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Healey A, Siefried KJ, Harrod ME, Franklin E, Peacock A, Barratt MJ, Brett J. Correlates of higher-risk drug-related behaviours at music festivals in New South Wales, Australia. Drug Alcohol Rev 2021; 41:320-329. [PMID: 34793619 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are few contemporary data on illicit drug use at music festivals. We describe drug use patterns and prevalence of specific higher-risk drug-related behaviours, and their associations with festivalgoer characteristics. METHODS We approached attendees at six major music festivals in New South Wales, Australia, from November 2019 to March 2020. Participants self-completed an anonymous survey on prior and intended drug use and associated higher-risk behaviours; double dropping; higher-volume ethanol alongside drug use; higher quantity 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA); mixing stimulants; and preloading. Logistic regression and UpSet analyses were performed to identify festivalgoer characteristics and the intersection of high-risk behaviours, respectively. RESULTS Of 1229 participants, 372 (30.3%) used or planned to use drugs at the festival. In multivariable analyses, men and those purchasing drugs both inside and outside the venue had greater odds of engaging in higher-risk behaviours. Of those using MDMA, 47.9% reported double dropping. People using drugs for the first time had 3.3 (95% confidence interval 1.2-8.7) greater odds of higher-volume ethanol alongside drug use. People reporting that police/police dog presence influenced their decision to take drugs had 2.2 (95% confidence interval 1.4-3.6) greater odds of preloading. In UpSet analysis, preloading was the most common intersection (17% of those using drugs). DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS Engagement in the five higher-risk drug behaviours was common, particularly amongst males and those using drugs for the first time, while police/police dog presence appeared to influence higher-risk behaviours amongst festival attendees. This information can be used to inform harm reduction advice, public health and law enforcement strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Healey
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Krista J Siefried
- Alcohol and Drug Service, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,National Centre for Clinical Research on Emerging Drugs, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Erica Franklin
- DanceWize NSW, New South Wales Users Association, Sydney, Australia
| | - Amy Peacock
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,School of Psychology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Monica J Barratt
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Social and Global Studies Centre and Digital Ethnography Research Centre, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jonathan Brett
- St Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Alcohol and Drug Service, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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2
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Haeder SF, Sylvester S, Callaghan T. Shared Stigma: The Effect of LGBT Status on Attitudes About the Opioid Epidemic. WORLD MEDICAL & HEALTH POLICY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/wmh3.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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3
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Sanders JM. Seeking Acceptance: LGBTQ and Membership in Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). ALCOHOLISM TREATMENT QUARTERLY 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/07347324.2020.1738295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jolene M. Sanders
- Department of Sociology & Social Work, Hood College, Frederick, Maryland, USA
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Lightner JS, Heinrich KM, Sanderson MR. A Population-Based Study of Coupling and Physical Activity by Sexual Orientation for Men. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2020; 67:1533-1541. [PMID: 31020924 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2019.1601435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Research has suggested that men in relationships are more physically active than men who are single. This study provides a weighted analysis of physical activity by coupling status for men of different sexual orientations. Aggregated data from the United States 2013-2014 National Health Interview Survey were used to conduct multivariate logistic regression analyses. Compared to straight men (n = 29,926), gay men (n = 623) were less likely to be in a relationship (AOR 0.32, CI: 0.25-0.41). Coupled gay men did more physical activity than coupled straight men and were 1.62 (CI: 1.05-2.50) times more likely to be active, 1.67 (CI: 1.10-2.51) times more likely to be high active, 1.89 (CI: 1.24-2.89) times more likely to engage in muscle-strengthening activities, and 2.00 (CI: 1.28-3.11) times more likely to meet aerobic and muscle-strengthening recommendations. Coupling facilitates physical activity for men. However, more research is needed to help explore underlying mechanisms for differences by sexuality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph S Lightner
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Missouri-Kansas City , Kansas City, Missouri, USA
- Missouri Health Department , Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Katie M Heinrich
- Department of Kinesiology, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Matthew R Sanderson
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work, Kansas State University , Manhattan, Kansas, USA
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5
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Jordan KM. Substance Abuse Among Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender, and Questioning Adolescents. SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/02796015.2000.12086008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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6
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Jun HJ, Webb-Morgan M, Felner JK, Wisdom JP, Haley SJ, Austin SB, Katuska LM, Corliss HL. Sexual orientation and gender identity disparities in substance use disorders during young adulthood in a United States longitudinal cohort. Drug Alcohol Depend 2019; 205:107619. [PMID: 31678835 PMCID: PMC7437659 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined associations of sexual orientation and gender identity with prevalence of substance use disorders (SUDs) and co-occurring multiple SUDs in the past 12-months during young adulthood in a United States longitudinal cohort. METHODS Questionnaires self-administered in 2010 and 2015 assessed probable past 12-month nicotine dependence, alcohol abuse and dependence, and drug abuse and dependence among 12,428 participants of an ongoing cohort study when they were ages 20-35 years. Binary or multinomial logistic regressions using generalized estimating equations were used to estimate differences by sexual orientation and gender identity in the odds of SUDs and multiple SUDs, stratified by sex assigned at birth. RESULTS Compared with completely heterosexuals (CH), sexual minority (SM; i.e., mostly heterosexual, bisexual, lesbian/gay) participants were generally more likely to have a SUD, including multiple SUDs. Among participants assigned female at birth, adjusted odds ratios (AORs) for SUDs comparing SMs to CHs ranged from 1.61 to 6.97 (ps<.05); among participants assigned male at birth, AORs ranged from 1.30 to 3.08, and were statistically significant for 62% of the estimates. Apart from elevated alcohol dependence among gender minority participants assigned male at birth compared with cisgender males (AOR: 2.30; p < .05), gender identity was not associated with prevalence of SUDs. CONCLUSIONS Sexual and gender minority (SGM) young adults disproportionately evidence SUDs, as well as co-occurring multiple SUDs. Findings related to gender identity and bisexuals assigned male at birth should be interpreted with caution due to small sample sizes. SUD prevention and treatment efforts should focus on SGM young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jin Jun
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA,Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
| | - Megan Webb-Morgan
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer K. Felner
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA,Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
| | | | - Sean J. Haley
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - S. Bryn Austin
- Department of Social and Behavioral Science, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura M. Katuska
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heather L. Corliss
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA,Institute for Behavioral and Community Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Knox J, Reddy V, Lane T, Lovasi G, Hasin D, Sandfort T. Determinants of hazardous drinking among black South African men who have sex with men. Drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 180:14-21. [PMID: 28850902 PMCID: PMC5648600 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a known heavy burden of hazardous drinking and its associated health risks among black South African MSM; however, no study to date has identified risk factors for hazardous drinking among this nor any other African MSM population. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 480 black South African MSM recruited using respondent-driven sampling. All analyses were adjusted using an RDS II estimator. Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between demographic characteristics, psychosocial factors, behavioral attributes and hazardous drinking. RESULTS More than half of the men (62%, 95%CI=56%-68%) screened positive as hazardous drinkers. In multivariable analyses, living in a township (versus the city of Pretoria) (aOR=1.9, 95%CI=1.2-3.1, p<.01), more gender dysphoria (aOR=1.4, 95%CI=1.0-1.8, p=.03), having ever received money or other incentives in return for sex (aOR=2.4, 95%CI=1.3-4.3, p<.01), having been sexually abused as a child (aOR=2.6, 95%CI=1.1-6.4, p=.03), having anxiety (aOR=5.4, 95%CI=1.2-24.3, p=.03), and social network drinking behavior (aOR=5.4, 95%CI=1.2-24.3, p=.03) were positively associated with hazardous drinking. Being sexually attracted only to men (aOR=0.3, 95%CI=0.1-0.8, p=.01) was negatively associated with hazardous drinking. DISCUSSION Hazardous drinking is highly prevalent among black South African MSM. Multiple indicators of social vulnerability were identified as independent determinants of hazardous drinking. These findings are of heightened concern because these health problems often work synergistically to increase risk of HIV infection and should be taken into consideration by efforts aimed at reducing hazardous drinking among this critical population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Knox
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Vasu Reddy
- Faculty of Humanities, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Tim Lane
- Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Gina Lovasi
- Department of Epidemiology, Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Deborah Hasin
- Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, United States
| | - Theo Sandfort
- HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, NYS Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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Charlebois ED, Plenty AH, Lin J, Ayala A, Hecht J. Impact of a Structural Intervention to Address Alcohol Use Among Gay Bar Patrons in San Francisco: The PACE Study. AIDS Behav 2017; 21:193-202. [PMID: 28840396 PMCID: PMC5651708 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-017-1891-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the impact on alcohol intake and blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of a multi-level structural intervention to increase the availability of free water, coupled with messaging on pacing alcohol intake and normative feedback of blood alcohol concentration in a convenience sample of gay bars in San Francisco. Participants (n = 1,293) were recruited among exiting patrons of four gay bars (two intervention bars and two control bars). Participants were surveyed on alcohol intake and BAC was measured by breathalyzer. Prior to the intervention there were no significant differences in baseline alcohol measures between intervention and control bars. Post-intervention there were significant differences on objective and subjective measures of alcohol consumption: 30% of intervention bar participants had BAC% levels over the legal driving limit (0.08%) compared to 43% of control bar participants, p < 0.0001 and 78% of intervention bar participants were above the AUDIT-C cut-off for hazardous drinking compared to 87% in control bars, p < 0.001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin D Charlebois
- Division of Prevention Science, Department of Medicine, Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San Francisco, 550 15th St., 3rd Floor UCSF Mail Code 0886, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
| | - Albert H Plenty
- Division of Prevention Science, Department of Medicine, Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San Francisco, 550 15th St., 3rd Floor UCSF Mail Code 0886, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Jessica Lin
- STOP AIDS Project, San Francisco AIDS Foundation, 1035 Market Street, Suite 400, San Francisco, CA, 94103, USA
| | - Alicia Ayala
- STOP AIDS Project, San Francisco AIDS Foundation, 1035 Market Street, Suite 400, San Francisco, CA, 94103, USA
| | - Jennifer Hecht
- STOP AIDS Project, San Francisco AIDS Foundation, 1035 Market Street, Suite 400, San Francisco, CA, 94103, USA
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9
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Feinstein BA, Dyar C, London B. Are Outness and Community Involvement Risk or Protective Factors for Alcohol and Drug Abuse Among Sexual Minority Women? ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2017; 46:1411-1423. [PMID: 27473072 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-016-0790-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Sexual minority women (SMW) are at increased risk for substance abuse compared to heterosexual women. Two psychosocial factors that have been implicated in SMW's substance abuse are outness and LGBT community involvement, but findings have been mixed as to whether these are risk or protective factors. One possible explanation is that they may have different consequences for subgroups of SMW (lesbians, bisexual women, and queer women). While being open about one's sexual orientation and involved in the community may be protective for lesbians, discrimination against bisexual women may lead these same factors to contribute to substance abuse for bisexual women. It is unclear how these associations will operate for queer women, given limited research on this subpopulation. The current study examined whether sexual identity moderated the associations between outness and community involvement with alcohol and drug abuse. We also examined whether perceived discrimination would help explain why these associations may be different for subgroups of SMW. A sample of 288 self-identified SMW (113 lesbians, 106 bisexual women, and 69 queer women) completed an online survey. Higher outness was associated with higher alcohol and drug abuse for bisexual women, but not for lesbians or queer women. Similarly, higher community involvement was associated with higher drug abuse for bisexual women, but not for lesbians or queer women. Among bisexual women, the association between community involvement and drug abuse was mediated by perceived discrimination. Further, the association between outness and drug abuse was mediated by both community involvement and perceived discrimination. Findings demonstrate that outness and community involvement function as risk factors for substance abuse for bisexual women, in part due to their associations with discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Feinstein
- Department of Medical Social Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, 625 N. Michigan Ave., Suite 2700, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Christina Dyar
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Bonita London
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Kerr-Corrêa F, Pinheiro Júnior FML, Martins TA, Costa DLDC, Macena RHM, Mota RMS, Yaegaschi MY, Carneiro KLL, Kendall C, Kerr LRFS. Hazardous alcohol use among transwomen in a Brazilian city. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2017; 33:e00008815. [DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00008815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract: There is a lack of information about alcohol use by transgender women. We estimated the prevalence of dangerous alcohol use in the last 12 months by transgender women, who are known as travestis in Brazil, and we identified the associated risk factors. Three hundred travestis were recruited using Respondent Driving Sampling (RDS). We applied the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). We controlled the sample by applying a weight to each interviewee. Three quarters (74.2%) of travestis were regular drinkers, half (48.7%) scored over eight in the AUDIT and 14.8% scored over 20. The risk factors for alcohol use were: aged over 24, low income and unprotected sex. The dangerous use of alcohol is prevalent among travestis. Given that this group has a greater risk of HIV infection and transmission, and that the dangerous use of alcohol was associated with unsafe sex, specific intervention strategies are required.
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Kubicek K, McDavitt B, Carpineto J, Weiss G, Iverson EF, Kipke MD. Making Informed Decisions: How Attitudes and Perceptions Affect the Use of Crystal, Cocaine, and Ecstasy among Young Men Who Have Sex with Men. JOURNAL OF DRUG ISSUES 2016; 37:643-674. [DOI: 10.1177/002204260703700308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Although the use of illicit substances, particularly those commonly categorized as “club drugs”, among men who have sex with men (MSM), is well established in the literature, little is known about the decision making process that is used in deciding whether or not to use a particular substance. In this study, we examine the positive and negative attitudes and perceptions among young men who have sex with men (YMSM) in regards to three specific drugs: crystal methamphetamine, cocaine, and ecstasy. The findings reported here emerged from the baseline quantitative interviews and an accompanying qualitative phase of the Healthy Young Men's study (HYM), a longitudinal study examining risk and protective factors for substance use and sexual risk among an ethnically diverse sample of YMSM. Findings are discussed in relation to framing how service providers and others can design new and innovative interventions to prevent young men from initiating substance use.
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12
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Rosario M, Hunter J, Gwadz M. Exploration of Substance Use Among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Youth. JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0743554897124003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence and correlates of substance use and abuse were explored among lesbian, gay male, and bisexual youth recruitedfrom gay-focused organizations in New York City. Lifetime substance use was prevalent andfrequent, as was quantity of use and substance abuse symptoms. Few significant gender or ethnic differences emerged, but the significant differences unexpectedly indicated that the female youth were at greater risk for substance abuse than the male youth. Number of substances ever used and substance abuse symptoms were associated with initiating alcohol and illicit drugs to cope with psychological issues. Howeve, number of substances ever used and substance abuse symptoms were not explained by social learning theory, social control theory, or self-derogation theory when relations were explored. Thefindings are interpretedfrom the perspective of sexual identity, specifically that gay, lesbian, and bisexual youth may use substances to cope with the societal stigma of homosexuality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marya Gwadz
- New York State Psychiatric, Institute and Columbia University
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14
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Hall JM. Lesbians’ participation in Alcoholics Anonymous: experiences of social, personal, and political tensions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/009145099602300110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne M. Hall
- School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee (Milwaukee, WI 53201)
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15
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Abstract
Most research on lesbians has used self-report questionnaires, and assumed that respondents who complete a “lesbian” questionnaire self-identify as lesbians and engage in sexual relationships with women. The present study examined the degree to which 2,393 women who answered a “Lesbian Wellness Survey” are distributed on five aspects of lesbian sexuality and the coming-out process. The five aspects were: (a) Sexual Orientation (numerical rating of sexual identity from exclusively lesbian/gay to exclusively heterosexual); (b) Years Out (length of time of self-identity as lesbian/gay/bisexual); (c) Outness/Disclosure (amount of disclosure of sexual orientation to others); (d) Sexual Experience (proportion of sexual relationships with women); and (e) Lesbian Activities (extent of participation in lesbian community events). Mild but significant correlations were found among these dimensions, indicating that being lesbian is not a homogeneous experience. Closer examination by the demographic characteristics of race/ethnicity and age revealed a diversity of experience. African American, Native American, and Latina respondents had moderate correlations among these aspects of lesbian experience, whereas White and Asian American respondents evidenced only mild or nonsignificant correlations. The results indicate that researchers who are studying one aspect of the lesbian experience (e.g., outness to others) need to ensure that they are not assuming such behavior based on other dimensions (such as frequent participation in lesbian community activities or years of being out), especially among White and Asian American lesbians.
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16
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Parks CA. Lesbian Social Drinking: The Role of Alcohol in Growing up and Living as Lesbian. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/009145099902600105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lesbians reportedly use alcohol more frequently and in greater quantities than heterosexuals, conceivably placing them at greater risk for alcohol-related problems. Past theorists have suggested psychosocial variables such as stress or the centrality of the gay bar to account for these findings. Researchers have not examined lesbian drinking within its historical, social, and cultural contexts. This paper reviews findings of a qualitative interview study examining sexual identity development and alcohol use patterns of 31 self-identified lesbian social drinkers. Findings reveal the importance of multiple contexts to understanding lesbian drinking. The author proposes a correspondence between identity development and alcohol use, as both are affected by the changing social conditions of different historic eras. The normalized presence of alcohol in lesbian contexts and norms related to its use present distinctive dilemmas for alcohol problem identification and treatment with this population. These findings have several implications for practice with lesbian clients.
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17
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Allen VC, Myers HF, Ray L. The Association Between Alcohol Consumption and Condom Use: Considering Correlates of HIV Risk Among Black Men Who Have Sex with Men. AIDS Behav 2015; 19:1689-700. [PMID: 25935215 PMCID: PMC4553138 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-015-1075-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological data indicate Black men who have sex with men (MSM) are the most at-risk group for HIV infection. However, the factors driving this disparity are not fully understood. Condom use remains a significant point of intervention in mitigating sexually transmitted infections. Alcohol consumption is highly prevalent among Black MSM, has a significant role in the culture of sex, and may significantly interfere with condom use. This review will examine the relationship between alcohol consumption and condom use among Black MSM. In this review we, (a) discuss the prevalence of alcohol use among MSM and its association with condom use; (b) consider the role of alcohol in the culture of MSM; (c) review the literature on the relationship between alcohol and condom use; and (d) discuss the role of several empirically-supported moderating variables in strengthening the relationship between alcohol use and noncondom use. This review places the finding and implications for HIV risk among Black MSM in the context of the broader literature on MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent C Allen
- Psychology Department, University of California, Los Angeles, 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-1563, USA,
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Marshall BDL, Shoveller JA, Kahler CW, Koblin BA, Mayer KH, Mimiaga MJ, van den Berg JJ, Zaller ND, Operario D. Heavy drinking trajectories among men who have sex with men: a longitudinal, group-based analysis. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 39:380-9. [PMID: 25684055 PMCID: PMC4331451 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy episodic drinking (HED) is associated with sexual risk behavior and HIV seroconversion among men who have sex with men (MSM), yet few studies have examined heavy drinking typologies in this population. METHODS We analyzed data from 4,075 HIV-uninfected MSM (aged 16 to 88) participating in EXPLORE, a 48-month behavioral intervention trial, to determine the patterns and predictors of HED trajectories. HED was defined as the number of days in which ≥5 alcohol drinks were consumed in the past 6 months. Longitudinal group-based mixture models were used to identify HED trajectories, and multinomial logistic regression was used to determine correlates of membership in each group. RESULTS We identified 5 distinct HED trajectories: nonheavy drinkers (31.9%); infrequent heavy drinkers (i.e., <10 heavy drinking days per 6-month period, 54.3%); regular heavy drinkers (30 to 45 heavy drinking days per 6 months, 8.4%); drinkers who increased HED over time (average 33 days in the past 6 months to 77 days at end of follow-up, 3.6%); and very frequent heavy drinkers (>100 days per 6 months, 1.7%). Intervention arm did not predict drinking trajectory patterns. Younger age, self-identifying as white, lower educational attainment, depressive symptoms, and stimulant use were associated with reporting heavier drinking trajectories. Compared to nonheavy drinkers, participants who increased HED more often experienced a history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA). Over the study period, depressive symptomatology increased significantly among very frequent heavy drinkers. CONCLUSIONS Socioeconomic factors, substance use, depression, and CSA were associated with heavier drinking patterns among MSM. Multicomponent interventions to reduce HED should seek to mitigate the adverse impacts of low educational attainment, depression, and early traumatic life events on the initiation, continuation, or escalation of frequent HED among MSM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon DL Marshall
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Box G-S-121-2 Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Jean A. Shoveller
- School of Population and Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2206 East Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Christopher W. Kahler
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Box G-S-121-4, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
- Brown University Alcohol Research Center on HIV/AIDS, 121 South Main Street, Box G-S-121-5, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Beryl A. Koblin
- New York Blood Center, 310 East 67 Street, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Kenneth H. Mayer
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Ansin Building, 1340 Boylston Street, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA Division of Infectious Diseases, The Miriam Hospital, 164 Summit Avenue, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School/Massachusetts General Hospital, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Matthew J. Mimiaga
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Ansin Building, 1340 Boylston Street, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School/Massachusetts General Hospital, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jacob J. van den Berg
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Box G-S-121-4, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The Miriam Hospital, 164 Summit Ave, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
| | - Nickolas D. Zaller
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The Miriam Hospital, 164 Summit Ave, Providence, RI, 02906, USA
| | - Don Operario
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Box G-S-121-4, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
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19
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Arfken CL, Owens D, Madeja C, DeAngelis C. Exploratory Comparative Study on the Diffusion of Synthetic Cannabinoids and Synthetic Cathinones. J Psychoactive Drugs 2014; 46:362-8. [DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2014.959214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia L. Arfken
- Professor, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
| | - Darlene Owens
- Treatment Services Manager, Southeast Michigan Community Alliance, Taylor, MI, and Director of Substance Use Disorders Initiatives, Detroit Wayne Mental Health Authority, Detroit, MI
| | - Cheryl Madeja
- Research Assistant, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
- CLM Consultants, Royal Oak, MI
| | - Christina DeAngelis
- Research Assistant, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI
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20
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Gilbert PA, Perreira K, Eng E, Rhodes SD. Social stressors and alcohol use among immigrant sexual and gender minority Latinos in a nontraditional settlement state. Subst Use Misuse 2014; 49:1365-75. [PMID: 24708429 PMCID: PMC4167708 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2014.901389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We sought to quantify the association of social stressors with alcohol use among immigrant sexual and gender minority Latinos in North Carolina (n = 190). We modeled any drinking in past year using logistic regression and heavy episodic drinking in past 30 days using Poisson regression. Despite a large proportion of abstainers, there were indications of hazardous drinking. Among current drinkers, 63% reported at least one heavy drinking episode in past 30 days. Ethnic discrimination increased, and social support decreased, odds of any drinking in past year. Social support moderated the associations of English use and ethnic discrimination with heavy episodic drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Gilbert
- 1Alcohol Research Group, Public Health Institute , Emeryville, Callifornia , USA
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21
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Abstract
The spread of HIV and other STDs among men who have sex with men (MSM) has been labeled a syndemic because in this population a number of different and interrelated health problems have come together and interact with one another. The various elements of the syndemic have an additive effect, each one intensifying the others. These factors include the number of infectious diseases endemic in this population, the high rate of substance abuse problems and psychological disorders, and the significant percentage of MSM who have experienced childhood sexual abuse and other adverse events. While MSM are disproportionately affected by HIV, syphilis, and other STDs, health activists from the gay community have systematically resisted the application of the full range of public health strategies traditionally used to prevent their spread. In the more than three decades since the beginning of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, there have been substantial advances in testing and treatment, yet the infection rate among MSM, and particularly young MSM, remains high, even as it has been dropping among other risk groups. This paper deals with the history of the syndemic, the failure of various risk reduction strategies, and treatment as prevention.
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22
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Paul JP, Boylan R, Gregorich S, Ayala G, Choi KH. Substance use and experienced stigmatization among ethnic minority men who have sex with men in the United States. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2014; 13:430-47. [PMID: 25397640 PMCID: PMC4235618 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2014.958640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Research has documented deleterious effects of racism among ethnic minorities and of homophobia among men who have sex with men (MSM). Less is known about the impact of multiple forms of stigmatization on ethnic minority MSM. This study examined substance use by African American, Asian/Pacific Islander and Latino MSM, and the associations of experienced racism and homophobia from various sources with polydrug use and stimulant drug use. Experienced racism within the general community was associated with higher levels of use; other forms of discrimination were either not associated with polydrug or stimulant use or had more complex relationships with use. Implications for further research and interventions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay P Paul
- a Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California , San Francisco , California
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23
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Coleman JD, Irwin JA, Wilson RC, Miller HC. The South Carolina LGBT needs assessment: a descriptive overview. JOURNAL OF HOMOSEXUALITY 2014; 61:1152-1171. [PMID: 24345299 DOI: 10.1080/00918369.2014.872515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Limited quantitative information exists about the demographics and needs of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons in South Carolina, a predominately rural Southern state. Responses to a needs assessment survey (n = 715) were analyzed to understand the diversity and needs of members of the LGBT community in SC. The purpose was to inform future programming and guide the development of a more comprehensive portfolio of services to be offered by a local LGBT community center. Findings suggest that a diverse LGBT community exists in SC and needs include increased programming for community members as well as efforts to provide policy-level support and increased acceptability and understanding of LGBT persons in South Carolina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Coleman
- a School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation , University of Nebraska at Omaha , Omaha , Nebraska , USA
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24
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Agnich LE, Stogner JM, Miller BL, Marcum CD. Purple drank prevalence and characteristics of misusers of codeine cough syrup mixtures. Addict Behav 2013; 38:2445-9. [PMID: 23688907 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A mixture of codeine cough syrup with alcohol and/or a soft drink known as "purple drank" has gained media attention in recent years as a drug associated with professional athletes and southern rap music. The existing research on purple drank consumption has primarily utilized samples of African Americans residing in the Houston, Texas area. This is the first scholarly study of purple drank use outside of the Houston, Texas area among a general population of young adults, and indicates that purple drank use is not limited to African American males. The findings depict higher odds of the use of purple drank among other racial and ethnic groups, males, and homosexual, bisexual, and transgender college students from urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Agnich
- Department of Criminal Justice and Criminology, Georgia Southern University, P.O. Box 8105, Statesboro, GA 30460-8105, United States.
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25
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Chow C, Vallance K, Stockwell T, Macdonald S, Martin G, Ivsins A, Marsh DC, Michelow W, Roth E, Duff C. Sexual identity and drug use harm among high-risk, active substance users. CULTURE, HEALTH & SEXUALITY 2013; 15:311-326. [PMID: 23311592 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2012.754054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Research shows that sexual minorities are at greater risk for illicit substance use and related harm than their heterosexual counterparts. This study examines a group of active drug users to assess whether sexual identity predicts increased risk of substance use and harm from ecstasy, ketamine, alcohol, marijuana, cocaine and crack. Structured interviews were conducted with participants aged 15 years and older in Vancouver and Victoria, BC, Canada, during 2008-2012. Harm was measured with the World Health Organization's AUDIT and ASSIST tools. Regression analysis controlling for age, gender, education, housing and employment revealed lesbian, gay or bisexual individuals were significantly more likely to have used ecstasy, ketamine and alcohol in the past 30 days compared to heterosexual participants. Inadequate housing increased the likelihood of crack use among both lesbian, gay and bisexuals and heterosexuals, but with considerably higher odds for the lesbian, gay and bisexual group. Lesbian, gay and bisexual participants reported less alcohol harm but greater ecstasy and ketamine harm, the latter two categorised by the ASSIST as amphetamine and hallucinogen harms. Results suggest encouraging harm reduction among sexual minority, high-risk drug users, emphasising ecstasy and ketamine. The impact of stable housing on drug use should also be considered.
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26
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Lea T, Reynolds R, de Wit J. Alcohol and club drug use among same-sex attracted young people: associations with frequenting the lesbian and gay scene and other bars and nightclubs. Subst Use Misuse 2013; 48:129-36. [PMID: 23127199 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2012.733904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether the lesbian and gay "scene" of bars and nightclubs is a more common site for club drug use than other bars and clubs. A cross-sectional, online survey was conducted with 254 same-sex attracted women and 318 men aged 18-25 in Sydney, Australia. Drug use was more likely in those who attended any venue type more frequently. Men, but not women, were more likely to report drug use in lesbian and gay venues than other venues. Club drug use may be more normalized within the lesbian and gay scene than elsewhere, particularly among young men. The study's limitations are noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toby Lea
- National Centre in HIV Social Research, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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27
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Wells BE, Kelly BC, Pawson M, Leclair A, Parsons JT, Golub SA. Correlates of concurrent energy drink and alcohol use among socially active adults. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2012; 39:8-15. [PMID: 23030475 DOI: 10.3109/00952990.2012.720320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research indicates that energy drink consumption and the combined use of energy drinks and alcohol are popular among young adults, although this research has typically focused on college students. Because of the potential for harms associated with this combination, it is critical to understand use among adults in nightlife scenes who may be most at risk for harms associated with combined energy drink and alcohol consumption. OBJECTIVES By focusing our sample on individuals in a range of nightlife scenes, we aim to gain a deeper understanding of the demographic factors associated with energy drink use and combined energy drink and alcohol consumption to benefit the targeting of intervention and prevention efforts beyond college campuses. METHODS Using a field-based survey in New York City to survey adults active in various nightlife scenes, this study reports on the survey results of 1476 venue patrons at venues in five nightlife scenes in addition to college bar scenes. RESULTS Men, younger individuals, Latinos, and sexual minority individuals reported higher prevalence of recent energy drink consumption. Younger individuals, men, and those recruited in gay venues reported higher prevalence of combining alcohol and energy drinks. CONCLUSION These findings provide information useful to target education and prevention efforts. They also suggest the need for additional research to understand differences in motivations for use and in the behavioral and alcohol-related outcomes associated with consuming energy drinks and combining them with alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke E Wells
- Center for HIV Educational Studies & Training, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
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28
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Gattis MN, Sacco P, Cunningham-Williams RM. Substance use and mental health disorders among heterosexual identified men and women who have same-sex partners or same-sex attraction: results from the national epidemiological survey on alcohol and related conditions. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2012; 41:1185-97. [PMID: 22549338 PMCID: PMC4731090 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-012-9910-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2010] [Revised: 01/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This study examined sexual orientation discordance, a mismatch between self-reported sexual identity and sexual behavior or sexual attraction, by describing the characteristics, substance use disorders, and mental health risks of heterosexual identified individuals who endorsed this pattern of sexual identification, behavior, and attraction. Using data from the National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), we created three groups based on participants' reported sexual identity and either their sexual behavior or sexual attraction: heterosexual concordant, homosexual concordant, and heterosexual discordant. Bivariate models assessed the relationship of discordant status and demographic correlates, lifetime substance use disorders, and mental health diagnoses. Logistic regression models tested associations between both behavior discordance and attraction discordance and the likelihood of having lifetime disorders of substance use, major depression, and generalized anxiety. Results of this study provided evidence of varying levels of substance use and mental health disorder risk by gender, discordance status, and discordance type. Behavioral discordance was associated with increased risk of mental health and substance use disorder among women (compared to heterosexual concordance). Findings among men were less consistent with heightened risk of alcohol and inhalant use only. Attraction discordance was notably different from behavioral discordance. The odds of substance use and mental health disorders were the same or lower compared with both the heterosexual and homosexual concordance groups. Future research should begin to test theoretical explanations for these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice N Gattis
- School of Social Work, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1350 University Ave., Madison, WI 53706-1510, USA.
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29
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Senreich E. Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Clients in a Substance Abuse Treatment Program Serving a Mostly Black and Hispanic Population. JOURNAL OF LGBT ISSUES IN COUNSELING 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/15538605.2012.730474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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30
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Greene DC, Britton PJ. Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Smokers: Correlations with External Health Control, Health Expectations, and Shame-Focused Coping Strategies. JOURNAL OF LGBTQ ISSUES IN COUNSELING 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/15538605.2012.710522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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31
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McKirnan DJ, Du Bois SN, Alvy LM, Jones K. Health Care Access and Health Behaviors Among Men Who Have Sex With Men. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2012; 40:32-41. [DOI: 10.1177/1090198111436340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Men who have sex with men (MSM) appear to experience barriers to health care compared with general population men. This report examines individual differences in health care access within a diverse sample of urban MSM ( N = 871). The authors examined demographic differences in health care access and the relation between access and health-related attitudes, health behaviors, and HIV transmission risk. They operationalized health care access in terms of three indicators: perceived barriers, insurance status, and recent medical visit. Twenty-seven percent ( n = 227) of MSM reported zero or one health care access indicator. African American and Latino race/ethnicity, lower income, and HIV-unknown status were associated with limited health care access. Limited health care access was related to health care attitudes (mistrust in the health care system and difficulty disclosing MSM status to providers), general health behaviors (smoking, never being HIV-tested, and drug abuse), and sexual risk–related variables (low self-efficacy for sexual safety, consistent drug use during sex, and HIV transmission risk). Overall, among MSM, less health care access relates to several adverse psychological constructs and health behaviors. Researchers and public health officials should address limited health care access, and its consequences, in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. McKirnan
- The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Howard Brown Health Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Steve N. Du Bois
- The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Howard Brown Health Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lisa M. Alvy
- The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Howard Brown Health Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kyle Jones
- The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
- Howard Brown Health Center, Chicago, IL, USA
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32
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Matthews CR, Selvidge MMD, Fisher K. Addictions Counselors' Attitudes and Behaviors Toward Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Clients. JOURNAL OF COUNSELING AND DEVELOPMENT 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/j.1556-6678.2005.tb00580.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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33
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Green KE, Feinstein BA. Substance use in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: an update on empirical research and implications for treatment. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2011; 26:265-78. [PMID: 22061339 DOI: 10.1037/a0025424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Historically, substance use problems were thought to be more prevalent in lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) populations, and correcting skewed perceptions about substance abuse among LGB individuals is critically important. This review provides an update on empirical evidence on LGB substance use patterns and treatment outcome, with specific focus on clinical implications of findings. Compared to earlier studies, the recent research included in this review has used more sophisticated methodologies and more representative samples, and also has investigated multiple dimensions of sexual orientation in relation to substance use patterns. Findings from recent research suggest that lesbians and bisexual women are at greater risk for alcohol and drug use disorders and related problems, and that gay and bisexual men are at greater risk for illicit drug use and related problems. Several sociocultural factors have emerged as correlates of substance use patterns in LGB populations (e.g., affiliation with gay culture, HIV status), and several demographic characteristics (e.g., female, older age) do not appear to be as robust of protective factors against substance abuse for LGB individuals compared to heterosexual populations. Bisexual identity and/or behavior in particular seem to be related to increased risk for substance abuse. In terms of treatment outcome, limitations of extant research prevent conclusions about the relative impact of LGB-specific interventions, and further research that includes women and uses more equivalent comparison interventions is needed. Clinical implications of research findings are discussed for case identification, selection of treatment goals (e.g., moderation vs. abstinence), targets for intervention, and specific treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Green
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Psychology Service (116B), 940 Belmont Street, Brockton, MA 02310, USA.
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34
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Bloomfield K, Wicki M, Wilsnack S, Hughes T, Gmel G. International differences in alcohol use according to sexual orientation. Subst Abus 2011; 32:210-9. [PMID: 22014251 PMCID: PMC3319346 DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2011.598404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Most research on sexual orientation and alcohol use in the United States has found higher rates of alcohol use and abuse among gay men and lesbians. Studies from other countries have found smaller or no differences between sexual minority and heterosexual women and men. The present study used general population survey data from 14 countries to examine high-volume and risky single-occasion drinking by sexual orientation. Data from 248 gay men and lesbians and 3720 heterosexuals were analyzed in a case-control design. In several countries partnered or recently partnered gay men and lesbians had no greater risk of heavy drinking or engaging in heavy drinking than heterosexual controls. Only lesbians in North America showed higher risk for both indicators. Future general population health research should include larger samples of gays and lesbians and use more comprehensive measures of sexual orientation for investigating the prevalence of health risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Bloomfield
- Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research, Århus University, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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35
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Reisner SL, Mimiaga MJ, Bland S, Skeer M, Cranston K, Isenberg D, Driscoll M, Mayer KH. Problematic alcohol use and HIV risk among Black men who have sex with men in Massachusetts. AIDS Care 2011; 22:577-87. [PMID: 20336557 DOI: 10.1080/09540120903311482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This analysis was designed to explore the frequency of problem drinking and its role in potentiating HIV risk among a community-recruited sample of Black men who have sex with men (MSM) in Massachusetts. Black MSM (n=197) recruited via modified respondent-driven sampling between January and July 2008 completed an interviewer-administered survey, including HIV sexual behavior, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and the CAGE alcohol screener. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression procedures examined the association of behavioral HIV-risk factors and other psychosocial variables with problematic alcohol use (CAGE score 3 or 4). Overall, 29% of the sample was found to abuse alcohol. In a multivariable model adjusting for demographic and behavioral variables, factors associated with increased odds of problem drinking were: (1) depressive symptoms (CES-D 16); (2) one or more episodes of serodiscordant unprotected anal sex during last sexual encounter with a casual male partner; and (3) one or more episodes of unprotected anal or vaginal sex with a female partner in the past 12 months. Black MSM who engaged in HIV risk behaviors may be more likely to have concurrent problematic alcohol use. HIV prevention interventions with Black MSM may benefit from incorporating screening and/or treatment for alcohol problems, as well as screening for co-morbid depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari L Reisner
- Fenway Health, The Fenway Institute, 1340 Boylston Street, 8th Floor, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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36
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Fazio A, Hunt G, Moloney M. "It's one of the better drugs to use": perceptions of cocaine use among gay and bisexual Asian American men. QUALITATIVE HEALTH RESEARCH 2011; 21:625-641. [PMID: 20952603 PMCID: PMC3024451 DOI: 10.1177/1049732310385825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Research on drug use among gay and bisexual men has primarily focused on examining the link between drug use- most notably, methamphetamine-sexual practices, and risk of HIV transmission. Drawing on in-depth qualitative data from 40 interviews with gay and bisexual Asian American men, we examine perceptions and meanings associated with cocaine use in the San Francisco Bay Area gay community. We found that the participants, in contrast to their negative perceptions of methamphetamine use, believed that cocaine enhanced sociability and was acceptable for use in most social situations. Furthermore, participants perceived little connection between cocaine use and risky sexual practices, emphasizing the drug's safety relative to other illicit substances. Based on these findings, we suggest that an increase in the favorability of cocaine use might be an unintended consequence of methamphetamine prevention campaigns targeting the gay community, with their emphasis on the harmful effects of drug use, unsafe sex, and HIV risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Fazio
- Institute for Scientific Analysis, Alameda, California, USA
| | - Geoffrey Hunt
- Institute for Scientific Analysis, Alameda, California, USA
| | - Molly Moloney
- Institute for Scientific Analysis, Alameda, California, USA
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37
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Austin EL, Bozick R. Sexual orientation, partnership formation, and substance use in the transition to adulthood. J Youth Adolesc 2011; 41:167-78. [PMID: 21409412 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-011-9653-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2011] [Accepted: 03/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that lesbian and gay young adults use substances more frequently than their heterosexual peers. Based on the life course perspective, we argue that this difference may be due to the unavailability of marriage as a turning point in the lives of lesbian/gay young adults. We use data from a nationally representative sample of youth (N = 13,581, 52.4% female, 68.6% white, ages 18-26) to examine sexual orientation differences in substance use and explore whether these differences vary by romantic partnership formation in young adulthood. We find that the formation of more serious partnerships (e.g., cohabitation, marriage) is associated with less frequent substance use among heterosexual young adults, though this pattern does not hold for lesbian and gay young adults. We conclude that the partnership options available to lesbians and gay men do not provide the same health-protective benefits that marriage does for heterosexuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Laine Austin
- Department of Sociology and Social Work, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Heritage Hall 460-S, 1401 University Blvd., Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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38
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Halkitis PN, Pollock JA, Pappas MK, Dayton A, Moeller RW, Siconolfi D, Solomon T. Substance use in the MSM population of New York City during the era of HIV/AIDS. Subst Use Misuse 2011; 46:264-73. [PMID: 21303246 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2011.523265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This literature review considers the historical significance, emergence of, and interplay between the HIV and illicit drug use epidemics among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM) in New York City (NYC). The continual rise in HIV infections in recent years among MSM, particularly among young MSM (YMSM), commands a need for the examination of the effectiveness of current HIV prevention strategies and a more comprehensive understanding of the complex biopsychosocial influences that place YMSM at risk. A chronological perspective of both the HIV and illicit drug use epidemics affecting NYC MSM is presented, followed by a review of the existing research on the synergistic relation between the two. Special consideration is given to the patterns and interconnectivity between HIV, substance use, and housing instability specific to YMSM, as they represent the demographic currently at greatest risk for HIV transmission in NYC. Thereafter, an overview of treatment research is provided. We conclude by offering recommendations for future research and best practices as we move forward in an attempt to reduce the incidence of HIV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perry N Halkitis
- Center for Health, Identity, Behavior, & Prevention Studies, The Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, New York, USA.
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39
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Mullens AB, Young RM, Dunne MP, Norton G. The Amyl Nitrite Expectancy Questionnaire for Men who have Sex with Men (AEQ-MSM): a measure of substance-related beliefs. Subst Use Misuse 2011; 46:1642-50. [PMID: 21793709 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2011.599096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A measure of perceived reinforcement associated with amyl nitrite was developed and evaluated among gay and bisexual men. This is the first known expectancy measure to date for this drug class. The Amyl Nitrite Expectancy Questionnaire for Men who have Sex with Men (AEQ-MSM) was completed online by 102 gay and bisexual men, between 2006 and 2008 in Queensland, Australia. The AEQ-MSM demonstrated good psychometric properties and was associated with consumption patterns. Factor analysis revealed three distinct reinforcement domains: "Enhanced sexual desire and pleasure," "Disorientation," and "Sexual negotiation." Limitations include sampling via self-selection, recruitment through health centers and self-report data. Implications for sexual activity and risk-taking, including reducing associated harm (e.g., HIV transmission), and future directions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy B Mullens
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia. amy
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Hughes TL, Szalacha LA, Johnson TP, Kinnison KE, Wilsnack SC, Cho Y. Sexual victimization and hazardous drinking among heterosexual and sexual minority women. Addict Behav 2010; 35:1152-6. [PMID: 20692771 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Although research shows that sexual minority women report high rates of lifetime sexual victimization and high rates of hazardous drinking, investigators have yet to explore the relationships between sexual victimization and hazardous drinking in this population. In addition, because the rates of these problems may vary within the sexual minority population, we examined and compared relationships between sexual victimization and hazardous drinking in exclusively heterosexual and sexual minority (mostly heterosexual, bisexual, mostly lesbian and exclusively lesbian) women. METHOD Data from 548 participants in the National Study of Health and Life Experiences of Women and 405 participants in the Chicago Health and Life Experiences of Women study were pooled to address these relationships. We compared hazardous drinking, childhood sexual abuse (CSA), adult sexual assault (ASA), and revictimization (both CSA and ASA) across the five sexual identity subgroups. We then fit a multilevel general linear model to examine group differences in the relationships between hazardous drinking and sexual victimization and to test for potential interactions between victimization and identity on hazardous drinking. RESULTS Sexual minority women reported higher levels of hazardous drinking and higher rates of CSA and sexual revictimization than did exclusively heterosexual women. Revictimization was the strongest predictor of hazardous drinking among women who identified as mostly heterosexual and mostly lesbian. CONCLUSIONS This study extends previous research by examining associations between sexual victimization and hazardous drinking in heterosexual and sexual minority women and by exploring within-group variations in these associations among sexual minority women. Higher rates of lifetime sexual victimization and revictimization may help to explain sexual minority women's heightened risk for hazardous drinking. The findings highlight the need for additional research that examines the meanings of sexual identity labels to more fully understand differences in risk within groups of sexual minority women as well as how sexual identity may affect responses to and interpretations of sexual victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonda L Hughes
- University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Nursing (M/C 802), 845 South Damen Avenue, Room 956, Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
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Mackesy-Amiti ME, Fendrich M, Johnson TP. Symptoms of substance dependence and risky sexual behavior in a probability sample of HIV-negative men who have sex with men in Chicago. Drug Alcohol Depend 2010; 110:38-43. [PMID: 20219291 PMCID: PMC2885520 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2009] [Revised: 01/27/2010] [Accepted: 01/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examines the relationship between self-reported symptoms of substance dependence and risky sexual behavior among 187 HIV-negative men who have sex with men. METHOD In a supplement to a Chicago household survey, using random probability sampling, men who reported consensual sex with other men or who identified as gay or bisexual were selected for interviews. Participants reported on sexual behavior, substance use, and symptoms of substance dependence related to past year use of alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, and sedatives, tranquilizers or pain relievers. Risky sexual behavior was defined as unprotected insertive or receptive anal intercourse plus having multiple partners, casual partners, or a partner who was HIV positive or of unknown serostatus. RESULTS Risky sexual behavior in the past six months was significantly and positively associated with alcohol dependence symptoms, cocaine dependence symptoms (receptive only), and prescription drug dependence symptoms (insertive only). Confirmatory factor analyses revealed that dependence symptoms loaded on separate factors by substance, which in turn loaded on an overarching dependence symptoms factor. In structural equation models, individual substance factors were not significantly associated with sexual risk behavior, however the higher order dependence symptoms factor was significantly and positively associated with both receptive and insertive risk behavior. CONCLUSIONS MSM with symptoms of multiple substance use dependencies are more likely to be engaged in sexual behavior that places them at risk for acquiring HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. Alcohol and drug abuse treatment providers should be aware of the need for HIV testing and counseling in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ellen Mackesy-Amiti
- Community Outreach Intervention Projects, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1603W Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
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The Cannabis Expectancy Questionnaire for Men who have Sex with Men (CEQ-MSM): A measure of substance-related beliefs. Addict Behav 2010; 35:616-9. [PMID: 20171019 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2009] [Revised: 12/17/2009] [Accepted: 01/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Substance-related expectancies are associated with substance use and post-substance use thoughts, feelings and behaviours. The expectancies held by specific cultural or sub-cultural groups have rarely been investigated. This research maps expectancies specific to gay and other men who have sex with men (MSM) and their relationship with substance patterns and behaviours following use, including sexual practices (e.g., unprotected anal intercourse). This study describes the development of a measure of such beliefs for cannabis, the Cannabis Expectancy Questionnaire for Men who have Sex with Men (CEQ-MSM). METHOD Items selected through a focus group and interviews were piloted on 180 self-identified gay or other MSM via an online questionnaire. RESULTS Factor analysis revealed six distinct substance reinforcement domains ("Enhanced sexual experience", "Sexual negotiation", "Cognitive impairment", "Social and emotional facilitation", "Enhanced sexual desire", and "Sexual inhibition"). The scale was associated with consumption patterns of cannabis, and in a crucial test of discriminant validity not with the consumption of alcohol or stimulants. CONCLUSIONS The CEQ-MSM represents a reliable and valid measure of outcome expectancies, related to cannabis among MSM. Future applications of the CEQ-MSM in health promotion, clinical settings and research may contribute to reducing harm associated with substance use among MSM, including HIV transmission.
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Grella CE, Greenwell L, Mays VM, Cochran SD. Influence of gender, sexual orientation, and need on treatment utilization for substance use and mental disorders: findings from the California Quality of Life Survey. BMC Psychiatry 2009; 9:52. [PMID: 19682355 PMCID: PMC2734538 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-9-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2009] [Accepted: 08/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior research has shown a higher prevalence of substance use and mental disorders among sexual minorities, however, the influence of sexual orientation on treatment seeking has not been widely studied. We use a model of help-seeking for vulnerable populations to investigate factors related to treatment for alcohol or drug use disorders and mental health disorders, focusing on the contributions of gender, sexual orientation, and need. METHODS Survey data were obtained from a population-based probability sample of California residents that oversampled for sexual minorities. Logistic regression was used to model the enabling, predisposing, and need-related factors associated with past-year mental health or substance abuse treatment utilization among adults aged 18-64 (N = 2,074). RESULTS Compared with individuals without a diagnosed disorder, those with any disorder were more likely to receive treatment. After controlling for both presence of disorder and other factors, lesbians and bisexual women were most likely to receive treatment and heterosexual men were the least likely. Moreover, a considerable proportion of sexual orientation minorities without any diagnosable disorder, particularly lesbians and bisexual women, also reported receiving treatment. CONCLUSION The study highlights the need to better understand the factors beyond meeting diagnostic criteria that underlie treatment utilization among sexual minorities. Future research should also aim to ascertain the effects of treatment provided to sexual minorities with and without diagnosable disorders, including the possibility that the provision of such treatment may reduce the likelihood of their progression to greater severity of distress, disorders, or impairments in functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine E Grella
- Center for Research, Education, Training and Strategic Communications on Minority Health Disparities, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
| | - Lisa Greenwell
- UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Vickie M Mays
- Department of Psychology and Department of Health Services, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, USA,Center for Research, Education, Training and Strategic Communications on Minority Health Disparities, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Susan D Cochran
- Center for Research, Education, Training and Strategic Communications on Minority Health Disparities, University of California, Los Angeles, USA,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Department of Statistics, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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McCabe SE, Hughes TL, Bostwick WB, West BT, Boyd CJ. Sexual orientation, substance use behaviors and substance dependence in the United States. Addiction 2009; 104:1333-45. [PMID: 19438839 PMCID: PMC2975030 DOI: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02596.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 432] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess past-year prevalence rates of substance use behaviors and substance dependence across three major dimensions of sexual orientation (identity, attraction and behavior) in a large national sample of adult women and men in the United States. DESIGN Data were collected from structured diagnostic face-to-face interviews using the Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule DSM-IV version IV (AUDADIS-IV). SETTING Prevalence estimates were based on data collected from the 2004-2005 (wave 2) National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC). PARTICIPANTS A large national sample of 34 653 adults aged 20 years and older: 52% female, 71% white, 12% Hispanic, 11% African American, 4% Asian and 2% Native American. FINDINGS Approximately 2% of the population self-identified as lesbian, gay or bisexual; 4% reported at least one life-time same-sex sexual partner and 6% reported same-sex sexual attraction. Although non-heterosexual orientation was generally associated with a higher risk of substance use and substance dependence, the majority of sexual minority respondents did not report substance use or meet criteria for DSM-IV substance dependence. There was considerable variation in substance use outcomes across sexual orientation dimensions; these variations were more pronounced among women than among men. CONCLUSIONS Results support previous research findings of heightened risk of substance use and substance dependence among some sexual minority groups and point to the need for research that examines the reasons for such differences. Results also highlight important gender differences and question previous findings indicating uniformly higher risk for substance dependence among sexual minorities. Risks appear to vary based on gender and how sexual orientation is defined. Findings have implications for more effective prevention and intervention efforts that target subgroups at greatest risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Esteban McCabe
- Substance Abuse Research Center, Institute for Research on Women and Gender, University of Michigan, 2025 Traverwood Drive, Suite C, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105-2194
| | - Tonda L. Hughes
- College of Nursing, National Center of Excellence in Women’s Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 S. Damen Avenue, Chicago, IL 60612-7350
| | - Wendy B. Bostwick
- Adler School of Professional Psychology, 65 E. Wacker Place, Suite 2100, Chicago, IL 60601
| | - Brady T. West
- Center for Statistical Consultation and Research, University of Michigan, 3550 Rackham Building, Ann Arbor, MI, USA 48109-1070
| | - Carol J. Boyd
- Substance Abuse Research Center, Institute for Research on Women and Gender, Nursing, and Women’s Studies, University of Michigan, 2025 Traverwood Drive, Suite C, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105-2194
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Guinan JJ, Hall W, Gold J, Clarke JC. Alcohol and recreational drug use by HIV-seropositive homosexual men. Drug Alcohol Rev 2009; 11:355-62. [PMID: 16840091 DOI: 10.1080/09595239200185481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to describe the patterns of alcohol and recreational drug use of HIV-seropositive homosexual men and to determine the effect of alcohol use on HIV risk-taking behaviour. Of particular interest was the effect of knowledge of HIV status on these behaviours. Information on alcohol and drug use was obtained from 485 HIV-seropositive homosexual and bisexual men presenting to a HIV-antibody testing and medical management clinic. Heavy alcohol use was common, with 46.2% reporting consumption of six or more standard drinks on one day recently. Men who knew that they were HIV infected drank significantly more than those men who had yet to learn of their HIV status at the time of interview. There was clear evidence in this study for a role of alcohol use in HIV risk-taking behaviour. Almost one-third (27%) of the HIV-seropositive men reported unprotected anal intercourse during the previous 3 months with approximately one-third of these (27/76, 35.5%) nominating alcohol as contributing to their high HIV-risk behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Guinan
- Long Bay Prison Hospital, PO Box 13, Matraville, NSW, 2036, Australia
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Substance Use Treatment Experiences of Transgender/Transsexual Men and Women. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 3:37-47. [DOI: 10.1300/j463v03n02_05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Hequembourg AL, Parks KA, Vetter C. Sexual Identity and Gender Differences in Substance Use and Violence: An Exploratory Study. JOURNAL OF LGBTQ ISSUES IN COUNSELING 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/15538600802119301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Mackesy-Amiti ME, Fendrich M, Johnson TP. Substance-related problems and treatment among men who have sex with men in comparison to other men in Chicago. J Subst Abuse Treat 2008; 36:227-33. [PMID: 18715744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2008.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2008] [Revised: 06/02/2008] [Accepted: 06/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study compares a sample of urban men who have sex with men (MSM) with a general population sample of men in the same city on self-reported problems with substance use indicative of dependence and history of substance use treatment. Both samples were randomly selected using multistage probability methods. All participants completed audio computer-assisted self-interviews, including questions on substance use, problems related to substance use experienced in the past 12 months, and substance treatment. Problem use of alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine did not differ between samples. Compared to men in the general population sample, MSM were significantly more likely to experience problems related to the use of sedatives, tranquilizers, or prescription pain relievers. Among MSM, history of substance treatment was associated with a positive HIV test, and treatment usually preceded HIV diagnosis. Research is needed on effective methods for integrating HIV prevention for MSM into substance treatment settings, including physician-administered buprenorphine treatment for opiate addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Ellen Mackesy-Amiti
- Community Outreach Intervention Projects, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
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Abstract
This article provides an integrated critical review of the literature on internalized heterosexism/internalized homophobia (IH), its measurement, and its psychosocial correlates. It describes the psychometric properties of six published measures used to operationalize the construct of IH. It also critically reviews empirical studies on correlates of IH in the areas of sexual identity formation and the coming-out process; mental, psychosocial, and physical health; substance use; sexual risk-taking behavior; intimate relationships; parenting and family issues; gender roles and feminism; race and ethnicity; religion; career issues; and counselor—client interactions and treatment interventions. Last, it discusses limitations of the body of research and provides suggestions for future research throughout the review.
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Pettinato M. Nobody was out back then: a grounded theory study of midlife and older lesbians with alcohol problems. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2008; 29:619-38. [PMID: 18569208 DOI: 10.1080/01612840802048865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This explorative study used grounded theory methodology (GTM) to develop a substantive theory regarding the life experience of the misuse of alcohol among midlife and older lesbians. The core category in this study is represented by the overarching process of "Disconnecting from their Authentic Selves." Professional health care providers may better be able to understand and assist midlife and older lesbians who misuse alcohol by being aware of their life experience with alcohol problems and the concepts they have described. A theoretical model is presented as a visual representation of the key concepts described in this paper and their interrelationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Pettinato
- Seattle University College of Nursing, Seattle, Washington 98122-1090, USA.
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