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Novoa MB, Sarli M, Reidel IG, Veaute C, Valentini B, Primo ME. Neospora caninum truncated recombinant proteins formulated with liposomes and CpG-ODNs triggered a humoral immune response in cattle after immunisation and challenge. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2021; 238:110285. [PMID: 34146834 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2021.110285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abortions caused by Neospora caninum are a serious problem in cattle production and require effective immunoprophylaxis. The objective of this work was to assess the humoral immune response to four recombinant (r) N. caninum antigens in cattle after immunisation and challenge. MIC1 and MIC3 proteins from the micronemes, SRS2 from the surface of tachyzoites, and GRA7 from the dense granules were expressed as truncated recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli. Cationic liposomes (Lip) and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODNs) were used as adjuvant. Steers were assigned to three groups of six steers each and were inoculated twice subcutaneously, 21 days apart. The rP + Lip + CpG-ODN group received the truncated recombinant proteins rMIC1, rMIC3, rSRS2 and rGRA7 formulated with the adjuvant; the Lip + CpG-ODN group received the adjuvant alone; and the PBS group received sterile phosphate-buffered saline. All steers were subcutaneously challenged with the NC-1 strain of N. caninum 35 days after the second dose of immunisation. Steers from the rP + Lip + CpG-ODN group developed specific IgG, IgG1 and IgG2 against the four recombinant proteins after immunisation. After challenge, IgG against rMIC1 and rMIC3 was detected in rP + Lip + CpG-ODN group and against rSRS2 and rGRA7 in all groups. IgG1 and IgG2 against the four recombinant proteins remained high after challenge in the rP + Lip + CpG-ODN group. Indirect ELISA detected anti-N. caninum antibodies after challenge in all groups, with the highest level of antibodies being detected in the rP + Lip + CpG-ODN group. The recombinant vaccine formulated with rMIC1, rMIC3, rSRS2 and rGRA7 using Lip + CpG-ODN as adjuvant was immunogenic in cattle and the humoral immune response after challenge was enhanced in vaccinated cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Novoa
- Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (INTA-CONICET), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, Route 34, km 227, 2300, Rafaela, Argentina.
| | - Macarena Sarli
- Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (INTA-CONICET), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, Route 34, km 227, 2300, Rafaela, Argentina
| | - Ivana Gabriela Reidel
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Experimental, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, S3000ZAA, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Carolina Veaute
- Laboratorio de Inmunología Experimental, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, S3000ZAA, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Beatriz Valentini
- Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (INTA-CONICET), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, Route 34, km 227, 2300, Rafaela, Argentina
| | - María Evangelina Primo
- Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea (INTA-CONICET), Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela, Route 34, km 227, 2300, Rafaela, Argentina
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Novoa MB, Aguirre NP, Ormaechea N, Palmero S, Rouzic L, Valentini BS, Sarli M, Orcellet VM, Marengo R, Vanzini VR, Primo ME. Validation and field evaluation of a competitive inhibition ELISA based on the recombinant protein tSAG1 to detect anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in sheep and goats. Vet Parasitol 2020; 284:109201. [PMID: 32801057 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2020.109201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite that causes abortion and reproductive failure in small ruminants. We validated and evaluated under field conditions a competitive inhibition ELISA based on the truncated SAG1 protein (tSAG1) from N. caninum for the detection of anti-N. caninum antibodies in sheep and goat flocks. The assay was validated using 80 positive and 142 negative serum samples from sheep and goats analyzed by IFAT and immunoblot (IB). ciELISAtSAG1 was then used to evaluate the prevalence of anti-N. caninum antibodies in 1449 goats from 143 flocks and 385 sheep from 40 flocks and compared to IFAT. The prevalence of anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies was evaluated by IFAT. The ciELISAtSAG1 cut-off was ≥ 36 percent inhibition, with a diagnostic sensitivity of 100.0 % (95 % CI = 95.4-100.0 %) and a diagnostic specificity of 98.6 % (95 % CI = 95.0-99.8 %) relative to the agreement between IFAT and IB. The field evaluation revealed a concordance between ciELISAtSAG1 and IFAT of 97.4 %, with an agreement (κ) of 0.90 for sheep sera, and a concordance of 96.5 % with κ = 0.85 for goat sera. The overall prevalence of anti-N. caninum antibodies in sheep was 14.3 % by IFAT and 15.8 % by ciELISAtSAG1. In goats, prevalence was 12.9 % by IFAT and 14.6 % by ciELISAtSAG1. The overall prevalence of anti-T. gondii antibodies was 28.8 % in goats and 43.8 % in sheep. The ciELISAtSAG1 could be useful for large-scale detection of anti-N. caninum antibodies in sheep and goats, and for seroepidemiological investigations due to its appropriate sensitivity and specificity, and the simplicity of production.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Novoa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology and Parasitology, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Rafaela Agricultural Experimental Station, National Route 34, Km 227 (2300), Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Nerina Patricia Aguirre
- Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology and Parasitology, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Rafaela Agricultural Experimental Station, National Route 34, Km 227 (2300), Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Nadia Ormaechea
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of the Littoral (UNL), Kreder 2805 (S3080HOF), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Palmero
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of the Littoral (UNL), Kreder 2805 (S3080HOF), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Lisandro Rouzic
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of the Littoral (UNL), Kreder 2805 (S3080HOF), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Beatriz Susana Valentini
- Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology and Parasitology, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Rafaela Agricultural Experimental Station, National Route 34, Km 227 (2300), Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Macarena Sarli
- Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology and Parasitology, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Rafaela Agricultural Experimental Station, National Route 34, Km 227 (2300), Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Viviana Mercedes Orcellet
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of the Littoral (UNL), Kreder 2805 (S3080HOF), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Rafael Marengo
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, National University of the Littoral (UNL), Kreder 2805 (S3080HOF), Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Victor René Vanzini
- Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology and Parasitology, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Rafaela Agricultural Experimental Station, National Route 34, Km 227 (2300), Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - María Evangelina Primo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology and Parasitology, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Rafaela Agricultural Experimental Station, National Route 34, Km 227 (2300), Rafaela, Santa Fe, Argentina; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina
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3
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Novoa MB, Valentini BS, Sarli M, Torioni-de-Echaide SM, Primo ME, Echaide IE. Evaluation of a competitive inhibition ELISA based on the recombinant protein tSAG1 to detect anti- Neospora caninum antibodies in cattle. J Vet Diagn Invest 2020; 32:401-408. [PMID: 32306865 DOI: 10.1177/1040638720916711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neospora caninum is a protozoan parasite that causes abortion and important economic losses in cattle worldwide. There are no treatments or vaccines available; disease control is based on diagnosis and herd management strategies. We developed, validated, and evaluated under field conditions a competitive inhibition ELISA based on the truncated SAG1 protein (tSAG1), expressed in Escherichia coli, and the RafNeo5 monoclonal antibody (ciELISAtSAG1). A criterion based on the 3-y sequential serologic analysis of 230 dairy cows by IFAT was used as the gold standard. The assay was validated using 860 serum samples from cows that were consistently positive or negative by IFAT throughout the study period. ciELISAtSAG1 was then used to evaluate the prevalence of neosporosis in 16 beef cow herds (22 samples per herd, 352 total samples). The results were compared with those from IFAT and a commercial cELISA (cELISAVMRD). The ciELISAtSAG1 cutoff was ≥ 29%I, with a diagnostic sensitivity of 98.7% (95% CI = 96.8-99.7%) and a diagnostic specificity of 97.9% (95% CI = 96.4-99.0%). Concordance among IFAT, cELISAVMRD, and ciELISAtSAG1 was 90.3%. The agreement (κ) between ciELISAtSAG1 and the other 2 tests was ≥ 0.81. The overall prevalence of neosporosis in the 16 beef herds was 30% (range: 5-60%). The ciELISAtSAG1 could be useful for large-scale detection of anti-N. caninum antibodies in cattle and seroepidemiologic investigations, given its appropriate sensitivity and specificity, and the simplicity of production.
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Affiliation(s)
- María B Novoa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology and Parasitology, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Rafaela Agricultural Experimental Station, Santa Fe, Argentina (Novoa, Valentini, Sarli, Torioni-de-Echaide, Primo, Echaide).,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina (Novoa, Sarli, Primo)
| | - Beatriz S Valentini
- Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology and Parasitology, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Rafaela Agricultural Experimental Station, Santa Fe, Argentina (Novoa, Valentini, Sarli, Torioni-de-Echaide, Primo, Echaide).,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina (Novoa, Sarli, Primo)
| | - Macarena Sarli
- Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology and Parasitology, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Rafaela Agricultural Experimental Station, Santa Fe, Argentina (Novoa, Valentini, Sarli, Torioni-de-Echaide, Primo, Echaide).,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina (Novoa, Sarli, Primo)
| | - Susana M Torioni-de-Echaide
- Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology and Parasitology, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Rafaela Agricultural Experimental Station, Santa Fe, Argentina (Novoa, Valentini, Sarli, Torioni-de-Echaide, Primo, Echaide).,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina (Novoa, Sarli, Primo)
| | - María E Primo
- Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology and Parasitology, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Rafaela Agricultural Experimental Station, Santa Fe, Argentina (Novoa, Valentini, Sarli, Torioni-de-Echaide, Primo, Echaide).,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina (Novoa, Sarli, Primo)
| | - Ignacio E Echaide
- Laboratory of Veterinary Immunology and Parasitology, National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA), Rafaela Agricultural Experimental Station, Santa Fe, Argentina (Novoa, Valentini, Sarli, Torioni-de-Echaide, Primo, Echaide).,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Santa Fe, Argentina (Novoa, Sarli, Primo)
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Uesaka K, Koyama K, Horiuchi N, Kobayashi Y, Nishikawa Y, Inokuma H. A clinical case of neosporosis in a 4-week-old holstein friesian calf which developed hindlimb paresis postnatally. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 80:280-283. [PMID: 29237996 PMCID: PMC5836764 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A 4-week-old female Holstein Friesian calf presented with hindlimb paresis. Neurologic
examination of spinal reflexes revealed depressed or absent reflexes of the hindlimbs.
Menace responses on both sides disappeared on examination of cranial nerves. The calf was
finally diagnosed with Neospora caninum infection by pathological
findings including nonsuppurative inflammation associated with cysts in the cerebrum and
spinal cord. High levels of antibody against recombinant surface antigen 1 of N.
caninum (NcSAG1) were detected by ELISA from both serum and cerebrospinal fluid
(CSF) samples. This result suggests that detection of antibodies against N.
caninum by NcSAG1-ELISA in serum and CSF could be useful for the clinical
diagnosis of neosporosis in calves with acquired neurological signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Uesaka
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.,United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kenji Koyama
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.,United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Horiuchi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Yoshiyasu Kobayashi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.,United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Nishikawa
- National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Hisashi Inokuma
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan.,United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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Malaguti JMA, Cabral AD, Abdalla RP, Salgueiro YO, Galleti NTC, Okuda LH, Cunha EMS, Pituco EM, Del Fava C. Neospora caninum as causative agent of bovine encephalitis in Brazil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 21:48-54. [PMID: 22534945 DOI: 10.1590/s1984-29612012000100010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
For supporting the Brazilian bovine encephalitis surveillance program this study examined the differential diagnosis of Neospora caninum in central nervous system (CNS) by histological analysis (HE staining), immunohistochemistry (IHC), and nested-PCR using a set of primers from the Nc5 region of the genomic DNA and ITS1 region of the ribosomal DNA. A sample of 302 cattle presenting neurological syndrome and negative for rabies, aged 0 to 18 years, from herds in 10 Brazilian states was evaluated for N. caninum from January 2007 to April 2010. All specimens tested negative with IHC and nested-PCR using primers from the ITS1 region of ribosomal DNA, while two positive cases (0.66%) were found using primers from the Nc5 region of genomic DNA: a 20 month-old male and a 72 month-old female, both from São Paulo State. Only the male presented severe multifocal necrotizing encephalitis associated with mononuclear cell infiltration, a pathognomonic lesion caused by parasites of the family Sarcocystidae, and only this case was associated with N. caninum thus representing 0.33% positivity. Future studies should explore the association of IHC and nested-PCR with real-time PCR, a quantitative method that could be standardized for improving the detection of N. caninum in bovine CNS specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Mary Albinati Malaguti
- Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento de Sanidade Animal-CPDSA, Instituto Biológico, Av. Conselheiro Rodrigues Alves, 1252, Vila Mariana, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Dubey JP, Schares G. Diagnosis of bovine neosporosis. Vet Parasitol 2006; 140:1-34. [PMID: 16730126 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2006] [Revised: 03/17/2006] [Accepted: 03/22/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The protozoan parasite Neospora caninum is a major cause of abortion in cattle. The diagnosis of neosporosis-associated mortality and abortion in cattle is difficult. In the present paper we review histologic, serologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular methods for dignosis of bovine neosporosis. Although not a routine method of diagnosis, methods to isolate viable N. caninum from bovine tissues are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Dubey
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agricultural, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
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Dubey JP, Buxton D, Wouda W. Pathogenesis of bovine neosporosis. J Comp Pathol 2006; 134:267-89. [PMID: 16712863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2005.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2005] [Accepted: 11/28/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The protozoan parasite Neospora caninum is a major pathogen of cattle and dogs, being a significant cause of abortion in cattle in many countries. It is one of the most efficiently transmitted parasites, with up to 90% of cattle infected in some herds. The pathogenesis of abortion due to Neospora is complex and only partially understood. Losses occur after a primary infection during pregnancy but more commonly as the result of recrudescence of a persistent infection during pregnancy. Parasitaemia is followed by invasion of the placenta and fetus. It is suggested that abortion occurs when primary parasite-induced placental damage jeopardises fetal survival directly or causes release of maternal prostaglandins that in turn cause luteolysis and abortion. Fetal damage may also occur due to primary tissue damage caused by the multiplication of N. caninum in the fetus or due to insufficient oxygen/nutrition, secondary to placental damage. In addition, maternal immune expulsion of the fetus may occur associated with maternal placental inflammation and the release of maternal pro-inflammatory cytokines in the placenta. Thus N. caninum is a primary pathogen capable of causing abortion either through maternal placental inflammation, maternal and fetal placental necrosis, fetal damage, or a combination of all three. The question of how N. caninum kills the fetus exposes the complex and finely balanced biological processes that have evolved to permit bovine and other mammalian pregnancies to occur. Defining these immunological mechanisms will shed light on potential methods of control of bovine neosporosis and enrich our understanding of the continuity of mammalian and protozoal survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Dubey
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Animal and Natural Resources Institute, BARC-East, Building 1001, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA
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Koiwai M, Hamaoka T, Haritani M, Shimizu S, Tsutsui T, Eto M, Yamane I. Seroprevalence of Neospora caninum in dairy and beef cattle with reproductive disorders in Japan. Vet Parasitol 2005; 130:15-8. [PMID: 15893065 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Serum samples from 145 dairy and 65 beef cattle with reproductive disorders and 54 normally calving dairy cattle (controls) in Japan were tested for presence of Neospora caninum antibodies by use of an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT, titer 1:200). Overall, seroprevalence of N. caninum was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in dairy cattle (20.0%, 29/145) than in beef cattle (1.5%, 1/65). In cattle which aborted, seroprevalence of N. caninum was significantly higher (P = 0.041) in dairy cattle (26.1%, 23/88, compared with controls (3.7%, 2/54)) than in beef cattle (5.0%, 1/20), indicating that neosporosis might be a more common problem in dairy cattle than in beef cattle in Japan. Seropositive cattle were 9.2 times more likely to abort compared to seronegative cows. Abortions associated with N. caninum seropositivity in this study were most frequently observed in the second trimester, and the mean gestational age of the fetuses aborted from seropositive dams was 5.7 months. In conclusions, N. caninum seems to be causing serious economic losses in the dairy industry in Japan. This is the first report on an objective comparison of seroprevalence of dairy and beef cattle with reproductive disorders in Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Koiwai
- Department of Diagnosis and Research, Animal Quarantine Service, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Haramachi 11-1, Yokohama 235-0008, Japan.
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Soldati S, Kiupel M, Wise A, Maes R, Botteron C, Robert N. Meningoencephalomyelitis caused by Neospora caninum in a juvenile fallow deer (Dama dama). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 51:280-3. [PMID: 15485563 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.2004.00646.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Neosporosis, caused by the protozoan parasite Neospora caninum, is a serious cause of bovine abortion, stillbirth and perinatal death. This paper reports a clinical neosporosis in a 3-week-old fallow deer (Dama dama). The fawn was full term and appeared normal at birth. Histological lesions consisted of a multifocal necrotizing and granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis, with intralesional protozoal cysts. Positive immunohistochemical staining and characteristic PCR products confirmed the diagnosis of N. caninum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Soldati
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, Institute for Animal Pathology, VETSUISSE-Faculty, University of Berne, Länggassstrasse 122, 3012 Berne, Switzerland
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Hernandez J, Risco C, Donovan A. Risk of abortion associated with Neospora caninum during different lactations and evidence of congenital transmission in dairy cows. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2002; 221:1742-6. [PMID: 12494973 DOI: 10.2460/javma.2002.221.1741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between exposure to Neospora caninum and abortion in dairy cows during their first, second, third, and fourth or later lactations and to establish the main mode of transmission in female calves from birth until their first pregnancy was terminated by abortion or parturition. DESIGN Prospective observational study. ANIMALS 460 Holstein cows and 79 female calves. PROCEDURE Cows were classified as seropositive or seronegative to N caninum within 7 days after calving; incidence of abortion was compared between groups during different lactations. Blood samples were collected from female calves before ingestion of colostrum and every 6 months until their first pregnancy was terminated by abortion or parturition; number of seropositive calves was compared between seropositive and seronegative dams. RESULTS During the first pregnancy of their second lactation, risk of abortion for seropositive cows was 2.8 times that of seronegative cows. Among 10 calves born to seropositive cows, 4 were classified as seropositive at birth and thereafter. Among 69 calves born to seronegative cows, all were classified as seronegative at birth; 67 calves remained seronegative thereafter. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Exposure to N caninum alone was not significantly associated with abortion in cows during the first, third, and fourth or later lactations. Seropositive cows that have aborted previously may have subsequent abortions attributable to N caninum. Congenital infection was the main mode of N caninum transmission in a cohort of female calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Hernandez
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0136, USA
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Kim JH, Lee JK, Hwang EK, Kim DY. Prevalence of antibodies to Neospora caninum in Korean native beef cattle. J Vet Med Sci 2002; 64:941-3. [PMID: 12419873 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.64.941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 438 sera from Korean native beef cattle in 9 provinces were tested for Neospora caninum antibodies using an immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Eighteen (4.1%) cattle were positive by IFAT. The titers ranged from 1:200 (10 animals), 1:400 (5 animals), 1:800 (2 animals) to 1:1,600 (1 animal). Although the seroprevalence was slightly higher in Chungnam (8.9%), this was not significantly different from those noted in Kyunggi, Kangwon, Kyungbuk, Kyungnam, and Cheju provinces. Sera obtained from beef cattle in the provinces of Chungbuk, Jeonbuk and Jeonnam were all negative. Neospora positive sera were also tested for anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies using a commercial latex agglutination test (LAT). Antibody to T. gondii was detected in only 1 (5.6%) of 18 N. caninum positive sera. These results indicate that N. caninum and T. gondii infection are present at a low level in the Korean native beef cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hoon Kim
- Pathology Division, National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Anyang, Korea
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12
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Hernandez J, Risco C, Donovan A. Association between exposure to Neospora caninum and milk production in dairy cows. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2001; 219:632-5. [PMID: 11549092 DOI: 10.2460/javma.2001.219.632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine association between exposure to Neospora caninum and milk production in dairy cows. DESIGN Prospective observational study. ANIMALS 565 Holstein cows. PROCEDURE Cows were classified as seropositive or seronegative to N. caninum within 7 days after calving by use of a kinetic ELISA. Milk production was compared between seropositive and seronegative cows. RESULTS On the basis of 305-day mature equivalent milk production data, seropositive cows produced less milk (2.8 lb/cow per day) than did seronegative cows. In addition, analysis of results throughout the first 300 days of lactation revealed that after adjusting for effects of lactation number, calving season, clinical mastitis, and lameness, milk weight of seropositive cows was 2.5 lb/cow per day less than that of seronegative cows. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Exposure to N. caninum was associated with a 3 to 4% decrease in milk production. A decrease in milk production of 800 lb/cow for a typical 305-day lactation represents a loss of $128/cow.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hernandez
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610-0136, USA
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Tennent-Brown BS, Pomroy WE, Reichel MP, Gray PL, Marshall TS, Moffat PA, Rogers M, Driscoll VA, Reeve OF, Ridler AL, Ritaven S. Prevalence ofNeosporaantibodies in beef cattle in New Zealand. N Z Vet J 2000; 48:149-50. [PMID: 16032142 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2000.36182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM To estimate the prevalence of Neospora infection in a sample of New Zealand beef cattle. METHODS The prevalence of Neospora caninum infection in New Zealand beef cattle was estimated by collecting blood at slaughter from 499 beef cattle from 40 different farms at 2 slaughter plants in the North Island and 1 in the lower South Island . Sera were tested using an ELISA against Neospora tachyzoite antigen. RESULTS The prevalence of seropositive cattle was 2.5% (n=120), 3.6% (n=166) and 2.3% (n=213) at the plants surveyed, the overall prevalence being 2.8%. The serologically positive cattle came from 9 farms, 3 of which had more than 1 positive animal. The highest prevalence recorded amongst animals from 1 farm was 4/13 (31%), in a group of young steers. CONCLUSION Neosporosis appears to be present at a lower level in the New Zealand beef cattle population than in the New Zealand dairy cattle population. Nevertheless, from the high seroprevalence evident amongst young cattle on 1 farm, we suggest that Neospora may be a cause of infertility in beef cattle in this country.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Tennent-Brown
- Institute of Veterinary Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Private Bag 11222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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González L, Buxton D, Atxaerandio R, Aduriz G, Maley S, Marco JC, Cuervo LA. Bovine abortion associated with Neospora caninum in northern Spain. Vet Rec 1999; 144:145-50. [PMID: 10074662 DOI: 10.1136/vr.144.6.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
During 1996, aborted bovine fetuses from dairy herds in norther Spain were examined by histopathological, immunohistochemical and serological methods for evidence of infection by Neospora caninum. Microscopical brain changes consistent with those of neosporosis were detected in 36 of 81 fetuses and specific antibodies (IFAT titres > or = 1/16) in 32 of 63. Eight fetuses with neurological lesions were seronegative, and eight without lesions were seropositive. In 25 of 34 fetal brains with lesions consistent with published descriptions of neosporosis, immunohistochemical analysis revealed the presence of N caninum antigen. Depending on the diagnostic criteria, the prevalence of neosporosis related to bovine abortion was between 32 and 57 per cent of the fetuses submitted and between 33 and 58 per cent of the herds involved. Data on the geographical, seasonal and fetal age distribution of the infection are given for the fetuses examined and the value of the different diagnostic methods is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L González
- Departamento de Patología Animal, SIMA-CIMA, Gobierno Vasco, Derio, Spain
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15
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Abstract
Neospora caninum is a recently recognized protozoan parasite of animals, which until 1988 was misidentified as Toxoplasma gondii. Its life cycle is unknown. Transplacental transmission is the only recognized mode of transmission. It has a wide host range, but its zoonotic potential is unknown. Neosporosis is a major cause of abortion in cattle in many countries. It is also an important cause of neuromuscular paralysis in dogs. This paper reviews information on parasite structure, life cycle, biology, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Dubey
- Parasite Biology and Epidemiology Laboratory, US Department of Agriculture, BARC-East, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350, USA.
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16
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McAllister MM, Huffman EM, Hietala SK, Conrad PA, Anderson ML, Salman MD. Evidence suggesting a point source exposure in an outbreak of bovine abortion due to neosporosis. J Vet Diagn Invest 1996; 8:355-7. [PMID: 8844580 DOI: 10.1177/104063879600800313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A Holstein dairy farm suffered an abortion outbreak due to neosporosis. Abortion losses were > 18%. Cows with the highest Neospora antibody titers were at the greatest risk of aborting. Mummified fetuses were found after the 43rd day of the outbreak. The epidemic curve was suggestive of a point source exposure, which is consistent with the hypothesis that Neospora can be spread by a definitive host.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M McAllister
- California Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory System, Tulare 93274, USA
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17
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Anderson ML, Barr BC, Conrad PA. Protozoal causes of reproductive failure in domestic ruminants. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 1994; 10:439-61. [PMID: 7728629 DOI: 10.1016/s0749-0720(15)30531-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Protozoan parasites are a significant cause of abortion and infertility in domestic ruminants. Toxoplasma gondii, a widespread cause of abortion in sheep and goats, and Sarcocystis spp., which cause a common, frequently asymptomatic infection of domestic ruminants, both have a two-host life cycle. Carnivorous definitive hosts spread the infection through their feces and domestic ruminants are intermediate hosts. A similar, recently recognized protozoa, Neospora sp., has emerged as an important cause of reproductive disease, especially as an abortifacient in dairy cattle. Neospora is presumed to also have a two-host life cycle, although the definitive host(s) has not been identified. The venereally transmitted Tritrichomonas foetus is an important cause of pregnancy loss in naturally bred cattle throughout the world. In the absence of effective methods for vaccination or treatment, control of these parasites is based on management procedures to reduce infection and transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Anderson
- California Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Davis
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18
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Barr BC, Rowe JD, Sverlow KW, BonDurant RH, Ardans AA, Oliver MN, Conrad PA. Experimental reproduction of bovine fetal Neospora infection and death with a bovine Neospora isolate. J Vet Diagn Invest 1994; 6:207-15. [PMID: 8068753 DOI: 10.1177/104063879400600212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies were conducted to determine the pathogenic potential of the recently isolated bovine Neospora protozoa (BPA-1) for the bovine fetus. Cows chosen for study had Neospora titers < 160 using an indirect immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) test. Four experimental groups were studied. In group 1, 2 fetuses were inoculated in utero at 118 days gestation with culture-derived Neospora tachyzoites. A pregnant control cow was housed in the same pen, observed daily and screened serologically for evidence of exposure to Neospora. In group 2, 2 cows were infected with Neospora tachyzoites at 138 or 161 days gestation, and 1 control cow was given uninfected cell culture suspension simultaneously at 154 days gestation. Groups 3 (85 days gestation) and 4 (120 days gestation) each consisted of 2 cows infected with Neospora tachyzoites and 1 control cow given uninfected material at the same stage of gestation. Dead fetuses were surgically removed from the infected cows in group 1 on postinfection day (PID) 17. The histopathology was compatible with protozoal fetal infection, and protozoa were identified by immunohistochemistry. Viable fetuses were removed surgically from cows in group 2 on PID 28-30. The histopathology was compatible with protozoal fetal infection, protozoa were identified by immunoperoxidase techniques, and Neospora tachyzoites were reisolated in vitro from tissues of the 2 infected fetuses. In groups 3 and 4, the control fetus and 1 infected fetus were removed surgically between PID 26 and PID 33. The remaining infected cows were observed until fetal death or abortion occurred.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Barr
- California Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory System, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis 95616
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19
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Cole RA, Lindsay DS, Dubey JP, Blagburn BL. Detection of Neospora caninum in tissue sections using a murine monoclonal antibody. J Vet Diagn Invest 1993; 5:579-84. [PMID: 8286458 DOI: 10.1177/104063879300500413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A murine monoclonal antibody (MAb 6G7), isotype IgG2a, produced against tachyzoites of Neospora caninum (isolate NC-1) reacted specifically with tachyzoites of N. caninum in an indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. MAb 6G7 did not react with tachyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii, sporozoites of Isospora suis, Eimeria bovis, or E. tenella, or merozoites of E. bovis in the indirect immunofluorescent antibody test. MAb 6G7 reacted positively with both tachyzoites and bradyzoites of N. caninum in an avidin-biotin peroxidase complex immunohistochemical test on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues. No reaction was observed with the following: tachyzoites and bradyzoites of T. gondii, T. gondii-like parasites, or Hammondia hammondi; bradyzoites of Frenkelia microti; schizonts and merozoites of Sarcocystis-like organisms; schizonts, sarcocysts, and oocysts/sporocysts of S. cruzi; schizonts and merozoites of S. canis; schizonts of S. hirsuta, S. tenella, and S. capracanis; merozoites of S. neurona and S. neurona-like organisms, E. bovis, or Haemoproteus sp.; bradyzoites and merozoites of S. montanaensis; bradyzoites of S. odocoileocanis, S. cruzi, and S. tenella; meronts, sexual stages, and caryocysts of Caryospora sp. and C. bigenetica; micromerozoites, macromerozoites, and schizonts of Hepatozoon canis; sporozoites, sexual stages, and oocysts of Cryptosporidium parvum and C. baileyi; trophozoites of Monocystis lumbrici, Tritrichomonas foetus, and Balantidium coli; tissue cysts and bradyzoites of Besnoitia sp. and B. jellisoni; amastigotes of Leishmania sp.; and trophic theronts of Ichthyopthirius multifilis. MAb 6G7 reacted with tachyzoites and bradyzoites of N. caninum in natural and experimental infections in dogs, cattle, mice, rats, sheep, and goats, indicating that host origin of the tissues did not affect the performance of the test.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Cole
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, AL 36849-5519
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