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Gumusoglu SB, Chilukuri ASS, Hing BWQ, Scroggins SM, Kundu S, Sandgren JA, Santillan MK, Santillan DA, Grobe JL, Stevens HE. Altered offspring neurodevelopment in an arginine vasopressin preeclampsia model. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:79. [PMID: 33510137 PMCID: PMC7844013 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01205-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a severe gestational hypertensive condition linked to child neuropsychiatric disorders, although underlying mechanisms are unclear. We used a recently developed, clinically relevant animal model of preeclampsia to assess offspring. C57BL/6J mouse dams were chronically infused with arginine vasopressin (AVP) or saline (24 ng/h) throughout pregnancy. Adult offspring were behaviorally tested (Y-maze, open field, rotarod, social approach, and elevated plus maze). Offspring brain was assessed histologically and by RNA sequencing. Preeclampsia-exposed adult males exhibited increased anxiety-like behavior and social approach while adult females exhibited impaired procedural learning. Adult AVP-exposed males had reduced total neocortical volume. Adult AVP-exposed females had increased caudate-putamen volume, increased caudate-putamen cell number, and decreased excitatory synapse density in hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG), CA1, and CA3. At postnatal day 7 (P7), AVP-exposed male and female offspring both had smaller neocortex. At P7, AVP-exposed males also had smaller caudate-putamen volume, while females had increased caudate-putamen volume relative to neocortical size. Similar to P7, E18 AVP-exposed offspring had smaller dorsal forebrain, mainly in reduced intermediate, subventricular, and ventricular zone volume, particularly in males. Decreased volume was not accounted for by cell size or cerebrovascular vessel diameter changes. E18 cortical RNAseq revealed 49 differentially-expressed genes in male AVP-exposed offspring, over-representing cytoplasmic translation processes. In females, 31 genes were differentially-expressed, over-representing collagen-related and epithelial regulation pathways. Gene expression changes in E18 AVP-exposed placenta indicated potential underlying mechanisms. Deficits in behavior and forebrain development in this AVP-based preeclampsia model were distinctly different in males and females, implicating different neurobiological bases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Banu Gumusoglu
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | - Akanksha Sri Satya Chilukuri
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Benjamin Wen Qing Hing
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sabrina Marie Scroggins
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sreelekha Kundu
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Jeremy Anton Sandgren
- Department of Pharmacology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Mark Kharim Santillan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Donna Ann Santillan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Justin Lewis Grobe
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Hanna Elizabeth Stevens
- Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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2
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Patti MA, Li N, Eliot M, Newschaffer C, Yolton K, Khoury J, Chen A, Lanphear BP, Lyall K, Hertz-Picciotto I, Fallin MD, Croen LA, Braun JM. Association between self-reported caffeine intake during pregnancy and social responsiveness scores in childhood: The EARLI and HOME studies. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0245079. [PMID: 33449933 PMCID: PMC7810310 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal nutrition during gestation has been investigated for its role in child neurodevelopment. However, little is known about the potential impact of gestational caffeine exposure on child autistic behaviors. Here, we assess the relation between maternal caffeine intake during pregnancy and children's behavioral traits related to Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). We harmonized data from two pregnancy cohorts, Early Autism Risk Longitudinal Investigation (EARLI) (n = 120), an enriched-risk cohort of mothers who previously had a child with ASD, from Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Northern California (2009-2012), and the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study (n = 269), a general population cohort from Cincinnati, Ohio (2003-2006). Mothers self-reported caffeine intake twice during pregnancy. Caregivers reported child behavioral traits related to ASD using the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS) when children were aged 3-8 years. Higher scores indicate more ASD-related behaviors. We estimated covariate-adjusted differences in continuous SRS T-scores per interquartile range increase in caffeine intake. Self-reported caffeine intake during pregnancy was positively associated with SRS T-scores among children in EARLI (β: 2.0; 95% CI -0.1, 4.0), but to a lesser extent in HOME (β: 0.6; 95% CI -0.5, 1.6). In HOME, pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) modified the association between caffeine intake and SRS T-scores, where more positive associations were observed among women with higher BMIs. Our findings suggest gestational caffeine intake may represent a marker of vulnerability to childhood ASD-related behaviors. Additional studies are warranted to extend these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa A. Patti
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Melissa Eliot
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Craig Newschaffer
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- College of Health & Human Development, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kimberly Yolton
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jane Khoury
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Aimin Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Bruce P. Lanphear
- Department of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kristen Lyall
- A.J. Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Irva Hertz-Picciotto
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Margaret Daniele Fallin
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lisa A. Croen
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - Joseph M. Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
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Abstract
Two sets of evidence reviewed herein, one indicating that prenatal stress is associated with elevated behavioral and physiological dysregulation and the other that such phenotypic functioning is itself associated with heightened susceptibility to positive and negative environmental influences postnatally, raises the intriguing hypothesis first advanced by Pluess and Belsky (2011) that prenatal stress fosters, promotes, or "programs" postnatal developmental plasticity. Here we review further evidence consistent with this proposition, including new experimental research systematically manipulating both prenatal stress and postnatal rearing. Collectively this work would seem to explain why prenatal stress has so consistently been linked to problematic development: stresses encountered prenatally are likely to continue postnatally, thereby adversely affecting the development of children programmed (by prenatal stress) to be especially susceptible to environmental effects. Less investigated are the potential benefits prenatal stress may promote, due to increased plasticity, when the postnatal environment proves to be favorable. Future directions of research pertaining to potential mechanisms instantiating postnatal plasticity and moderators of such prenatal-programming effects are outlined.
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4
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Hartman S, Belsky J. Prenatal stress and enhanced developmental plasticity. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018; 125:1759-1779. [PMID: 30206701 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1926-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Two separate lines of inquiry indicate (a) that prenatal stress is associated with heightened behavioral and physiological reactivity, and (b) that these postnatal phenotypes are associated with increased susceptibility to both positive and negative developmental experiences and environmental exposures. This research considered together raises the intriguing hypothesis first advanced by Pluess and Belsky (Dev Psychopathol 23:29-38, 2011) that prenatal-stress fosters, promotes or "programs" postnatal developmental plasticity. In this paper, we review further evidence consistent with this proposition, including a novel animal study which experimentally manipulated both prenatal stress and postnatal rearing. Directions for future work focused on mechanisms mediating the plasticity-inducing effects of prenatal stress and the moderators of such effects are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hartman
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of California, One Shields Avenue, 3321 Hart Hall, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Jay Belsky
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of California, One Shields Avenue, 3321 Hart Hall, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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Hartman S, Freeman SM, Bales KL, Belsky J. Prenatal Stress as a Risk-and an Opportunity-Factor. Psychol Sci 2018; 29:572-580. [PMID: 29412055 DOI: 10.1177/0956797617739983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Two separate lines of research indicate (a) that prenatal stress is associated with heightened behavioral and physiological reactivity and (b) that these postnatal phenotypes are associated with increased susceptibility to both positive and negative developmental experiences. Therefore, prenatal stress may increase sensitivity to the rearing environment. We tested this hypothesis by manipulating prenatal stress and rearing-environment quality, using a cross-fostering paradigm, in prairie voles. Results showed that prenatally stressed voles, as adults, displayed the highest behavioral and physiological reactivity when cross-fostered to low-contact (i.e., low-quality) rearing but the lowest behavioral and physiological reactivity when cross-fostered to high-contact (i.e., high-quality) rearing; non-prenatally stressed voles showed no effect of rearing condition. Additionally, while neither prenatal stress nor rearing condition affected oxytocin receptor binding, prenatally stressed voles cross-fostered to high-contact rearing showed the highest vasopressin-1a receptor binding in the amygdala. Results indicate that prenatal stress induces greater environmental sensitivity, making it both a risk and an opportunity factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hartman
- 1 Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis
| | - Sara M Freeman
- 2 Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis.,3 California National Primate Research Center, Davis, California
| | - Karen L Bales
- 2 Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis.,3 California National Primate Research Center, Davis, California
| | - Jay Belsky
- 1 Department of Human Ecology, University of California, Davis
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Porciúncula LO, Sallaberry C, Mioranzza S, Botton PHS, Rosemberg DB. The Janus face of caffeine. Neurochem Int 2013; 63:594-609. [PMID: 24055856 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Caffeine is certainly the psychostimulant substance most consumed worldwide. Over the past years, chronic consumption of caffeine has been associated with prevention of cognitive decline associated to aging and mnemonic deficits of brain disorders. While its preventive effects have been reported extensively, the cognitive enhancer properties of caffeine are relatively under debate. Surprisingly, there are scarce detailed ontogenetic studies focusing on neurochemical parameters related to the effects of caffeine during prenatal and earlier postnatal periods. Furthermore, despite the large number of epidemiological studies, it remains unclear how safe is caffeine consumption during pregnancy and brain development. Thus, the purpose of this article is to review what is currently known about the actions of caffeine intake on neurobehavioral and adenosinergic system during brain development. We also reviewed other neurochemical systems affected by caffeine, but not only during brain development. Besides, some recent epidemiological studies were also outlined with the control of "pregnancy signal" as confounding variable. The idea is to tease out how studies on the impact of caffeine consumption during brain development deserve more attention and further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisiane O Porciúncula
- Laboratório de Estudos sobre o Sistema Purinérgico, Departamento de Bioquímica/ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-anexo, Porto Alegre/RS, Brazil.
| | - Cássia Sallaberry
- Laboratório de Estudos sobre o Sistema Purinérgico, Departamento de Bioquímica/ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-anexo, Porto Alegre/RS, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Mioranzza
- Laboratório de Estudos sobre o Sistema Purinérgico, Departamento de Bioquímica/ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-anexo, Porto Alegre/RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique S Botton
- Laboratório de Estudos sobre o Sistema Purinérgico, Departamento de Bioquímica/ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-anexo, Porto Alegre/RS, Brazil
| | - Denis B Rosemberg
- Laboratório de Estudos sobre o Sistema Purinérgico, Departamento de Bioquímica/ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600-anexo, Porto Alegre/RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Genética e Ecotoxicologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Área de Ciências Exatas e Ambientais, Universidade Comunitária da Região de Chapecó. Avenida Senador Attílio Fontana, 591E, 89809-000 Chapecó/SC, Brazil
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7
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Soellner DE, Grandys T, Nuñez JL. Chronic prenatal caffeine exposure impairs novel object recognition and radial arm maze behaviors in adult rats. Behav Brain Res 2009; 205:191-9. [PMID: 19686781 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2009.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2009] [Revised: 08/10/2009] [Accepted: 08/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we demonstrate that chronic prenatal exposure to a moderate dose of caffeine disrupts novel object recognition and radial arm maze behaviors in adult male and female rats. Pregnant dams were administered either tap water or 75 mg/L caffeinated tap water throughout gestation. Oral self-administration in the drinking water led to an approximate maternal intake of 10mg/kg/day, equivalent to 2-3 cups of coffee/day in humans based on a metabolic body weight conversion. In adulthood, the offspring underwent testing on novel object recognition, radial arm maze, and Morris water maze tasks. Prenatal caffeine exposure was found to impair 24-h memory retention in the novel object recognition task and impair both working and reference memory in the radial arm maze. However, prenatal caffeine exposure did not alter Morris water maze performance in either a simple water maze procedure or in an advanced water maze procedure that included reversal and working memory paradigms. These findings demonstrate that chronic oral intake of caffeine throughout gestation can alter adult cognitive behaviors in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah E Soellner
- Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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8
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Increased emotional reactivity in rats following exposure to caffeine during adolescence. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2008; 30:195-201. [PMID: 18378115 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2008.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2007] [Revised: 02/12/2008] [Accepted: 02/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
From 45 to 55 days after birth, male and female rats were treated via daily intraperitoneal injections with either isotonic saline, or 15 or 30 mg/kg caffeine. When 72-82 and 112-122 days old, their activity and emotional reactivity were assessed by means of frequencies of rearing, ambulation, immobility, defecation and urination recorded in an open field, as well as their occupancy of corners and center squares of the field, and their partial emergence and latencies to fully emerge from a small darkened chamber into a brightly lit arena. Rats treated with caffeine were probably more emotionally reactive than untreated controls as suggested by more immobility and defecation and urination. There were also effects on rearing and ambulation that might have arisen from increased impulsivity. Further evidence of caffeine treatment-induced higher emotional reactivity was found in the heavier adrenal glands of a small number of 10 months-old males. This occurred in the absence of any caffeine treatment effects on spatial reference memory measured by ability to identify a novel Y-maze arm. Changes between the two testing ages in rearing and emergence latencies, and sex-dependent changes in ambulation, defecation and corner and center squares occupancy, along with immobility for 30 mg/kg caffeine-treated subjects, were discussed in the light of possible changes in emotional reactivity. Sex differences in open-field rearing and ambulation, and testing age-dependent sex differences in corner and center squares occupancy were ascribed to higher emotional reactivity in males.
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9
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McLay RN, Pan W, Kastin AJ. Effects of peptides on animal and human behavior: a review of studies published in the first twenty years of the journal Peptides. Peptides 2001; 22:2181-255. [PMID: 11786208 DOI: 10.1016/s0196-9781(01)00550-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This review catalogs effects of peptides on various aspects of animal and human behavior as published in the journal Peptides in its first twenty years. Topics covered include: activity levels, addiction behavior, ingestive behaviors, learning and memory-based behaviors, nociceptive behaviors, social and sexual behavior, and stereotyped and other behaviors. There are separate tables for these behaviors and a short introduction for each section.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N McLay
- Naval Medical Center San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, San Diego, CA, USA
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10
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Abstract
Given the widespread use of caffeine and its potential nonoptimal effects during pregnancy, it is remarkable and distressing that almost nothing is known about the long-term effects of prenatal caffeine exposure in humans. Research on nonhumans reveals that prenatal caffeine exposure is associated with an enduring tendency toward a profile of fearfulness, hypoactivity, and exaggerated stress in uncertain situations. A similar pattern of behavioral inhibition has been observed in humans and has been attributed to various causes such as inborn temperament or environmental influences. The author's conjecture is that prenatal caffeine exposure could be an additional factor contributing to the tendency toward behavioral inhibition. One mechanism for this effect is that caffeine causes an upregulation of adenosine receptors, thus creating a vulnerability to adenosine-induced inhibition of neuronal firing and neurotransmitter release.
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Boer GJ, Feenstra MG, Botterblom MJ, Korse V, Te Riele P. Early postnatal appearance of enhanced noradrenaline content in the brain of vasopressin-deficient Brattleboro rat; normal adrenoceptor densities and aberrant influences of vasopressin treatment. Int J Dev Neurosci 1995; 13:63-74. [PMID: 7639097 DOI: 10.1016/0736-5748(95)00023-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The course of postnatal development of noradrenaline (NA) and its unconjugated free metabolite 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), as well as the influence on early chronic vasopressin treatment, were investigated in various brain regions of the hereditary vasopressin-deficient (homozygous di/di) Brattleboro rat. In addition, the densities of the adrenergic receptor subtypes were measured in adult brain. Brain NA levels of di/di pups appeared enhanced already at 7 days of age when compared with data of heterozygous (+/di) controls. This was also seen in areas not known to receive a vasopressinergic input, e.g. the frontal cortex. Levels of MHPG also differed between genotypes, but changes were slight and either a decrease or increase, depending on age and region tested. Saturation analyses of alpha 1-, alpha 2-, and beta-adrenoceptor binding on crude membrane preparations of some brain regions revealed no differences in adulthood. Chronic treatment with vasopressin between 6 and 13 days of age reduced the enhanced NA brain levels throughout the brain of the di/di Brattleboro pups. The known vasopressin-mediated enhancement of NA turnover in adult brain was also measurable in +/di pups of this neonatal period (MHPG/NA ratios), indicating the early maturation of the interaction of vasopressinergic and NAergic systems. However, the dose-response in the di/di Brattleboro rat was biphasic with a decrease at a low dose of vasopressin. Since changes were found throughout the brain, it was concluded that vasopressin deficiency had altered the maturation of NA neurons of the locus coeruleus which may be due to the absence of a presumed inhibitory control of vasopressin on synthesis and storage mechanisms at the perikaryal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Boer
- Graduate School Neurosciences Amsterdam, Netherlands Institute for Brain Research
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12
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Abstract
We evaluated behavior and cognitive performance in a line of transgenic mice that overexpress the rat gene for vasopressin. Open field testing revealed greatest habituation in homozygous mice. Passive avoidance performance indicated equal learning and memory ability of transgenic compared to normal mice. Drinking behavior following exposure to 10% sucrose solution suggested diminished neophobia in homozygous mice. These observations are consistent with enhanced attention and alertness in the transgenic animals and support prior observations on the effects of vasopressin on behavior and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Miller
- Department of Geriatrics and Adult Development, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Nehlig A, Debry G. Potential teratogenic and neurodevelopmental consequences of coffee and caffeine exposure: a review on human and animal data. Neurotoxicol Teratol 1994; 16:531-43. [PMID: 7862054 DOI: 10.1016/0892-0362(94)90032-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The teratogenic effect of caffeine has been clearly demonstrated in rodents. The sensitivity of different animals species is variable. Malformations have been demonstrated in mice at 50-75 mg/kg of caffeine, whereas the lowest dose usually needed to induce malformations is 80 mg/kg in rats. However, when caffeine is administered in fractioned amounts during the day, 330 mg/kg/day are necessary to reach teratogenicity in rats. In rodents, the most frequently observed malformations are those of the limbs and digits, ectrodactyly, craniofacial malformations (labial and palatal clefts) and delays in ossification of limbs, jaw and sternum. Nevertheless, even in rodents, caffeine can be considered as a weak teratogenic agent, given the quite large quantities of caffeine necessary to induce malformations and the small number of animals affected. In humans, caffeine does not present any teratogenic risk. The increased risk of the most common congenital malformations entailed by moderate consumption of caffeine is very slight. However, caffeine potentiates the teratogenic effect of other substances, such as tobacco, alcohol, and acts synergistically with ergotamine and propranolol to induce materno-fetal vasoconstrictions leading to malformations induced by ischemia. Therefore, even though caffeine does not seem to be harmful to the human fetus when intake is moderate and spread out over the day, some associations, especially with alcohol, tobacco, and vasoconstrictive or anti-migraine medications should be avoided. Maternal consumption of caffeine affects brain composition, especially in case of a low-protein diet and also seems to interfere with zinc fixation in brain. Maternal exposure to caffeine induces also long-term consequences on sleep, locomotion, learning abilities, emotivity, and anxiety in rat offspring, whereas in humans, more studies are needed to ascertain long-term behavioral effects of caffeine ingestion by pregnant mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nehlig
- INSERM U 398, Université de Nancy I, Faculté de Médecine, France
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Nehlig A, Debry G. Consequences on the newborn of chronic maternal consumption of coffee during gestation and lactation: a review. J Am Coll Nutr 1994; 13:6-21. [PMID: 8157856 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.1994.10718366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The present review is devoted to effects on the newborn of maternal ingestion of caffeine during gestation and lactation. In rodents, caffeine is able to induce malformations, but usually at high doses never encountered in humans; indeed, when caffeine is administered in fractioned quantities during the day, as it is the case with human caffeine intake, caffeine is no longer a teratogen in rodents. Caffeine ingested during gestation induces a dose-dependent decrease in body weight, but only for large doses (> 7 cups/day of coffee), whereas it has no effect at moderate doses. Maternal caffeine consumption during gestation affects hematologic parameters in both rat and human infants and induces long-term effects on sleep, locomotion, learning abilities, emotivity and anxiety in rodent offspring, whereas in humans, more studies are needed to determine the consequences of early caffeine exposure on behavior. Investigators do not agree on the quantities of the methylxanthine found in breast milk, but caffeine does not change breast milk composition, and rather, stimulates milk production. We conclude in this review that maternal caffeine consumption in moderate amounts during gestation and lactation has no measurable consequences on the fetus and newborn infant. Pregnant mothers, however, should be advised to consume coffee and caffeinated beverages in moderation, especially because of the prolonged half-life of caffeine both during the last trimester of pregnancy and in the newborn infant.
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15
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Boer GJ, Quak J, de Vries MC, Heinsbroek RP. Mild sustained effects of neonatal vasopressin and oxytocin treatment on brain growth and behavior of the rat. Peptides 1994; 15:229-36. [PMID: 8008627 DOI: 10.1016/0196-9781(94)90007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The lasting effects of a 9-day neonatal exposure to vasopressin and oxytocin were examined in the rat to discover if peptide administration results in organizational effects. When tested in young adulthood, brain growth, not body growth, appeared to be impaired. Basal and challenge tests of urine production, carried out to see the development of the hormonal antidiuretic function of vasopressin, revealed no lasting changes, and therefore did not confirm earlier findings of an induced mild polyurea. Behavioral testing of learning by making use of a one-trail step-through paradigm with a 24-h retention trial--a test that is sensitive to vasopressin--did not show impairments. Open field tests, however, showed enhanced emotionality in the vasopressin-treated females, as well as an initially increased ambulation in the males, and increased grooming in both sexes, the latter also having been reported to be induced by vasopressin administration in the septal areas. Oxytocin treatment did not produce lasting changes. Our conclusion, therefore, is that peripherally circulating vasopressin can affect the organizational development of the rat brain. It remains to be established whether this is an effect obtained through changes in the general peripheral physiology or a reflection of plasticity phenomena at the level of central vasopressin neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Boer
- Netherlands Institute for Brain Research, Amsterdam
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16
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Ahmed B, Kastin AJ, Banks WA, Zadina JE. CNS effects of peptides: a cross-listing of peptides and their central actions published in the journal Peptides, 1986-1993. Peptides 1994; 15:1105-55. [PMID: 7991456 DOI: 10.1016/0196-9781(94)90078-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The centrally mediated effects of peptides as published in the journal Peptides from 1986 to 1993 are tabulated in two ways. In one table, the peptides are listed alphabetically. In another table, the effects are arranged alphabetically. Most of the effects observed after administration of peptides are grouped, wherever possible, into categories such as cardiovascular and gastrointestinal. The species used in most cases has been rats; where other animals were used, the species is noted. The route of administration of peptides and source of information also are included in the tables, with a complete listing provided at the end. Many peptides have been shown to exert a large number of centrally mediated effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ahmed
- VA Medical Center, New Orleans, LA 70146
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Abstract
The ability of vasopressin to elevate cytosolic Ca2+ in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells was investigated. Ten nanomolar vasopressin elevated the cytosolic Ca2+ in 6 of 8 SCLC cell lines that were loaded with Fura-2 AM. Using SCLC cell line NCI-H345, the effect of vasopressin was dose dependent, being maximal at 100 nM, where the cytosolic Ca2+ was elevated from 150 to 210 nM. Because addition of 1 mM EGTA had no effect on the vasopressin response, vasopressin released Ca2+ from intracellular pools. Also, oxytocin weakly elevated the cytosolic Ca2+. The response to vasopressin was strongly blocked by [(beta-mercapto-beta,beta-cyclopentamethylene propionic acid)1,O-MeTyr2,Arg8]vasopressin and weakly blocked by [(beta-mercapto-beta,beta-cyclopentamethylene propionic acid)1,O-MeTyr2,Orn8]vasotocin. These data suggest that V1 vasopressin receptors are present on SCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20037
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