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Dembowski M, Loring JS, Bowden ME, Reynolds JG, Graham TR, Rosso KM, Pearce CI. The controlling role of atmosphere in dawsonite versus gibbsite precipitation from tetrahedral aluminate species. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:13438-13446. [PMID: 34477710 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02081a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In highly alkaline solution, aluminum speciates as the tetrahedrally coordinated aluminate monomer, Al(OH)4- and/or dimer Al2O(OH)62-, yet precipitates as octahedrally coordinated gibbsite (Al(OH)3). This tetrahedral to octahedral transformation governs Al precipitation, which is crucial to worldwide aluminum (Al) production, and to the retrieval and processing of Al-containing caustic high-level radioactive wastes. Despite its significance, the transformation pathway remains unknown. Here we explore the roles of atmospheric water and carbon dioxide in mediating the transformation of the tetrahedrally coordinated potassium aluminate dimer salt (K2Al2O(OH)6) to gibbsite versus potassium dawsonite (KAl(CO3)(OH)2). A combination of in situ attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy, ex situ micro X-ray diffraction, and multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares chemometrics analysis reveals that humidity plays a key role in the transformation by limiting the amount of alkalinity neutralization by dissolved CO2. Lower humidity favors higher alkalinity and incorporation of carbonate species in the final Al product to form KAl(CO3)(OH)2. Higher humidity enables more acid generation that destabilizes dawsonite and favors gibbsite as the solubility limiting phase. This indicates that the transition from tetra- to octahedrally coordinated Al does not have to occur in bulk solution, as has often been hypothesized, but may instead occur in thin water films present on mineral surfaces in humid environments. Our findings suggest that phase selection can be controlled by humidity, which could enable new pathways to Al transformations useful to the Al processing industry, as well as improved understanding of phases that appear in caustic Al-bearing solutions exposed to atmospheric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Dembowski
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
| | - John S Loring
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
| | - Mark E Bowden
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
| | - Jacob G Reynolds
- Washington River Protection Solutions, LLC, Richland, Washington 93352, USA
| | - Trent R Graham
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
| | - Kevin M Rosso
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA.
| | - Carolyn I Pearce
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA. .,Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
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Chukanov NV, Vigasina MF. Raman Spectra of Minerals. VIBRATIONAL (INFRARED AND RAMAN) SPECTRA OF MINERALS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-26803-9_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Frost RL, López A, Scholz R. Raman and infrared spectroscopic study of kamphaugite-(Y). SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 143:67-71. [PMID: 25710116 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the carbonate mineral kamphaugite-(Y)(CaY(CO3)2(OH)·H2O), a mineral which contains yttrium and specific rare earth elements. Chemical analysis shows the presence of Ca, Y and C. Back scattering SEM appears to indicate a single pure phase. The vibrational spectroscopy of kamphaugite-(Y) was obtained using a combination of Raman and infrared spectroscopy. Two distinct Raman bands observed at 1078 and 1088cm(-1) provide evidence for the non-equivalence of the carbonate anion in the kamphaugite-(Y) structure. Such a concept is supported by the number of bands assigned to the carbonate antisymmetric stretching mode. Multiple bands in the ν4 region offers further support for the non-equivalence of carbonate anions in the structure. Vibrational spectroscopy enables aspects of the structure of the mineral kamphaugite-(Y) to be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray L Frost
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia.
| | - Andrés López
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Ricardo Scholz
- Geology Department, School of Mines, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG 35400-00, Brazil
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Frost RL, López A, Scholz R, de Oliveira FAN. SEM, EDX and vibrational spectroscopic study of the mineral tunisite NaCa2Al4(CO3)4Cl(OH)8. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 136 Pt B:911-917. [PMID: 25459616 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.09.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The mineral tunisite has been studied by using a combination of scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence and vibrational spectroscopy. Chemical analysis shows the presence of Na, Ca, Al and Cl. SEM shows a pure single phase. An intense Raman band at 1127 cm(-1) is assigned to the carbonate ν1 symmetric stretching vibration and the Raman band at 1522 cm(-1) is assigned to the ν3 carbonate antisymmetric stretching vibration. Infrared bands are observed in similar positions. Multiple carbonate bending modes are found. Raman bands attributable to AlO stretching and bending vibrations are observed. Two Raman bands at 3419 and 3482 cm(-1) are assigned to the OH stretching vibrations of the OH units. Vibrational spectroscopy enables aspects of the molecular structure of the carbonate mineral tunisite to be assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray L Frost
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia.
| | - Andrés López
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Ricardo Scholz
- Geology Department, School of Mines, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG 35,400-00, Brazil
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Frost RL, López A, Scholz R, Sampaio NP, de Oliveira FAN. SEM, EDS and vibrational spectroscopic study of dawsonite NaAl(CO3)(OH)2. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 136 Pt B:918-923. [PMID: 25459617 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.09.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work we have studied the mineral dawsonite by using a combination of scanning electron microscopy with EDS and vibrational spectroscopy. Single crystals show an acicular habitus forming aggregates with a rosette shape. The chemical analysis shows a phase composed of C, Al, and Na. Two distinct Raman bands at 1091 and 1068 cm(-1) are assigned to the CO3(2-) ν1 symmetric stretching mode. Multiple bands are observed in both the Raman and infrared spectra in the antisymmetric stretching and bending regions showing that the symmetry of the carbonate anion is reduced and in all probability the carbonate anions are not equivalent in the dawsonite structure. Multiple OH deformation vibrations centred upon 950 cm(-1) in both the Raman and infrared spectra show that the OH units in the dawsonite structure are non-equivalent. Raman bands observed at 3250, 3283 and 3295 cm(-1) are assigned to OH stretching vibrations. The position of these bands indicates strong hydrogen bonding of the OH units in the dawsonite structure. The formation of the mineral dawsonite has the potential to offer a mechanism for the geosequestration of greenhouse gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray L Frost
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia.
| | - Andrés López
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Science and Engineering Faculty, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Ricardo Scholz
- Geology Department, School of Mines, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG 35,400-00, Brazil
| | - Ney Pinheiro Sampaio
- NanoLab, REDEMAT, School of Mines, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Campus Morro do Cruzeiro, Ouro Preto, MG 35,400-00, Brazil
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Duan X, Kim T, Li D, Ma J, Zheng W. Understanding the Effect Models of Ionic Liquids in the Synthesis of NH4-Dw and γ-AlOOH Nanostructures and Their Conversion into Porous γ-Al2O3. Chemistry 2013; 19:5924-37. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Łodziana Z, Stoica G, Pérez-Ramírez J. Reevaluation of the structure and fundamental physical properties of dawsonites by DFT studies. Inorg Chem 2011; 50:2590-8. [PMID: 21348444 DOI: 10.1021/ic102443h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dawsonite-type compounds, with the general formula MAlCO(3)(OH)(2), where M = Na(+), K(+), or NH(4)(+), recently have become attractive materials because of their potential interest in geochemical CO(2) sequestration, CO(2) capture in power plants, and heterogeneous catalysis. However, the number of studies assessing the properties of these materials is limited. In the present paper, we report a theoretical reevaluation of the structural and essential physicochemical properties of Na-, K-, and NH(4)-dawsonites as determined by density functional theory (DFT) investigations. The calculated structure of Na- and K-dawsonites is in good agreement with previous data, while for NH(4)AlCO(3)(OH)(2), the calculations suggest orientation disorder of the ammonium ions in the structure. The normal-mode analysis, electronic and bonding properties, and elastic properties are reported for the three analogue dawsonites. The calculated formation enthalpy is -1714, -1699, and -1655 kJ/mol for K-, Na-, and NH(4)-dawsonite, respectively. This study comprises a first step toward a better understanding of the diversity of dawsonite intrinsic properties, which is required to tune their practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew Łodziana
- INP, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Radzikowskiego 152, PL-31-342 Kraków, Poland.
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Stoica G, Abelló S, Pérez-Ramírez J. Synthesis of dimethyl carbonate by transesterification of ethylene carbonate over activated dawsonites. CHEMSUSCHEM 2009; 2:301-304. [PMID: 19197926 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.200800195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgiana Stoica
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Avinguda Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
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Yalfani MS, Santiago M, Pérez-Ramírez J. In situ studies during thermal activation of dawsonite-type compounds to oxide catalysts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1039/b615264c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Santiago M, Yalfani MS, Pérez-Ramírez J. In-line dispersion–precipitation method for the synthesis of metal-substituted dawsonites. Genesis of oxide materials with superior properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1039/b607031k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Alvarez-Ayuso E, Nugteren HW. Synthesis of dawsonite: a method to treat the etching waste streams of the aluminium anodising industry. WATER RESEARCH 2005; 39:2096-104. [PMID: 15922401 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2005.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2004] [Revised: 02/28/2005] [Accepted: 02/28/2005] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of dawsonite was studied as a way to deal with the etching waste streams of the aluminium anodising industry in order to reduce the emissions to the environment and also to recover useful and marketable mineral resource materials. The process of synthesis was carried out using two different waste streams arising from the etching section of an anodising process when a cascade rinsing system is employed, the spent etching bath solution (132 g/l of Al and 151 g/l of Na), and the first stage effluent from the cascade rinsing system (67 g/l of Al and 71 g/l of Na). The synthesis of dawsonite was studied as a function of NaHCO3/Al molar ratio (1-10), crystallization temperature (30-150 degrees C), and reaction time (2-48 h) using supersaturated NaHCO3 solutions. A NaHCO3/Al molar ratio of 3 was optimal to obtain dawsonite as a single phase, and a reaction time of 24 h and high crystallization temperature (150 degrees C) to improve its crystallinity. The mineral characterisation was performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential thermal analysis (DTA), all of which indicated characteristics typical of the desired compound. Almost 100% of the aluminium initially present in the etching waste streams was recovered in the form of dawsonite when the appropriate conditions for its synthesis were used.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Alvarez-Ayuso
- Department of Chemical Technology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2638 BL Delft, The Netherlands.
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Syvitski RT, Burnell EE. NMR and molecular structure of partially oriented mono and para methyl- and chlorobenzenes dissolved in nematic liquid crystals. CAN J CHEM 1999. [DOI: 10.1139/v99-144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Spectral parameters, order parameters, and structural parameters, including the vibrationally corrected ralpha structure of the partially oriented solutes p-xylene, p-chlorotoluene, p-dichlorobenzene, toluene, and chlorobenzene dissolved in three liquid crystal mixtures, are reported. For samples containing the three solutes p-xylene, p-dichlorobenzene, and 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene, multiple quantum (MQ) nuclear magnetic resonance was used to aid in the analysis of the complex high-resolution spectra of the p-xylene. The high-resolution spectra of 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene and p-dichlorobenzene were easily identified and analyzed once the calculated p-xylene spectrum was subtracted from the experimental one. The methyl groups of p-xylene, p-chlorotoluene, and toluene have similar geometries when the structure is determined from dipolar couplings corrected for harmonic vibrations.Key words: nematic liquid crystal, NMR, molecular structure, order parameter.
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Giannos M, Hoang M, Turney TW. Thermally Stable Aluminas for High Temperature Applications. CHEM LETT 1998. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1998.793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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