1
|
Mansour NM, El-Sherbiny DT, Ibrahim FA, El-Subbagh HI. Analysis of Two Mixtures Containing Racetams in Their Pharmaceuticals Using Simple Spectrophotometric Methodologies. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2022; 80:885-896. [PMID: 35718111 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2022.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Green spectrophotometric methods were developed and validated for determination of some CNS active drugs as antiepileptics and brain stimulants. OBJECTIVE Piracetam (PIR), Levetiracetam (LEV) and Brivaracetam (BRV) were assayed as a ternary mixture using double divisor-ratio spectra derivative (DDRSD) (method I). One more binary co-formulated mixture of Piracetam (PIR) and Vincamine (VIN) was assayed using difference spectrophotometric procedures (method II). METHOD Method I was applied to determine PIR at 302 nm in the first derivative of the ratio spectra in the selected spectral region. The content of LEV was determined by measuring the spectra at 215 nm in the first derivative of the ratio spectra in the selected spectral region. The concentration of BRV was estimated by measuring the first derivative of the ratio spectra in the chosen spectral region and detecting the signals at 229.7 nm. The application of method (II) procedures resulted in measuring the absorbance of PIR at 220 nm which is the zero crossing point on the difference spectra of VIN in 0.1 M NaOH vs. 0.1 M HCl. Similarly, the absorbance of VIN was measured at 245.0 nm, which is the zero crossing point on the difference spectra of PIR. RESULTS The suggested methods were fully validated adopting ICH guidelines. The linearity ranged from 10-100 µg/mL for the three racetams and from 2-20 for VIN. The recovery percentages were ranged from 98.72 % to 101.8 % for method I and from 98.13 % to 101.06 % for method II. Moreover, the proposed methods were proved environmentally benign using the most recent assessment tool named AGREE. CONCLUSION Both procedures were successfully applied for the determination of each drug in bulk powder, checked using laboratory prepared mixtures, and directly applied on commercially available pharmaceutical products without interference. The obtained results revealed a good agreement with those obtained by the reported methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noura M Mansour
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, 35712 Gamasa, Egypt.
| | - Dina T El-Sherbiny
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, 35712 Gamasa, Egypt
| | - Fawzia A Ibrahim
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Hussein I El-Subbagh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ibrahim FA, Elbrashy AM, Nasr JJM, Badr El-Dien MM. Application of π acceptors to the spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric determination of vincamine and naftidrofuryl oxalate in their pharmaceutical preparations. LUMINESCENCE 2016; 32:555-563. [PMID: 27753197 DOI: 10.1002/bio.3221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Three different spectrophotometric and two spectrofluorimetric methods have been developed and validated for the determination of vincamine (VN) and naftidrofuryl oxalate (NF) in tablets. The spectrophotometric methods depend on charge transfer complex formation between each of VN and NF with 7,7,8,8-tetracyano-quinodimethane (TCNQ), 2,6-dichloroquinone-4-chloroimide (DCQ) and 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) at 843, 580 and 588 nm, respectively. The spectrofluorimetric methods are based on the formation of charge transfer complex between each of the two drugs and TCNQ, with measurement of the fluorophore formed at 312/375 and 284/612 nm, respectively, or with DDQ at 400/475 and 284/396 nm, respectively. In the spectrophotometric measurements, Beer's law was obeyed at concentration ranges of 1.5-16, 10-180 and 12-140 μg/ml for VN with TCNQ, DCQ, and DDQ, respectively. For NF, the corresponding concentrations were 2-28, 5-75 and 25-150 μg/ml with TCNQ, DCQ, and DDQ, respectively. In the spectrofluorimetric measurements, the ranges for VN were 0.05-0.9 and 0.3-4 μg/ml with TCNQ and DDQ, respectively, whereas for NF the ranges were 0.05-0.85 and 0.5-8 μg/ml with TCNQ and DDQ, respectively. The different experimental parameters affecting the development and stability of the formed color or fluorophore were studied and optimized and the molar ratios of the complexes were calculated. The proposed methods were validated according to ICH guidelines and were successfully applied for the determination of VN and NF in their tablet dosage forms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fawzia A Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Amina M Elbrashy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Jenny Jeehan M Nasr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Mostafa M Badr El-Dien
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fandy TE, Abdallah I, Khayat M, Colby DA, Hassan HE. In vitro characterization of transport and metabolism of the alkaloids: vincamine, vinpocetine and eburnamonine. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2015; 77:259-67. [PMID: 26666648 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-015-2924-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vincamine, vinpocetine and eburnamonine are alkaloids known for their neuroprotective attributes, enhancement of cerebrovascular blood flow and antitumor effect of their derivatives. However, the relative metabolic stability of these alkaloids and their extrusion by the drug efflux transporters expressed at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are not clear. In this study, we developed rapid and sensitive methods for the detection of these alkaloids and investigated their relative metabolic stability and their interaction with drug efflux transporters. METHODS UPLC methods were developed to analyze metabolic in vitro samples. Intrinsic clearance was determined using rat liver microsomal enzymes. Drug-stimulated transporter activity was estimated by measuring inorganic phosphate released from ATP spectrophotometrically. RESULTS The UPLC methods quantification level ranged from 0.02 to 0.025 µg/mL, indicating high sensitivity. The intrinsic clearance of eburnamonine was significantly less than both vincamine and vinpocetine. Different concentrations of the three drugs (4, 20 and 100 µM) induced minimal stimulation of the ATPase activity of the Bcrp and Pgp membrane transporters. CONCLUSIONS The developed simple, sensitive and reliable UPLC analysis methods can be utilized in future in vitro and in vivo studies. The three alkaloids demonstrated minimal interaction with the drug efflux transporters Pgp and Bcrp, concordant with the ability of these alkaloids to cross the BBB. The relative metabolic stability of eburnamonine compared to the other alkaloids suggests the use of eburnamonine or its derivatives as lead compounds for the development of antitumor and nootropic agents that need to cross the BBB and produce their pharmacological effects in the CNS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamer E Fandy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albany College of Pharmacy, Colchester, VT, USA
| | - Inas Abdallah
- Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, 20 N Pine Street, Room: N525 (Office), Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Maan Khayat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA
| | - David A Colby
- Department of BioMolecular Science, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Hazem E Hassan
- Pharmacokinetics and Biopharmaceutics Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, 20 N Pine Street, Room: N525 (Office), Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Beltagi AM. Development and Validation of an Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetric Method for the Quantification of Vincamine in Its Formulations and Human Serum Using a Nujol-Based Carbon Paste Electrode. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2008; 56:1651-7. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.56.1651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amr Mohamed Beltagi
- Chemistry & Physics Department, Faculty of Education, Kafr El-Sheikh University
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Juan YP, Tsai TH. Measurement and pharmacokinetics of vincamine in rat blood and brain using microdialysis. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1088:146-51. [PMID: 16130744 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Vincamine is an alkaloid compound derived from the Vinca minor plant. Since little is known concerning its pharmacokinetics and appropriate analytical method, this study focuses on its pharmacokinetics as well the possible roles of the multidrug transporter P-glycoprotein on its distribution and disposition. We develop a rapid and sensitive method using a microdialysis coupled with liquid chromatography for the concurrent determination of unbound vincamine in rat blood and brain. Microdialysis probes were simultaneously inserted into the jugular vein toward heart and brain hippocampus of male Sprague-Dawley rats for sampling in biological fluids following the administration of vincamine (10 and 30 mg/kg) through the femoral vein. Samples were eluted with a mobile phase containing methanol-1% diethylamine (pH 7.15) in water (75:25, v/v) and the flow rate of the mobile phase was 0.7 ml/min. Pharmacokinetic parameters of vincamine were derived using compartmental model. The decline of protein-unbound vincamine in the hippocampus and blood suggested that there was rapid exchange and equilibration between the peripheral compartment and the central nervous system. In the presence of cyclosporine, unbound vincamine levels in both blood and brain were significantly increased.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ping Juan
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Shehata MAM, El Sayed MA, El Tarras MF, El Bardicy MG. Stability-indicating methods for determination of vincamine in presence of its degradation product. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2005; 38:72-8. [PMID: 15907622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2004.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2003] [Revised: 11/26/2004] [Accepted: 11/27/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Three different stability indicating assay methods are developed and validated for determination of vincamine in the presence of its degradation product (vincaminic acid). The first method is based on the derivative ratio zero crossing spectrophotometric technique using 0.1 N hydrochloric acid as a solvent. In the second method, measurements are based on spectro-densitometric technique using high performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) plates with a developing system consisting of methanol-chloroform-ethyl acetate (2:1:1, v/v/v). The third method depends on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Separation of vincamine from vincaminic acid using Lichrocart RP-18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm i.d.) with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-ammonium carbonate (0.01 M) (7:3, v/v) is achieved. The methods showed high sensitivity with good linearity over the concentration ranges of 12 to 48 microg ml-1, 3 to 17 microg/spot, and 2 to 20 microg ml-1 for derivative spectrophotometry, spectro-densitometry and HPLC methods, respectively. The developed methods were successfully applied to the analysis of pharmaceutical formulations containing vincamine with excellent recoveries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa A M Shehata
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasrel Aini Street, Cairo, Egypt ET 11562, Egypt.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ho TS, Pedersen-Bjergaard S, Rasmussen KE. Recovery, enrichment and selectivity in liquid-phase microextraction comparison with conventional liquid-liquid extraction. J Chromatogr A 2002; 963:3-17. [PMID: 12187984 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)00215-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Mathematical descriptions for extraction recovery and enrichment were applied for liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) and comparison with conventional two- and three-phase liquid-liquid extraction techniques (LLE) was made. The LPME theoretical calculations were verified by experimental determination of actual partition coefficients and by data obtained with LPME in a robust hollow fibre formate. With hollow fibre LPME operated in the two-phase mode, analytes were extracted from 1 to 4 ml aqueous samples into 25-50 microl of an organic solvent present in the pores and in the lumen of the porous hollow fibres. Compared with conventional two-phase LLE, two-phase LPME provided substantially higher enrichments for compounds with relatively large partition coefficients (K(org)/d>500). In contrast, because of the large volume of organic solvent relative to the sample volume, LLE provided high recovery and moderate enrichment even for compounds with relatively low partition coefficients (K(org)/d>5). Thus, two-phase LPME may be used for substantially enhanced extraction selectivity and enrichment of relatively hydrophobic analytes as compared with LLE whereas conventional two-phase LLE is superior for more hydrophilic analytes. Similar results were found for three-phase LPME where analytes where extracted from 1 to 4 ml aqueous samples through approximately 20 microl organic solvent immobilized within the pores of the hollow fibre and into 25 microl of an aqueous acceptor solution inside the lumen of the hollow fibre. The fundamental differences of LPME and LLE were further demonstrated with practical experiments on extraction of the basic drugs promethazine, methadone, and haloperidol from human plasma and urine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tung Si Ho
- School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Norway.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Emara LH, el-Menshawi BS, Estefan MY. In vitro-in vivo correlation and comparative bioavailablity of vincamine in prolonged-release preparations. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2000; 26:243-51. [PMID: 10738641 DOI: 10.1081/ddc-100100352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Developing an in vitro dissolution test that gives good correlation with in vivo data for a particular drug product is an important objective. Available dissolution data of vincamine prolonged-release preparations show different in vitro release behavior at different pH using the conventional dissolution techniques. This does not allow development of an in vitro-in vivo correlation (IVIVC). In the present work, the flow-through cell (FTC) dissolution system (USP apparatus 4) was utilized to compare the release rate of three marketed prolonged-release oral formulations of vincamine; namely, a brand innovator formulation used as the reference and two formulations from different manufacturers as test products. Both the open and closed systems of FTC were used at variable pH. A comparative bioavailability study was then conducted in 16 healthy volunteers for a test versus the reference product by administering a single dose of 60 mg in a crossover design. Vincamine plasma concentrations were analyzed by a sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. This was followed by assessment of IVIVC according to level A as specified by USP 23; the absorbed fraction of vincamine was determined using the Wagner-Nelson method. The results indicated that the pH of the medium affects the release rate pronouncedly. The relative bioavailability based on Cmax and AUC0-12 were found to be 83.15% and 84.15%, respectively. Good correlation was obtained between fraction absorbed in vivo and fraction dissolved in vitro by applying the open system of the FTC. This technique gave the most favorable results with regard to the percentage vincamine released and the IVIVC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L H Emara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bauerle GF, Hall BJ, Tran NV, Brodbelt JS. Ion-molecule reactions of oxygenated chemical ionization reagents with vincamine. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 1996; 7:250-260. [PMID: 24203296 DOI: 10.1016/1044-0305(95)00650-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/1995] [Revised: 09/29/1995] [Accepted: 09/29/1995] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The ion-molecule reactions of ions from acetone, dimethyl ether, 2-methoxyethanol, and vinyl methyl ether with vincamine were investigated. Reactions with dimethyl ether result in [M+13](+) and [M+45](+) products, reactions with 2-methoxyethanol produce [M+13](+) and [M+89](+) ions, and reactions with acetone or vinyl methyl ether ions generate predominantly [M+43](+) ions. Collision-activated dissociation and deuterium labeling experiments allowed speculation about the product structures and mechanisms of dissociation. The methylene substitution process was shown to occur at the hydroxyl oxygen and the phenyl ring of vincamine for dimethyl ether reactions, but the methylene substitution process was not favored at the hydroxyl oxygen for the 2-methoxyethanol reactions, instead favored at the 12 phenyl position. The reaction site is likely different for the 2-methoxyethanol ion due to its capability for secondary hydrogen-bonding interactions. For the [M+45](+) and [M+89](+) ions, evidence suggests that charge-remote fragmentation processes occur from these products. In general, the use of dimethyl ether ions or 2-methoxyethanol ions for ionmolecule reactions prove highly diagnostic for the characterization of vincamine; both molecular weight and structural information are obtained. Limits of detection for vincamine with dimethyl ether chemical ionization via this technique on a benchtop ion trap gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer are in the upper parts per trillion range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G F Bauerle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Welch Hall 1. 202, 78712-1167, Austin, TX
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|