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Cespedes CL, Balbontin C, Avila JG, Dominguez M, Alarcon J, Paz C, Burgos V, Ortiz L, Peñaloza-Castro I, Seigler DS, Kubo I. Inhibition on cholinesterase and tyrosinase by alkaloids and phenolics from Aristotelia chilensis leaves. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 109:984-995. [PMID: 28501487 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
It is reported in this study the effect of isolates from leaves of Aristotelia chilensis as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and tyrosinase enzymes. The aim of the paper was to evaluate the activity of A. chilensis towards different enzymes. In addition to pure compounds, extracts rich in alkaloids and phenolics were tested. The most active F5 inhibited AChE (79.5% and 89.8% at 10.0 and 20.0 μg/mL) and against BChE (89.5% and 97.8% at 10.0 and 20.0 μg/mL), showing a strong mixed-type inhibition against AChE and BChE. F3 (a mixture of flavonoids and phenolics acids), showed IC50 of 90.7 and 59.6 μg/mL of inhibitory activity against AChE and BChE, inhibiting the acetylcholinesterase competitively. Additionally, F3 showed and high potency as tyrosinase inhibitor with IC50 at 8.4 μg/mL. Sample F4 (anthocyanidins and phenolic composition) presented a complex, mixed-type inhibition of tyrosinase with a IC50 of 39.8 μg/mL. The findings in this investigation show that this natural resource has a strong potential for future research in the search of new phytotherapeutic treatments for cholinergic deterioration ailments avoiding the side effects of synthetic drugs. This is the first report as cholinesterases and tyrosinase inhibitors of alkaloids and phenolics from A. chilensis leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos L Cespedes
- Biochemistry and Phytochemical-Ecology Lab, Department of Basic Science, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Bio Bio, Chillan, Chile.
| | - Cristian Balbontin
- Plant Production Department, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Quilamapu, Chillan, Chile
| | - Jose G Avila
- Laboratorio de Fitoquimica, Unidad UBIPRO-FES-Iztacala, UNAM, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | - Mariana Dominguez
- Departamento de Biologia Celular y Desarrollo, Laboratorio 305-Sur, Instituto de Fisiologia Celular, UNAM, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacan 04510, Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | - Julio Alarcon
- Synthesis and Biotransformation Lab., Department of Basic Science, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Bio Bio, Chillan, Chile
| | - Cristian Paz
- Departamento de Química y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 1011, Temuco, Chile
| | - Viviana Burgos
- Departamento de Química y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de La Frontera, Av. Francisco Salazar 1011, Temuco, Chile
| | - Leandro Ortiz
- Instituto de Ciencias Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Ignacio Peñaloza-Castro
- Laboratorio de Fisiologia Vegetal, Unidad UBIPRO-FES-Iztacala, UNAM, Tlalnepantla de Baz, Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | - David S Seigler
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
| | - Isao Kubo
- Natural Products Chemistry Lab., ESPM Department, University of California, Berkeley, USA
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Techakanon C, Smith GM, Jernstedt J, Barrett DM. The effect of high pressure processing on clingstone and freestone peach cell integrity and enzymatic browning reactions. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Techakanon C, Gradziel TM, Barrett DM. Effects of Peach Cultivar on Enzymatic Browning Following Cell Damage from High-Pressure Processing. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:7606-7614. [PMID: 27626457 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b01879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Peach cultivars contribute to unique product characteristics and may affect the degree of browning after high-pressure processing (HPP). Nine peach cultivars were subjected to HPP at 0, 100, and 400 MPa for 10 min. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) relaxometry, light microscopy, color, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, and total phenols were evaluated. The development of enzymatic browning during refrigerated storage occurred because of damage during HPP that triggered loss of cell integrity, allowing substrates to interact with enzymes. Increasing pressure levels resulted in greater damage, as determined by shifts in transverse relaxation time (T2) and by light micrographs. Discoloration was triggered by membrane decompartmentalization but limited by PPO activity, which was found to correlate to cultivar harvest time (early, mid, and late season). Outcomes from the microstructure, 1H NMR ,and PPO activity evaluation were an effective means of determining membrane decompartmentalization and allowed for prediction of browning scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwan Techakanon
- Faculty of Science and Industrial Technology, Prince of Songkla University , Surat Thani Campus, 31 Makham Tia, Muang Surat Thani, Suratthani 84000, Thailand
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Techakanon C, Gradziel TM, Zhang L, Barrett DM. The Impact of Maturity Stage on Cell Membrane Integrity and Enzymatic Browning Reactions in High Pressure Processed Peaches (Prunus persica). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:7216-7224. [PMID: 27556337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Fruit maturity is an important factor associated with final product quality, and it may have an effect on the level of browning in peaches that are high pressure processed (HPP). Peaches from three different maturities, as determined by firmness (M1 = 50-55 N, M2 = 35-40 N, and M3 = 15-20 N), were subjected to pressure levels at 0.1, 200, and 400 MPa for 10 min. The damage from HPP treatment results in loss of fruit integrity and the development of browning during storage. Increasing pressure levels of HPP treatment resulted in greater damage, particularly in the more mature peaches, as determined by shifts in transverse relaxation time (T2) of the vacuolar component and by light microscopy. The discoloration of peach slices of different maturities processed at the same pressure was comparable, indicating that the effect of pressure level is greater than that of maturity in the development of browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwan Techakanon
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California-Davis , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Faculty of Science and Industrial Technology, Prince of Songkla University , Surat Thani Campus, 31 Makham Tia, Muang Surat Thani, Suratthani 84000, Thailand
| | - Thomas M Gradziel
- Department of Pomology, University of California-Davis , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California-Davis , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University , Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Diane M Barrett
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California-Davis , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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Muñoz E, Avila JG, Alarcón J, Kubo I, Werner E, Céspedes CL. Tyrosinase inhibitors from Calceolaria integrifolia s.l.: Calceolaria talcana aerial parts. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:4336-4343. [PMID: 23607420 DOI: 10.1021/jf400531h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
As a defense mechanism of the aerial parts of Calceolaria talcana (Calceolariaceae; formerly Scrophulariaceae) against herbivore offenses and insect pest attack, diterpenoids, triterpenoids, phenylethanoids, flavonoids, and iridoids are rapidly accumulated along the aerial parts, resulting in a unique natural biopesticide complex from this plant. In addition to verbascoside a series of known compounds were screened for their inhibitory activity against mushroom tyrosinase and protease enzymes. Ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts, together with cyclopropyl-7,15-ent-pimaradiene (1), abietatriene (2), ursolic acid (3), α-lupeol (4), β-sitosterol (5), 2-hydroxy-3-(1,1-dimethylallyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone (6), α-dunnione (7), verbascoside (8), martynoside (9), and some known model compounds proved to be inhibitors of oxidation of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) catalyzed by tyrosinase (EC 1.14.18.1) with an IC50 between 10.0 and 200 ppm or μM, respectively, suggesting that phenolic moieties in the molecules assayed are important for the activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn Muñoz
- Phytochemical-Ecology Laboratory, Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
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Stereospecific inactivation of tyrosinase by l- and d-ascorbic acid. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2009; 1794:244-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2008.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2008] [Revised: 09/30/2008] [Accepted: 10/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kubo I, Kinst-Hori I, Kubo Y, Yamagiwa Y, Kamikawa T, Haraguchi H. Molecular design of antibrowning agents. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2000; 48:1393-1399. [PMID: 10775403 DOI: 10.1021/jf990926u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinase inhibitory and antioxidant activity of gallic acid and its series of alkyl chain esters were investigated. All inhibited the oxidation of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) catalyzed by mushroom tyrosinase. However, gallic acid and its short alkyl chain esters were oxidized as substrates yielding the colored oxidation products. In contrast, the long alkyl chain esters inhibited the enzyme activity without being oxidized. This indicates that the carbon chain length is associated with their tyrosinase inhibitory activity, presumably by interacting with the hydrophobic protein pocket in the enzyme. On the other hand, the esters, regardless their carbon chain length, showed potent scavenging activity on the autoxidation of linoleic acid and 1,1-diphenyl-2-p-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, suggesting that the alkyl chain length is not related to the activity. The effects of side-chain length of gallates in relation to their antibrowning activity are studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kubo
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3112, USA.
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Edwards W, Bownes R, Leukes W, Jacobs E, Sanderson R, Rose P, Burton S. A capillary membrane bioreactor using immobilized polyphenol oxidase for the removal of phenols from industrial effluents. Enzyme Microb Technol 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(98)00110-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Nicolas JJ, Richard-Forget FC, Goupy PM, Amiot MJ, Aubert SY. Enzymatic browning reactions in apple and apple products. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 1994; 34:109-57. [PMID: 8011143 DOI: 10.1080/10408399409527653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This review examines the parameters of enzymatic browning in apple and apple products that is, phenolic compounds, polyphenoloxidases, and other factors (ascorbic acid and peroxidases), both qualitatively and quantitatively. Then the relationships between intensity of browning and the browning parameters are discussed, including a paragraph on the methods used for browning evaluation. Finally, the different methods for the control of browning are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Nicolas
- Chaire de Biochimie Industrielle et Agro-Alimentaire, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France
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Schved F, Kahn V. Synergism exerted by 4-methyl catechol, catechol, and their respective quinones on the rate of DL-DOPA oxidation by mushroom tyrosinase. PIGMENT CELL RESEARCH 1992; 5:41-8. [PMID: 1631021 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0749.1992.tb00781.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
4-Methyl catechol and catechol, at concentrations ranging from 0.03 to 9 mM and 0.066 to 20 mM, respectively, have a synergistic effect on the rate of DL-DOPA oxidation by mushroom tyrosinase to material absorbing at 475 nm. The synergism results from the ability of 4-methyl catechol-o-quinone (4-methyl-o-benzoquinone) and of catechol-o-quinone (o-benzoquinone) to oxidize DL-DOPA non-enzymatically to dopaquinone, with the later being immediately converted to dopachrome (lambda max = 475 nm).
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Affiliation(s)
- F Schved
- Department of Food Science, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
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KAHN VARDA. SYNERGISM EXERTED BY 4-TERT-BUTYLCATECHOL AND TERT-BUTYLCATECHOL QUINONE ON THE RATE OF DL-DOPA OXIDATION BY MUSHROOM TYROSINASE. J Food Biochem 1990. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4514.1990.tb00832.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Moore BM, Flurkey WH. Sodium dodecyl sulfate activation of a plant polyphenoloxidase. Effect of sodium dodecyl sulfate on enzymatic and physical characteristics of purified broad bean polyphenoloxidase. J Biol Chem 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)34072-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Vaintraub IA, Kratch VV. Changes in free and bound chlorogenic acid and in polyphenoloxidase activity during the industrial processing of sunflower seeds (Short communication). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1002/food.19890330134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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HSU A, SHIEH J, BILLS D, WHITE K. Inhibition of Mushroom Polyphenoloxidase by Ascorbic Acid Derivatives. J Food Sci 1988. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.1988.tb08951.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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