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Giannini C, Terzi A, Fusaro L, Sibillano T, Diaz A, Ramella M, Lutz‐Bueno V, Boccafoschi F, Bunk O. Scanning X-ray microdiffraction of decellularized pericardium tissue at increasing glucose concentration. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201900106. [PMID: 31211508 PMCID: PMC7065647 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201900106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Blood glucose supplies energy to cells and is critical for the human brain. Glycation of collagen, the nonenzymatic formation of glucose-bridges, relates to diseases of aging populations and diabetics. This chemical reaction, together with its biomechanical effects, has been well studied employing animal models. However, the direct impact of glycation on collagen nano-structure is largely overlooked, and there is a lack of ex vivo model systems. Here, we present the impact of glucose on collagen nanostructure in a model system based on abundantly available connective tissue of farm animals. By combining ex vivo small and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) imaging, we characterize intra- and inter-molecular parameters of collagen in decellularized bovine pericardium with picometer precision. We observe three distinct regimes according to glucose concentration. Such a study opens new avenues for inspecting the effects of diabetes mellitus on connective tissues and the influence of therapies on the resulting secondary disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Giannini
- Institute of CrystallographyNational Research CouncilBariItaly
| | - Alberta Terzi
- Institute of CrystallographyNational Research CouncilBariItaly
| | - Luca Fusaro
- Department of Health SciencesUniversity of Piemonte OrientaleNovaraItaly
- Tissuegraft srl.NovaraItaly
| | | | - Ana Diaz
- Paul Scherrer InstitutVilligenSwitzerland
| | - Martina Ramella
- Department of Health SciencesUniversity of Piemonte OrientaleNovaraItaly
- Tissuegraft srl.NovaraItaly
| | | | - Francesca Boccafoschi
- Institute of CrystallographyNational Research CouncilBariItaly
- Department of Health SciencesUniversity of Piemonte OrientaleNovaraItaly
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2
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Pouran B, Moshtagh PR, Arbabi V, Snabel J, Stoop R, Ruberti J, Malda J, Zadpoor AA, Weinans H. Non-enzymatic cross-linking of collagen type II fibrils is tuned via osmolality switch. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:1929-1936. [PMID: 29334127 PMCID: PMC6099510 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
An important aspect in cartilage ageing is accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) after exposure to sugars. Advanced glycation results in cross-links formation between the collagen fibrils in articular cartilage, hampering their flexibility and making cartilage more brittle. In the current study, we investigate whether collagen cross-linking after exposure to sugars depends on the stretching condition of the collagen fibrils. Healthy equine cartilage specimens were exposed to l-threose sugar and placed in hypo-, iso-, or hyper-osmolal conditions that expanded or shrank the tissue and changed the 3D conformation of collagen fibrils. We applied micro-indentation tests, contrast enhanced micro-computed tomography, biochemical measurement of pentosidine cross-links, and cartilage surface color analysis to assess the effects of advanced glycation cross-linking under these different conditions. Swelling of extracellular matrix due to hypo-osmolality made cartilage less susceptible to advanced glycation, namely, the increase in effective Young's modulus was approximately 80% lower in hypo-osmolality compared to hyper-osmolality and pentosidine content per collagen was 47% lower. These results indicate that healthy levels of glycosaminoglycans not only keep cartilage stiffness at appropriate levels by swelling and pre-stressed collagen fibrils, but also protect collagen fibrils from adverse effects of advanced glycation. These findings highlight the fact that collagen fibrils and therefore cartilage can be protected from further advanced glycation ("ageing") by maintaining the joint environment at sufficiently low osmolality. Understanding of mechanochemistry of collagen fibrils provided here might evoke potential ageing prohibiting strategies against cartilage deterioration. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society. J Orthop Res 36:1929-1936, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behdad Pouran
- Department of OrthopedicsUMC UtrechtHeidelberglaan100, 3584CX UtrechtThe Netherlands,Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Department of Biomechanical EngineeringDelft University of Technology (TU Delft)Mekelweg 2, 2628CDDelftThe Netherlands
| | - Parisa R. Moshtagh
- Department of OrthopedicsUMC UtrechtHeidelberglaan100, 3584CX UtrechtThe Netherlands,Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Department of Biomechanical EngineeringDelft University of Technology (TU Delft)Mekelweg 2, 2628CDDelftThe Netherlands
| | - Vahid Arbabi
- Department of OrthopedicsUMC UtrechtHeidelberglaan100, 3584CX UtrechtThe Netherlands,Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Department of Biomechanical EngineeringDelft University of Technology (TU Delft)Mekelweg 2, 2628CDDelftThe Netherlands,Faculty of Engineering, Department of Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Birjand615/97175BirjandIran
| | - Jessica Snabel
- Department of Metabolic Health ResearchTNOP.O. Box 22152301 CE LeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Reinout Stoop
- Department of Metabolic Health ResearchTNOP.O. Box 22152301 CE LeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Jeffrey Ruberti
- Department of BioengineeringNortheastern, University360 Huntington AvenueBostonMassachusetts02115
| | - Jos Malda
- Department of OrthopedicsUMC UtrechtHeidelberglaan100, 3584CX UtrechtThe Netherlands,Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Department of Equine SciencesUtrecht UniversityYalelaan 1123584 CM UtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Amir A. Zadpoor
- Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Department of Biomechanical EngineeringDelft University of Technology (TU Delft)Mekelweg 2, 2628CDDelftThe Netherlands
| | - Harrie Weinans
- Department of OrthopedicsUMC UtrechtHeidelberglaan100, 3584CX UtrechtThe Netherlands,Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Department of Biomechanical EngineeringDelft University of Technology (TU Delft)Mekelweg 2, 2628CDDelftThe Netherlands,Department of RheumatologyUMC UtrechtHeidelberglaan1003584CX UtrechtThe Netherlands
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3
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Han SK, Ronkainen AP, Saarakkala S, Rieppo L, Herzog W, Korhonen RK. Alterations in structural macromolecules and chondrocyte deformations in lapine retropatellar cartilage 9 weeks after anterior cruciate ligament transection. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:342-350. [PMID: 28688215 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The structural integrity and mechanical environment of the articular cartilage matrix directly affect chondrocyte deformations. Rabbit models of early osteoarthritis at 9 weeks following anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) have been shown to alter the deformation behavior of superficial zone chondrocytes in mechanically loaded articular cartilage. However, it is not fully understood whether these changes in cell mechanics are caused by changes in structural macromolecules in the extracellular matrix. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to characterize the proteoglycan content, collagen content, and collagen orientation at 9 weeks post ACLT using microscopic techniques, and relate these changes to the altered cell mechanics observed upon mechanical loading of cartilage. At 9 weeks following ACLT, collagen orientation was significantly (p < 0.05) altered and proteoglycan content was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced in the superficial zone cartilage matrix. These structural changes either in the extracellular or pericellular matrix (ECM and PCM) were also correlated significantly (p < 0.05) with chondrocyte width and height changes, thereby suggesting that chondrocyte deformation response to mechanical compression in early OA changes primarily because of alterations in matrix structure. However, compared to the normal group, proteoglycan content in the PCM from the ACLT group decreased less than that in the surrounding ECM. Therefore, PCM could play a key role to protect excessive chondrocyte deformations in the ACLT group. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:342-350, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Kuy Han
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.,Advanced Biomedical and Welfare Technology R&BD Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Cheonan-si, Korea
| | - Ari P Ronkainen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Simo Saarakkala
- Faculty of Medicine, Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Lassi Rieppo
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Walter Herzog
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Rami K Korhonen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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4
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Matsui N, Shoji M, Kitagawa T, Terada S. Factors affecting the range of motion of the ankle and first metatarsophalangeal joints in patients undergoing hemodialysis who walk daily. J Phys Ther Sci 2016; 28:1560-4. [PMID: 27313371 PMCID: PMC4905910 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.28.1560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] Increased plantar pressure during walking is a risk factor for foot ulcers
because of reduced range of motion at the ankle and first metatarsophalangeal joints.
However, the range of motion in patients undergoing hemodialysis has not yet been
determined. A cross-sectional study was performed to investigate the factors affecting the
range of motion of the ankle and first metatarsophalangeal joints in patients undergoing
hemodialysis who walk daily. [Subjects and Methods] Seventy feet of 35 patients receiving
hemodialysis therapy were examined. Measurements included the passive range of motion of
plantar flexion and dorsiflexion of the ankle joint, and flexion and extension of the
first metatarsophalangeal joint. [Results] Hemodialysis duration was not associated with
ankle and first metatarsophalangeal joint range of motion in patients undergoing
hemodialysis. Diabetes duration was significantly associated with limited ankle joint
mobility. Finally, blood hemoglobin levels, body mass index, and age were associated with
first metatarsophalangeal joint range of motion. [Conclusion] The present study identified
age, diabetes, and decreased physical activity, but not hemodialysis duration, to be risk
factors for limited joint mobility of the ankle and first metatarsophalangeal joints in
patients undergoing hemodialysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobumasa Matsui
- Department of Rehabilitation, Japanese Red Cross Kanazawa Hospital, Japan
| | - Morio Shoji
- Department of Rehabilitation, Japanese Red Cross Kanazawa Hospital, Japan
| | - Takashi Kitagawa
- Department of Rehabilitation, Japanese Red Cross Kanazawa Hospital, Japan
| | - Shigeru Terada
- Department of Rehabilitation, Japanese Red Cross Kanazawa Hospital, Japan
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5
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Gannon AR, Nagel T, Bell AP, Avery NC, Kelly DJ. The changing role of the superficial region in determining the dynamic compressive properties of articular cartilage during postnatal development. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2015; 23:975-84. [PMID: 25680651 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore how changes to the superficial region (SR) of articular cartilage during skeletal development impact its functional properties. It was hypothesised that a functional superficial region is not present in skeletally immature articular cartilage, and removal of this zone of the tissue would only negatively impact the dynamic modulus of the tissue with the attainment of skeletal maturity. METHODS Porcine osteochondral cores were mechanically tested statically and dynamically with and without their respective superficial regions in confined and unconfined compression at different stages of postnatal development and maturation. A novel combination of histological, biochemical and imaging techniques were utilised to accurately describe changes to the superficial region during postnatal development. RESULTS Articular cartilage was found to become stiffer and less permeable with age. The confined and unconfined dynamic modulus significantly decreased after removal of the superficial region in skeletally mature cartilage, whilst no significant change was observed in the 4 week old tissue. Biochemical analysis revealed a significant decrease in overall sGAG content with age (as % dry weight), whilst collagen content significantly increased with age, although the composition of the superficial region relative to the remainder of the tissue did not significantly change with age. Helium ion microscopy (HIM) revealed dramatic changes to the organization of the superficial region with age. CONCLUSIONS The findings demonstrate that the superficial region of articular cartilage undergoes dramatic structural adaptation with age, which in turn plays a key role in determining the dynamic compressive properties of the tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Gannon
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - T Nagel
- Department of Environmental Informatics, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - A P Bell
- CRANN Advanced Microscopy Laboratory, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
| | - N C Avery
- Collagen Research Group, Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol, UK
| | - D J Kelly
- Trinity Centre for Bioengineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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6
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Bains W. Transglutaminse 2 and EGGL, the protein cross-link formed by transglutaminse 2, as therapeutic targets for disabilities of old age. Rejuvenation Res 2013; 16:495-517. [PMID: 23968147 PMCID: PMC3869435 DOI: 10.1089/rej.2013.1452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging of the extracellular matrix (ECM), the protein matrix that surrounds and penetrates the tissues and binds the body together, contributes significantly to functional aging of tissues. ECM proteins become increasingly cross-linked with age, and this cross-linking is probably important in the decline of the ECM's function. This article reviews the role of ε-(γ-glutamyl)-lysine (EGGL), a cross-link formed by transglutaminase enzymes, and particularly the widely expressed isozyme transglutaminase 2 (TG2), in the aging ECM. There is little direct data on EGGL accumulation with age, and no direct evidence of a role of EGGL in the aging of the ECM with pathology. However, several lines of circumstantial evidence suggest that EGGL accumulates with age, and its association with pathology suggests that this might reflect degradation of ECM function. TG activity increases with age in many circumstances. ECM protein turnover is such that some EGGL made by TG is likely to remain in place for years, if not decades, in healthy tissue, and both EGGL and TG levels are enhanced by age-related diseases. If further research shows EGGL does accumulate with age, removing it could be of therapeutic benefit. Also reviewed is the blockade of TG and active removal of EGGL as therapeutic strategies, with the conclusion that both have promise. EGGL removal may have benefit for acute fibrotic diseases, such as tendinopathy, and for treating generalized decline in ECM function with old age. Extracellular TG2 and EGGL are therefore therapeutic targets both for specific and more generalized diseases of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Bains
- SRF Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, United Kingdom
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7
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Contribution of proteoglycan osmotic swelling pressure to the compressive properties of articular cartilage. Biophys J 2011; 101:916-24. [PMID: 21843483 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2011.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2011] [Revised: 06/30/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The negatively charged proteoglycans (PG) provide compressive resistance to articular cartilage by means of their fixed charge density (FCD) and high osmotic pressure (π(PG)), and the collagen network (CN) provides the restraining forces to counterbalance π(PG). Our objectives in this work were to: 1), account for collagen intrafibrillar water when transforming biochemical measurements into a FCD-π(PG) relationship; 2), compute π(PG) and CN contributions to the compressive behavior of full-thickness cartilage during bovine growth (fetal, calf, and adult) and human adult aging (young and old); and 3), predict the effect of depth from the articular surface on π(PG) in human aging. Extrafibrillar FCD (FCD(EF)) and π(PG) increased with bovine growth due to an increase in CN concentration, whereas PG concentration was steady. This maturation-related increase was amplified by compression. With normal human aging, FCD(EF) and π(PG) decreased. The π(PG)-values were close to equilibrium stress (σ(EQ)) in all bovine and young human cartilage, but were only approximately half of σ(EQ) in old human cartilage. Depth-related variations in the strain, FCD(EF), π(PG), and CN stress profiles in human cartilage suggested a functional deterioration of the superficial layer with aging. These results suggest the utility of the FCD-π(PG) relationship for elucidating the contribution of matrix macromolecules to the biomechanical properties of cartilage.
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8
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Doughty MJ. Options for determination of 2-D distribution of collagen fibrils in transmission electron micrographs-Application to the mammalian corneal stroma. Microsc Res Tech 2011; 74:184-95. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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9
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Canal CE, Hung CT, Ateshian GA. Two-dimensional strain fields on the cross-section of the bovine humeral head under contact loading. J Biomech 2008; 41:3145-51. [PMID: 18952212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2008] [Revised: 07/15/2008] [Accepted: 08/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to provide a detailed experimental assessment of the two-dimensional cartilage strain distribution on the cross-section of immature and mature bovine humeral heads subjected to contact loading at a relatively rapid physiological loading rate. Six immature and six mature humeral head specimens were loaded against glass and strains were measured at the end of a 5s loading ramp on the textured articular cross-section using digital image correlation analysis. The primary findings indicate that elevated tensile and compressive strains occur near the articular surface, around the center of the contact region. Few qualitative or quantitative differences were observed between mature and immature joints. Under an average contact stress of approximately 1.7 MPa, the peak compressive strains averaged -0.131+/-0.048, which was significantly less than the relative change in cartilage thickness, -0.104+/-0.032 (p<0.05). The peak tensile strains were significantly smaller in magnitude, at 0.0325+/-0.013. These experimental findings differ from a previous finite element analysis of articular contact, which predicted peak strains at the cartilage-bone interface even when accounting for the porous-hydrated nature of the tissue, its depth-dependent inhomogeneity, and the disparity between its tensile and compressive properties. These experimental results yield new insights into the local mechanical environment of the tissue and cells, and suggest that further refinements are needed in the modeling of contacting articular layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare E Canal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, NY 10027, USA
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10
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Sivan S, Merkher Y, Wachtel E, Ehrlich S, Maroudas A. Correlation of swelling pressure and intrafibrillar water in young and aged human intervertebral discs. J Orthop Res 2006; 24:1292-8. [PMID: 16649177 DOI: 10.1002/jor.20144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Fluid balance in the intervertebral disc under applied load is determined primarily by its swelling pressure, that is, the external pressure at which it neither loses nor gains water. This depends on the composition of the tissue, in particular on its proteoglycan concentration. Proteoglycans develop a high osmotic pressure due to their fixed negatively charged groups. Because of their size, proteoglycans are excluded from the collagen's intrafibrillar volume; hence their osmotic activity is determined only by the extrafibrillar water. Here, we show that in order to evaluate correctly the swelling pressure in the annuli fibrosi of human intervertebral disc, it is essential to evaluate its proportion of intrafibrillar water. We used low-angle X-ray scattering and osmotic stress techniques to determine the lateral packing of the collagen molecules in the fibrils of the annuli fibrosi (ages: 25-77). It was found that the lateral packing and, hence, the intrafibrillar water content depends on age, external osmotic pressure, and location in the tissue. Subtracting intrafibrillar water from total hydration yields the amount of extrafibrillar water, from which the true fixed charge density of the tissue could be estimated. From a force balance, it would appear that collagen tension plays only a minor role in the equilibrium of the human intervertebral disc under load, in contrast to articular cartilage, where collagen tension is important for load bearing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarit Sivan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, IIT, Haifa, 32000 Israel.
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Tzaphlidou
- Laboratory of Medical Physics, Medical School, Ioannina University, P.O. Box 1186, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
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12
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Aurich M, Poole AR, Reiner A, Mollenhauer C, Margulis A, Kuettner KE, Cole AA. Matrix homeostasis in aging normal human ankle cartilage. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 2002; 46:2903-10. [PMID: 12428230 DOI: 10.1002/art.10611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study age-related (as opposed to arthritis-related) changes in collagen and proteoglycan turnover. METHODS Macroscopically nondegenerate normal ankle cartilage obtained from 30 donors (ages 16-75 years) was processed for in situ hybridization to detect messenger RNA (mRNA) of type IIB collagen (CIIB); antibodies to the C-propeptide of type II collagen (CPII), to the type II collagen (CII) collagenase-generated cleavage neoepitope (Col2-3/4C(short)), and to the CII denaturation product (Col2-3/4m) were used for immunohistochemistry analysis and immunoassay. In addition, immunoblotting was used to detect the 4 collagenases. Assays were also performed to detect glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content and the 846 epitope of aggrecan. RESULTS There were no significant changes in CII, GAG, and the content of the 846 epitope after the age of 30 years. Both mRNA for CIIB and the CPII were present in all zones, and CPII content did not change significantly with age. While the collagenase-cleaved CII showed a trend to increase with age, the denatured collagen did not. However, the molar ratio of cleaved versus denatured collagen was positively correlated with age. All 4 collagenases were detectable in the ankle cartilage but showed no identifiable changes in content with age. CONCLUSION Synthesis and degradation of CII is associated with the pericellular matrix and is maintained at a steady state throughout life. The contents of CII and proteoglycan did not change. There was a significant reduction in the denaturation of CII with age, relative to collagenase-mediated cleavage. These observations reveal that, in aging of the intact ankle articular cartilage, there is no evidence of molecular degenerative changes of the kind observed in osteoarthritis, thereby distinguishing aging from the osteoarthritis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Aurich
- Department of Biochemistry, Rush Medical College at Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, 1653 West Congress Parkway, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Nonaka H, Mita K, Watakabe M, Akataki K, Suzuki N, Okuwa T, Yabe K. Age-related changes in the interactive mobility of the hip and knee joints: a geometrical analysis. Gait Posture 2002; 15:236-43. [PMID: 11983498 DOI: 10.1016/s0966-6362(01)00191-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This study examined any systematic age-related change in the passive range of motion (PROM) of the hip and knee joints. Seventy-seven healthy male volunteers ranging in age from 15 to 73 years were assessed. A geometrical range of motion (ROM) analysis was applied, which could evaluate the effects of both monoarticular and biarticular muscles. The PROM of the hip joint decreased progressively with advancing age, whereas that of the knee joint remained unchanged. In addition, the interactive PROM of the hip and knee joint associated with biarticular rectus femoris and hamstring muscles also showed an age-related reduction. The progressive reduction of the ROM is probably caused by shortening of muscles or connective tissues due to reduced compliance of joint structures and degenerative changes in spinal alignment, as well as by diminished muscle stretching resulting from a decrease in daily physical activities with advancing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisako Nonaka
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Nagoya City University, Yamanohata, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-8501, Japan
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14
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MacDonald MH, Tesch AM, Benton HP, Willits NH. Characterization of age- and location-associated variations in the composition of articular cartilage from the equine metacarpophalangeal joint. J Equine Vet Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0737-0806(02)70208-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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15
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Tzaphlidou M. Diameter distributions of collagenous tissues in relation to sex. A quantitative ultrastructural study. Micron 2001; 32:333-6. [PMID: 11006513 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-4328(00)00033-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
A number of factors have been implicated in the regulation of collagen fibril diameter. Electron microscopy analysis was used to investigate the role of sex on fibril diameter. Female mouse skin collagen fibrils' mean diameter values were significantly smaller than those from the male, independent of age. In addition, the female rabbit collagen fibrils had a marked decrease in the mean diameter compared to male, in all the tissues examined (skin, liver, and bone). These data suggest that the collagen fibril diameter is related to sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tzaphlidou
- Laboratory of Medical Physics, Medical School, University of Ioannina, P.O. Box 1186, 45110, Ioannina, Greece.
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16
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Potter K, Butler JJ, Horton WE, Spencer RG. Response of engineered cartilage tissue to biochemical agents as studied by proton magnetic resonance microscopy. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 2000; 43:1580-90. [PMID: 10902763 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(200007)43:7<1580::aid-anr23>3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results correlate with the biochemical composition of cartilage matrix and can therefore be used to evaluate natural tissue development and the effects of biologic interventions. METHODS Chondrocytes harvested from day-16 chick embryo sterna were inoculated into an MRI-compatible hollow-fiber bioreactor. The tissue that formed over a period of 2-4 weeks was studied biochemically, histologically, and with MRI. Besides natural development, the response of the tissue to administration of retinoic acid, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and daily dosing with ascorbic acid was studied. RESULTS Tissue wet and dry weight, glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content, and collagen content all increased with development time, while tissue hydration decreased. The administration of retinoic acid resulted in a significant reduction in tissue wet weight, proteoglycan content, and cell number and an increase in hydration as compared with controls. Daily dosing with ascorbic acid increased tissue collagen content significantly compared with controls, while the administration of IL-1beta resulted in increased proteoglycan content. The water proton longitudinal and transverse relaxation rates correlated well with GAG and collagen concentrations of the matrix as well as with tissue hydration. In contrast, the magnetization transfer value for the tissue correlated only with total collagen. Finally, the self-diffusion coefficient of water correlated with tissue hydration. CONCLUSION Parameters derived from MR images obtained noninvasively can be used to quantitatively assess the composition of cartilage tissue generated in a bioreactor. We conclude that MRI is a promising modality for the assessment of certain biochemical properties of cartilage in a wide variety of settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Potter
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Structure – Properties of Soft Tissues Articular Cartilage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1470-1804(00)80008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Basser PJ, Schneiderman R, Bank RA, Wachtel E, Maroudas A. Mechanical properties of the collagen network in human articular cartilage as measured by osmotic stress technique. Arch Biochem Biophys 1998; 351:207-19. [PMID: 9515057 DOI: 10.1006/abbi.1997.0507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have used an isotropic osmotic stress technique to assess the swelling pressures of human articular cartilage over a wide range of hydrations in order to determine from these measurements, for the first time, the tensile stress in the collagen network, Pc, as a function of hydration. Osmotic stress was applied by means of calibrated solutions of polyethylene glycol. Calculations of osmotic stress were based on the balance, at equilibrium, between the applied stress, the collagen stress, and the proteoglycan osmotic pressure, piPG, acting within the extrafibrillar matrix compartment. Pc vs hydration was determined for several normal human samples, both native and trypsin-treated, and for cartilage from one osteoarthritic (OA) joint. We found that for normal cartilage the collagen network does not become "limp" until the volume of cartilage has decreased by 20-25% of its initial value and that its contribution to the balance of forces in cartilage therefore must be taken into account over a much wider range of hydrations than was previously thought. For normal cartilage, the Pc vs hydration curves exhibit a steep increase with increasing hydration; trypsin treatment does not change their slope, showing that PG concentration does not influence the inherent stiffness of the collagen network. By contrast, the curves for OA specimens are considerably shallower and displaced to higher hydrations. Our findings thus highlight the role of the stiffness of the collagen network in limiting hydration in normal cartilage and ensuring a high PG concentration in the matrix, which is essential for effective load-bearing and is lost in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Basser
- Julius Silver Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
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Lauder RM, Huckerby TN, Nieduszynski IA, Plaas AH. Age-related changes in the structure of the keratan sulphate chains attached to fibromodulin isolated from articular cartilage. Biochem J 1998; 330 ( Pt 2):753-7. [PMID: 9480886 PMCID: PMC1219201 DOI: 10.1042/bj3300753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bovine articular cartilage fibromodulin has been isolated from animals aged 3 months to 8 years, and the attached keratan sulphate (KS) chains digested with keratanase II. The oligosaccharides generated have been reduced, examined by high-pH anion-exchange chromatography and their structures identified by comparison with standards. It has been shown that in fibromodulin from young articular cartilage, the KS chains do not possess either non-reducing terminal (alpha2-6)-linked N-acetylneuraminic acid or fucose (alpha1-3)-linked to sulphated N-acetylglucosamine residues. However, an age-related increase has been observed in the abundance of both (alpha2-6)-linked N-acetylneuraminic acid and (alpha1-3)-linked fucose, neither of which is found in KS isolated from non-articular cartilage, irrespective of the age of the source. Interestingly, the KS chain length remains constant as a function of age, which possibly relates to a role in collagen fibril assembly. In addition, no significant age-related changes were identified in levels of galactose sulphation.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Lauder
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental and Natural Sciences, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, U.K
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