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Faiz A, Donovan C, Nieuwenhuis MA, van den Berge M, Postma DS, Yao S, Park CY, Hirsch R, Fredberg JJ, Tjin G, Halayko AJ, Rempel KL, Ward JPT, Lee T, Bossé Y, Nickle DC, Obeidat M, Vonk JM, Black JL, Oliver BG, Krishnan R, McParland B, Bourke JE, Burgess JK. Latrophilin receptors: novel bronchodilator targets in asthma. Thorax 2016; 72:74-82. [PMID: 27325752 PMCID: PMC5329048 DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2015-207236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Background Asthma affects 300 million people worldwide. In asthma, the major cause of morbidity and mortality is acute airway narrowing, due to airway smooth muscle (ASM) hypercontraction, associated with airway remodelling. However, little is known about the transcriptional differences between healthy and asthmatic ASM cells. Objectives To investigate the transcriptional differences between asthmatic and healthy airway smooth muscle cells (ASMC) in culture and investigate the identified targets using in vitro and ex vivo techniques. Methods Human asthmatic and healthy ASMC grown in culture were run on Affymetrix_Hugene_1.0_ST microarrays. Identified candidates were confirmed by PCR, and immunohistochemistry. Functional analysis was conducted using in vitro ASMC proliferation, attachment and contraction assays and ex vivo contraction of mouse airways. Results We suggest a novel role for latrophilin (LPHN) receptors, finding increased expression on ASMC from asthmatics, compared with non-asthmatics in vivo and in vitro, suggesting a role in mediating airway function. A single nucleotide polymorphism in LPHN1 was associated with asthma and with increased LPHN1 expression in lung tissue. When activated, LPHNs regulated ASMC adhesion and proliferation in vitro, and promoted contraction of mouse airways and ASMC. Conclusions Given the need for novel inhibitors of airway remodelling and bronchodilators in asthma, the LPHN family may represent promising novel targets for future dual therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Faiz
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Glebe, New South Wales, Australia.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - C Donovan
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Lung Health Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Ae Nieuwenhuis
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M van den Berge
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - D S Postma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - S Yao
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - C Y Park
- Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - R Hirsch
- Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - J J Fredberg
- Program in Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - G Tjin
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Glebe, New South Wales, Australia
| | - A J Halayko
- Manitoba Institute of Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - K L Rempel
- Manitoba Institute of Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - T Lee
- Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Y Bossé
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Laval University, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - D C Nickle
- Merck Research Laboratories, Genetics and Pharmacogenomics, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - M Obeidat
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Judith M Vonk
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J L Black
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Glebe, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - B G Oliver
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Glebe, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medical and Molecular Biosciences, University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - R Krishnan
- Center for Vascular Biology Research, Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - B McParland
- Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J E Bourke
- Department of Pharmacology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Lung Health Research Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - J K Burgess
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Glebe, New South Wales, Australia.,Discipline of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Rolle U, Brylla E, Tillig B, Chertin B, Cascio S, Puri P. Demonstration of intrinsic innervation of the guinea pig upper urinary tract using whole-mount preparation. Neurourol Urodyn 2008; 27:341-7. [PMID: 17696157 DOI: 10.1002/nau.20496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The morphology and functional importance of the autonomic nervous system in the upper urinary tract is still not completely understood. Previous histological studies investigating the innervation of the urinary tract have mainly used conventional sections in which the three-dimensional structure of the intramural innervation is difficult to achieve. In contrast, the whole-mount preparation technique is a suitable method for visualizing the distribution of the mesh-like neuronal networks within the urinary tract. METHODS The distribution and regional variation of neurofilament (NF), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), and substance P-immunoreactive (SP-IR) neurons, as well as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d)-positive neurons were investigated using whole-mount preparations of the guinea pig upper urinary tract. RESULTS Two distinct nervous plexuses were detected within the muscle layers containing NF, TH, ChAT, and SP-IR nerves. AChE-positive nerves were seen in all layers. Only moderate NADPH-d-positive innervation was found. Renal pelvis, upper and lower part of the ureter showed an overall increased innervation compared to the middle portion of the ureter. Ganglia were found at the pelviureteric border displaying NF and TH immunoreactivity. CONCLUSION The whole-mount preparation technique provides an elegant method for assessing the three-dimensional architecture of ureteral innervation. The guinea pig upper urinary tract is richly supplied with adrenergic, cholinergic, nitrergic, and sensory nerves which suggest that the autonomous nervous system plays an important role in controlling ureteral motility and blood flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udo Rolle
- Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Hospital for Sick Children, Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland.
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Jerde TJ, Saban R, Bjorling DE, Steinberg H, Nakada SY. Distribution of neuropeptides, histamine content, and inflammatory cells in the ureter. Urology 2000; 56:173-8. [PMID: 10869661 DOI: 10.1016/s0090-4295(00)00559-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the anatomic distribution of select neuropeptides (neurokinin A [NKA], substance P [SP], and bradykinin [BK]), of inflammatory cells (leukocytes and mast cells), and the histamine content in the normal swine ureter and compare the findings with regions of increased ureteral contractility. METHODS Ureters from 10 pigs were obtained and cut into eight segments, proximally to distally. A portion of each ureteral segment was suspended in Krebs buffer (37 degrees C) and attached to force displacement transducers, and spontaneous contractility was measured for 30 minutes. A second portion was assayed for histamine, NKA, SP, and BK using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A third portion was fixed in 10% buffered formalin, stained with hematoxylin-eosin, and evaluated histologically. RESULTS Ureteral contractility was found to be highest in the most proximal and most distal regions of the ureter. Similarly, SP content was three times greater in the proximal ureter and two times greater in the distal ureter than in the midureter (P <0.05, n = 10). The total NKA and BK content were also higher in the proximal and distal ureter than in the midureter. Conversely, the histamine content was consistent throughout the ureter. Moreover, no significant difference in the distribution of inflammatory cells was identified throughout the ureter. CONCLUSIONS The anatomic distribution of NKA, SP, and BK in the ureter corresponded to regions of increased spontaneous ureteral contractility, more specifically the proximal and distal ureter. Neuropeptides may play a significant role in ureteral contractility and may be a target for pharmacologic mediation during obstruction and stone passage.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Jerde
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, University of Wisconsin Medical School, Madison 53792, USA
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Maggi CA, Giuliani S, Zagorodnyuk V. Sequential activation of the triple excitatory transmission to the circular muscle of guinea-pig colon. Neuroscience 1997; 79:263-74. [PMID: 9178882 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(96)00659-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to resolve the temporal relationships of the triple excitation of the circular muscle of guinea-pig colon that occurs in response to activation of the intrinsic excitatory nerves by using atropine and tachykinin NK1 and NK2 receptor selective antagonists to define the relative contribution of the transmitters involved. In organ bath experiments, performed in the presence of blockers of inhibitory innervation, a train of electrical pulses at 5 Hz for 300 s produced a sustained contraction of the circular muscle of guinea-pig colon: the sequential addition of atropine (1 microM), of the tachykinin NK1 receptor antagonist, SR 140333 (0.3 microM) and of the tachykinin NK2 receptor antagonist, MEN 11420 (1 microM) produced a cumulative inhibitory effect and progressively delayed the onset of the contractile response to nerve stimulation. In the presence of peptidase inhibitors, atropine was less effective in inhibiting the contractile response for prolonged periods of stimulation: however, the pattern of inhibition of the evoked response produced by the sequential addition of blocker drugs was not substantially affected. The selective tachykinin NK3 receptor agonist, senktide, produced a concentration-dependent contraction of guinea-pig colon. The sequential addition of atropine (1 microM), SR 140333 (0.3 microM) and MEN 11420 (1 microM) reproduced the effect of the same drugs on the response to electrical nerve stimulation. The peptide blocker of N-type voltage-dependent calcium channels, omega-conotoxin (0.1 microM) produced a partial inhibitory effect of the response to senktide. The omega-conotoxin-resistant response to 1 microM senktide was inhibited and delayed by the progressive application of atropine, SR 140333 and MEN 11420, similar to the effect observed in the absence of omega-conotoxin. In sucrose gap, single-pulse electrical field stimulation produced a fast excitatory junction potential which was largely (90%) inhibited by atropine; application of a low concentration of the potassium channel blocker, 4-aminopyridine (30 microM), markedly enhanced the atropine-resistant excitatory junction potential which was abolished by the NK1 receptor antagonist, GR 82334. We conclude that, during prolonged electrical or chemical stimulation of excitatory motorneurons, there is a sequential, time-dependent activation of the three excitatory mechanisms in the circular muscle of guinea-pig colon: the pattern of activation is relatively independent of the intensity of stimulation and/or the mechanisms of secretion of released transmitters. Postjunctional factors predominate in determining the relative contribution of the three transmitters, acetylcholine, substance P and neurokinin A, in producing excitation of the circular muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Maggi
- Pharmacology Department, Menarini Ricerche, Florence, Italy
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Ny L, Waldeck K, Carlemalm E, Andersson KE. Alpha-latrotoxin-induced transmitter release in feline oesophageal smooth muscle: focus on nitric oxide and vasoactive intestinal peptide. Br J Pharmacol 1996; 120:31-8. [PMID: 9117095 PMCID: PMC1564354 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0700882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
1. The effects of alpha-latrotoxin (alpha LTX) on muscle tone, resting membrane potential, cyclic nucleotide content, and ultrastructure were examined in feline oesophageal smooth muscle, including the lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS). 2. In circular smooth muscle strips from LOS developing active tone alpha LTX (1 nM) induced a 94 +/- 3% (n = 16) relaxation. Intermittent treatment with alpha LTX for 4 h abolished the response. Pretreatment with NG-nitro-L-arginine (L-NOARG; 0.1 mM) attenuated the relaxation. 3. In carbachol-contracted circular smooth muscle strips from the LOS and oesophageal body (OB), alpha LTX induced a 95 +/- 5% (n = 6) and 73 +/- 9% (n = 8) relaxation, respectively. The relaxations were attenuated by L-NOARG, and in LOS strips, the relaxation was abolished by the combination of L-NOARG and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-antiserum (1:25). At resting tension in circular smooth muscle strips from the OB, alpha LTX induced a scopolamine sensitive contraction in the presence of L-NOARG. 4. In circular LOS and OB preparations, alpha LTX changed the resting membrane potential from -49 +/- 2mV to -59 +/- 3 mV (n = 4), and -62 +/- 2 mV to -71 +/- 3 mV (n = 4), respectively. 5. The alpha LTX-induced relaxation of LOS and OB muscle was associated with a 138% and 72% increase in cyclic GMP levels, respectively. No changes in cyclic AMP levels were observed. 6. Ultrastructural analysis of LOS and OB revealed a rich supply of nerve profiles containing small synaptic and large dense core vesicles. alpha LTX treatment resulted in a loss of both types of vesicle. 7. These results suggest that alpha LTX induces relaxation of oesophageal circular smooth muscle associated with NO-generation and transmitter release from synaptic vesicles. Beside NO, VIP seems to be involved in the relaxant effects of alpha LTX on the LOS. In addition, alpha LTX may have contractile effects by release of acetylcholine.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ny
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Lund University Hospital, Sweden
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