1
|
Gauthier SF, Pouliot Y, Maubois JL. Growth factors from bovine milk and colostrum: composition, extraction and biological activities. LE LAIT 2006; 86:99-125. [DOI: 10.1051/lait:2005048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2025]
|
2
|
Goldman AS. The immunological system in human milk: the past--a pathway to the future. ADVANCES IN NUTRITIONAL RESEARCH 2002; 10:15-37. [PMID: 11795039 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-0661-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A S Goldman
- Division of Immunology/Allergy/Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-0369, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bastaki SMA, Chandranath SI, Singh J. Comparison of the antisecretory and antiulcer activity of epidermal growth factor, urogastrone and transforming growth factor alpha and its derivative in rodents in vivo. Mol Cell Biochem 2002; 236:83-94. [PMID: 12190125 DOI: 10.1023/a:1016144016908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF), urogastrone (UG) and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGFalpha) and its derivative on dimaprit- and pentagastrin-induced gastric acid secretion and on acidified ethanol (AE)-evoked ulcer formation in anaesthetized rats. EGF, TGFalpha and UG administered subcutaneously (s.c.) 30 min before dimaprit inhibited gastric acid secretion. Against pentagastrin-stimulated secretion, TGFalpha inhibited, while EGF and UG potentiated, acid secretion dose-dependently. Intraduodenal (i.d.) administration of TGFalpha and UG had no effect, while EGF potentiated, both secretagogue-induced acid secretion in the same dosage schedule. Administration of either EGF, UG or TGFalpha i.v. bolus, in response to continuous infusion of dimaprit resulted in a significant (p < 0.05-p < 0.001) inhibition of acid secretion which was transient and returned to normal within 30-45 min for UG while it slowly returned to normal for EGF and TGFalpha. The truncated form of TGFa (amino acids 34-43) did not show any antisecretory effect when administered parenterally. Acidified ethanol produced gastric haemorrhagic lesions in the rat 1 h after oral administration. The gastric mucosal protective effects of TGFalpha, EGF and UG administered either orally or s.c. 30 min before the administration of AE were dose-dependent against this model of ulcer induction. Indomethacin (Indo), administered 15 min before AE to inhibit prostanoids biosynthesis, significantly (p < 0.001) reduced the cytoprotective effects of TGFalpha, EGF and UG and aggravated the ulcer index when administered s.c. The results show that PGs may be involved in mediating the protective effects of the three growth factors. Administration of NG-nitro-L argininemethylester (L-NAME) 15 min prior to TGFa, EGF and UG s.c. or orally, significantly (p < 0.001) decreased the degree of ulcer indices and was able to reduce the protective effects of TGFalpha, EGF and UG, thus including the role of NO in mediating the protective effects of these growth factors. In conclusion, these results have demonstrated that EGF, UG and TGFalpha have a short and reversible inhibitory effect on dimaprit-stimulated gastric acid secretion and each is effective parenterally but not orally. UG and EGF potentiated, while, TGFa inhibited pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion. In addition, TGFalpha seems to lose its activity when it is truncated from the C terminus. The present study also suggests that EGF, UG and TGFalpha are equally effective against AE-induced gastric ulcer and bring about their cytoprotective action through their reduction of acid secretion and through PG and NO pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M A Bastaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Klonisch T, Wolf P, Hombach-Klonisch S, Vogt S, Kuechenhoff A, Tetens F, Fischer B. Epidermal growth factor-like ligands and erbB genes in the peri-implantation rabbit uterus and blastocyst. Biol Reprod 2001; 64:1835-44. [PMID: 11369616 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod64.6.1835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular cloning of the partial cDNA coding sequences of the four erbB receptors and the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like ligands EGF, transforming growth factor alpha (TGF), and heparin-binding EGF (HB-EGF) has provided the basis for a comprehensive analysis of the spatiotemporal expression pattern of the EGF receptor/ligand system during the peri-implantation period in the rabbit. Employing nonradioactive in situ hybridization and immunolocalization, we observed differential expression of erbB1-erbB3 within the trophectoderm of the blastocyst. ErbB1 was strongly expressed in the cytotrophoblast but was downregulated upon syncytium formation. ErbB3 was a product of both the cyto- and syncytiotrophoblast. Despite the expression of erbB2 mRNA, the trophectoderm was devoid of immunoreactive ErbB2. ErbB4 gene activity was exclusively detected in the trophoblast at midpregnancy. The luminal and glandular epithelium and stroma of the nonpregnant, pseudopregnant, and pregnant rabbit uterus at Day 6 of gestation also expressed ErbB1-ErbB3. In the peri-implantation period, gene activities of erbB1-erbB3 were upregulated upon decidualization. At the site of implantation, uterine luminal epithelial cells apposing the preimplantation blastocyst displayed a distinct membrane immunolocalization of ErbB2, identifying the uterine epithelium as target for EGF, TGFalpha, and HB-EGF derived from both the embryonic trophectoderm and the uterine epithelium. In the luminal epithelium at the antimesometrial uterine site, HB-EGF gene activity was upregulated at the time of blastocyst attachment, but this upregulation was not reflected in an increase in immunoreactive HB-EGF. The detection of tyrosine phosphorylated ErbB2 in the rabbit placenta indicated the presence of a functional ErbB/EGF-like system in the pregnant rabbit uterus. This study provides strong evidence for a role of the ErbB/EGF-like system in embryo/maternal interactions during the peri-implantation period in the rabbit.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Klonisch
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Martin Luther University, D-06097 Halle/Saale, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Brandt R, Eisenbrandt R, Leenders F, Zschiesche W, Binas B, Juergensen C, Theuring F. Mammary gland specific hEGF receptor transgene expression induces neoplasia and inhibits differentiation. Oncogene 2000; 19:2129-37. [PMID: 10815804 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1203520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in about 48% of human breast cancer tissues. To analyse the role of the EGFR in mammary tumor development we generated transgenic mice expressing the human EGFR under the control of either the MMTV-LTR (MHERc) or the beta-lactoglobulin promoter (BLGHERc). The BLGHERc-transgene was expressed exclusively in the female mammary gland, whereas the MHERc transgene was expressed more promiscuously in other organs, such as ovary, salivary gland and testis. Female virgin and lactating transgenic mice of both strains have impaired mammary gland development. Virgin EGFR transgenic mice developed mammary epithelial hyperplasias, whereas in lactating animals progression to dysplasias and tubular adenocarcinomas was observed. In both strains the number of dysplasias increased after multiple pregnancies. The transgene expression pattern was heterogeneous, but generally restricted to regions of impaired mammary gland development. Highest EGFR transgene expression was observed in adenocarcinomas. By using a whole mount organ culture system to study the differentiation potential of the mammary epithelium, we observed a reduced number of fully developed alveoli and a decrease in whey acidic protein expression. Taken together, EGFR overexpression results in a dramatic effect of impaired mammary gland development in vitro as well as in vivo, reducing the differentiation potential of the mammary epithelium and inducing epithelial cell transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Brandt
- Schering Research Laboratories, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gutierrez O, Melo M, Segura AM, Angel A, Genta RM, Graham DY. Cure of Helicobacter pylori infection improves gastric acid secretion in patients with corpus gastritis. Scand J Gastroenterol 1997; 32:664-8. [PMID: 9246705 DOI: 10.3109/00365529708996515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For more than 30 years it has been known that gastric acid secretion is inversely related to the extent and severity of corpal gastritis. We therefore evaluated the effect of cure of Helicobacter pylori infection on basal and pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion. METHODS Basal acid output (BAO) and maximal acid output (MAO) were assessed in 11 H. pylori-infected dyspeptic patients (8 women and 3 men; mean age, 28 years) before and after successful anti-H. pylori therapy. RESULTS The gastritis index was significantly lower after therapy and was associated with an increase in both BAO and MAO after cure of the H. pylori infection (BAO from 0.3 mmol/h and MAO from 4.8 mmol/h to 19 mmol/ h). Basal and stimulated acid concentrations also increased (29.1 +/- 36.6 to 54 +/- 31 mmol/l and 72.5 +/- 46 to 120.1 +/- 30 mmol/l, respectively, for basal and stimulated acid concentrations; P < 0.05 for peak and MAO, P = 0.07 for BAO). CONCLUSION Gastric acid secretion increased into the normal range after successful treatment of H. pylori infection, suggesting that gastric function can recover to normal or almost normal after cure of H. pylori infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O Gutierrez
- Dept. of Gastroenterology, Hospital San Juan de Dios Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotu, Colombia
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hormi K, Lehy T. Transforming growth factor-alpha in vivo stimulates epithelial cell proliferation in digestive tissues of suckling rats. Gut 1996; 39:532-8. [PMID: 8944561 PMCID: PMC1383265 DOI: 10.1136/gut.39.4.532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role that exogenous transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) may exert on cell proliferation in vivo is poorly understood. AIM To investigate the effect of rat TGF-alpha on epithelial cell proliferation in all suckling rat digestive tissues and to compare it with that of rat epidermal growth factor (EGF). ANIMAL AND METHODS: TGF-alpha and EGF were given three times daily either subcutaneously (10 or 20 micrograms/kg) or intraperitoneally (100 micrograms/kg) to rats from the ninth postnatal day. Cell proliferation was assessed through 5-bromo- 2-deoxyuridine incorporation and estimation of labelling indices. RESULTS For both growth factors, the highest dose given for only two days significantly increased stomach and intestinal weights compared with controls (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). The proliferative responded depended on the dose given, colonic mucosa being the most sensitive whereas oxyntic mucosa remained unresponsive. TGF-alpha was as potent as EGF in stimulating epithelial cell proliferation in antral, duodenal, and colonic mucosae. However, EGF was more active on oesophageal and jejunal cell proliferation whereas TGF-alpha was more active on pancreatic exocrine cell proliferation and the differences between the two growth factor treated groups were significant. CONCLUSIONS These results prove for the first time the stimulating effect in vivo of exogenous rat TGF-alpha on epithelial cell proliferation in rat digestive tissues during the developmental period and support a functional role for TGF-alpha at that time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Hormi
- Unité 10 INSERM of Gastroenterology, Hospital bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Goldman AS, Chheda S, Garofalo R, Schmalstieg FC. Cytokines in human milk: properties and potential effects upon the mammary gland and the neonate. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 1996; 1:251-8. [PMID: 10887499 DOI: 10.1007/bf02018078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic and immunologic studies of breastfed and nonbreastfed infants and investigations of certain biologic activities in human milk led to the identification of immunomodulating agents in human milk. Among them were the cytokines interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta); IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, macrophage-colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, epithelial growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha), and TGF-beta 2. Interferon-gamma may originate from T cells in milk; EGF, TGF-alpha, TGF-beta, M-CSF, IL-6, and IL-8 may be produced by mammary gland epithelium. Based upon their known functions, we hypothesize that cytokines influence the development and immunologic function of the mammary gland and the neonate. Those in vivo functions remain to be defined by future investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A S Goldman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77555-0369, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Goldenring JR, Ray GS, Soroka CJ, Smith J, Modlin IM, Meise KS, Coffey RJ. Overexpression of transforming growth factor-alpha alters differentiation of gastric cell lineages. Dig Dis Sci 1996; 41:773-84. [PMID: 8674399 DOI: 10.1007/bf02213134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Overexpression of transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) in the gastric fundic mucosa of metallothionein promoter/enhancer-TGF-alpha(MT-TGF-alpha) transgenic mice produces a phenotype of foveolar hyperplasia similar to that observed in Ménétrier's disease. We have investigated the dynamics involved in the alterations of gastric mucosal morphology in the MT-TGF-alpha mouse model. The fundic mucosa of MT-TGF-alpha mice and nontransgenic littermates was evaluated in animals treated with cadmium sulfate. To mark the mucosal proliferative zone, 8-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) was administered 2 hr prior to killing. Gastric mucosa was examined by diastase-resistant, periodic acid-Schiff-positive (DR-PAS) staining and immunohistochemistry for H/K-ATPase an BrdU. MT-TGF-alpha mice demonstrated increased numbers of DR-PAS-staining mucous cells and lower parietal cell numbers per gland unit. While the proliferative zone in nontransgenic mice was located in the upper half of the gland, the zone in MT-TGF-alpha mice was located in the basal region. Overexpression of TGF-alpha in MT-TGF-alpha mice leads to an alteration in the development of mucosal lineages from the fundic progenitor zone, which is biased towards the predominant differentiation of foveolar mucous cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J R Goldenring
- Institute of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta 30912, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gangarosa LM, Dempsey PJ, Damstrup L, Barnard JA, Coffey RJ. Transforming growth factor-alpha. BAILLIERE'S CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY 1996; 10:49-63. [PMID: 8732300 DOI: 10.1016/s0950-3528(96)90039-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Major advances in understanding growth factor biology, especially in epithelial cells, have resulted from work with TGF-alpha over the past decade. It is clear that TGF-alpha is a potent epithelial oncoprotein, but equally important biological activities in normal epithelial homeostasis have been described. A number of major challenges lie ahead. Foremost is the formidable task of dissecting out the individual contributions of each EGF-related peptide in the biological response to stimulation of the EGFR. Appreciation of the complexity of heterodimerization of receptors within the EGFR family will be equally important in the final analysis. These considerations assure the continued vitality and productivity of investigation of the EGF-related peptide/EGFR axis.
Collapse
|
11
|
Wojciechowski K, Trzeciak L, Konturek SJ, Ostrowski J. Inhibition of acid secretory response and induction of ornithine decarboxylase and its mRNA by TGF alpha and EGF in isolated rat gastric glands. REGULATORY PEPTIDES 1995; 56:1-8. [PMID: 7770629 DOI: 10.1016/0167-0115(95)00121-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
TGF alpha shows structural and functional homology to EGF, but TGF alpha's mitogenic potency is greater. Our previous study showed that EGF may inhibit parietal cell secretory response through the induction of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC). The aim of this study was to determine parietal cell acid production in vitro in response to stimulation by TGF alpha and EGF and to compare the effect of these two growth factors on ODC activity and ODC mRNA in isolated rat gastric glands. 45 min treatment with TGF alpha and EGF had no effect on basal acid production but did inhibit histamine-stimulated acid production in a dose dependent manner. The two growth factors did not inhibit histamine-stimulated aminopyrine (AP) uptake from incubation medium with concentration of KCl increased from 5 to 70 mM. In the presence of specific ODC inhibitor, alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), both EGF and TGF alpha failed to inhibit histamine-stimulated AP accumulation. Polyamine spermine also inhibited AP accumulation but this inhibitory effect was not affected by DFMO. After 1 h treatment with TGF alpha and EGF, ODC activities increased to an average 283 +/- 78% and 227 +/- 64% above the basal activity, respectively. 30 min treatment of gastric glands with TGF alpha and EGF resulted in, respectively, 2.9 +/- 0.4- and 2.7 +/- 0.5-fold increases of ODC mRNA level, as assessed by RT-PCR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Wojciechowski
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Medical Center of Postgraduate Education, Warszawa, Poland
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hormi K, Onolfo JP, Gres L, Lebraud V, Lehy T. Developmental expression of transforming growth factor-alpha in the upper digestive tract and pancreas of the rat. REGULATORY PEPTIDES 1995; 55:67-77. [PMID: 7724829 DOI: 10.1016/0167-0115(94)00093-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to examine the developmental expression and the localization of the transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) in the upper gastrointestinal tract and pancreas of the rat. Immunohistochemical techniques using an antibody against rat TGF-alpha were performed on the stomach, duodenum and pancreas of fetuses (19 to 21 days of gestation), of pups during the suckling period (days 0 to 13 postpartum) and after weaning (day 25 postpartum) and of adults. The temporal appearance of TGF alpha varied depending on the tissues. In the antral mucosa it likely appeared before 19 days of gestation. In this tissue, the immunostaining was intense from 20 days of gestation and did not decline after birth. In the duodenum, the TGF alpha immunoreactivity was definitely present with a high intensity at 20 days of gestation in villi, crypts and Brünner's glands and there after became irregular. In the fundic mucosa, TGF alpha expression was weak but clearly-established at 21 days of gestation, at least in parietal cells, and regularly increased after birth. In the pancreas, it appeared only after birth and solely in the exocrine gland. The TGF alpha immunoreactivity displayed as age progressed, first a granular pattern apparently confined in the supranuclear, i.e., Golgi area, then a diffuse cytoplasmic pattern. These findings suggest that TGF alpha may have a functional role during the developmental process of the digestive system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Hormi
- Unité de Gastroentérologie INSERM U10, Hôpital Bichat, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Grupcev G, Wallin C, Emås S, Theodorsson E, Hellström PM. Transforming growth factor-alpha and epidermal growth factor inhibit gastric acid secretion and stimulate release of somatostatin and neurotensin in the conscious rat. REGULATORY PEPTIDES 1994; 52:111-8. [PMID: 7972934 DOI: 10.1016/0167-0115(94)90043-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The study compared inhibitory actions of transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) on gastric acid secretion and effects of these peptides on release of gut peptides considered important for acid inhibitory and gastrointestinal protective mechanisms. TGF alpha and EGF did not affect basal acid secretion, but inhibited pentagastrin-stimulated acid secretion in a dose-dependent manner from 0.10 to 1.7 nmol kg-1 h-1 i.v. by maximally 72% for TGF alpha (P < 0.001) and 76% for EGF (P < 0.001). At the highest doses, TGF alpha and EGF caused 194% and 698% increase of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SOM-LI) in plasma, respectively (each P < 0.05). Neurotensin-like immunoreactivity (NT-LI) increased 438% by EGF (P < 0.05), but the increase of 700% with TGF alpha did not reach statistical significance. The levels of vasoactive intestinal peptide-like immunoreactivity (VIP-LI) did not change. In gastric juice, SOM-LI increased 80% by TGF alpha i.v. (P < 0.05), but NT- and VIP-LI did not change. EGF i.v. had no effects on levels of SOM-, NT- or VIP-LI in luminal juice. Thus, TGF alpha and EGF inhibit acid secretion, but also promote the release of SOM and NT into the circulation and may be involved in the acid inhibitory effects of these growth factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Grupcev
- Department of Surgery, Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|