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Verhoeven HA, Ramulu KS, Gilissen LJW, Famelaer I, Dijkhuis P, Blaas J. Partial genome transfer through micronuclei in plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1991.tb01518.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. A. Verhoeven
- Department of Cell Biology; Centre for Plant Breeding and Reproduction Research CPRO; P.O. Box 16 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - K. Sree Ramulu
- Department of Cell Biology; Centre for Plant Breeding and Reproduction Research CPRO; P.O. Box 16 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - L. J. W. Gilissen
- Department of Cell Biology; Centre for Plant Breeding and Reproduction Research CPRO; P.O. Box 16 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - I. Famelaer
- Department of Cell Biology; Centre for Plant Breeding and Reproduction Research CPRO; P.O. Box 16 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - P. Dijkhuis
- Department of Cell Biology; Centre for Plant Breeding and Reproduction Research CPRO; P.O. Box 16 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - J. Blaas
- Department of Cell Biology; Centre for Plant Breeding and Reproduction Research CPRO; P.O. Box 16 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
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Mejía A, Spangenberg G, Koop HU, Bopp M. Microculture and Electrofusion of Defined Protoplasts of the MossFunaria hygrometrica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1988.tb00028.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kitagawa S, Kawaura C, Hashimoto O, Takahashi T, Naoi M, Tsuda T. Manipulation of a single cell with microcapillary tubing based on its electrophoretic mobility. Electrophoresis 1995; 16:1364-8. [PMID: 8529598 DOI: 10.1002/elps.11501601225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation of a single cell of spherical shape, approximately 5-10 microns in diameter, was performed with capillary tubing and an electrostatic field. A single cell migrates with its electrophoretic mobility into capillary tubing against the flow of electroosmosis coming out of the capillary. After trapping the cell in the capillary, it is pulled out into the other microreservoir with the application of a reverse electric voltage. When we apply a negative voltage to the microreservoir itself, the cell in it can keep floating for a relatively long period due to electrostatic repulsion. The electrophoretic mobility of a single cell is also estimated.
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Weber G, Greulich KO. Manipulation of cells, organelles, and genomes by laser microbeam and optical trap. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1992; 133:1-41. [PMID: 1577585 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)61857-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G Weber
- Max-Planck-Institut für Zellbiologie, Ladenburg, Germany
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5
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In Vitro Fusion of Gametes and Production of Zygotes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)61104-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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6
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Verhoeven HA, Ramulu KS. Isolation and characterization of microprotoplasts from APM-treated suspension cells ofNicotiana plumbaginifolia. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1991; 82:346-352. [PMID: 24213179 DOI: 10.1007/bf02190621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/1990] [Accepted: 01/23/1991] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Subprotoplasts with a DNA content of less than the G1 level (microprotoplasts) were isolated from micronucleated cells of transformedNicotiana plumbaginifolia ('Doba' line resistant to kanamycin) and characterized cytologically as well as by flow cytometry and Feulgen microdensitometry. Micronuclei were induced upon treatment of the suspension cells with the anti-microtubule drug amiprophos-methyl (APM). Protoplasts were fractionated on a continuous iso-osmotic gradient of Percoll; this resulted in several visible bands. Flow cytometric analysis of fluorescein and nuclear DNA contents after staining with fluorescein and DAPI respectively showed that the main band contained mostly evacuolated, intact (sub)protoplasts. Microprotoplasts contained one or a few micronuclei surrounded by a thin rim of cytoplasm and an intact plasma membrane. A maximum of 40% of the microprotoplasts in the fraction just below the main band had a DNA content less than the G1 level, in other fractions this maximum was 20%. Some of these contained an amount equivalent to that of one or a few chromosomes. The application of microprotoplasts for chromosome-mediated gene transfer in plants is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Verhoeven
- Centre for Plant Breeding and Reproduction Research CPRO, P.O. Box 16, NL-6700, AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Eigel L, Oelmüller R, Koop HU. Transfer of defined numbers of chloroplasts into albino protoplasts using an improved subprotoplast/protoplast microfusion procedure: transfer of only two chloroplasts leads to variegated progeny. MOLECULAR & GENERAL GENETICS : MGG 1991; 227:446-51. [PMID: 1678138 DOI: 10.1007/bf00273936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A procedure is described by which it is possible to perform controlled microfusion of microscopically selected protoplast fusion partners with high efficiencies. The procedure is applied to fusion of Nicotiana tabacum (line 92V37. N. undulata cytoplasm) plastid albino protoplasts as a recipient and spontaneously formed subprotoplasts of green N. tabacum (line SR1) as donor. Products of individual electrofusion events are cloned via single cell nurse culture and the derived cell lines are analysed for the occurrence of variegated or green regenerating shoots, which are indicative of the establishment of the transferred organelles in the cell progeny. The plastid population in green regenerants recovered after the transfer of only two chloroplasts was demonstrated to have originated from the donor subprotoplast organelles by restriction analysis of total DNA using a plastome-specific probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Eigel
- Botanical Institute, University of Munich, FRG
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Spangenberg G, Freydl E, Osusky M, Nagel J, Potrykus I. Organelle transfer by microfusion of defined protoplast-cytoplast pairs. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1991; 81:477-486. [PMID: 24221312 DOI: 10.1007/bf00219437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/1990] [Accepted: 09/05/1990] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Defined cybridization was performed by one-to-one electrofusion (microfusion) of preselected protoplast-cytoplast pairs of male-fertile, streptomycin-resistant Nicotiana tabacum and cytoplasmic male-sterile, streptomycin-sensitive N. tabacum cms (N. bigelovii), followed by microculture of the fusion products until plant regeneration. Dominant selectable markers, namely, kanamycin resistance (nptII) and hygromycin B resistance (hpt) genes had been previously integrated in the nuclear genomes of the otherwise almost fully isogenic parental strains using direct gene transfer to protoplasts. In addition to chromosome counts indicating the expected allotetraploid tobacco count of 48, the absence of the nucleus from the cytoplast donor line was confirmed by Southern blot hybridization using nptII and hpt probes, as well as by an in vitro selection test with leaf expiants and the corresponding enzyme assays for 30 cybrids. The cytoplasmic composition of the cybrids obtained was analyzed for chloroplast type using the streptomycin resistance/sensitivity locus. The fate of mitochondria in cybrids was checked by species-specific patterns in Southern analysis of restriction endonuclease digests of total DNA with N. sylvestris mitochondrial DNA probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Spangenberg
- Institute for Plant Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
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Spangenberg G, Osusky M, Oliveira MM, Freydl E, Nagel J, Pais MS, Potrykus I. Somatic hybridization by microfusion of defined protoplast pairs in Nicotiana: morphological, genetic, and molecular characterization. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1990; 80:577-587. [PMID: 24221062 DOI: 10.1007/bf00224215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/1990] [Accepted: 06/09/1990] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Somatic hybrid/cybrid plants were obtained by microfusion of defined protoplast pairs from malefertile, streptomycin-resistant Nicotiana tabacum and cytoplasmic male-sterile (cms), streptomycin-sensitive N. tabacum cms (N. bigelovii) after microculture of recovered fusants. Genetic and molecular characterization of the organelle composition of 30 somatic hybrid/cybrid plants was performed. The fate of chloroplasts was assessed by an in vivo assay for streptomycin resistance/ sensitivity using leaf explants (R0 generation and R1 seedlings). For the analysis of the mitochondrial (mt) DNA, species-specific patterns were generated by Southern hybridization of restriction endonuclease digests of total DNA and mtDNA, with three DNA probes of N. sylvestris mitochondrial origin. In addition, detailed histological and scanning electron microscopy studies on flower ontogeny were performed for representative somatic hybrids/cybrids showing interesting flower morphology. The present study demonstrates that electrofusion of individually selected pairs of protoplasts (microfusion) can be used for the controlled somatic hybridization of higher plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Spangenberg
- Institute for Plant Science, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, CH-8092, Zürich, Switzerland
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In Vitro Fertilization of Single, Isolated Gametes, Transmission of Cytoplasmic Organelles and Cell Reconstitution Of Maize (Zea Mays L.). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-009-2103-0_38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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11
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Schweiger HG, Dirk J, Koop HU, Kranz E, Neuhaus G, Spangenberg G, Wolff D. Individual selection, culture and manipulation of higher plant cells. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 1987; 73:769-783. [PMID: 24241284 DOI: 10.1007/bf00289379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/11/1987] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Due to the heterogeneity in morphology, physiological and morphogenetical capabilities of higher plant cells in mass culture, the development of methods for individually culturing defined cells seemed to be useful and necessary. Individual cell culture represents a powerful tool for studies on the physiology of different cell types, the analysis of differentiation programs, the genetic manipulation of plant cells and cell-cell interactions. An improved microculture system based on a computer-controlled set-up for the efficient selection, transfer and individual culture of defined higher plant cells until regeneration of whole plants is described. Related experimental approaches for individually manipulating higher plant cells under controlled conditions, such as electrofusion of defined pairs of protoplasts and subprotoplasts, cell reconstruction and intranuclear microinjection of protoplasts and karyoplasts - mainly performed with cells of the crop plant Brassica napus L. - are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Schweiger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Zellbiologie, D-6802, Rosenhof, Ladenburg, Federal Republic of Germany
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Hofmann GA, Evans GA. Electronic Genetic-Physical and Biological Aspects of Cellular Electromanipulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986; 5:6-25. [DOI: 10.1109/memb.1986.5006335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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14
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Morikawa H, Sugino K, Hayashi Y, Takeda J, Senda M, Hirai A, Yamada Y. Interspecific Plant Hybridization by Electrofusion in Nicotiana. Nat Biotechnol 1986. [DOI: 10.1038/nbt0186-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Binding H, Krumbiegel-Schroeren G, Nehls R. Protoplast fusion and early development of fusants. Results Probl Cell Differ 1986; 12:37-66. [PMID: 3529271 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-39836-3_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Nehls R, Krumbiegel-Schroeren G, Binding H. Development of protoplast fusion products. Results Probl Cell Differ 1986; 12:67-108. [PMID: 3529272 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-39836-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Tempelaar MJ, Jones MG. Fusion characteristics of plant protoplasts in electric fields. PLANTA 1985; 165:205-216. [PMID: 24241045 DOI: 10.1007/bf00395043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/1984] [Accepted: 12/03/1984] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The electrical parameters important in the fusion of plant protoplasts aligned dielectrophoretically in high-frequency alternating electric fields have been established. Protoplasts were aligned in an alternating electric field between two relatively distant (1 mm) electrodes, by dielectrophoresis induced by field inhomogeneities caused by the protoplasts themselves. This arrangement allowed ease of manipulations, large throughput and low loss of protoplasts. In analytical experiments, sufficiently large samples could be used to study pulse duration-fusion response relations at different pulse voltages for protoplasts of different species, tissues and size (mesophyll protoplasts of Solanum brevidens, Triticum aestivum, Hordeum vulgare; suspension-culture protoplasts of Nicotiana sylvestris, N. rustica, Datura innoxia and S. brevidens; root-tip protoplasts of Vicia faba, hypocotyl protoplasts of Brassica napus). The percentage of aligned protoplasts that fused increased with increasing pulse parameters (pulse duration; voltage) above a threshold that was dependant on pulse voltage. The maximum fusion values obtained depended on a number of factors including protoplast origin, size and chain length. Leaf mesophyll protoplasts fused much more readily than suspension-culture protoplasts. For both types, there was a correlation of size with fusion yield: large protoplasts tended to fuse more readily than small protoplasts. In short chains (≦five protoplasts), fusion frequency was lower, but the proportion of one-to-one products was greater than in long chains (≧ten protoplasts). In formation by electrofusion of heterokaryons between mesophyll and suspension-culture protoplasts, the fusion-frequency response curves reflected those of homofusion of mesophyll protoplasts rather than suspension-culture protoplasts. There was no apparent limitation to the fusion of the smallest mesophyll protoplast with the largest suspension-culture protoplasts. Based on these observations, it is possible to direct fusion towards a higher frequency of one-to-one (mesophyll/suspension) products by incorporating low densities of mesophyll protoplasts in high densities of suspensionculture protoplasts and by using a short fusion pulse. The viability of fusion products, assessed by staining with fluorescein diacetate, was not impaired by standard fusion conditions. On a preparative scale, heterokaryons (S. brevidens mesophyll-N. sylvestris or D. innoxia suspension-culture) were produced by electrofusion and cultured in liquid or embedded in agar, and were capable of wall formation, division and growth. It is concluded that the electrode arrangement described is more suitable for carrying out directed fusions of plant protoplasts than that employing closer electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Tempelaar
- Department of Biochemistry, Rothamsted Experimental Station, AL5 2JQ, Harpenden, Herts, UK
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