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Goldenring JR, Mills JC. Cellular Plasticity, Reprogramming, and Regeneration: Metaplasia in the Stomach and Beyond. Gastroenterology 2022; 162:415-430. [PMID: 34728185 PMCID: PMC8792220 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The mucosa of the body of the stomach (ie, the gastric corpus) uses 2 overlapping, depth-dependent mechanisms to respond to injury. Superficial injury heals via surface cells with histopathologic changes like foveolar hyperplasia. Deeper, usually chronic, injury/inflammation, most frequently induced by the carcinogenic bacteria Helicobacter pylori, elicits glandular histopathologic alterations, initially manifesting as pyloric (also known as pseudopyloric) metaplasia. In this pyloric metaplasia, corpus glands become antrum (pylorus)-like with loss of acid-secreting parietal cells (atrophic gastritis), expansion of foveolar cells, and reprogramming of digestive enzyme-secreting chief cells into deep antral gland-like mucous cells. After acute parietal cell loss, chief cells can reprogram through an orderly stepwise progression (paligenosis) initiated by interleukin-13-secreting innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s). First, massive lysosomal activation helps mitigate reactive oxygen species and remove damaged organelles. Second, mucus and wound-healing proteins (eg, TFF2) and other transcriptional alterations are induced, at which point the reprogrammed chief cells are recognized as mucus-secreting spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia cells. In chronic severe injury, glands with pyloric metaplasia can harbor both actively proliferating spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia cells and eventually intestine-like cells. Gastric glands with such lineage confusion (mixed incomplete intestinal metaplasia and proliferative spasmolytic polypeptide-expressing metaplasia) may be at particular risk for progression to dysplasia and cancer. A pyloric-like pattern of metaplasia after injury also occurs in other gastrointestinal organs including esophagus, pancreas, and intestines, and the paligenosis program itself seems broadly conserved across tissues and species. Here we discuss aspects of metaplasia in stomach, incorporating data derived from animal models and work on human cells and tissues in correlation with diagnostic and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Goldenring
- Nashville Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.
| | - Jason C Mills
- Section of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas.
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Ashraf AA, Gamal SM, Ashour H, Aboulhoda BE, Rashed LA, Harb IA, Abdelfattah GH, El-Seidi EA, Shawky HM. Investigating Helicobacter pylori-related pyloric hypomotility: functional, histological, and molecular alterations. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 321:G461-G476. [PMID: 34431405 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00364.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Multiple theories have been proposed describing the pathogenic mechanisms of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-associated gastric motility disorders. We assessed ex vivo pyloric activity in H. pylori-infected rats, and tried to explore the associated ghrelin hormone alteration and pyloric fibrogenesis. In addition, miR-1 was assessed in pyloric tissue samples, being recently accused of having a role in smooth muscle dysfunction. Ninety adult male Wistar albino rats were assigned into nine groups: 1) control group, 2) sterile broth (vehicle group), 3) amoxicillin control, 4) omeperazole control, 5) clarithromycin control, 6) triple therapy control, 7) H. pylori- group, 8) H. pylori-clarithromycin group, and 9) H. pylori-triple therapy group. Urease enzyme activity was applied as an indicator of H. pylori infection. Ex vivo pyloric contractility was evaluated. Serum ghrelin was assessed, and histological tissue evaluation was performed. Besides, pyloric muscle miR-1 expression was measured. The immunological epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers; transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and E-cadherin-3 were also evaluated. By H. pylori infection, a significant (P < 0.001) reduced pyloric contractility index was recorded. The miR-1 expression was decreased (P < 0.001) in the H. pylori-infected group, associated with reduced serum ghrelin, elevated TGFβ, and α-SMA levels and reduced E-cadherin levels. Decreased miR-1 and disturbed molecular pattern were improved by treatment. In conclusion, H. pylori infection was associated with reduced miR-1, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and pyloric hypomotility. The miR-1 may be a target for further studies to assess its possible involvement in H. pylori-associated pyloric dysfunction, which might help in the management of human H. pylori manifestations and complications.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This work is investigating functional, histopathological, and molecular changes underlying Helicobacter pylori hypomotility and is correlating these with miR-1, whose disturbance is supposed to be involved in smooth muscle dysfunction and cell proliferation according to literature. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition and reduced ghrelin hormone may contribute to H. pylori infection-associated hypomotility. H. pylori infection was associated with reduced pyloric miR-1 expression. Targeting miR-1 could be valuable in the clinical management of pyloric hypofunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aya Aly Ashraf
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sarah Mahmoud Gamal
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hend Ashour
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Basma Emad Aboulhoda
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Laila Ahmed Rashed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Inas Anas Harb
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Gaber Hassan Abdelfattah
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Eman Ahmed El-Seidi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Heba Mohamed Shawky
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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Diechler S, Chichirau BE, Posselt G, Sgouras DN, Wessler S. Helicobacter pylori CagA EPIYA Motif Variations Affect Metabolic Activity in B Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13090592. [PMID: 34564597 PMCID: PMC8473296 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13090592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Helicobacter pylori (Hp) colonizes the human stomach and can induce gastric cancer and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. Clinical observations suggest a role for the Hp virulence factor cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) in pathogenesis. The pathogenic activity of CagA is partly regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation of C-terminal Glu-Pro-Ile-Tyr-Ala (EPIYA) motifs in host cells. However, CagA differs considerably in EPIYA motifs, whose functions have been well characterized in epithelial cells. Since CagA is fragmented in immune cells, different CagA variants may exhibit undetected functions in B cells. Methods: B cells were infected with Hp isolates and isogenic mutants expressing different CagA EPIYA variants. CagA translocation and tyrosine phosphorylation were investigated by Western blotting. Apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry and metabolic activity was detected by an MTT assay. Results: Isogenic CagA EPIYA variants are equally well translocated into B cells, followed by tyrosine phosphorylation and cleavage. B cell apoptosis was induced in a CagA-independent manner. However, variants containing at least one EPIYA-C motif affected metabolic activity independently of phosphorylation or multiplication of EPIYA-C motifs. Conclusions: The diverse structure of CagA regulates B cell physiology, whereas B cell survival is independent of CagA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Diechler
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (S.D.); (B.E.C.); (G.P.)
| | - Bianca E. Chichirau
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (S.D.); (B.E.C.); (G.P.)
| | - Gernot Posselt
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (S.D.); (B.E.C.); (G.P.)
| | - Dionyssios N. Sgouras
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 127 Vas. Sofias Avenue, 115 21 Athens, Greece;
| | - Silja Wessler
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Biosciences, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria; (S.D.); (B.E.C.); (G.P.)
- Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Allergy-Cancer-BioNano Research Centre, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-662-8044-7210
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Li R, Zhang P, Hu Z, Yi Y, Chen L, Zhang H. Helicobacter pylori reinfection and its risk factors after initial eradication: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25949. [PMID: 34106668 PMCID: PMC8133036 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) infection is a common health problem, which is closely related to peptic ulcers, gastric cancer, and extragastric diseases. Drugs can successfully eradicate it. However, the recurrence of H pylori often occurs after initial eradication. To confirm the global incidence of H pylori reinfection and systematically evaluate its risk factors. METHODS We will search for the relevant literature through Chinese and English databases, with the retrieval deadline being November 2021. Databases include PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, the Chongqing VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database, Wanfang Database, and China Biomedical Literature Database. Stata14.0 will be used to conduct this systematic review. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis protocols statements are followed in this protocol, and the PRISMA statement will be followed in the completed systematic review. RESULTS The results will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review will provide evidence regarding the rate of H pylori reinfection and its risk factors after successful eradication. It can guide the management of patients with H pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renliang Li
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Ping Zhang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Ziyi Hu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, PR China
| | - Ying Yi
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Lisha Chen
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Hengyi Zhang
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
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Nestegard O, Johnsen KM, Sørbye SW, Halvorsen FA, Tønnessen T, Paulssen EJ, Melby KK, Goll R, Florholmen J. Clinical characterization of Helicobacter pylori infected patients 15 years after unsuccessful eradication. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238944. [PMID: 32966303 PMCID: PMC7510978 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Patients that have failed therapy for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection are incompletely characterized. The aim of this study was to characterize a H. pylori treatment resistant cohort compared to the cohorts of newly diagnosed, earlier eradicated and non-infected. Material and methods Patients were selected from routine referrals to the Endoscopy units at three different Norwegian hospitals. In all four cohorts, gastric biopsies were scored according to the Sydney classification, and symptoms according to the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale score, including sub-scores for upper gastrointestinal symptoms and functional bowel symptoms. Patients in the H. pylori resistant group were treated with a triple therapy regimen that consisted of levofloxacin, amoxicillin and a proton pump inhibitor. Results We included 185 patients, 42 H. pylori treatment resistant, 50 newly diagnosed, 61 previously H. pylori eradicated and 32 never infected. The treatment-resistant cohort had higher scores for upper gastrointestinal symptoms and functional bowel symptoms compared to the other groups except for the group being never H. pylori infected. The H. pylori resistant patients had lower Sydney scores than patients with newly diagnosed H. pylori infection. The triple combination showed a high efficacy of 91% to eradicate H. pylori. Conclusions Patients with treatment-resistant H. pylori infection had more gastrointestinal symptoms, but a lower Sydney score than patients with newly diagnosed infection. A treatment regimen including levofloxacin showed a high efficacy in eradicating H. pylori in patients that previously had failed eradication treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oddmund Nestegard
- Department Gastroenterology, Vestre Viken Hospital, Hønefoss, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Research Group of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- * E-mail:
| | - Kay-Martin Johnsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Research Group of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sveinung W. Sørbye
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Tor Tønnessen
- Department Gastroenterology, Vestre Viken Hospital, Drammen, Norway
| | - Eyvind J. Paulssen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Research Group of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Kjetil K. Melby
- Department of Microbiology, University Hospital Oslo and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rasmus Goll
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Research Group of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jon Florholmen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Research Group of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Abstract
Oral levothyroxine sodium is absorbed in the small intestine, mainly in the jejunum and the ileum being lower the absorption rate at duodenal level. The time interval between the ingestion of oral thyroxine and its appearance in the plasma renders unlike a gastric absorption of the hormone. However, several evidence confirm the key role of the stomach as a prerequisite for an efficient absorption of oral levothyroxine. In the stomach, in fact, occur key steps leading to the dissolution of thyroxine from the solid form, the process bringing the active ingredient from the pharmaceutical preparation to the aqueous solution. In particular, gastric juice pH, volume, viscosity, as well as gastric emptying time seem to be the most important limiting factors. These hypotheses are confirmed by the detection of an increased need for levothyroxine in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection, chronic atrophic gastritis, gastroparesis, or in simultaneous treatment with drugs interfering with gastric acidic output. The aim of the present article is to focus on the knowledge of pathophysiologic events that determine the absorptive fate of traditional (tablet) and alternative thyroxine preparations (softgel capsule and liquid solution) in patients bearing gastric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Virili
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Nunzia Brusca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Capriello
- Endocrinology Unit, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, AUSL Latina, Latina, Italy
| | - Marco Centanni
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Latina, Italy
- Endocrinology Unit, Santa Maria Goretti Hospital, AUSL Latina, Latina, Italy
- *Correspondence: Marco Centanni,
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Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a common problem and a significant cause of chronic gastric inflammation. H. pylori, ongoing gastric inflammation and its severity are the most critical component of precursors of gastric cancer. Hypothetically, every chronic tissue injury activates platelets, and the mean platelet volume (MPV) reflects this action well. The potential relationship between H. pylori and platelet count has been shown before. However, there are few and conflicting papers about the relationship between MPV and H. pylori related chronic gastric inflammation and its severity. The study aimed to assess any potential relationship between MPV and presence of H. pylori, as well as the severity of chronic gastric inflammation. A total of 6890 endoscopic reports were initially evaluated, and a total of 218 dyspeptic patients having undergone upper endoscopy were included. Of these, 118 (54.2%) were H. pylori positive and 100 (45.8%) were H. pylori negative. At least four gastric biopsies were obtained and evaluated according to Sydney classification. Age, gender, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, ferritin, serum iron and C-reactive protein, as well as endoscopic findings were also recorded. A p<0.05 was accepted as significant. The MPV and platelet count did not differ between H. pylori positive and H. pylori negative groups of patients (p>0.05). There were no differences and correlation between MPV and gastric inflammation severity according to Sydney classification (p>0.05). When stratifying MPV as <9.15 fL and >9.15 fL, there was no difference between H. pylori positive and H. pylori negative groups either (p>0.05). In this study, we found no relationship between MPV and presence of H. pylori or severity of gastric inflammation. Although there are still conflicting publications on this issue, in our opinion and according to the results of this study, MPV is not a suitable marker for evaluation of gastric inflammation severity, being H. pylori either positive or negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarik Akar
- Bülent Ecevıt Unıversity Medical Faculty, Department of Gastroenterology, Zonguldak, Turkey
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Sanaii A, Shirzad H, Haghighian M, Rahimian G, Soltani A, Shafigh M, Tahmasbi K, Bagheri N. Role of Th22 cells in Helicobacter pylori-related gastritis and peptic ulcer diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:5703-5712. [PMID: 31359381 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has been shown to be one of the leading causes of peptic ulcer diseases (PUDs) and gastritis. T helper-22 (Th22) cells and its most important cytokine, interleukin-22 (IL-22) are importantly active in inflammation and inflammatory tissues. Since inflammation is one of the main attributes of infection caused by H. pylori and resulting complications (gastritis and gastrointestinal ulcer), this study was designed to evaluate the Th22 cells count and the IL-22 protein expression in people suffering from PUD and gastritis. The present study was conducted on 55 patients with gastritis, 47 patients with PUD and 48 uninfected subjects. After preparation of section and extraction of protein from antral biopsies, immunohistochemistry and western blot methods were used to evaluate the Th22 cells and IL-22 protein expression level, respectively. According to findings, the Th22 cells count and the IL-22 protein expression level in the infected subjects were siginficantly more than in the uninfected subjects. It should be noted that the Th22 cells count and the IL-22 protein expression level in the infected subjects with PUD were significantly greater than those in the infected subjects with gastritis. In addition, the Th22 cells count had positive correlation with the density of H. pylori, chronic inflammation score and acute inflammatory score in the infected subjects with PUD. The Th22 cells count had positive correlation with the Th17 cells count and inverse correlation with the Treg cells count in the infected subjects with PUD and gastritis. Our data demonstrated that abnormal hyper-activation of Th22 cells as well as its correlation with the Th17 cells during infection caused by H. pylori might damage tissues through immunopathological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Sanaii
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hedayatollah Shirzad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mehrnoosh Haghighian
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Azad University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Ghorbanali Rahimian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Amin Soltani
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammadhadi Shafigh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Kamran Tahmasbi
- Department of Pathology, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Nader Bagheri
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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Hua Y, Zhou F, Chen L, Li S, Tang X. [HpaA promotes gastric mucosa injury via stimulating IL-21 secretion of T cells]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 2019; 35:744-749. [PMID: 31638572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective To demonstrate HpaA can intensify the inflammatory response and gastric mucosa injury by IL-21 from induced T cell. Methods Biopsy specimens were taken from gastric mucosa of 56 patients with H.pylori infection before and after H.pylori radical elimination by endoscope. The levels of IL-21, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP2) and MMP9 from the biopsy were detected by reverse transcription PCR and Western blot analysis. Meanwhile, the recombinant HpaA was cloned, expressed and purified to stimulate the magnetic cell sorting CD3+ T cells from healthy donors' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and the level of IL-21 in the supernatant fluid was detected by ELISA. Thereafter, AGS cells were cultured and Western blot analysis was performed to detect the levels of MMP2 and MMP9 in the AGS cells with human IL-21 and anti-IL-21 antibody treatment for 24 hours. Results The protein levels of IL-21 and MMP2 and MMP9 in gastric mucosa infected with H. pylori was significantly higher than that in gastric mucosa after radical treatment of H. pylori. Meanwhile, the recombinant HpaA promoted IL-21 secretion by induced CD3+T cells in vitro. IL-21 stimulated the expression of MMP2 and MMP9 in AGS cells. When IL-21 was blocked by the antibody, the levels of MMP2 and MMP9 in AGS cells decreased significantly. Conclusion HpaA plays a significant role in the gastric mucosa injury caused by H.pylori infection through IL-21 from induced T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Hua
- Basic Medical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000; School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Fayou Zhou
- Basic Medical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second People's Hospital of Wuhu City, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Xiaolei Tang
- Basic Medical Laboratory, Second Affiliated Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241000, China. *Corresponding author, E-mail:
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Mahamid M, Mari A, Khoury T, Bragazzi NL, Ghantous M, Abu-Elhija O, Watad A. Endoscopic and Histological Findings among Israeli Populations Infected with Helicobacter pylori: Does Ethnicity Matter? Isr Med Assoc J 2019; 21:339-344. [PMID: 31140227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori varies geographically by age, race, and socioeconomic status (SES). However, the impact of ethnicity on endoscopic outcomes in infected individuals is not well known. OBJECTIVES To assess the impact of ethnicity among Israelis with biopsy-proven H. pylori infection. METHODS A retrospective study, including patients who underwent gastroscopy and were diagnosed histologically with H. pylori infection, was conducted. Information on demographics, SES, medications, and co-morbidities were extracted from medical records. Univariate (Student's t-test, chi-square test) and multivariate (multinomial and logistic) regression analysis were conducted to examine the predictors of the clinical outcome. RESULTS The study included 100 Israeli Jews and 100 Israeli Arabs diagnosed with biopsy-proven H. pylori infection. At univariate analysis, the number of households was higher among Arabs (P < 0.001), whose family income and parental education were lower than among Jews (P < 0.001 for both variables). The response to amoxicillin and clarithromycin differed between the two groups, being higher among Jews (P < 0.001).In clinical outcomes (gastritis severity, gastric and duodenal ulcer, intestinal metaplasia, atrophic gastritis, and MALT), no statistically significant differences could be detected between Jews and Arabs. Concerning intestinal metaplasia, lack of consumption of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs resulted a statistically significant protective factor (odds ratio 0.128, 95% confidence interval 0.024-0.685, P = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS Although in the literature ethnicity seems to be a risk factor for H. pylori colonization, no statistical significance was detected in various endoscopic and histological findings related to H. Pylori infection between Israeli Arabs and Jews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmud Mahamid
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nazareth Hospital EMMS, Nazareth, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Holy Family Hospital, Nazareth, Israel
| | - Amir Mari
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nazareth Hospital EMMS, Nazareth, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Tawfik Khoury
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nazareth Hospital EMMS, Nazareth, Israel
- Faculty of Medicine in the Galilee, Bar-Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Nicola L Bragazzi
- Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Majeed Ghantous
- Department of Internal Medicine, Holy Family Hospital, Nazareth, Israel
| | - Omar Abu-Elhija
- Department of Internal Medicine, Holy Family Hospital, Nazareth, Israel
| | - Abdulla Watad
- Department of Medicine 'B', Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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11
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Abstract
In the annual meeting of the Japan Gastroenterological Association (JGA), the scientific organizing committee selected the serial topics for the core symposium. One of the core symposia held during 2015-2017 was entitled "New medical approach to functional dyspepsia (FD)." In 2015, the subtitle of this symposium was "Helicobacter pylori gastritis and FD." In 2016, the subtitle of this symposium was "overlap with other functional GI disorders." In 2017, the subtitle was "therapeutic approach to FD." During these 3 years, a total of 24 presentations were included in Core Symposium 3 and deep and intensive discussions were carried out.
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Bravo D, Hoare A, Soto C, Valenzuela MA, Quest AFG. Helicobacter pylori in human health and disease: Mechanisms for local gastric and systemic effects. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:3071-3089. [PMID: 30065554 PMCID: PMC6064966 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i28.3071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is present in roughly 50% of the human population worldwide and infection levels reach over 70% in developing countries. The infection has classically been associated with different gastro-intestinal diseases, but also with extra gastric diseases. Despite such associations, the bacterium frequently persists in the human host without inducing disease, and it has been suggested that H. pylori may also play a beneficial role in health. To understand how H. pylori can produce such diverse effects in the human host, several studies have focused on understanding the local and systemic effects triggered by this bacterium. One of the main mechanisms by which H. pylori is thought to damage the host is by inducing local and systemic inflammation. However, more recently, studies are beginning to focus on the effects of H. pylori and its metabolism on the gastric and intestinal microbiome. The objective of this review is to discuss how H. pylori has co-evolved with humans, how H. pylori presence is associated with positive and negative effects in human health and how inflammation and/or changes in the microbiome are associated with the observed outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denisse Bravo
- Oral Microbiology Laboratory, Pathology and Oral Medicine Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Anilei Hoare
- Oral Microbiology Laboratory, Pathology and Oral Medicine Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Cristopher Soto
- Oral Microbiology Laboratory, Pathology and Oral Medicine Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380492, Chile
| | - Manuel A Valenzuela
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Institute for Health-Related Research and Innovation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago 8380447, Chile
| | - Andrew FG Quest
- Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Center for Studies on Exercise, Metabolism and Cancer, Biomedical Science Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380447, Chile
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Yanyan S, Yanlei G, Ting Z, Shigang D. Hydrotalcite Can Prevent the Damaging Effects of Helicobacter Pylori on Gastric Epithelial Cells. Microsc Microanal 2018; 24:277-283. [PMID: 29952282 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927618000314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori is a major cause of gastric diseases including gastric cancer. This study was aimed to explore whether hydrotalcite can inhibit H. pylori infection of gastric epithelial cells. METHODS the gastric epithelial cell line GES-1 and the gastric cancer cell line BGC823 were infected with H. pylori at multiplicities of infections (MOIs) of 50:1 and 100:1. Hydrotalcite was added to cell cultures. Cell apoptosis and cell cycle analysis were performed to measure the situation of cell growth. The main changes of cell ultrastructure were observed by transmission electron microscopy. H. pylori cell adhesion was observed by scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS hydrotalcite could significantly inhibit cell apoptosis of GES-1 and cell proliferation of BGC823 induced by H. pylori infection at an MOI of 50:1. Hydrotalcite treatment protected gastric cells from H. pylori infection, and H. pylori adhesion to gastric cells was reduced. However, hydrotalcite could not reverse damage induced by H. pylori infection at an MOI of 100:1. CONCLUSION hydrotalcite can protect gastric cells from H. pylori infection when cell damage is not serious. It can weaken the damage of cells induced by H. pylori and decrease H. pylori adhesion to gastric cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Yanyan
- 1Research Center of Clinical Epidemiology,Peking University Third Hospital,Beijing 100191,P.R.China
| | - Guo Yanlei
- 2Department of Gastroenterology,Peking University Third Hospital,Beijing 100191,P.R.China
| | - Zhang Ting
- 3Department of Microbiology,Peking University Health Science Center,Beijing 100191,P.R.China
| | - Ding Shigang
- 2Department of Gastroenterology,Peking University Third Hospital,Beijing 100191,P.R.China
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Saita C, Yamaguchi T, Horiguchi SI, Yamada R, Takao M, Iijima T, Wakaume R, Aruga T, Tabata T, Koizumi K. Tumor development in Japanese patients with Lynch syndrome. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195572. [PMID: 29672549 PMCID: PMC5908237 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lynch syndrome (LS) patients have a high risk of developing various tumors. This study aimed to clarify the characteristics of tumors developing in LS patients. Methods This is a retrospective review of 55 LS patients treated at Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital. Results The median age at the diagnosis of the first malignant tumor and first LS-related tumor was 44 (range, 19−65) and 44 (range, 24−66) years, respectively. Of the 55 LS patients with developing malignant tumors, 45 (93.8%) developed an LS-related tumor as the first malignant tumor. Colorectal cancer (CRC) developed in 47 patients (85.4%), followed by endometrial cancer (n = 13, 56.5%) in females and gastric cancer (n = 10, 18.1%). In 6 gastric cancer patients, Helicobacter pylori was detected in resected specimens. Twenty-nine patients (52.7%) developed CRC and extra-colonic tumors; of these, 15 patients (48.3%) had mutations in MLH1, 10 (58.8%) in MSH2, and 4 (57.1%) in MSH6. At the age of 50, the cumulative incidence was 50.9% [95% confidence interval (CI), 36.9−63.3%] for CRC, 17.4% (95% CI, 5.2−35.6%) for endometrial cancer, and 5.5% (95% CI, 1.4−13.8%) for gastric cancer. Eight gastric cancer, one breast cancer patient, five bladder cancer patients, and one prostate cancer patient demonstrated loss of expression of the mismatch repair (MMR) protein; patients with thyroid cancer, spindle cell sarcoma, and giant cell tumors did not demonstrate this. Conclusion Gastric cancer incidence was high in Japanese patients with LS and associated with H. pylori infection. MMR protein deficiency caused the development of malignant tumors in LS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Saita
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Yamaguchi
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Hereditary Tumor Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Shin-ichiro Horiguchi
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rin Yamada
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Misato Takao
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeru Iijima
- Hereditary Tumor Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rika Wakaume
- Hereditary Tumor Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Aruga
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taku Tabata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Koizumi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Alzahrani S, Nelson J, Moss SF, Paulus JK, Knowler WC, Pittas AG. H. pylori seroprevalence and risk of diabetes: An ancillary case-control study nested in the diabetes prevention program. J Diabetes Complications 2017; 31:1515-1520. [PMID: 28739267 PMCID: PMC5603174 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2017.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the association between H. pylori infection and risk of incident diabetes in adults at high risk for diabetes who participated in the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) study. METHODS In a nested case-control study conducted among 421 adults with newly diagnosed diabetes and 421 matched controls, we examined the association between serological status of H. pylori at baseline and risk of incident diabetes over a mean follow-up period of 2.6years. Using data from the baseline visit of the DPP, we also examined the cross-sectional association between presence of H. pylori antibodies and insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion and the disposition index-like measure after a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). RESULTS At baseline, H. pylori antibodies were present in 40% of participants who developed diabetes and 39% of controls. After adjusting for matching factors, there was no association between exposure to H. pylori and incident diabetes (odds ratio [OR] of 1.04 (95% CI, 0.77 to 1.40). In cross-sectional analyses, H. pylori status was not significantly associated with insulin sensitivity and disposition index-like measure from OGTT. CONCLUSIONS In adults at high risk for diabetes, H. pylori seropositivity was not associated with risk of developing diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saud Alzahrani
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Jason Nelson
- Predictive Analytics and Comparative Effectiveness (PACE) Center, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Steven F Moss
- Division of Gastroenterology, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Jessica K Paulus
- Predictive Analytics and Comparative Effectiveness (PACE) Center, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - William C Knowler
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, AZ
| | - Anastassios G Pittas
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA; Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Ribichini D, Fiorini G, Repaci A, Castelli V, Gatta L, Vaira D, Pasquali R. Tablet and oral liquid L-thyroxine formulation in the treatment of naïve hypothyroid patients with Helicobacter pylori infection. Endocrine 2017; 57:394-401. [PMID: 27848196 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-1167-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To compare the clinical efficacy of tablet and oral liquid L-thyroxine (LT4) formulation in naïve hypothyroid subjects with Helicobacter pylori infection. Forty-seven adult naïve hypothyroid subjects with dyspeptic symptoms were investigated with upper endoscopy and divided into: 28 patients with Helicobacter pylori infection (Group A); 15 patients without gastric alterations (group B); 4 patients with autoimmune gastritis were excluded from the study. Subjects were randomly treated with a same dose of LT4 tablet (TAB) or oral liquid formulation (SOL), for 9 months on group A and 6 months on group B. Helicobacter pylori infection was eradicated after 3 months of LT4 treatment. On group A, after 3 months (before Helicobacter pylori eradication), subjects treated with SOL showed a greater thyroid-stimulating hormone reduction (ΔTSH3-0: TAB = -4.1 ± 4.6 mU/L; SOL = -7.7 ± 2.5 mU/L; p = 0.029) and a greater homogeneity in the thyroid-stimulating hormone values (TSH3mo: TAB = 5.7 ± 4.9 mU/L; SOL = 4.1 ± 2.0 mU/L; p = 0.025), compared to LT4 tablet. At 9 months (after 6 months of Helicobacter pylori eradication) mean thyroid-stimulating hormone values were lower in subjects treated with LT4 tablet (TSH9mo: TAB = 1.8 ± 1.2 mU/L; SOL = 3.2 ± 1.7 mU/L; p = 0.006). On group B no difference were observed, at each time point, in the mean thyroid-stimulating hormone values and thyroid-stimulating hormone variations between two LT4 formulations. LT4 liquid formulation may produce a better clinical response compared to the tablet formulation in hypothyroid subjects with Helicobacter pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Ribichini
- Division of Endocrinology (DE), Department of Medical & Surgical Sciences, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Giulia Fiorini
- Division of Internal Medicine (IM), Department of Medical & Surgical Sciences, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Repaci
- Division of Endocrinology (DE), Department of Medical & Surgical Sciences, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Castelli
- Division of Internal Medicine (IM), Department of Medical & Surgical Sciences, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Luigi Gatta
- Gastroenterogy & Endoscopy Unit, Versilia Hospital, Azienda USL Toscana Nord Ovest, Lido di Camaiore, Italy
| | - Dino Vaira
- Division of Internal Medicine (IM), Department of Medical & Surgical Sciences, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Renato Pasquali
- Division of Endocrinology (DE), Department of Medical & Surgical Sciences, S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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Eda H, Fukui H, Uchiyama R, Kitayama Y, Hara K, Yang M, Kodani M, Tomita T, Oshima T, Watari J, Tsutsui H, Miwa H. Effect of Helicobacter pylori infection on the link between GLP-1 expression and motility of the gastrointestinal tract. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177232. [PMID: 28545056 PMCID: PMC5436696 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is closely associated with the development of peptic ulcer, its involvement in pathophysiology in the lower intestinal tract and gastrointestinal (GI) motility remains unclear. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a gut hormone produced in the lower intestinal tract and involved in GI motility. Here, we investigated the effect of H. pylori infection on the link between GLP-1 expression and motility of the GI tract. Methods C57BL/6 mice were inoculated with a H. pylori strain. Twelve weeks later, the H. pylori-infected mice underwent H. pylori eradication treatment. GI tissues were obtained from the mice at various time intervals, and evaluated for the severity of gastric inflammatory cell infiltration and immunohistochemical expression of GLP-1 and PAX6 in the colonic mucosa. Gastrointestinal transit time (GITT) was measured by administration of carmine-red solution. Results GLP-1 was expressed in the endocrine cells of the colonic mucosa, and PAX6 immunoreactivity was co-localized in such cells. The numbers of GLP-1- and PAX6-positive cells in the colon were significantly increased at 12 weeks after H. pylori infection and showed a positive correlation with each other. The GITT was significantly longer in H. pylori-infected mice than in non-infected controls and showed a positive correlation with GLP-1 expression. When H. pylori-infected mice underwent H. pylori eradication, GITT and PAX6/GLP-1 expression did not differ significantly from those in untreated H. pylori-infected mice. Conclusions H. pylori infection may impair GI motility by enhancing the colonic GLP-1/PAX6 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotsugu Eda
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Fukui
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Ryosuke Uchiyama
- Department of Microbiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Kitayama
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Ken Hara
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Mo Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Mio Kodani
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Tomita
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Tadayuki Oshima
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Jiro Watari
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Hiroko Tsutsui
- Department of Microbiology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Hiroto Miwa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
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Kim SH, Kim JW, Byun J, Jeong JB, Kim BG, Lee KL. Plasma ghrelin level and plasma ghrelin/obestatin ratio are related to intestinal metaplasia in elderly patients with functional dyspepsia. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175231. [PMID: 28419119 PMCID: PMC5395142 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Whether plasma ghrelin/obestatin levels are associated with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection, subtypes of functional dyspepsia (FD), and gastric mucosal histology has not yet been established in elderly patients. Objective The aim of this study was to determine whether plasma ghrelin and obestatin levels are related to gastric mucosal histology, H. pylori infection, and FD subtypes in elderly patients with FD. Methods Ninety-two patients diagnosed with FD and older than 60 years (median age 69.4; range 60–88) were included. Clinical symptoms investigated included postprandial fullness, epigastric pain, epigastric soreness, nausea, and vomiting. According to the Rome III criteria, patients diagnosed with FD were divided into two subtypes: epigastric pain syndrome (EPS) and postprandial distress syndrome (PDS). Plasma ghrelin and obestatin levels were measured using enzyme immunoassay, and histological examination of gastric mucosa was performed. H. pylori infection was determined by histopathological examination of gastric mucosal biopsy and/or Campylobacter-like organism test. Results In our study, plasma ghrelin levels and plasma ghrelin/obestatin (G/O) ratio were significantly lower in subjects with intestinal metaplasia compared with those without intestinal metaplasia (ghrelin, p = 0.010; G/O ratio, p = 0.012). On the other hand, there were no significant differences in plasma ghrelin and obestatin levels between H. pylori–positive and H. pylori–negative groups. (ghrelin, p = 0.130; obestatin, p = 0.888). Similarly, no significant differences were detected between the EPS and PDS groups (ghrelin, p = 0.238; obestatin, p = 0.710). Conclusions Patients with intestinal metaplasia, a known precursor of gastric cancer, had significantly less plasma ghrelin levels and G/O ratio than those without intestinal metaplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Hwan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Won Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Junsu Byun
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Bong Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Gwan Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kook Lae Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kamboj AK, Cotter TG, Oxentenko AS. Helicobacter pylori: The Past, Present, and Future in Management. Mayo Clin Proc 2017; 92:599-604. [PMID: 28209367 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is a common bacterial pathogen responsible for substantial gastrointestinal morbidity worldwide. Helicobacter pylori infection can be clinically challenging, given the numerous diagnostic and therapeutic options available. In this article, we provide a systematic review of H pylori epidemiology and pathogenesis. In addition, we provide a simplified approach to the diagnosis and treatment of H pylori infection, suitable for application in the primary care setting. On completion of this article, one should be able to (1) state the indications for H pylori testing; (2) identify noninvasive and invasive tests to diagnose H pylori infection; and (3) describe the advantages and disadvantages of various treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrit K Kamboj
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Amy S Oxentenko
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
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20
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Akhmedov VA, Gaus OV. [Extragastric symptoms associated with Helicobacter pylori infection]. Klin Med (Mosk) 2017; 95:15-22. [PMID: 30299058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This review article highlights the modern views of manifestations associated with Hp infection. The data are presented about the negative impact of the infection on the state of the musculoskeletal system, the development of migraine, progression of diffuse liver disease and the risk of developing liver cancer. The paper also provides information on the possible effects of Helicobacter pylori infection on the formation of halitosis, tympanosclerosis, male reproductive health disorders, colorectal cancer, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, pre-eclampsia during pregnancy, and idiopathic chronic urticaria. In addition, the negative relationship between Hp infection, bronchial asthma, and inflammatory bowel disease is considered.
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Abstract
The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway not only plays a key part in controlling embryonic development, but in the adult stomach governs important cellular events such as epithelial cell differentiation, proliferation, gastric disease, and regeneration. In particular, Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling has been well studied for its role in gastric physiology and pathophysiology. Shh is secreted from the gastric parietal cells and contributes to the regeneration of the epithelium in response to injury, or the development of gastritis during Helicobacter pylori infection. Dysregulation of the Shh signaling pathway leads to the disruption of gastric differentiation, loss of gastric acid secretion and the development of cancer. In this chapter, we will review the most recent findings that reveal the role of Shh as a regulator of gastric physiology, regeneration, and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Konstantinou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Nina Bertaux-Skeirik
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Yana Zavros
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Lecube A, Valladares S, López-Cano C, Gutiérrez L, Ciudin A, Fort JM, Reñé JM, Matias-Guiu X, de Torres I, Bueno M, Pallarés J, Baena JA. The Role of Morbid Obesity in the Promotion of Metabolic Disruptions and Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis by Helicobacter Pylori. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166741. [PMID: 27893763 PMCID: PMC5125598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Helicobacter pylory (HP) infection has been associated to an increased rate of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and liver disease through its effect on insulin resistance and systemic inflammation. However, results are inconstant and no studies exist in morbidly obese patients, in which both insulin resistance and inflammation coexist. Material and Methods Cross-sectional study to evaluate the relationship between HP infection and alterations in carbohydrate metabolism, lipid profile, inflammation markers, and liver disease in patients awaiting for bariatric surgery. HP infection was histologically assessed in gastric antrum biopsy from 416 subjects. Liver biopsy was also available in 93 subjects. Results Both impaired fasting glucose and T2D were similar when comparing subjects with and without HP infection (24.2% vs. 22%, p = 0.290 and 29.4% vs. 29.1%, p = 0.916, respectively), with no differences between groups in the HOMA-IR, lipid profile neither inflammatory parameters. However, HP infection was higher among subjects with a BMI ≥ 40.0 kg/m2 in comparison with lower degrees of obesity (71.7% vs. 60.0%, p = 0.041). In addition, subjects without HP infection showed higher degrees of steatosis (44.1±26.4% vs. 32.0±20.7%, p = 0.038), as well as a lower prevalence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (9.3% vs. 30.7%, p = 0.023). Conclusions In patients with morbid obesity, HP infection does not seem to be associated with abnormal carbohydrate metabolism. In addition, less advanced degrees of non-alcoholic fatty disease were observed. We suggest that low-grade inflammation that accompanies obesity mitigates the diabetogenic effect of HP, so the presence of obesity should be considered in studies that evaluate the HP metabolic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Lecube
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, EASO Collaborating Centre for Obesity Management, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica (IRB) and University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas asociadas (CIBEREM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Silvia Valladares
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, EASO Collaborating Centre for Obesity Management, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina López-Cano
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, EASO Collaborating Centre for Obesity Management, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica (IRB) and University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Liliana Gutiérrez
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, EASO Collaborating Centre for Obesity Management, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica (IRB) and University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Andreea Ciudin
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, EASO Collaborating Centre for Obesity Management, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Manuel Fort
- Endocrine, Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Unit, IFSO Centre of Excellence, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Maria Reñé
- Gastroenterology Department. Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica (IRB) and University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Xavier Matias-Guiu
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica (IRB) and University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Inés de Torres
- Pathology Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Bueno
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, EASO Collaborating Centre for Obesity Management, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica (IRB) and University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Judit Pallarés
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Genetics, Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica (IRB) and University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Baena
- Gastrointestinal Surgery Department. Arnau de Vilanova University Hospital, Institut de Recerca Biomèdica (IRB) and University of Lleida, Lleida, Spain
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Cámara-Lemarroy CR, Rodriguez-Gutierrez R, Monreal-Robles R, Marfil-Rivera A. Gastrointestinal disorders associated with migraine: A comprehensive review. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:8149-8160. [PMID: 27688656 PMCID: PMC5037083 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i36.8149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Migraine is a recurrent and commonly disabling primary headache disorder that affects over 17% of women and 5%-8% of men. Migraine susceptibility is multifactorial with genetic, hormonal and environmental factors all playing an important role. The physiopathology of migraine is complex and still not fully understood. Many different neuropeptides, neurotransmitters and brain pathways have been implicated. In connection with the myriad mechanisms and pathways implicated in migraine, a variety of multisystemic comorbidities (e.g., cardiovascular, psychiatric and other neurological conditions) have been found to be closely associated with migraine. Recent reports demonstrate an increased frequency of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders in patients with migraine compared with the general population. Helicobacter pylori infection, irritable bowel syndrome, gastroparesis, hepatobiliary disorders, celiac disease and alterations in the microbiota have been linked to the occurrence of migraine. Several mechanisms involving the gut-brain axis, such as a chronic inflammatory response with inflammatory and vasoactive mediators passing to the circulatory system, intestinal microbiota modulation of the enteric immunological milieu and dysfunction of the autonomic and enteric nervous system, have been postulated to explain these associations. However, the precise mechanisms and pathways related to the gut-brain axis in migraine need to be fully elucidated. In this review, we survey the available literature linking migraine with GI disorders. We discuss the possible physiopathological mechanisms, and clinical implications as well as several future areas of interest for research.
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Mnich E, Kowalewicz-Kulbat M, Sicińska P, Hinc K, Obuchowski M, Gajewski A, Moran AP, Chmiela M. Impact of Helicobacter pylori on the healing process of the gastric barrier. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:7536-7558. [PMID: 27672275 PMCID: PMC5011668 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i33.7536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine the impact of selected well defined Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) antigens on gastric barrier cell turnover.
METHODS In this study, using two cellular models of gastric epithelial cells and fibroblasts, we have focused on exploring the effects of well defined H. pylori soluble components such as glycine acid extract antigenic complex (GE), subunit A of urease (UreA), cytotoxin associated gene A protein (CagA) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on cell turnover by comparing the wound healing capacity of the cells in terms of their proliferative and metabolic activity as well as cell cycle distribution. Toxic effects of H. pylori components have been assessed in an association with damage to cell nuclei and inhibition of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation.
RESULTS We showed that H. pylori GE, CagA and UreA promoted regeneration of epithelial cells and fibroblasts, which is necessary for effective tissue healing. However, in vivo increased proliferative activity of these cells may constitute an increased risk of gastric neoplasia. In contrast, H. pylori LPS showed a dose-dependent influence on the process of wound healing. At a low concentration (1 ng/mL) H. pylori LPS accelerated of healing epithelial cells, which was linked to significantly enhanced cell proliferation and MTT reduction as well as lack of alterations in cell cycle and downregulation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) production as well as cell nuclei destruction. By comparison, H. pylori LPS at a high concentration (25 ng/mL) inhibited the process of wound repair, which was related to diminished proliferative activity of the cells, cell cycle arrest, destruction of cell nuclei and downregulation of the EGF/STAT3 signalling pathway.
CONCLUSION In vivo H. pylori LPS driven effects might lead to the maintenance of chronic inflammatory response and pathological disorders on the level of the gastric mucosal barrier.
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Kountouras J, Zavos C, Chatzopoulos D. The role of gastric Helicobacter pylori infection in laryngopharyngeal reflux disease. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2016; 136:334; author reply 334-5. [PMID: 17275574 DOI: 10.1016/j.otohns.2006.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2006] [Accepted: 10/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Zhang CL, Geng CH, Yang ZW, Li YL, Tong LQ, Gao P, Gao YQ. Changes in patients’ symptoms and gastric emptying after Helicobacter pylori treatment. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:4585-4593. [PMID: 27182168 PMCID: PMC4858640 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i18.4585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the changes in clinical symptoms and gastric emptying and their association in functional dyspepsia (FD) patients.
METHODS: Seventy FD patients were enrolled and divided into 2 groups Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-negative group (28 patients), and H. pylori-positive group (42 patients). Patients in the H. pylori-positive group were further randomly divided into groups: H. pylori-treatment group (21 patients) and conventional treatment group (21 patients). Seventy two healthy subjects were selected as the control group. The proximal and distal stomach area was measured by ultrasound immediately after patients took the test meal, and at 20, 40, 60 and 90 min; then, gastric half-emptying time was calculated. The incidence of symptoms and gastric half-emptying time between the FD and control groups were compared. The H. pylori-negative and conventional treatment groups were given conventional treatment: domperidone 0.6 mg/(kg/d) for 1 mo. The H. pylori-treatment group was given H. pylori eradication treatment + conventional treatment: lansoprazole 30 mg once daily, clarithromycin 0.5 g twice daily and amoxicillin 1.0 g twice daily for 1 wk, then domperidone 0.6 mg/(kg/d) for 1 mo. The incidence of symptoms and gastric emptying were compared between the FD and control groups. The relationship between dyspeptic symptoms and gastric half-emptying time in the FD and control groups were analyzed. Then total symptom scores before and after treatment and gastric half-emptying time were compared among the 3 groups.
RESULTS: The incidence of abdominal pain, epigastric burning sensation, abdominal distension, nausea, belching, and early satiety symptoms in the FD group were significantly higher than in the control group (50.0% vs 20.8%; 37.1% vs 12.5%; 78.6% vs 44.4%; 45.7% vs 22.2%; 52.9% vs 15.3%; 57.1% vs 19.4%; all P < 0.05). The gastric half-emptying times of the proximal end, distal end, and the whole stomach in the FD group were slower than in the control group (93.7 ± 26.2 vs 72.0 ± 14.3; 102.2 ± 26.4 vs 87.5 ± 18.2; 102.1 ± 28.6 vs 78.3 ± 14.1; all P < 0.05). Abdominal distension, belching and early satiety had an effect on distal gastric half-emptying time (P < 0.05). Abdominal distension and abdominal pain had an effect on the gastric half-emptying time of the whole stomach (P < 0.05). All were risk factors (odds ratio > 1). The total symptom score of the 3 groups after treatment was lower than before treatment (P < 0.05). Total symptom scores after treatment in the H. pylori-treatment group and H. pylori-negative group were lower than in the conventional treatment group (5.15 ± 2.27 vs 7.02 ± 3.04, 4.93 ± 3.22 vs 7.02 ± 3.04, All P < 0.05). The gastric half-emptying times of the proximal end, distal end, and the whole stomach in the H. pylori-negative and H. pylori-treatment groups were shorter than in the conventional treatment group (P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: FD patients have delayed gastric emptying. H. pylori infection treatment helps to improve symptoms of dyspepsia and is a reasonable choice for treatment in clinical practice.
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Byun E, Park B, Lim JW, Kim H. Activation of NF-κB and AP-1 Mediates Hyperproliferation by Inducing β-Catenin and c-Myc in Helicobacter pylori-Infected Gastric Epithelial Cells. Yonsei Med J 2016; 57:647-51. [PMID: 26996564 PMCID: PMC4800354 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2016.57.3.647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In the gastric mucosa of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-infected patients with gastritis or adenocarcinoma, proliferation of gastric epithelial cells is increased. Hyperproliferation is related to induction of oncogenes, such as β-catenin and c-myc. Even though transcription factors NF-κB and AP-1 are activated in H. pylori-infected cells, whether NF-κB or AP-1 regulates the expression of β-catenein or c-myc in H. pylori-infected cells has not been clarified. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether H. pylori-induced activation of NF-κB and AP-1 mediates the expression of oncogenes and hyperproliferation of gastric epithelial cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gastric epithelial AGS cells were transiently transfected with mutant genes for IκBα (MAD3) and c-Jun (TAM67) or treated with a specific NF-κB inhibitor caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) or a selective AP-1 inhibitor SR-11302 to suppress activation of NF-κB or AP-1, respecively. As reference cells, the control vector pcDNA was transfected to the cells. Wild-type cells or transfected cells were cultured with or without H. pylori. RESULTS H. pylori induced activation of NF-κB and AP-1, cell proliferation, and expression of oncogenes (β-catenein, c-myc) in AGS cells, which was inhibited by transfection of MAD3 and TAM67. Wild-type cells and the cells transfected with pcDNA showed similar activities of NF-κB and AP-1, proliferation, and oncogene expression regardless of treatment with H. pylori. Both CAPE and SR-11302 inhibited cell proliferation and expression of oncogenes in H. pylori-infected cells. CONCLUSION H. pylori-induced activation of NF-κB and AP-1 regulates transcription of oncogenes and mediates hyperproliferation in gastric epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunyoung Byun
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bohye Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Weon Lim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeyoung Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Tel’nykh YV, Abgadzhava EZ, Kon’kov MY. [Biliary reflux-gastritis: etiology, pathogenesis and modern principles of treatment]. Klin Med (Mosk) 2016; 94:454-457. [PMID: 30289664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective. To study etiopathogenetic aspects of biliary reflux-gastritis (RG) and develop modern principles of its therapy depending on acidity of stomach contents, atrophy ofgastric mucosa, and Helicobacter pylori infection. Different pathogenetic mechanisms of RG are discussed with special reference to bile flow into the antrum as a result of duodenogastric reflux. It is shown that the use of de-nol and probiotic ProBiotic Complex for the treatment of biliary reflux-gastritis increases effectiveness of H. pylori eradicationby 18.2% and prevents the development of bowel dysbiosis.
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Ribeiro de Oliveira T, Sampaio HADC, Rocha DC, Lima GP, Araújo Chagas Vergara CM, Lima JWDO, Arruda SPM, Pessoa RRDP. [Not Available]. Acta Gastroenterol Latinoam 2015; 45:288-294. [PMID: 28586183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Infection by Helicobacter pylori affects over half of the world’s population and is a public health issue. Its prevalence is significantly higher in developing countries such as Brazil. It has been suggested that infection by H pylori can impact calorie intake and homeostasis. AIM Analyze the influence of infection by H pylori and of its eradication on nutritional status and dietary intake. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study included 124 patients (48 of whom H pylori positive, 45 H pylori negative, and 31 eradicated). Weight and height were measured to calculate the body mass index (BMI). Dietary intake was assessed using a 24-hour diet recall (24hR) in two occasions. RESULTS Pre-obesity was the highest among the eradicated patients (p = 0.011). Homogenicity was found in the dietary intake for the nutrients studied, except for saccharose, whose intake was the lowest among the eradicated group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Patients eradicated for H pylori had a higher rate of pre-obesity. The dietary intake was similar among the groups for nearly all nutrients assessed, except for saccharose, whose intake by eradicated patients was lower. This entails discussions about possibly including the investigation of nutritional status and diet in the routine procedures towards those who seek a diagnosis of infection by H pylori.
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Oluwole FS. Helicobacter pylori: a pathogenic threat to the gastric mucosal barrier. Afr J Med Med Sci 2015; 44:289-296. [PMID: 27462690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Peptic ulcer disease is a multi-factorial disorder of the gastrointestinal tract with a global prevalence affecting about 4.6 million people annually and having a mortality of one death per 10,000 cases. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) plays a profound role in the pathogenesis of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, including gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue and carcinoma. Any compromise to the gastric mucosal barrier will greatly affect the integrity of the stomach. H. pylori is an organism which mediates a compromise of the gastric mucosal barrier by stimulating increased gastric acid secretion, causing alteration of certain immune factors, penetration of the mucosal layer and provoking persistent inflammation even without invading the mucus membrane. All the different lines of therapy have not shown maximal efficacy in the eradication/cure of the infection in patients. Consequently, alternative therapies including phytomedicines and probiotics have been introduced both in the quest for better eradication therapies and in addressing the problem of H. pylori relapse. In the light of the increasing antibiotic resistance associated with current therapies, the use of herbal preparations or its concomitant use with current therapy has the potential to contribute additive and synergistic effect in the eradication of the H. pylori infection. This review highlights the anti-H. pylori herbal preparations tested and in current use.
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Zhuang Y, Cheng P, Liu XF, Peng LS, Li BS, Wang TT, Chen N, Li WH, Shi Y, Chen W, Pang KC, Zeng M, Mao XH, Yang SM, Guo H, Guo G, Liu T, Zuo QF, Yang HJ, Yang LY, Mao FY, Lv YP, Zou QM. A pro-inflammatory role for Th22 cells in Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis. Gut 2015; 64:1368-78. [PMID: 25134787 PMCID: PMC4552937 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2014-307020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Helper T (Th) cell responses are critical for the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis. Th22 cells represent a newly discovered Th cell subset, but their relevance to H. pylori-induced gastritis is unknown. DESIGN Flow cytometry, real-time PCR and ELISA analyses were performed to examine cell, protein and transcript levels in gastric samples from patients and mice infected with H. pylori. Gastric tissues from interleukin (IL)-22-deficient and wild-type (control) mice were also examined. Tissue inflammation was determined for pro-inflammatory cell infiltration and pro-inflammatory protein production. Gastric epithelial cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) were isolated, stimulated and/or cultured for Th22 cell function assays. RESULTS Th22 cells accumulated in gastric mucosa of both patients and mice infected with H. pylori. Th22 cell polarisation was promoted via the production of IL-23 by dendritic cells (DC) during H. pylori infection, and resulted in increased inflammation within the gastric mucosa. This inflammation was characterised by the CXCR2-dependent influx of MDSCs, whose migration was induced via the IL-22-dependent production of CXCL2 by gastric epithelial cells. Under the influence of IL-22, MDSCs, in turn, produced pro-inflammatory proteins, such as S100A8 and S100A9, and suppressed Th1 cell responses, thereby contributing to the development of H. pylori-associated gastritis. CONCLUSIONS This study, therefore, identifies a novel regulatory network involving H. pylori, DCs, Th22 cells, gastric epithelial cells and MDSCs, which collectively exert a pro-inflammatory effect within the gastric microenvironment. Efforts to inhibit this Th22-dependent pathway may therefore prove a valuable strategy in the therapy of H. pylori-associated gastritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhuang
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Centre of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Cheng
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Centre of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao-fei Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Centre of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital of Ji'nan Military Region of PLA, Ji'nan, Shandong, China
| | - Liu-sheng Peng
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Centre of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo-sheng Li
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Centre of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting-ting Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Centre of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Na Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Centre of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen-hua Li
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Centre of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yun Shi
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Centre of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weisan Chen
- School of Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ken C Pang
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ming Zeng
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xu-hu Mao
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Centre of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shi-ming Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, XinQiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hong Guo
- Department of Gastroenterology, XinQiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Centre of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Centre of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian-fei Zuo
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Centre of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui-jie Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Centre of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liu-yang Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Centre of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang-yuan Mao
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Centre of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi-pin Lv
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Centre of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Quan-ming Zou
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmacy, National Engineering Research Centre of Immunological Products, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Kira JI. Helicobacter pylori infection might prove the hygiene hypothesis in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2015; 86:591-2. [PMID: 25602010 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2014-309759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Blum A. HELICOBACTER PYLORI AND ATHEROSCLEROSIS. Isr Med Assoc J 2015; 17:396. [PMID: 26234008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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Chen LW, Chien CY, Yang KJ, Kuo SF, Chen CH, Chien RN. Helicobacter pylori Infection Increases Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Syndrome in Residents Younger than 50 Years Old: A Community-Based Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128671. [PMID: 26020514 PMCID: PMC4447445 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the influence of H. pylori infection on insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome (MS) by multivariate analysis of a community-based cohort study. From January 2013 to February 2014,811 subjects were enrolled in a community-based cohort study from the northeastern region of Taiwan. All subjects received a demographic survey and blood tests, including an H. pylori antibody test, liver biochemistry tests, lipid profiles, sugar/insulin levels for Homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-IR index), and measurements of adipokines and inflammatory cytokines. A total of 264 men and 547 women were included in this study. The mean age was 59.2 ± 12.7 years. Subjects seropositive for H. pylori antibodies exhibited higher rates of hypertension, an increased incidence of a HOMA-IR index > 2.5 and a higher level of tumor necrosis factor-α than those without H. pylori antibodies. We found a significant difference in the presence of H. pylori antibodies between subjects with MS and those without MS (76.7% vs. 53.7%, p = 0.007) among subjects < 50 y/o. A HOMA-IR index >2.5, H. pylori antibody presence and leptin were predictors for MS in subjects < 50 y/o. The estimated odds ratio of MS for a subject with H. pylori antibodies was 3.717 (95% CI = 1.086–12.719) times that of a subject without H. pylori antibodies. In addition, no difference in H. pylori antibody status was detected for MS prediction in subjects that were ≧ 50 y/o (p = 0.861). In conclusion, subjects with H. pylori antibodies had a higher incidence of a HOMA-IR >2.5 than those without H pylori antibodies. For subjects aged < 50 y/o, the H. pylori antibody was a predictor for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital and University, Keelung, Taiwan
- Community Medicine Research Center, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital and University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yi Chien
- Community Medicine Research Center, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital and University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Jie Yang
- Community Medicine Research Center, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital and University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Fong Kuo
- Community Medicine Research Center, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital and University, Keelung, Taiwan
- Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital and University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Chen
- Community Medicine Research Center, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital and University, Keelung, Taiwan
- Metabolism and Endocrinology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital and University, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Nan Chien
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital and University, Keelung, Taiwan
- Community Medicine Research Center, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital and University, Keelung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Santaguida MG, Virili C, Del Duca SC, Cellini M, Gatto I, Brusca N, De Vito C, Gargano L, Centanni M. Thyroxine softgel capsule in patients with gastric-related T4 malabsorption. Endocrine 2015; 49:51-7. [PMID: 25595886 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-014-0476-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The key role of an intact gastric acid secretion for subsequent intestinal T4 absorption is supported by an increased requirement of thyroxine in patients with gastric disorders. A better pH-related dissolution profile has been described in vitro for softgel T4 preparation than for T4 tablets. Our study was aimed at comparing softgel and tablet T4 requirements in patients with gastric disorders. A total of 37 patients with gastric-related T4 malabsorption were enrolled, but only 31 (28F/3M; median age = 50 years; median T4 dose = 2.04 μg/kg/day) completed the study. All patients were in long-lasting treatment (>2 years) with the same dose of T4 tablets when treatment was switched to a lower dose of softgel T4 capsules (-17 %; p = 0.0002). Assessment of serum FT4 and TSH was carried out at baseline and after 3, 6, 12, and 18 months after the treatment switch. In more than 2/3 of patients (good-responders n = 21), despite the reduced dose of T4, median TSH values were similar at each time point (p = 0.3934) with no change in FT4 levels. In the remaining patients (poor-responders n = 10), TSH levels were significantly higher at each time point than at baseline (p < 0.0001). To note, in five of them intestinal comorbidity was subsequently detected. Comorbidity associated with poor-responders status was the only significant predictor in multivariate analysis (OR = 11.333). Doses of softgel T4 capsules lower than T4 tablet preparation are required to maintain the therapeutic goal in 2/3 of patients with impaired gastric acid secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giulia Santaguida
- Department of Medico-surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Latina, Italy
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36
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Dudnyk VM, Rudenko GM. [THE EFFECTIVENESS OF A 10-DAY DRUG THERAPY IN CHILDREN WITH CHRONIC GASTRODUODENAL PATHOLOGY ASSOCIATED WITH CAGA-POSITIVE STRAINS OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI]. Lik Sprava 2015:147-148. [PMID: 26118054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The results of triple Helicobacter-therapy (omeprazole, amoxicillin, nifuratel) in the treatment of chronic gastroduodenal pathology in children depending on the duration of it's use. The effectiveness of drug therapy was evaluated in terms of eradication of Helicobacter pylori and dynamics of pain, dyspeptic syndrome and astenovegetative syndrome.
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37
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Bokova TA, Koshurnikova AS, Korsakova NA. [MORPHOFUNCTIONAL CONDITION OF THE UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT IN CHILDREN WITH OBESITY]. Eksp Klin Gastroenterol 2015:13-16. [PMID: 26281154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The article is about the characteristics of the morphofunctional state of the upper gastrointestinal tract (UGIT) in children with obesity. Under supervision there were 130 children aged 10-16 years: study group--80 children with obesity (42 boys and 38 girls) (SDS BMI 2.0), the comparison group--50 children with normal body weight (32 boys and 18 girls) (SDS BMI from -0.99 to +0.99) with different disease UGIT. It is established that in children of the study group has a higher frequency of isolated motor-evacuation disorders (6.3% and 2.0%), and combinations inflammatory and functional disorders of UGIT (48.8% and 38.0%) compared with the comparison group. It is shown that functional changes UGIT in children with obesity are characterized by high frequency motor disorders, signs moderately expressed active chronic gastritis associated with H. pylori (58.3%), occurring against the background of minimal clinical symptoms, with a prevalence of focal nature of the inflammatory process on common.
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38
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Shelekhova YV, Hramtsova NA, Onuchina EV, Kuklin SG. [STUDY OF THE VARIABILITY OF THE CARDIAC RHYTHM IN RAILROAD EMPLOYEES, WHO SUFFER BY STOMACH ULCER AND DUODENUM, ASSOCIATED AND NONASSOCIATED WITH THE INFECTION HELICOBACTER PYLORI]. Eksp Klin Gastroenterol 2015:36-40. [PMID: 26817102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF INVESTIGATION To estimate the Heart rate variability (HRV), by the method of daily kholterovskogo monitoring in the workers of rail transport (RT). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 93 persons working in the East Siberian Railway. The main group (CG) consisted of 27 patients with gastric ulcer (GU) and duodenal ulcer (DU) contamination without Helicobacter infection. The first group of clinical comparison (GCS 1) included 36 patients with gastric ulcer and duodenal with contamination of infection H. pylori. The second group of clinical comparison (GCS 2) consisted of 30 employees VT held preventive medical examination, without contamination of Helicobacter infection is not suffering from gastric ulcer and duodenum. RESULTS With the analysis of spectral and time characteristics HRV in Haug is revealed the explicit displacement of vegetative homeostasis with the prevalence of the sympathetic component of regulation, which is restored against the background of treatment. Meanwhile in GKS1 the indices of vegetative regulation had parasympathetic directivity, they were more close to the standard and did not change after conducting of the eradikatsionnoy therapy. CONCLUSION The greatest unbalance of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system is observed in patients, workers (RT), who suffer SU and UD in the absence of the contamination of H. pylori. The use of a method of study VCR in the conditions of the absence of H. pylori infection can make it possible to form the group of risk of development SU and UD in workers RT.
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39
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Dorofeev AÉ, Rudenko NN, Agibalov AN, Kugler TE, Sibilev AV, Tomash OV. [Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with functional dyspepsia, eradication rates in the Donetsk region]. Lik Sprava 2014:119-122. [PMID: 25528848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated 175 patients with Rome III diagnostic criteria for functional dyspepsia. 104 (59%) patients were infected with Helicobacter pylori. Three-component (PPI + clarithromycin + amoxicillin) 7-day therapy with the addition of the probiotic was effective in 92 patients (88.4%). Dyspeptic symptoms were resolved in 37 patients with successful eradication (40%). Persistent effect for 6 months was maintained in 24 patients (26%). Eradication efficacy in eliminating of the dyspepsia symptoms was higher in epigastric pain syndrome than postprandial distress syndrome.
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40
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Belousova OI, Pavlenko NV, Solodovnichenko IG, Babadzhanian EN, Voloshina LG. [Combined pathology of the upper gastrointestinal tract in children: current trends]. Lik Sprava 2014:85-89. [PMID: 25528840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The article presents the current views and controversial issues problems comorbidity upper gastrointestinal tract in children and adolescents (gastroesophageal reflux disease and gastroduodenal diseases). Analyzed their own long-term observations, depending on the type of disease, severity of motor disorders, endoscopic and morphological picture, infection Helicobacter pylori. The possible options for the formation of gastroesophageal reflux disease in children and adolescents with gastroduodenal diseases.
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41
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Grechanina IB, Grechanina EI, Beletskaia SV. [Impairments of gastrointestinal tract in autism]. Lik Sprava 2014:89-93. [PMID: 25528841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the article the peculiarities of the gastrointestinal tract in children with autism. Presents the algorithm for evaluation of children with autism in KhSMGC, the statistical data about the frequency of lesions of the gastrointestinal tract. The main directions of correction of digestive disorders and its results.
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Franceschi F, Tortora A, Di Rienzo T, D’Angelo G, Ianiro G, Scaldaferri F, Gerardi V, Tesori V, Lopetuso LR, Gasbarrini A. Role of Helicobacter pylori infection on nutrition and metabolism. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:12809-12817. [PMID: 25278679 PMCID: PMC4177464 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i36.12809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a gram-negative pathogen that is widespread all over the world, infecting more than 50% of the world’s population. It is etiologically associated with non-atrophic and atrophic gastritis, peptic ulcer and shows a deep association with primary gastric B-cell lymphoma and gastric adenocarcinoma. Recently, the medical research focused on the modification of the gastric environment induced by H. pylori infection, possibly affecting the absorption of nutrients and drugs as well as the production of hormones strongly implicated in the regulation of appetite and growth. Interestingly, the absorption of iron and vitamin B12 is impaired by H. pylori infection, while infected subjects have lower basal and fasting serum levels of ghrelin and higher concentration of leptin compared to controls. Since leptin is an anorexigenic hormone, and ghrelin stimulates powerfully the release of growth hormone in humans, H. pylori infection may finally induce growth retardation if acquired very early in the childhood and in malnourished children. This review is focused on the nutritional effects of H. pylori infection, such as the reduced bioavailability or the malabsorbption of essential nutrients, and of gastrointestinal hormones, as well as on the relationship between H. pylori and the metabolic syndrome.
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Adriani A, Fagoonee S, De Angelis C, Altruda F, Pellicano R. Helicobacter pylori infection and dementia: can actual data reinforce the hypothesis of a causal association? Panminerva Med 2014; 56:195-199. [PMID: 25056243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is involved in the development of several gastroduodenal diseases. Since the latest decade, several studies have reported on the link between chronic H. pylori infection and a variety of extragastric manifestations, including dementia. To identify the publications on the association between H. pylori and dementia, a MEDLINE search was conducted. Although case-control studies reported controversial data, a recent longitudinal population-based cohort study found that after 20 years of follow-up, 28.9% of H. pylori-positive versus 21.1% of H. pylori-negative subjects developed dementia. After correction for confounding factors, the infection was significantly associated with higher risk of developing dementia (P=0.04). Moreover, in another study evaluating the effect of H. pylori eradication on the progression of dementia in Alzheimer's disease patients with peptic ulcer, the cure of the bacterium was associated with a decreased risk of dementia progression compared to persistent infection. To date, defining H. pylori as a target for prevention or treatment of dementia remains a topic with much controversy but of essence, as any relationship would reduce, due to the cost-effectiveness of the therapy, a burden on the National Health Care budget. The need for extensive studies with appropriate epidemiological and clinical approaches is crucial to investigate a potential causal relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Adriani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Molinette Hospital, Turin, Italy -
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44
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Kandelaki S, Kordzaia D. Helicobacter and hepatobiliary diseases: conceptual view and review of the literature. Georgian Med News 2014:92-8. [PMID: 25214281 DOI: pmid/25214281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Authors conducted the analysis of multiple data concerning the possible role of Helicobacters in pathogenesis of different hepato-biliary disorders in clinical as well as in experimental settings. Two pathways of Helicobacters penetration into hepato-biliary system - "translocation" and "ascending way" - are discussed. Selection of "control group" in both - clinical and experimental studies - is identified as one of crucial problems. It is concluded, that there is a need for further clinical and experimental studies to determine the participation of different Helicobacters in the initiation/pathogenesis of the hepatobiliary system. It is important to develop reliable experimental model, where only Helicobacters cause the pathology of liver and bile tract and where the selection of "adequate control group" is possible. For the identification of helicobacter strains in humans (where the problem of "adequate control group" selection will always remain), it is greatly important to conduct the complex study of multiple data of histological (immunohistochemical, fluorescence, etc.), cultural and molecular investigations of helicobacter species with subsequent phylogenetic analyses in different hepatobiliary diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kandelaki
- Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University; Al. Natishvili Institute of Morphology, Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Georgia
| | - D Kordzaia
- Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University; Al. Natishvili Institute of Morphology, Iv. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Georgia
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45
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Hagymási K, Tulassay Z. Helicobacter pylori infection: New pathogenetic and clinical aspects. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:6386-6399. [PMID: 24914360 PMCID: PMC4047324 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i21.6386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Revised: 11/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infects more than half of the world’s human population, but only 1% to 3% of infected people consequently develop gastric adenocarcinomas. The clinical outcome of the infection is determined by host genetic predisposition, bacterial virulence factors, and environmental factors. The association between H. pylori infection and chronic active gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, gastric cell carcinoma, and B cell mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma has been well established. With the exception of unexplained iron deficiency anemia and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, H. pylori infection has no proven role in extraintestinal diseases. On the other hand, there is data showing that H. pylori infection could be beneficial for some human diseases. The unpredictability of the long-term consequences of H. pylori infection and the economic challenge in eradicating it is why identification of high-risk individuals is crucial.
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Shmuely H, Wattad M, Solodky A, Yahav J, Samra Z, Zafrir N. Association of Helicobacter pylori with coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction assessed by myocardial perfusion imaging. Isr Med Assoc J 2014; 16:341-346. [PMID: 25058994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and coronary artery disease (CAD) has as yet not been fully examined. The myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) stress test has proven its efficacy as an integral part of diagnosing CAD. OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between CAD and H. pylori infection using MPI. METHODS This prospective study evaluated CAD positivity among consecutive patients referred to a tertiary medical center for a stress/rest MPI. All patients were tested for serum anti-H. pylori and CagA protein immunoglobulin G antibodies. The CAD positivity group included patients with ischemia and/or myocardial infarction (MA) on a stress MPI, coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG), or percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). CAD-negative subjects were defined as participants with a normal MPI, no pathological Q waves in resting ECG tracing, and no history of CAD. Both groups were compared for H. pylori and CagA seropositivity. Patients' demographic data, risk factors for CAD, and childhood socioeconomic status were recorded. RESULTS The study group consisted of 300 consecutive patients, 170 men and 130 women; 64% (110/173) CAD-positive patients and 47% (60/127) CAD-negative participants were found seropositive for H. pylori infection (P = 0.005). In the adjusted analysis, H. pylori infection was found to be associated with CAD positivity (odds ratio 1.83, 95% confidence interval 1.06-3.17, P = 0.031), and MI (fixed perfusion defects on MPI) (OR 3.36, 95% CI 1.44-7.84, P = 0.005). No association was noted with CagA positivity. CONCLUSIONS In patients undergoing a stress MPI, serum anti-H. pylori antibodies positivity was found to be associated with CAD, independent of traditional cardiovascular risk factors.
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García A, Salas-Jara MJ, Herrera C, González C. Biofilm and Helicobacter pylori: From environment to human host. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:5632-5638. [PMID: 24914322 PMCID: PMC4024771 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i19.5632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2013] [Revised: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a Gram negative pathogen that selectively colonizes the human gastric epithelium. Over 50% of the world population is infected with H. pylori reaching up to 90% of infected individuals in developing countries. Nonetheless the increased impact upon public health care, its reservoir and the transmission pathway of the species has not been clearly established yet. Molecular studies allowed the detection of H. pylori in various aquatic environments, even forming biofilm in tap water distribution systems in several countries, suggesting a role of water as a possible reservoir of the pathogen. The persistence of human infection with H. pylori and the resistance of clinical isolates to commonly used antibiotics in eradication therapy have been related to the genetic variability of the species and its ability to develop biofilm, demonstrated both in vivo and in vitro experiments. Thus, during the last years, experimental work with this pathogen has been focused in the search for biofilm inhibitors and biofilm destabilizing agents. However, only two anti- H. pylori biofilm disrupting agents have been successfully used: Curcumin - a natural dye - and N-acetyl cysteine - a mucolytic agent used in respiratory diseases. The main goal of this review was to discuss the evidences available in the literature supporting the ability of H. pylori to form biofilm upon various surfaces in aquatic environments, both in vivo and in vitro. The results published and our own observations suggest that the ability of H. pylori to form biofilm may be important for surviving under stress conditions or in the spread of the infection among humans, mainly through natural water sources and water distribution systems.
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48
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Budzyński J, Kłopocka M. Brain-gut axis in the pathogenesis of Helicobacter pylori infection. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:5212-5225. [PMID: 24833851 PMCID: PMC4017036 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i18.5212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 01/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the main pathogenic factor for upper digestive tract organic diseases. In addition to direct cytotoxic and proinflammatory effects, H. pylori infection may also induce abnormalities indirectly by affecting the brain-gut axis, similar to other microorganisms present in the alimentary tract. The brain-gut axis integrates the central, peripheral, enteric and autonomic nervous systems, as well as the endocrine and immunological systems, with gastrointestinal functions and environmental stimuli, including gastric and intestinal microbiota. The bidirectional relationship between H. pylori infection and the brain-gut axis influences both the contagion process and the host’s neuroendocrine-immunological reaction to it, resulting in alterations in cognitive functions, food intake and appetite, immunological response, and modification of symptom sensitivity thresholds. Furthermore, disturbances in the upper and lower digestive tract permeability, motility and secretion can occur, mainly as a form of irritable bowel syndrome. Many of these abnormalities disappear following H. pylori eradication. H. pylori may have direct neurotoxic effects that lead to alteration of the brain-gut axis through the activation of neurogenic inflammatory processes, or by microelement deficiency secondary to functional and morphological changes in the digestive tract. In digestive tissue, H. pylori can alter signaling in the brain-gut axis by mast cells, the main brain-gut axis effector, as H. pylori infection is associated with decreased mast cell infiltration in the digestive tract. Nevertheless, unequivocal data concerning the direct and immediate effect of H. pylori infection on the brain-gut axis are still lacking. Therefore, further studies evaluating the clinical importance of these host-bacteria interactions will improve our understanding of H. pylori infection pathophysiology and suggest new therapeutic approaches.
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49
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Tsimmerman IS. [On the article "Clinical significance of Helicobacter pylori infection" by prof. Maev I.V. et al]. Klin Med (Mosk) 2014; 92:74-79. [PMID: 25782313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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50
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Jażdżyk M, Sałagacka A, Zebrowska M, Balcerczak M, Mirowski M, Balcerczak E. ABCB1 expression in peptic ulcer patients and its connection with H. pylori Infection. Ann Clin Lab Sci 2014; 44:294-297. [PMID: 25117101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Glycoprotein P, encoded by the ABCB1 gene, plays an important role in gastric mucosa homeostasis and can influence the eradication therapy outcome in H. pylori-infected individuals. In the study we examined the ABCB1 expression level in 128 peptic ulcer patients by real-time PCR. There was no correlation between gene expression and the presence of H. pylori or the H. pylori infection intensity. The expression level did not differ between women and men. However, the levels were higher in patients who were over 54 years old than those who were aged up to 54 years old. As ABCB1 expression is largely determined by genetic polymorphisms, in the future, expression data will be related to the patients' ABCB1 genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Jażdżyk
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz
| | - Aleksandra Sałagacka
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz
| | - Marta Zebrowska
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz
| | | | - Marek Mirowski
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz
| | - Ewa Balcerczak
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Pharmacogenomics, Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, Medical University of Lodz
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