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Boriani F, Raposio E, Errani C. Imaging Features of Primary Tumors of the Hand. Curr Med Imaging 2021; 17:179-196. [PMID: 32811403 DOI: 10.2174/1573405616999200817173154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Musculoskeletal tumors of the hand are a rare entity and are divided into skeletal and soft tissue tumors. Either category comprises benign and malignant or even intermediate tumors. Basic radiology allows an optimal resolution of bone and related soft tissue areas, ultrasound and more sophisticated radiologic tools such as scintigraphy, CT and MRI allow a more accurate evaluation of tumor extent. Enchondroma is the most common benign tumor affecting bone, whereas chondrosarcoma is the most commonly represented malignant neoplasm localized to hand bones. In the soft tissues, ganglions are the most common benign tumors and epithelioid sarcoma is the most frequently represented malignant tumor targeting hand soft tissues. The knowledge regarding diagnostic and therapeutic management of these tumors is often deriving from small case series, retrospective studies or even case reports. Evidences from prospective studies or controlled trials are limited and for this lack of clear and supported evidences, data from the medical literature on the topic are controversial, in terms of demographics, clinical presentation, diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. The correct recognition of the specific subtype and extension of the tumor through first line and second line radiology is essential for the surgeon, in order to effectively direct the therapeutic decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Boriani
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Sanremo Hospital, Sanremo, Italy
| | - Edoardo Raposio
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Methodologies (DISC), University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Costantino Errani
- Department of Musculo-Skeletal Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
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2
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Ahmed SK, Kaggal S, Harmsen WS, Sawyer JW, Houdek MT, Rose PS, Petersen IA. Patient-reported functional outcomes in a cohort of hand and foot sarcoma survivors treated with limb sparing surgery and radiation therapy. J Surg Oncol 2020; 123:110-116. [PMID: 33125739 DOI: 10.1002/jso.26258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Describe patient-reported functional outcomes for hand and foot sarcoma survivors treated with limb-sparing surgery and radiation therapy (LSS + RT). METHODS Fifty-four patients with hand/wrist and foot/ankle sarcomas treated with LSS + RT from 1991 to 2015 were identified. Survivors ≥18 years old without subsequent amputation completed self-assessed functional surveys: Toronto upper extremity salvage score (TESS-UE) and Michigan hand outcomes (MHQ) surveys for hand; TESS lower extremity (TESS-LE) and Foot and Ankle Outcomes (FAOS) surveys for foot. Scoring scales: 0-100, MHQ and TESS; -26 to 56 and 25-59, FAOS core and shoe comfort, respectively. Higher scores denote superior function. RESULTS Five-year local tumor control was 88%. Fourteen of 24 hand (58%) and 14/18 foot (78%) survivors completed surveys. Mean TESS-UE and MHQ scores were 89.4 and 72.8, respectively. Mean TESS-LE, core FAOS, and shoe comfort scores were 92.4, 46.19, and 53.1, respectively. No factors correlated with outcomes. TESS-UE and MHQ scores strongly correlated (r = .87). TESS-LE and FAOS scores were associated with a poor correlation (r = .02 and r = .69). CONCLUSIONS The largest patient-reported functional outcomes analysis for hand and foot sarcoma survivors treated with LSS + RT demonstrates excellent local tumor control and acceptable functional outcomes. Further exploration of optimal functional assessment tools is needed given the potential scope differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safia K Ahmed
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Suneetha Kaggal
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - William S Harmsen
- Department of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Matthew T Houdek
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Peter S Rose
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ivy A Petersen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Timbergen MJM, van de Poll-Franse LV, Grünhagen DJ, van der Graaf WT, Sleijfer S, Verhoef C, Husson O. Identification and assessment of health-related quality of life issues in patients with sporadic desmoid-type fibromatosis: a literature review and focus group study. Qual Life Res 2018; 27:3097-3111. [PMID: 30014458 PMCID: PMC6244798 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-018-1931-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sporadic desmoid-type fibromatosis (DTF) is a rare, chronic, non-metastasising, disease of the soft tissues. It is characterised by local invasive and unpredictable growth behaviour and a high propensity of local recurrence after surgery thereby often having a great impact on health-related quality of life (HRQL). This study aims to review currently used HRQL measures and to asses HRQL issues among DTF patients. METHODS A mixed methods methodology was used consisting of (1) a systematic literature review, according to the PRISMA guidelines (2009), using search terms related to sporadic DTF and HRQL in commonly used databases (e.g. Embase, Medline Ovid, Web of science, Cochrane Central, Psyc Info, and Google scholar), to provide an overview of measures previously used to evaluate HRQL among DTF patients; (2) focus groups to gain insight into HRQL issues experienced by DTF patients. RESULTS The search strategy identified thirteen articles reporting HRQL measures using a wide variety of cancer-specific HRQL tools, functional scores, symptom scales (e.g. NRS), and single-item outcomes (e.g. pain and functional impairment). No DTF-specific HRQL tool was found. Qualitative analysis of three focus groups (6 males, 9 females) showed that participants emphasised the negative impact of DTF and/or its treatment on several HRQL domains. Six themes were identified: (1) diagnosis, (2) treatment, (3) follow-up and recurrence, (4) physical domain, (5) psychological and emotional domain, and (6) social domain. CONCLUSION A DTF-specific HRQL tool and consensus regarding the preferred measurement tool among DTF patients is lacking. Our study indicates that HRQL of DTF patients was negatively affected in several domains. A DTF-specific HRQL measure could improve our understanding of short- and long-term effects and, ideally, can be used in both clinic and for research purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milea J M Timbergen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute Rotterdam, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, Room BE-428, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute Rotterdam, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, Room BE-428, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Lonneke V van de Poll-Franse
- Department of Research, Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL), Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J Grünhagen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute Rotterdam, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, Room BE-428, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Winette T van der Graaf
- Department of Medical Oncology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Division of Clinical Studies, Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Stefan Sleijfer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute Rotterdam, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, Room BE-428, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis Verhoef
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute Rotterdam, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, Room BE-428, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olga Husson
- Division of Clinical Studies, Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Houdek MT, Walczak BE, Wilke BK, Kakar S, Rose PS, Shin AY. What Factors Influence the Outcome of Surgically Treated Soft Tissue Sarcomas of the Hand and Wrist? Hand (N Y) 2017; 12:493-500. [PMID: 28832212 PMCID: PMC5684921 DOI: 10.1177/1558944716672197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) of the hand are exceedingly rare. The aim of this study was to review our institution's experience with STS of the hand to identify factors affecting outcomes and survivorship. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed the records of 46 hand STS treated with definitive surgery at our institution between 1992 and 2013. Pertinent demographics as well as information regarding the surgical procedure, and disease status at latest follow-up were reviewed. Mean age at diagnosis was 38 years with a mean follow-up of 5 years. RESULTS The most common tumor subtypes were epithelioid (n = 10) and synovial sarcoma (n = 8). Sixty-one percent were superficial in location. Thirty-three patients had had a nononcologic resection prior to definitive surgical treatment at our institution. Ultimately, negative margins were obtained in all cases. Local recurrence was observed in 5 patients and distant metastases in 14 patients. Tumor sizes ≥2 cm, American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) grade, and depth of the tumor were found to adversely affect the outcome in terms of disease-free and overall survival. Reexcision of an inadvertently excised tumor at an outside institution did not adversely affect the outcome. The 10-year overall and disease-free survival was 72% and 63%. CONCLUSIONS Local recurrence after a wide excision was observed infrequently; however, distant disease was relatively common. Tumors with a size ≥2 cm were associated with a worse disease-free and overall survival, highlighting the aggressive nature of these tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Alexander Y. Shin
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA,Alexander Y. Shin, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street South West, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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Function Preservation After Conservative Resection and Radiotherapy for Soft-tissue Sarcoma of the Distal Extremity. Am J Clin Oncol 2016; 39:600-603. [DOI: 10.1097/coc.0000000000000107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Bishop AJ, Zagars GK, Moon BS, Lin PP, Lewis VO, Guadagnolo BA. Combined Limb-Sparing Surgery and Radiation Therapy to Treat Sarcomas of the Hands and Feet: Long-Term Cancer Outcomes and Morbidity. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015; 92:1060-1068. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ramos-Pascua LR, Fernández-Hernández O, Sánchez Herráez S, Santos Sánchez JÁ, Flores Corral T. Ewing sarcoma of the first metacarpal with a 9-year follow-up: case report. J Hand Surg Am 2013; 38:1575-8. [PMID: 23809471 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2013.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Ewing sarcoma is a primary bone tumor that rarely occurs in the hand. We present a case involving the thumb metacarpal with long-term follow-up. Carpometacarpal and metacarpophalangeal arthrodeses with autograft are relatively simple procedures that stabilized the thumb and preserved satisfactory function.
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Parida L, Fernandez-Pineda I, Uffman J, Navid F, Davidoff AM, Neel M, Krasin MJ, Rao BN. Clinical management of Ewing sarcoma of the bones of the hands and feet: a retrospective single-institution review. J Pediatr Surg 2012; 47:1806-10. [PMID: 23084188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2012.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 05/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Bones of the hands and feet are uncommon sites for Ewing sarcoma. In this study, we reviewed our experience in the management of these tumors. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed clinical presentation, management, and outcome of patients with Ewing sarcoma of the bones of hands and feet treated at our institution (1981-2006). RESULTS The cohort included 6 males and 3 females (8 white, 1 African American; median age at diagnosis, 15 years). Primary tumor site was the hand in 6 and the foot in 3 patients. Three patients had distant metastatic disease at diagnosis (lung [n = 2]; ipsilateral axillary lymph node[(n = 1]). All patients had painful swelling at the primary site, and 2 (22%) had pathological fracture. All patients received chemotherapy and local control measures (surgery [n = 6], radiation [n = 2], surgery and radiation [(n = 1]). Three patients received radiotherapy for distant metastases. Three patients had systemic recurrence (lungs [n = 2], lung and brain [n = 1]); none had local tumor recurrence. Median follow-up was 5 years. Five patients (55.6%) are alive at last follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Chemotherapy and surgical excision of primary tumor are the mainstays of treatment. Radiotherapy is recommended for local control of lesions in the hand for patients declining excisional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit Parida
- Department of Surgery, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
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10
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Colterjohn NR, Davis AM, O'Sullivan B, Catton CN, Wunder JS, Bell RS. Functional outcome in limb-salvage surgery for soft tissue tumours of the foot and ankle. Sarcoma 2011; 1:67-74. [PMID: 18521204 PMCID: PMC2395356 DOI: 10.1080/13577149778326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose. This paper describes the functional and oncologic outcome of 30 cases (in 29 patients) treated with limb-salvage surgery for localized soft tissue sarcoma (STS) or fibromatosis of the foot and ankle.Subjects. Patients were eligible for the study if they had a STS or fibromatosis in the distal one-third of the tibia or the foot such that ablative surgery would require a below-knee amputation; had no metastatic disease at presentation; and had a minimum of 2 years of follow-up.Methods. Function was prospectively evaluated using the modified Enneking functional rating scale (MSTS) at 3, 6, 12 months and at most recent follow-up. Premorbid work status and change following surgery, lower leg oedema, and the use of orthotics and ambulatory aids were consecutively assessed. Tumour characteristics were recorded and patients were followed for systemic and local recurrence.Results. Thirty-six consecutive cases were managed by a multi-disciplinary sarcoma team. Six patients underwent below-knee amputation due to extensive local disease, while 30 cases were treated with limb-salvage surgery. Of the patients treated with limb salvage, there were 19 high-grade sarcomas, five low-grade sarcomas and six cases of fibromatosis. Microscopically negative margins were achieved in 26 of 30 cases. Ten cases required bone excision, and eight patients needed free vascularized tissue flaps. Twenty-five patients received adjuvant radiotherapy. Seven patients had post-operative complications. At mean follow-up of 52 months (range 24-109 months), four patients had developed systemic recurrence. There was one local recurrence in a patient with fibromatosis, while another patient with fibromatosis developed recurrence a considerable distance from the surgical and radiation field. Mean scores on the MSTS were 27.5 (range 11-35), 29.9 (range 13-35), 31.4 (range 17-35) and 31.0 (range 13-35) at 3, 6, 12 months and at most recent follow-up, respectively. Eighty-five per cent of the patients scored good to excellent at their last visit. Twelve patients reported persistent pain with two continuing to require occasional narcotics. Six had persistent mild oedema. Four required shoe modifications and three continue to use a cane. Six patients were unable to return to their premorbid employment with the majority of these previously employed in jobs requiring physical labour or long periods of either standing or walking.Discussion. Thirty of 36 patients (83%) presenting with foot and ankle STS or fibromatosis were candidates for limb preservation. With excellent local control and good functional outcome demonstrated in this study, limb salvage should be a primary goal in the management of selected patients with STS and fibromatosis of the foot and ankle.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Colterjohn
- University Musculoskeletal Oncology Unit and Division of Orthopaedic Surgery Mount Sinai Hospital and the University of Toronto Canada
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Jyothirmayi R, Sittampalam Y, Harmer C. Soft tissue sarcoma of the hand or foot: conservative surgery and radiotherapy. Sarcoma 2011; 3:17-24. [PMID: 18521260 PMCID: PMC2395404 DOI: 10.1080/13577149977820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose. Conservative treatment in the form of limited surgery and post-operative
radiotherapy is controversial in hand and foot sarcomas, both due to poor radiation
tolerance of the palm and sole, and due to technical difficulties in achieving adequate
margins.This paper describes the local control and survival of 41 patients with soft tissue
sarcoma of the hand or foot treated with conservative surgery and radiotherapy.
The acute and late toxicity of megavoltage radiotherapy to the hand and foot are described.
The technical issues and details of treatment delivery are discussed.
The factors influencing local control after radiotherapy are analysed. Subjects . Eighteen patients had sarcomas of the hand and 23 of the foot.
All patients received post-operative radiotherapy, the majority receiving a dose of 60
Gy in 2-Gy daily fractions using a two-phase treatment. Results . The acute and late toxicity of treatment were within acceptable limits.
The actuarial 5-year overall survival of the whole patient group was 67.6% and the
local relapse-free survival was 44%.The local control was similar in tumours of hand
and foot, and in patients treated at first presentation or relapse. Discussion. Post-operative radiotherapy to the hand or foot appears to be a well
tolerated treatment resulting in long-term local control in a significant proportion of patients.
The increased frequency of recurrence within the high-dose volume
suggests the need for the use of higher total doses of radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jyothirmayi
- Sarcoma Unit The Royal Marsden Hospital Fulham Road London SW3 6jj UK
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Tejwani A, Kobayashi W, Chen YLE, Rosenberg AE, Yoon S, Raskin KA, Rosenthal DI, Nielsen GP, Hornicek FJ, Delaney TF. Management of acral myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma. Cancer 2010; 116:5733-9. [PMID: 20737559 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.25567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2010] [Revised: 05/21/2010] [Accepted: 07/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acral myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma (AMFS) is a rare, low-grade sarcoma that commonly affects the distal extremities. From the published cases, therapy for AMFS to date has been comprised of excision or amputation, with limited use of radiotherapy (RT) or chemotherapy. In this report, the outcome of 17 patients with AMFS treated at the study institution was reported. METHODS A retrospective review of all cases of AMFS identified in the Sarcoma Database in the Department of Radiation Oncology at the study institution was conducted. Treatment records and data from follow-up visits of patients were reviewed. RESULTS Seventeen patients were identified. All the patients underwent surgical resection (15 excisions and 2 amputations). Positive surgical margins after excisions were noted in 5 patients and were widely positive in 1 patient. Of the 17 patients, 14 patients received some form of RT. The average total dose was 56.4 Gray (Gy). Eight patients received preoperative RT alone, 5 patients received preoperative RT and postoperative RT, and 1 patient received preoperative RT and intraoperative RT. Median follow-up was 24.5 months. One patient presented with recurrent disease and was treated with resection, and both pre- and postoperative RT. He was free of disease 23 months after his last treatment. No local recurrence was noted in the remaining patients. Of the 14 patients undergoing preoperative RT, complete pathologic necrosis or no tumor was noted in 1 of the patients. No metastatic disease was observed in any of the patients. There was no significant radiation toxicity observed in any of the patients. CONCLUSIONS Data were consistent with local control of distal extremity sarcomas with resection and RT, suggesting that limb-sparing surgery with this treatment combination is an appropriate option in the limb-sparing control of patients with AMFS, even those with positive surgical margins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Tejwani
- Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Local therapy for rhabdomyosarcoma of the hands and feet: is amputation necessary? A report from the Children's Oncology Group. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010; 80:206-12. [PMID: 20646853 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2009] [Revised: 01/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the outcome of children with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) of the hand or foot treated with surgery and/or local radiotherapy (RT). METHODS AND MATERIALS Forty-eight patients with nonmetastatic RMS of the hand or foot were enrolled on Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study III, IV-Pilot, and IV. Patients received multiagent chemotherapy with surgery and/or RT. Twenty-four patients (50%) underwent surgery without local RT, of whom 4 had complete resection and 20 had an amputation. The remaining 24 patients (50%) underwent local RT, of whom 2 required RT for microscopic residual disease after prior amputation. Median follow-up for surviving patients was 9.7 years. RESULTS Actuarial 10-year local control was 100%; 10-year event-free survival and overall survival rates were 62% and 63%, respectively. Poor prognostic factors for recurrence included gross residual (Group III) disease and nodal involvement (p = 0.01 and 0.05, respectively). More patients in the RT group had alveolar histology, Group III disease, and nodal involvement, as compared with the surgery group. There was no difference in 10-year event-free survival (57% vs. 66%) or overall survival (63% vs. 63%) between patients who underwent surgery or local RT. Among relapsing patients, there were no long-term survivors. No secondary malignancies have been observed. CONCLUSIONS Despite having high-risk features, patients treated with local RT achieved excellent local control. Complete surgical resection without amputation is difficult to achieve in the hand or foot. Therefore, we recommend either definitive RT or surgical resection that maintains form and function as primary local therapy rather than amputation in patients with hand or foot RMS.
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Single ray amputation after hand trauma or infection can result in good aesthetic and functional outcomes. The role of this procedure in the management of aggressive benign or malignant hand tumors has been described only in case reports and small case series. We retrospectively reviewed the records of all 25 patients who underwent single ray amputations at our center during a 10-year period; there were seven index, five middle, six ring, and seven small ray amputations performed. The minimum followup was 2 months (mean, 36 months; range, 2-120 months), with four patients having a followup of 1 year or less. No patients had local recurrences, although two patients had positive resection margins. One underwent repeat resection followed by radiotherapy. The other was treated with radiotherapy alone, as local tumor control would have required a hand amputation. Functional assessment based on the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society staging system showed an average of 27.5 (range, 21-30). Patients who underwent perioperative radiotherapy experienced a decrease in functional ability. Grip strength was an average of 66% (range, 38%-100%) of the contralateral side. Our study suggests single ray amputation for hand tumors has a low local recurrence rate and high functional scores. However, function can be compromised by radiotherapy and a decrease in grip strength by a mean of 34% is to be expected. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level IV, case series. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Puhaindran ME, Steensma MR, Athanasian EA. Partial hand preservation for large soft tissue sarcomas of the hand. J Hand Surg Am 2010; 35:291-5. [PMID: 20141899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2009.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2009] [Revised: 11/10/2009] [Accepted: 11/17/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hand amputations cause marked functional loss for patients. In patients with large soft tissue sarcomas of the hand, partial hand preservation is extremely challenging for surgeons attempting a complete resection of the tumor with negative resection margins. We conducted this review to examine the oncologic outcome, including local recurrence rate and patient overall survival, and functional outcome after resections for large soft tissue sarcomas with partial hand preservation. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of all patients with soft tissue sarcomas of the hand treated at our institution from 1995 to 2007. We identified 8 patients who had tumors at least 5 cm in maximum dimension and had tumor resection with partial hand preservation. The mean age at the time of surgery was 49 years (range, 10-80 years). Two patients had myxofibrosarcoma, 2 patients had synovial sarcoma, 2 patients had malignant fibrous histiocytoma, 1 patient had a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, and 1 patient had a liposarcoma. Two patients had low-grade tumors, and 6 patients had high-grade tumors. Two patients had American Joint Committee on Cancer stage 1b tumors, and 6 patients had American Joint Committee on Cancer stage 3 tumors. No patients had distant metastases at the time of surgery. Hand function was evaluated using Musculoskeletal Tumor Society criteria. RESULTS Of the 8 patients, 1 died of distant metastatic disease, 1 developed local tumor recurrence and is alive with locally recurrent disease, and the other 6 patients are completely disease-free. The mean Musculoskeletal Tumor Society score was 26 (range, 19-29), with the 2 patients who had received double-ray amputations having the lower scores (19 and 24). CONCLUSIONS Partial hand preservation is possible in selected patients with large soft tissue sarcomas of the hand, obtaining low local recurrence rates, good overall survival, and good functional outcome. However, all effort should be made to achieve negative resection margins. TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Therapeutic IV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Puhaindran
- Department of Surgery, Orthopaedic Surgery Service, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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Abstract
To properly treat soft tissue tumors, the foot and ankle surgeon must start with an adequate fund of knowledge and follow a systematic approach. Some malignant soft tumors have a predilection for the foot and ankle, and they may mimic common musculoskeletal conditions, leading to a trap for the unwary clinician. This review will familiarize the practitioner with the common soft tissue tumors that occur in the foot and ankle along with their presentations. A systematic approach to the workup is outlined, which is designed to establish the diagnosis with a significant degree of certainty before the surgical treatment of the tumor is planned. A practical and reliable method of distinguishing benign tumors from those that are potentially malignant is presented. Finally, the techniques for surgical management of the common soft tissue tumors are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry DeGroot
- Newton Wellesley Hospital, Newton, Massachusetts 02462, USA.
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Temple CLF, Ross DC, Magi E, DiFrancesco LM, Kurien E, Temple WJ. Preoperative chemoradiation and flap reconstruction provide high local control and low wound complication rates for patients undergoing limb salvage surgery for upper extremity tumors. J Surg Oncol 2007; 95:135-41. [PMID: 17262730 DOI: 10.1002/jso.20629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Neoadjuvant protocols in the management of upper extremity sarcoma have improved local control rates but have been associated with high complication rates. We present a refinement of the Eilber protocol using judicious preoperative chemoradiation, limb salvage surgery, and flap coverage to achieve high local control rates with acceptable wound healing complications. METHODS Patients presenting with upper extremity neoplasms from 1986 to 2002 were treated with a modified Eilber protocol, consisting of 3 days of adriamycin (30 mg/day) and sequential radiotherapy (300 cGy/day for 10 days). Limb salvage surgery with flap coverage where needed was performed 4-8 weeks later. Patients were followed prospectively for recurrence. RESULTS Fifty-three consecutive patients with upper extremity tumors were treated and followed for a mean of 6.1 years. This cohort included 44 sarcomas and nine non-metastasizing, locally aggressive tumors. There were two local recurrences (3.8%). Limb salvage was achieved in all patients. Flaps were required in 43.4% of patients. Major complications occurred in 11%, were all flap related (partial flap loss, venous congestion), and went on to heal promptly with treatment. CONCLUSION This modified Eilber protocol achieved 96% local control for upper extremity tumors with a wound complication rate of 11%. The liberal use of flaps of resulted in healed, stable wounds in all patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L F Temple
- Division of Plastic Surgery, University of Western Ontario, Ontario, Canada.
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Buecker PJ, Villafuerte JE, Hornicek FJ, Gebhardt MC, Mankin HJ. Improved survival for sarcomas of the wrist and hand. J Hand Surg Am 2006; 31:452-5. [PMID: 16516741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2005.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2005] [Revised: 11/23/2005] [Accepted: 11/23/2005] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate survival characteristics of malignant hand tumors compared with those occurring in other musculoskeletal locations over a 30-year period. METHODS Patients were identified through a computerized database maintained at the authors' institution over the past 30 years. Each patient's records were reviewed retrospectively. Diagnoses were categorized and survival data for patients with hand malignancies were compared with those of patients having similar tumors in other musculoskeletal sites by using multivariate statistical analysis. RESULTS The most common malignancies were epitheloid sarcoma, synovial sarcoma, and malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Improved survival during the follow-up period was found for hand malignancies versus those occurring in other musculoskeletal sites as a whole, and this difference was statistically significant. No significant survival benefit was identified for individual tumors. CONCLUSIONS Patients presenting with primary malignancies of the hand may survive longer than those with similar tumors in other musculoskeletal locations TYPE OF STUDY/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic, Level II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Buecker
- Orthopaedic Oncology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA.
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20
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Schoenfeld GS, Morris CG, Scarborough MT, Zlotecki RA. Adjuvant Radiotherapy in the Management of Soft Tissue Sarcoma Involving the Distal Extremities. Am J Clin Oncol 2006; 29:62-5. [PMID: 16462505 DOI: 10.1097/01.coc.0000197660.23734.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Treating soft tissue sarcoma (STS) of the distal extremity is challenging in terms of achieving local control and avoiding complications. It is now accepted that a limb conserving approach provides equivalent survival when compared with radical amputation. METHODS Twenty-three patients with STS involving the hand-wrist or foot-ankle complex received adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) for limb conservation and were evaluated to determine if local control, survival, and functional ability were achieved. The median patient age was 64 and median time of follow-up was 11 years. The location of the sarcoma included the hand (n = 12) or foot (n = 11). Seven patients received preoperative RT (median dose, 50.40 Gy) and 16 patients received postoperative RT (median dose, 64.80 Gy). Patients treated preoperatively and 9 treated postoperatively received hyperfractionated RT at 1.2 Gy twice-daily. Seven patients treated postoperatively received conventional daily-fractionated treatment. RESULTS Twenty of 23 patients received RT at first presentation; 3 were treated for locally recurrent disease. The 5- and 10-year rates of local control were 91%. The 10-year rates of cause-specific and absolute survival were 96% and 91%, respectively. The 5- and 10-year rates of distant metastases-free survival were 87%. The ultimate limb-conservation rate was 91%. No patient required an amputation because of local recurrence or treatment complications. Function of the hand or foot was maintained for all of the 21 patients for whom limb-conserving treatment was achieved. CONCLUSIONS Combined modality therapy with limb-conserving surgery and adjuvant RT achieves excellent local control (91%) and potential overall survival (91%) rates with excellent functional outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon S Schoenfeld
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610-0385, USA
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21
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DeLaney TF. Optimizing radiation therapy and post-treatment function in the management of extremity soft tissue sarcoma. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2005; 5:463-76. [PMID: 15509480 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-004-0035-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
When treating soft tissue sarcomas (STS) of the extremities, the major therapeutic goals are survival, local tumor control, optimal function, and minimal morbidity. Surgical resection of the primary tumor is the essential component of treatment for virtually all patients. However, local control by surgery alone is poor for the majority of patients with extremity lesions unless the procedure removes large volumes of grossly normal tissue (ie, widely negative margins are attained, because sarcomas tend to infiltrate normal tissue adjacent to the evident lesion). Thus, removal of the gross lesion by a simple excision alone is followed by local recurrence in 60% to 90% of patients. Radical resections reduce the local recurrence rate to 10% to 30%, but may compromise limb function. The combination of function-sparing surgery and radiation achieves better outcomes than either treatment alone for nearly all patients with STS. Because both surgical and radiation technique are critically important for optimizing local control of tumor and functional outcome, it is important to manage these patients in dedicated multispecialty clinics comprised of physicians with expertise in sarcomas, including orthopedic and general oncologic surgeons, radiation oncologists, medical oncologists, sarcoma pathologists, and bone and soft tissue diagnostic radiologists. Radiation therapy can be given by external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) or brachytherapy (BRT) or combination thereof. External beam radiation can be given either preoperatively or postoperatively. The clinical considerations and the outcome data that must be considered in choosing the most appropriate treatment technique for the individual patient are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F DeLaney
- Northeast Proton Therapy Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, 30 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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22
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Miller DV, Coffin CM, Zhou H. Rhabdomyosarcoma arising in the hand or foot: a clinicopathologic analysis. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2004; 7:361-9. [PMID: 15383931 DOI: 10.1007/s10024-003-6071-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2003] [Accepted: 02/04/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Rhabdomyosarcomas (RMS) arising at different anatomic sites have distinct clinicopathologic features that affect prognosis and outcome. RMS arising in the extremities generally have a worse prognosis. Case reports and anecdotal experience suggests the possibility that RMS of the hand or foot (RMSHF) may behave even more aggressively than RMS elsewhere in the extremities. This study describes clinicopathologic features and outcome of RMSHF. Charts and pathologic material from RMSHF cases from institutional files over a 32-year interval were reviewed. Additional cases from published reports and series over a 42-year interval were identified by a MEDLINE search. Pertinent clinicopathologic features for each case were compiled. Survival analysis and other data from these patients were compared with previously reported statistics in the literature for RMS at other anatomic sites, including elsewhere in the extremities. Six patients from the institutional files and 46 from published reports were identified. A number of adverse prognostic indicators were observed in the majority of these patients including alveolar morphology (86%) and distant metastasis at presentation (63%). Despite the aggressive nature of these tumors, the majority were smaller than 5 cm (61%). A propensity was observed for metastases to unusual sites such as breast, ovary, testis, pancreas, and kidney. The median survival was 19 months, and the 5-year survival was 27%. While these may reflect a constellation of findings related to site, it is also possible that alveolar histology is the main influence. RMSHF can present as a very small primary tumor with clinically evident or occult metastatic disease. Whether this reflects the location, the predominantly alveolar histologic type, or a molecular genetic subtype will require further analysis. Patients presenting with RMSHF should be thoroughly evaluated for occult metastases at the time of diagnosis and followed closely throughout treatment for subsequent involvement of unusual sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan V Miller
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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23
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Abstract
The outcome of treatment and prognostic factors were reviewed in 36 patients who had Ewing's sarcoma of the foot. The tumor was most common in the calcaneus (19 patients) and metatarsals (15 patients). Age, levels of lactate dehydrogenase, degree of anemia, tumor volume, type of surgery, and radiotherapy were not related to prognosis. Females with pain for less than 6 months, fever, high levels of erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and high levels of alkaline phosphatase showed a tendency for a poorer prognosis. The only observed prognostic factors are tumor site and treatment. Patients treated with four-drug neoadjuvant chemotherapy had the best survival. Four patients with metastatic disease at diagnosis died. Fourteen of 32 patients (44%) with localized Ewing's sarcoma were continuously disease-free at an average followup of 7 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Casadei
- 5th Orthopaedic Departement of the Rizzoli Institute, Via Pupilli 1, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
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25
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Lohman RF, Nabawi AS, Reece GP, Pollock RE, Evans GRD. Soft tissue sarcoma of the upper extremity: a 5-year experience at two institutions emphasizing the role of soft tissue flap reconstruction. Cancer 2002; 94:2256-64. [PMID: 12001125 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.10419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to define the impact of soft tissue flap reconstruction on multimodality therapy for patients with soft tissue sarcomas of the upper extremity. Treatment standards continue to evolve for these patients, and, with multimodality therapy, most of them are candidates for limb-preserving surgery. Consequently, the role of soft tissue flap reconstruction is expanding. METHODS A review was conducted of 100 consecutive patients with soft tissue sarcomas of the upper extremity who underwent surgery at several institutions between 1992 and 1997. RESULTS Seventy-one patients underwent direct closure of defects after tumor resection, and 29 patients required soft tissue reconstruction with flaps. These groups were similar in most respects, except that 52% of the patients who required soft tissue reconstruction presented with recurrent disease (P = 0.0004), and 79% of them had tumors measuring > 5 cm in greatest dimension (P = 0.0003). The patients who required flap reconstruction had larger skin deficits after undergoing tumor resection (140 cm2) compared with the patients who had wounds that were managed by direct closure (40 cm2; P < 0.00001). Margins around the resected tumors were larger (1.62 cm) when flaps were employed compared with margins when defects were closed directly (0.87 cm; P = 0.0005). However, the number of patients with intralesional, marginal, wide, and radical resections was the same regardless of wound management. Major complications occurred in 14% of patients, but none led to death or amputation. The median follow-up was 31 months, and 66% of patients had no evidence of disease at that time. Rates of local recurrence and survival were similar for patients who underwent flap reconstruction compared with patients who underwent direct closure. CONCLUSIONS Soft tissue flap reconstruction facilitates therapy for patients with soft tissue sarcomas of the upper extremity, so that patients with larger tumors can undergo resection, limiting complications and limb sacrifice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert F Lohman
- Section of Plastic Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago Illinois, USA
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26
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Jones TR, Norton MS, Johnstone PAS, Kane E, Shin AY. Pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma in an adult forearm: a case report. J Hand Surg Am 2002; 27:154-9. [PMID: 11810631 DOI: 10.1053/jhsu.2002.29481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a rare malignancy, and treatment protocols for this tumor are not established. Although Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study data have led to improvement in overall and disease-free survival for children with juvenile RMS, the applicability of those findings to adult pleomorphic RMS is uncertain. This report presents the case of a 29-year-old man with pleomorphic RMS of the forearm (a location not previously reported in current literature); reviews the immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and histologic diagnostic criteria; and discusses treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Jones
- Division of Hand and Microvascular Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Naval Medical Center San Diego, San Diego, CA 92134-1005
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Toretsky JA, Steinberg SM, Thakar M, Counts D, Pironis B, Parente C, Eskenazi A, Helman L, Wexler LH. Insulin-like growth factor type 1 (IGF-1) and IGF binding protein-3 in patients with Ewing sarcoma family of tumors. Cancer 2001; 92:2941-7. [PMID: 11753970 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(20011201)92:11<2941::aid-cncr10072>3.0.co;2-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ewing sarcoma family of tumors (ESFTs) are the second most common bone tumor, that most often affects persons ages 3-40 years. The ESFTs rely on signaling through the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) for growth and transformation. The current studies were performed to determine the levels of IGF-1 and IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) in patients with ESFT. The authors then performed an exploratory analysis to evaluate whether IGF parameters could differentiate event free or overall survival in ESFT patients. METHODS The authors measured serum levels of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 by using a radioimmunoassay from 111 patients with ESFT with a median follow-up of 13 years from diagnosis. RESULTS The IGF-1 levels were lower among patients with metastatic disease to the bones or the bone marrow compared with patients without metastasis to these sites (p2 = 0.021 and 0.0038, respectively). IGFBP-3 is known to sequester IGF-1; the ratios of IGFBP-3 to IGF-1 were evaluated. Patients with metastatic disease to any site had higher IGFBP-3 to IGF-1 ratios than patients with localized disease (p2 = 0.0067). There was a trend toward increased survival in patients with localized disease who had high IGFBP-3 to IGF-1 levels. Metastatic patients showed a similar trend. CONCLUSIONS Levels of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 in ESFT patients can identify patients with the most widespread disease. The IGFBP-3 to IGF-1 ratio in patients with either localized or metastatic disease identified patients with a trend toward increased survival. Further prospective evaluation with higher patient numbers might show a prognostic role for the IGFBP-3 to IGF-1 ratio in patients with ESFT.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Toretsky
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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Bertucio CS, Wara WM, Matthay KK, Ablin AR, Johnston JO, O'Donnell RJ, Weinberg V, Haas-Kogan DA. Functional and clinical outcomes of limb-sparing therapy for pediatric extremity sarcomas. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2001; 49:763-9. [PMID: 11172960 DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(00)01415-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the clinical and functional outcomes of children undergoing limb-sparing therapy for extremity sarcomas. METHODS AND MATERIALS We retrospectively reviewed 30 patients, age < or = 21 years, who were treated between l979 and l998 with external beam radiotherapy as a component of limb-sparing therapy for primary sarcomas of the extremity at UCSF. Included were patients for whom complete follow-up and functional outcome assessments were available. We assessed the patterns of failure, overall survival, disease-free survival, local control, and limb function. RESULTS At a median follow-up of 3 years, 12 of the 30 patients recurred: 3 locally, 8 distantly, and 1 with synchronous local and distant disease as site of first progression. Eighteen patients were alive with no evidence of disease. The median overall survival was 10 years, with a median disease-free survival of 8 years. Functional outcome assessment revealed 15 patients retained excellent, 12 good, 1 fair, and 2 poor limb function. CONCLUSION In pediatric patients receiving limb-sparing therapy, 90% maintained excellent or good limb function without compromising survival, demonstrating the validity of limb preservation in children with extremity sarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Bertucio
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California-San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-0226, USA
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Fabrizio PL, Stafford SL, Pritchard DJ. Extremity soft-tissue sarcomas selectively treated with surgery alone. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2000; 48:227-32. [PMID: 10924993 DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(00)00601-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study determined local control (LC), freedom from distant recurrence (FFDR), overall survival (OS), and potential prognostic factors in 34 adult patients with primary extremity or limb girdle soft-tissue sarcoma selectively managed with limb-conservation surgery alone. METHODS AND MATERIALS The medical records of 34 patients who underwent surgery alone for localized soft-tissue sarcoma of the extremity were reviewed. Median duration of follow-up in survivors was 55 months (range, 24-143). There were 13 (38%) females. Eighteen (53%) of the tumors were low-grade, 15 (44%) were superficial, 15 (44%) were small (5 cm or less), and 16 (47%) involved the distal extremity. RESULTS Actuarial 5-year LC was 80%, FFDR was 86%, and OS was 82%. All recurrences (local and distant) were in patients with high-grade tumors; their 5-year LC was 60%, FFDR was 71%, and OS was 69%. In 2 patients, metastatic disease developed either concurrent with or after their local recurrence. Univariate analysis revealed better OS, FFDR, and LC for patients with low-grade tumors (p < 0.05). Female patients had significantly better FFDR and OS (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION It is appropriate to consider withholding irradiation for selected patients with low-grade tumors resected with negative margins if, in the event of a local failure, a function-preserving surgical salvage is anticipated. For patients with high-grade sarcomas, the control of local and distant disease was not acceptable with limb-conservation surgery alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- P L Fabrizio
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Abstract
The studies reporting functional outcome for patients undergoing limb preservation surgery for extremity soft tissue sarcoma (STS) have evaluated mainly impairments, that is, deficits at an anatomic structure level, such as joint range of motion and strength. Disability, activities of daily living, self-care, and mobility have been less frequently evaluated. Review of the literature suggests that approximately 50% of patients treated for STS have significant impairments, whereas the frequency of disability is less. Synthesis of the results is difficult because of the heterogeneity of patient samples, treatment, and the outcomes used to evaluate function. Future studies require the use of standardized definitions and reliable and valid functional outcome measures. Improved patient outcomes can be achieved only by understanding the determinants of these outcomes and by introducing interventions to improve patient functional outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Davis
- Departments of Physical Therapy and Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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31
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Abstract
In childhood, soft tissue sarcomas comprise a complex group of malignancies of varied histologic subtypes, the prognoses of which depend on the histology, age, site, extent of involvement and a variety of other factors. This paper discusses the varieties of tumors classified as soft tissue sarcomas in childhood and the multimodal approach taken to cure these tumors, with particular attention to the details of difficult surgical problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Pappo
- Department of Hematology-Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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Steinau HU, Hebebrand D, Vogt P. Amputation alternatives preserving bipedal ambulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s1071-0949(97)80026-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Robinson
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Weston Park Hospital NHS Trust, University of Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Abstract
This study examined the correlation of electrodiagnostic test results and symptom outcome after carpal tunnel release. After meeting specific inclusion and exclusion criteria and failing conservative management, 167 patients (227 hands) underwent an open carpal tunnel release. Of 99 hands with a positive electromyographic/nerve conduction velocity study, 93 (93%) had resolved or improved symptoms. This finding compares with a 93% resolution or improvement rate in 27 hands with a negative electromyographic/nerve conduction velocity study and a 93% resolution or improvement in postoperative symptoms in 101 hands on which no electromyographic/nerve conduction velocity study had been performed. Statistical analysis demonstrated no significant differences in final symptom status after carpal tunnel release when comparing patients who had positive, negative, or no electrodiagnostic preoperative testing. Given specific clinical criteria for establishing the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome, electrodiagnostic testing does not appear to correlate with improved final symptomatic outcome after carpal tunnel release.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Glowacki
- Department of Orthopaedics, Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, USA
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Catton CN, O'Sullivan B, Bell R, Cummings B, Fornasier V, Panzarella T. Aggressive fibromatosis: optimisation of local management with a retrospective failure analysis. Radiother Oncol 1995; 34:17-22. [PMID: 7792394 DOI: 10.1016/0167-8140(94)01483-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The records of 40 consecutive patients treated at the Princess Margaret Hospital (PMH) between 1979 and 1988 for aggressive fibromatosis were reviewed. The median follow-up was 86 months (range 21-167 months). All surgery was performed at the referring hospitals. Thirty-six underwent an attempt at excision, four were biopsied. Thirty-one had no overt disease after surgery and 26 of these received adjuvant irradiation. Eight were treated with radiotherapy alone, and another was treated with azathioprine and prednisone. Twenty-four (60%) presented with recurrent disease. The overall relapse free rate was 63% at 5 and 10 years. Combined surgery and irradiation had a higher relapse rate than irradiation alone (46% vs. 25%), and a high proportion of failures in the combined group were marginal failures (36%). Relapses following surgery alone were 1/5 (20%), and chemotherapy 0/1. Tumour size greater than 8 cm predicted for relapse (p = 0.002), but tumour site, status of surgical margins, and presence or absence of a history of relapse were not statistically significant. Twelve with subsequent treatment failure underwent successful salvage surgery, and 37/40 (92%) were disease free at last follow-up. A functional assessment (modified Johnstone scale) revealed 11/24 patients (46%) with poor functional outcomes (grade 2 or less) after all treatment compared with 6/24 (25%) at referral. Ten of 11 (91%) with grade of 2 or less had a history of recurrence, and 4/5 amputations were for treatment of a painful recurrence. Treatment planning in this study was hampered by inadequate information on tumour location since few patients had clinically apparent disease when seen by the radiation oncologist (only 35% of cases) and fewer had preoperative cross-sectional imaging available (12% of cases).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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