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Hassan SA, Ali AAH, Sohn D, Flögel U, Jänicke RU, Korf H, von Gall C. Does timing matter in radiotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma? An experimental study in mice. Cancer Med 2021; 10:7712-7725. [PMID: 34545699 PMCID: PMC8559477 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates whether a chronotherapeutic treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may improve treatment efficacy and mitigate side effects on non-tumoral liver (NTL). HCC was induced in Per2::luc mice which were irradiated at four time points of the day. Proliferation and DNA-double strand breaks were analyzed in irradiated and nonirradiated animals by detection of Ki67 and γ-H2AX. Prior to whole animal experiments, organotypic slice cultures were investigated to determine the dosage to be used in whole animal experiments. Irradiation was most effective at the proliferation peaks in HCC at ZT02 (early inactivity phase) and ZT20 (late activity phase). Irradiation effects on NTL were minimal at ZT20. As compared with NTL, nonirradiated HCC revealed disruption in daily variation and downregulation of all investigated clock genes except Per1. Irradiation affected rhythmic clock gene expression in NTL and HCC at all ZTs except at ZT20 (late activity phase). Irradiation at ZT20 had no effect on total leukocyte numbers. Our results indicate ZT20 as the optimal time point for irradiation of HCC in mice at which the ratio between efficacy of tumor treatment and toxic side effects was maximal. Translational studies are now needed to evaluate whether the late activity phase is the optimal time point for irradiation of HCC in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soha A. Hassan
- Institute of Anatomy II, Medical FacultyHeinrich‐Heine‐UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
- Zoology DepartmentFaculty of ScienceSuez UniversitySuezEgypt
| | - Amira A. H. Ali
- Institute of Anatomy II, Medical FacultyHeinrich‐Heine‐UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
- Department of Anatomy and EmbryologyFaculty of MedicineMansoura UniversityMansouraEgypt
| | - Dennis Sohn
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and RadiooncologyMedical Faculty of Heinrich‐Heine‐UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Ulrich Flögel
- Department of Molecular CardiologyHeinrich‐Heine‐UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Reiner U. Jänicke
- Laboratory of Molecular Radiooncology, Clinic and Policlinic for Radiation Therapy and RadiooncologyMedical Faculty of Heinrich‐Heine‐UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Horst‐Werner Korf
- Institute of Anatomy IMedical FacultyHeinrich‐Heine‐UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Charlotte von Gall
- Institute of Anatomy II, Medical FacultyHeinrich‐Heine‐UniversityDüsseldorfGermany
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Sun Q, Zhao Y, Yang Y, Yang X, Li M, Xu X, Wen D, Wang J, Zhang J. Loss of the clock protein PER2 shortens the erythrocyte life span in mice. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:12679-12690. [PMID: 28607147 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.783985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell proliferation and release from the bone marrow have been demonstrated to be controlled by circadian rhythms in both humans and mice. However, it is unclear whether local circadian clocks in the bone marrow influence physiological functions and life span of erythrocytes. Here, we report that loss of the clock gene Per2 significantly decreased erythrocyte life span. Mice deficient in Per2 were more susceptible to acute stresses in the erythrocytes, becoming severely anemic upon phenylhydrazine, osmotic, and H2O2 challenges. 1H NMR-based metabolomics analysis revealed that the Per2 depletion causes significant changes in metabolic profiles of erythrocytes, including increased lactate and decreased ATP levels compared with wild-type mice. The lower ATP levels were associated with hyperfunction of Na+/K+-ATPase activity in Per2-null erythrocytes, and inhibition of Na+/K+-ATPase activity by ouabain efficiently rescued ATP levels. Per2-null mice displayed increased levels of Na+/K+-ATPase α1 (ATP1A1) in the erythrocyte membrane, and transfection of Per2 cDNA into the erythroleukemic cell line TF-1 inhibited Atp1a1 expression. Furthermore, we observed that PER2 regulates Atp1a1 transcription through interacting with trans-acting transcription factor 1 (SP1). Our findings reveal that Per2 function in the bone marrow is required for the regulation of life span in circulating erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yunxia Yang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Minghui Li
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Xi Xu
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Dan Wen
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Junsong Wang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jianfa Zhang
- Center for Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei, Nanjing 210094, China.
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Does the Time of Radiotherapy Affect Treatment Outcomes? A Review of the Literature. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2017; 29:231-238. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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4
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Badiyan SN, Ferraro DJ, Yaddanapudi S, Drzymala RE, Lee AY, Silver SA, Dyk P, DeWees T, Simpson JR, Rich KM, Robinson CG. Impact of time of day on outcomes after stereotactic radiosurgery for non-small cell lung cancer brain metastases. Cancer 2013; 119:3563-9. [DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shahed N. Badiyan
- Department of Radiation Oncology Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology; Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis Missouri
| | - Daniel J. Ferraro
- Department of Radiation Oncology Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology; Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis Missouri
| | - Sridhar Yaddanapudi
- Department of Radiation Oncology Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology; Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis Missouri
| | - Robert E. Drzymala
- Department of Radiation Oncology Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology; Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis Missouri
| | - Andrew Y. Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology; Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis Missouri
| | - Shawgi A. Silver
- Department of Radiation Oncology Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology; Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis Missouri
| | - Pawel Dyk
- Department of Radiation Oncology Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology; Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis Missouri
| | - Todd DeWees
- Department of Radiation Oncology Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology; Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis Missouri
| | - Joseph R. Simpson
- Department of Radiation Oncology Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology; Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis Missouri
| | - Keith M. Rich
- Department of Neurosurgery; Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis Missouri
| | - Clifford G. Robinson
- Department of Radiation Oncology Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology; Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis Missouri
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Rahn DA, Ray DK, Schlesinger DJ, Steiner L, Sheehan JP, O'Quigley JM, Rich T. Gamma knife radiosurgery for brain metastasis of nonsmall cell lung cancer: Is there a difference in outcome between morning and afternoon treatment? Cancer 2010; 117:414-20. [PMID: 20830691 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.25423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2010] [Revised: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 04/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas A Rahn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
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Bjarnason GA, MacKenzie RG, Nabid A, Hodson ID, El-Sayed S, Grimard L, Brundage M, Wright J, Hay J, Ganguly P, Leong C, Wilson J, Jordan RC, Walker M, Tu D, Parulekar W. Comparison of Toxicity Associated With Early Morning Versus Late Afternoon Radiotherapy in Patients With Head-and-Neck Cancer: A Prospective Randomized Trial of the National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group (HN3). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2009; 73:166-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2008] [Revised: 07/02/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
Rhythmicity in cell proliferation is well established in the gastrointestinal tract and skin, both in rodents and humans. This is the basis for studies on the timing of both chemotherapy and radiotherapy. More recently, circadian rhythm studies of cell-cycle proteins have confirmed earlier findings based on thymidine labeling and flow cytometry. The genetic control of circadian rhythms has been elucidated recently and a possible connection between the circadian clock and the timing of cell-cycle events has been suggested. The data for gastrointestinal mucosa and skin are reviewed and the potential clinical implications of these results are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg A Bjarnason
- Division of Medical Oncology, Toronto-Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Canada.
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Haus E. Chronobiology of the mammalian response to ionizing radiation. Potential applications in oncology. Chronobiol Int 2002; 19:77-100. [PMID: 11962688 DOI: 10.1081/cbi-120002592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Ionizing radiation from all sources under appropriate conditions leads to cell death and tissue damage. It is used in cancer treatment under the assumption of a higher radiosensitivity of the fast dividing tumor cells as compared with adjacent host tissues. The radiosensitivities of proliferating host tissues like bone marrow and gastrointestinal lining epithelium are dose limiting. Since these host tissues and many tumors show circadian and other periodicities in their cell proliferation, the timing of radiation treatment according to host and/or tumor rhythms is expected to improve the toxic/therapeutic ratio of the treatment. The experimental data on the chronobiology of radiation exposure show circadian rhythmicity in radiation response after whole body irradiation in mice and rats with highest toxicity in light-dark 12h:12h synchronized animals during their daily activity span. Bone marrow toxicity as well as gastrointestinal epithelial damage show circadian rhythms in part due to radiation damage to the stem cells involved and especially in the intestine also due to damage to the microvasculature. Chronoradiotherapy of malignant tumors seems promising, alone or in combination with response modifiers, provided the host and potential tumor rhythms can be monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erhard Haus
- Division of Pathology, HealthPartners Medical Group, Regions Hospital, University of Minnesota, St Paul 55101, USA.
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Bjarnason GA, Jordan R. Circadian variation of cell proliferation and cell cycle protein expression in man: clinical implications. PROGRESS IN CELL CYCLE RESEARCH 2000; 4:193-206. [PMID: 10740826 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-4253-7_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Most physiological, biochemical and behavioural processes have been shown to vary in a regular and predictable periodic manner with respect to time. This review focuses on the circadian rhythm in cell proliferation in bone marrow and gut and how this is associated with a circadian expression of cell cycle proteins in human oral mucosa. The control of circadian rhythms by the suprachiasmatic nuclei and the evolving understanding of the genetic and molecular biology of the circadian clock is outlined. Finally, the potential clinical impact of chronobiology in cancer medicine is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Bjarnason
- Division of Medical Oncology, Toronto-Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Ontario, Canada
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Bjarnason GA, Jordan RC, Sothern RB. Circadian variation in the expression of cell-cycle proteins in human oral epithelium. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 1999; 154:613-22. [PMID: 10027418 PMCID: PMC1849996 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)65306-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
At the tissue level, there is experimental and clinical data to suggest a cytokinetic coordination of the cell cycle with a greater proportion of cycling cells entering S-phase and mitosis at specific times of the day. The association of certain cell-cycle proteins with defined events in the cell cycle is well established and may be used to study the timing of cell-cycle phases over 24 hours. In this study oral mucosal biopsies were obtained from six normal human volunteers at 4-hour intervals, six times over 24 hours. Using immunohistochemistry, the number of positive cells expressing the proteins p53, cyclin-E, cyclin-A, cyclin-B1, and Ki-67 was determined for each biopsy and expressed as the number of positive cells per mm of basement membrane. We found a statistically significant circadian variation in the nuclear expression of all of these proteins with the high point of expression for p53 at 10:56 hours, cyclin-E at 14:59 hours, cyclin-A at 16:09 hours, cyclin-B1 at 21:13 hours, and Ki-67 at 02:50 hours. The circadian variation in the nuclear expression of cyclins-E (G1/S phase), -A (G2-phase), and -B1 (M-phase) with a normal physiological progression over time suggests a statistically significant circadian variation in oral epithelial cell proliferation. The finding of a circadian variation in the nuclear expression of p53 protein corresponding to late G1 is novel. This information has clinical implications regarding the timing of chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Bjarnason
- Toronto-Sunnybrook Regional Cancer Centre, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Abstract
The multipotent stem cell (CFU-S) numbers were studied in aging female C3H mice (16, 21 and 26 months old, respectively) versus young controls (3 months old). Using the spleen colony technique, the d-8 CFU-S numbers were measured every 3 h during the 24-h period at three different times of the year. Prominent circadian variations were found in young mice. The peak and trough values were significantly different also in aging mice, although the peak-trough differences were declining. When comparing young and old mice at different times of the 24-h period, the CFU-S numbers were sometimes significantly different, but often not. The 24-h mean values were consistently declining during aging. Young mice had different circadian variation patterns and 24-h mean values when examined at different times of the year. It is concluded that the d-8 CFU-S numbers decline in aging mice. Conflicting reports may partly be due to neglect of physiological variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Sletvold
- Gade Institute, Department of Pathology, Bergen, Norway
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