was determined with (31)P magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Resting (31)P metabolites of the anterior compartment muscles were measured in two groups (n = 20; age, 49 +/- 2 years); half were taking statins and the other half were not on these agents. Muscle PDE was 57% greater in the statin group than the control group. These data suggest that statin use increases muscle PDE. Our findings are particularly relevant due to the increasing use and higher dosing of statin medications. Further prospective studies should be performed to document a causal relationship between elevated PDE and statin use, in addition to quantifying correlates to muscle function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill M Slade
- Department of Osteopathic Manipulative Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
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17
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Heerschap A, Houtman C, in 't Zandt HJ, van den Bergh AJ, Wieringa B. Introduction to in vivo 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy of (human) skeletal muscle. Proc Nutr Soc 1999; 58:861-70. [PMID: 10817153 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665199001160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) offers a unique non-invasive window on energy metabolism in skeletal muscle, with possibilities for longitudinal studies and of obtaining important bioenergetic data continuously and with sufficient time resolution during muscle exercise. The present paper provides an introductory overview of the current status of in vivo 31P MRS of skeletal muscle, focusing on human applications, but with some illustrative examples from studies on transgenic mice. Topics which are described in the present paper are the information content of the 31P magnetic resonance spectrum of skeletal muscle, some practical issues in the performance of this MRS methodology, related muscle biochemistry and the validity of interpreting results in terms of biochemical processes, the possibility of investigating reaction kinetics in vivo and some indications for fibre-type heterogeneity as seen in spectra obtained during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Heerschap
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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18
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McCully K, Mancini D, Levine S. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: its role in providing valuable insight into diverse clinical problems. Chest 1999; 116:1434-41. [PMID: 10559109 DOI: 10.1378/chest.116.5.1434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle plays an important role in respiratory and cardiovascular physiology. The ability to measure metabolic changes in skeletal muscle has been enhanced with the advent of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). MRS measurements have been used to understand the metabolic control of respiration and to evaluate metabolic changes in the muscle in patients with respiratory and cardiac diseases. The key to the respiratory control measurements is the ability to measure intracellular pH with MRS. Muscle oxidative metabolism has been measured in two ways: during steady-state exercise and using recovery kinetics. The similarities in the metabolic findings for pulmonary and coronary disease suggest the potential for some interesting common pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- K McCully
- Department of Exercise Science, Ramsey Student Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-3654, USA.
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19
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Bendahan D, Pouget J, Pellissier J, Figarella-Branger D, Cozzone P. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy and histological study of tubular aggregates in a familial myopathy. J Neurol Sci 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-510x(96)00062-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jubrias SA, Bennett RM, Klug GA. Increased incidence of a resonance in the phosphodiester region of 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectra in the skeletal muscle of fibromyalgia patients. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 1994; 37:801-7. [PMID: 8003051 DOI: 10.1002/art.1780370604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if patients with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) are more susceptible to activity-induced muscle damage than are healthy subjects. METHODS Eleven FMS patients and 10 healthy subjects performed concentric and eccentric exercise with their dominant and nondominant forearms, respectively. 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (to assess inorganic phosphate [P(i)] and phosphocreatine [PCr]) and dolorimetry (to assess pain) were performed before and 20 minutes after exercise and at 4 subsequent 24-hour intervals. RESULTS Neither group exhibited increased P(i)/PCr ratios or reduced dolorimetry scores following the exercise protocols. FMS patients did display a phosphodiester resonance at a higher rate than healthy subjects (37% versus 12%), but this was not related to the exercise. CONCLUSION Unchanged P(i)/PCr ratios and dolorimetry scores following acute exercise provide evidence against the hypothesis that FMS patients are more susceptible to activity-induced muscle damage than are healthy subjects, although P(i)/Pcr and pain may not adequately document such damage. The frequent occurrence of phosphodiester in the spectra of FMS patients may indicate a sarcolemmal abnormality in these subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Jubrias
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle 98195
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21
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Yamane Y, Umeda M, O'uchi T, Mitsushima T, Nakata K, Nagataki S. Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance in vivo spectroscopy of human liver during hepatitis A virus infection. Dig Dis Sci 1994; 39:33-8. [PMID: 8281864 DOI: 10.1007/bf02090057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the changes in hepatocellular phospholipid metabolism during hepatitis virus infection, 26 patients with acute viral hepatitis A were studied by means of phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (31P-NMR) spectroscopy. The spectroscopy of liver showed six signal components in all patients as well as in the normal volunteers. During the early phase of illness, the phosphomonoester (PME)-phosphodiester (PDE) ratios in the patients became markedly greater than the ratios in the controls (P < 0.001). Within six weeks after the onset, the PME/PDE ratios returned to the level of controls. The time course analysis indicated an inverse correlation between the PME/PDE ratio and the period of time after onset (r = 0.738, P < 0.001). The spectral changes of human liver observed in acute viral hepatitis A are similar to those in the regenerating rat liver, indicating that 31P-NMR spectroscopy allows a noninvasive study of cell turnover in human liver disease associated with acute virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yamane
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, Japan
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22
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Szigety SK, Allen PS, Huyser-Wierenga D, Urtasun RC. The effect of radiation on normal human CNS as detected by NMR spectroscopy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1993; 25:695-701. [PMID: 8454488 DOI: 10.1016/0360-3016(93)90018-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In a prospective study, proton (1H) and phosphorus (31P) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were used to search for effects of brain tumor radiotherapy on normal human central nervous system. Phosphorus spectroscopy data at 1.5 T seems to suggest that any radiation induced damage that may occur as a result of therapeutic brain irradiation, does not alter the relative concentrations of phosphorus metabolites or the intracellular pH beyond the limits of normal variation (approximately +/- 20%). Proton spectroscopy, on the other hand, detects post radiation changes in the ratios of certain nuclear magnetic resonance visible metabolites following radiotherapy, particularly choline/N-acetylaspartate, and especially in regions of brain receiving high doses of radiation. Such changes may be indicative of the release of membrane bound choline during radiation induced demyelination of brain. Of interest, we have found elevated metabolite ratios of 31P in normal central nervous system prior to radiotherapy, which persisted throughout the time span of the study in both the ipsilateral and contralateral cerebral hemispheres.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Szigety
- Department of Applied Sciences in Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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23
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Redmond OM, Stack JP, O'Connor NG, Carney DN, Dervan PA, Hurson BJ, Ennis JT. 31P MRS as an early prognostic indicator of patient response to chemotherapy. Magn Reson Med 1992; 25:30-44. [PMID: 1593955 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.1910250104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study 31P spectral changes were closely monitored following the initial administration of cytotoxic drugs and related to five parameters of patient response. Pre- and postchemotherapy 31P MRS examinations were performed on 16 patients with large, malignant tumors. These included four tumor types: (i) lymphoma (n = 7), (ii) breast carcinoma (n = 4), (iii) musculoskeletal tumors (n = 4), and (iv) adenocarcinoma (n = 1). A mean of 5 spectra/patient (range 2-10) was performed following the initial chemotherapy. The spectral trends exhibited by 14 of 16 patients reached "points of maximum change," after which they began to revert toward prechemotherapy values. In 2 of 16 patients that did not respond to the initial chemotherapy regimen, no spectral trends were observed. The degree of change of certain spectral parameters, namely, decreases in PME, PME/PDE, PME/PCr, PME/NTP, PDE/PCr, and tumor pH, as well as increases in the ratios Pi/PME and Pi/PDE, were associated with good patient response and separated responders from nonresponders. Pi/PME appears the most promising for discriminating partial from complete responders.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Redmond
- Institute of Radiological Sciences, Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Abstract
Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy monitors muscle energy metabolism by recording the ratio of phosphocreatine to inorganic phosphate at rest, during exercise, and during recovery from exercise. In mitochondrial diseases, abnormalities may appear during some or all these phases. Low phosphocreatine-inorganic phosphate ratios at rest are not disease-specific, but can be increased by drug therapy in several myopathies. Phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy can also record intracellular pH and thus identify disorders of glycogen metabolism in which the production of lactic acid is blocked during ischemic exercise. The measurements of accumulated sugar phosphate intermediates further delineate glycolytic muscle defects. Myophosphorylase deficiency responds to intravenous glucose administration with improved exercise bioenergetics, but no such response is seen in phosphofructokinase deficiency. The muscular dystrophies show no specific bioenergetic abnormality; however, elevation of phospholipids metabolites and phosphodiesters was detected in some cases. While phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy remains primarily a research tool in metabolic myopathies, it will be clinically useful in identifying new therapies and monitoring their effects in a variety of neuromuscular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Argov
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel
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25
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Kaminsky P, Escanyé JM, Klein M, Robin-Lherbier B, Walker P, Robert J, Duc M. [Spectroscopy of phosphorus in nuclear magnetic resonance. General review of clinical applications to the study of human skeletal muscle]. Rev Med Interne 1991; 12:128-30, 133-8. [PMID: 1852995 DOI: 10.1016/s0248-8663(05)81376-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy enables the energy metabolism of skeletal muscles to be studied non-invasively in vivo. Relative concentrations of phosphocreatine (PCr), inorganic phosphate (iP), monophosphoric sugars (mP) and ATP, as well as intracellular pH values, are directly accessible through the spectra. The striated muscle is continuously studied at rest, during exercise and during recovery. Exercise-induced changes in pH and mP provide indirect information on glycogenolysis and glycolysis. The speed of PCr resynthesis during post-exercise recovery and the PCr/iP ratio values at rest excellently reflect mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylations. Phosphorus NMR spectroscopy therefore is of interest not only to study the impact, through hypoxia, on muscle energy metabolism of such pathologies as cardiac or respiratory failure, or to study various acquired metabolic muscular diseases, but also and above all, to detect and locate muscular enzyme deficiencies involving glycogenolysis, glycolysis or mitochondrial metabolism, thereby pointing to the diagnosis of congenital, and mainly metabolic, myopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kaminsky
- Service de Médecine J, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy
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26
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Liu HC, Chi CW, Liu TY, Liu LH, Luh WM, Hsieh CH, Wu WG. Effect of aging on phosphate metabolites of rat brain as revealed by the in vivo and in vitro 31P NMR measurements. Life Sci 1991; 48:2057-63. [PMID: 2034035 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(91)90162-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Changes of phosphate metabolism in brains of neonate, weaning and adult rats were compared using both in vivo and in vitro nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. Ratios of phosphocreatine/nucleoside triphosphate (PCr/NTP) were the same in neonatal brain in both in vivo and in vitro studies, but not in weaning and adult brains. This discrepancy may have resulted from extended cerebral hypoxia due to slowed freezing of the brain by the increased skull thickness and brain mass in the weaning and adult rats. Variations in in vitro extraction condition for this age-related study may lead to systematic errors in the adult rats. Nevertheless, the phosphomonoester/nucleoside triphosphate (PME/NTP) ratios in extracts of brain from neonatal rats were higher than those obtained in vivo. In addition, the glycerophosphorylethanolamine plus glycerophosphorylcholine/nucleoside triphosphate (GPE+GPC/NTP) ratios, which were not measurable in vivo, showed age-dependent increase in extracts of rat brain. Some of the phosphomonoester and phosphodiester molecules in rat brain may be undetectable in in vivo NMR analysis because of their interaction with cellular components. The total in vitro GPE and GPC concentration in brain from neonatal rat was estimated to be 0.34 mmole/g wet tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Liu
- Neurological Center, Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Uhrín P, Liptaj T. 31P NMR study of phosphorus metabolites in fast and slow muscles. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY 1990; 22:1133-8. [PMID: 2289618 DOI: 10.1016/0020-711x(90)90111-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
1. 31P NMR was used to characterize phosphate pools in perchloric acid extracts of muscles with various composition of muscle fibre types. 2. The white m. pectoralis major (MPM) of chickens 15 min post mortem is characterized by 1.6-times higher relative content of phosphocreatine (PCr) in comparison with mixed leg muscle (LM) of this species. The glycerophosphorylcholine (GPC) does not occur in MPM at NMR detectable level in contrast to the leg muscles. Relative amounts of other phosphates are similar in both muscles. 3. The intermediate MPM of pigeons as well as mixed LM of this species contain 15 min post mortem a very small amount of PCr and ATP but a large amount of inorganic phosphate. Relative content of GPC is higher in leg muscles than in intermediate MPM. 4. Muscles with higher occurrence of white fibres contain relatively more PCr than muscles with lower occurrence of white fibres. 5. The occurrence of GPC seems to be connected with metabolism of red muscle fibres.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Uhrín
- Research Institute of Animal Production, Nitra, Czechoslovakia
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