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Saberi MH, Bita S. Endogenous enzymatic antioxidant status of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) following exposure to sublethal concentrations of silver nanoparticles. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 193:115072. [PMID: 37315417 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Immunotoxicity of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) to whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) was assessed using redox-status orchestrating enzymes. To this end, the shrimp was exposed to sublethal AgNPs concentrations (0 % LC50: control; 25 % LC50: 0.97 mg/L; 50 % LC50: 1.95 mg/L; 75 % LC50: 2.92 mg/L). During the experiment, the behavior of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) was monitored, besides total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and malondialdehyde (MDA). The hepatopancreas SOD activity reduced about 63 %-76 % at.%50 LC50 and %75 LC50 AgNPs treatments, and CAT decreased in both tissues at 50 % LC50 AgNPs. TAC exhibited a U-form response in the hepatopancreas organ against stress caused by AgNPs, and hepatopancreas MDA displayed a time-dependent increase. Taken together, AgNPs triggered severe immunotoxicity through suppression of CAT, SOD, and TAC in the hepatopancreas tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seraj Bita
- Department of Fisheries sciences, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Chabahar Maritime University, Chabahar, Iran.
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Tang M, Fang R, Xue J, Yang K, Lu Y. Effects of Catalase on Growth Performance, Antioxidant Capacity, Intestinal Morphology, and Microbial Composition in Yellow Broilers. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:802051. [PMID: 35400106 PMCID: PMC8988485 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.802051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of catalase (CAT) on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, intestinal morphology, and microbial composition of yellow broilers. Male Lingnan yellow broilers (360), aged 1 day, were randomly divided into control group (CON) (fed with a basic diet), R1 group (fed with basic diet + 150 U/kg catalase), and R2 group (fed with basic diet + 200 U/kg catalase). Each group had 8 replicates and 15 chickens in each replicate. The test is divided into the early stage (1–30 days) and the later stage (31–60 days). The results showed that compared with the control group, groups R1 and R2 significantly (p < 0.05) increased the weight gain and reduced (p < 0.05) the ratio of feed to gain in the early and the whole stages; prominently increased (p < 0.05) the concentration of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), the activities of CAT, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in livers, the activities of CAT and GSH-Px in serum, and CAT in the jejunum in the early and the later stages; markedly increased (p < 0.05) the villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth of the duodenum in the early and the later stages, the villus height and the villus height:crypt depth ratio of the jejunum and ileum in the early stage, and significantly lowered (p < 0.05) the crypt depth of the duodenum (in the early and the later stages), jejunum, and ileum (in early stage); memorably (p < 0.05) increased the number of total bacteria and Bacteroidetes in ceca, as well as the number of Lactobacillus in the jejunum (p < 0.05) on the 30th; significantly (p < 0.05) increased the mRNA expression of junction adhesion molecule 2 (JAM2), mucin 2 (MCU2), and occlusal protein (occludin) in the duodenum in the early stage, and increased (p < 0.05) the mRNA expression of JAM2 in the jejunum in the later stage. Collectively, adding catalase (CAT) to the diet of yellow broilers can improve the growth performance and the antioxidant capacity, promoting the integrity of intestinal morphology, optimizing the composition of intestinal microorganisms, and upregulating the mRNA expression of tight junction protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghong Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safe (CICAPS), Changsha, China
| | - Rejun Fang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safe (CICAPS), Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Rejun Fang
| | - Junjing Xue
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safe (CICAPS), Changsha, China
| | - Kaili Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safe (CICAPS), Changsha, China
| | - Yi Lu
- Research and Development Center, Shanghai Menon Biotechnology Co., LTD, Shanghai, China
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F. El-Orab N, H. Abd-Elk O, D. Schwart D. Differential Expression of Hippocampal Genes under Heat Stress. INT J PHARMACOL 2013. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2013.430.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ribas GS, Pires R, Coelho JC, Rodrigues D, Mescka CP, Vanzin CS, Biancini GB, Negretto G, Wayhs CA, Wajner M, Vargas CR. Oxidative stress in Niemann‐Pick type C patients: a protective role of N‐butyl‐deoxynojirimycin therapy. Int J Dev Neurosci 2012; 30:439-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Graziela S. Ribas
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências FarmacêuticasUFRGSIpiranga 2752Porto AlegreRS90610‐000Brazil
- Serviço de Genética MédicaHCPARamiro Barcelos 2350Porto AlegreRS90035‐903Brazil
| | - Ricardo Pires
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Genética e Toxicologia AplicadaULBRAAv. Farroupilha 8001CanoasRS92425‐900Brazil
| | - Janice Carneiro Coelho
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: BioquímicaUFRGSRamiro Barcelos 2600 anexoPorto AlegreRS90035‐003Brazil
| | - Daiane Rodrigues
- Serviço de Genética MédicaHCPARamiro Barcelos 2350Porto AlegreRS90035‐903Brazil
| | - Caroline Paula Mescka
- Serviço de Genética MédicaHCPARamiro Barcelos 2350Porto AlegreRS90035‐903Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: BioquímicaUFRGSRamiro Barcelos 2600 anexoPorto AlegreRS90035‐003Brazil
| | - Camila S. Vanzin
- Serviço de Genética MédicaHCPARamiro Barcelos 2350Porto AlegreRS90035‐903Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: BioquímicaUFRGSRamiro Barcelos 2600 anexoPorto AlegreRS90035‐003Brazil
| | - Giovana B. Biancini
- Serviço de Genética MédicaHCPARamiro Barcelos 2350Porto AlegreRS90035‐903Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: BioquímicaUFRGSRamiro Barcelos 2600 anexoPorto AlegreRS90035‐003Brazil
| | - Giovanna Negretto
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências FarmacêuticasUFRGSIpiranga 2752Porto AlegreRS90610‐000Brazil
- Serviço de Genética MédicaHCPARamiro Barcelos 2350Porto AlegreRS90035‐903Brazil
| | - Carlos A.Y. Wayhs
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências FarmacêuticasUFRGSIpiranga 2752Porto AlegreRS90610‐000Brazil
- Serviço de Genética MédicaHCPARamiro Barcelos 2350Porto AlegreRS90035‐903Brazil
| | - Moacir Wajner
- Serviço de Genética MédicaHCPARamiro Barcelos 2350Porto AlegreRS90035‐903Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: BioquímicaUFRGSRamiro Barcelos 2600 anexoPorto AlegreRS90035‐003Brazil
| | - Carmen R. Vargas
- Serviço de Genética MédicaHCPARamiro Barcelos 2350Porto AlegreRS90035‐903Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: BioquímicaUFRGSRamiro Barcelos 2600 anexoPorto AlegreRS90035‐003Brazil
- Departamento de Análises, Faculdade de FarmáciaUFRGSIpiranga 2752Porto AlegreRS90610‐000Brazil
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Honey supplementation in spontaneously hypertensive rats elicits antihypertensive effect via amelioration of renal oxidative stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2012; 2012:374037. [PMID: 22315654 PMCID: PMC3270456 DOI: 10.1155/2012/374037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 09/05/2011] [Accepted: 09/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is implicated in the pathogenesis and/or maintenance of elevated blood pressure in hypertension. This study investigated the effect of honey on elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). It also evaluated the effect of honey on the amelioration of oxidative stress in the kidney of SHR as a possible mechanism of its antihypertensive effect. SHR and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats were randomly divided into 2 groups and administered distilled water or honey by oral gavage once daily for 12 weeks. The control SHR had significantly higher SBP and renal malondialdehyde (MDA) levels than did control WKY. The mRNA expression levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) were significantly downregulated while total antioxidant status (TAS) and activities of GST and catalase (CAT) were higher in the kidney of control SHR. Honey supplementation significantly reduced SBP and MDA levels in SHR. Honey significantly reduced the activities of GST and CAT while it moderately but insignificantly upregulated the Nrf2 mRNA expression level in the kidney of SHR. These results indicate that Nrf2 expression is impaired in the kidney of SHR. Honey supplementation considerably reduces elevated SBP via amelioration of oxidative stress in the kidney of SHR.
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El-Orabi NF, Rogers CB, Gray Edwards H, Schwartz DD. Heat-induced inhibition of superoxide dismutase and accumulation of reactive oxygen species leads to HT-22 neuronal cell death. J Therm Biol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2010.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Jayakumar T. An extract of the oyster mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus, increases catalase gene expression and reduces protein oxidation during aging in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 8:774-80. [DOI: 10.3736/jcim20100808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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8
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Zhang H, Guo Y, Tian Y, Yuan J. Dietary conjugated linoleic acid improves antioxidant capacity in broiler chicks. Br Poult Sci 2008; 49:213-21. [DOI: 10.1080/00071660801989836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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9
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Schettler V, Kühn W, Kleinoeder T, Armstrong VW, Oellerich M, Müller GA, Wieland E. No acute impact of haemodialysis treatment on free radical scavenging enzyme gene expression in white blood cells. J Intern Med 2003; 253:201-7. [PMID: 12542561 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2796.2003.01088.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Oxidative stress has been implicated in the side-effects caused by haemodialysis (HD) treatment. DESIGN In the present study we have investigated whether gene expression of the enzymatic defence system provided by cellular glutathione peroxidase (GPx-1), phospholipid glutathione peroxidase (GPx-4), glutathione reductase (GSSG-R), glutathione synthethase (GSH-S), Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) and catalase (CAT) is affected by HD. The GPx-1, GPx-4, GSSG-R, GSH-S, SOD-1 and CAT mRNA were determined in white blood cells by quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction with the LightCycler instrument and transcription elongation factor-2 as reference gene at the start (SD) and immediately after (ED) dialysis treatment (n = 36). In a subgroup (n = 10), messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was determined hourly during a 5 h HD. RESULTS The expression of GPx-1, GPx-4, GSSG-R, GSH-S, SOD-1 and CAT mRNA was not affected by a single HD treatment. All mRNAs were significantly (P < 0.05) increased in HD patients [median (16. percentiles (perc.); 84. perc.)]: GPx-1: 2.18 (0.89; 3.23); GPx-4: 0.41 (0.26; 0.74); GSSG-R: 0.04 (0.02; 0.10); GSH-S: 0.04 (0.02; 0.08); SOD-1: 0.32 (0.20; 0.62); CAT: 0.12 (0.06; 0.18) when compared with healthy blood donors (GPx-1: 0.91 (0.60; 1.44); GPx-4: 0.27 (0.16; 0.43); GSSG-R: 0.02 (0.01; 0.02); GSH-S: 0.02 (0.02; 0.04); SOD-1: 0.15 (0.10; 0.18); CAT: 0.07 (0.04; 0.16). CONCLUSIONS These results show that the HD procedure does not acutely affect the antioxidant defence system on the gene level but suggest that the chronic stress caused by uraemia and/or HD may cause gene induction of the enzymatic defence system.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Schettler
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Division of Internal Medicine, Georg-August-University, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, Göttingen, Germany.
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Schettler V, Krontal J, Scheel A, Wieland E. No acute impact of lipid apheresis treatment on free radical scavenging enzyme gene expression in white blood cells. Eur J Clin Invest 2003; 33:134-40. [PMID: 12588287 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2362.2003.01119.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipid apheresis (LA) treatment has been suggested to cause oxidative stress. Defense against oxygen-radical-mediated damage is provided by nonenzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants. In the present investigation we have investigated whether gene expression of free radical scavenging enzymes (FRSE) is affected in leukocytes of patients undergoing LDL-apheresis. MATERIALS AND METHODS For this purpose cellular glutathione peroxidase (GPx-1), phospholipid glutathione peroxidase (GPx-4), glutathione reductase (GSSG-R), glutathione synthetase (GSH-S), Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) and catalase (CAT) mRNA expression were followed at the start (SA) and immediately after (EA) LA treatment (n = 25). Gene expression was determined by quantitative RT-PCR with the LightCycler(R) instrument (Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany) and transcription elongation factor-2 as reference gene. RESULTS The expression of GPx-1, GPx-4, GSSG-R, GSH-S, SOD-1, CAT mRNA was not affected by a single LA treatment. Free radical scavenging enzymes mRNAs were significantly (P < 0.05) increased in the LA patients (GPx-1: 2.00 +/- 1.37; GPx-4: 0.52 +/- 0.46; GSSG-R: 0.07 +/- 0.03; GSH-S: 0.04 +/- 0.03; SOD-1: 1.12 +/- 0.74; CAT: 0.15 +/- 0.07) when compared with 26 healthy blood donors (GPx-1: 1.1 +/- 0.6; GPx-4: 0.35 +/- 0.19; GSSG-R: 0.02 +/- 0.01; GSH-S: 0.03 +/- 0.01; SOD-1: 0.16 +/- 0.08; CAT: 0.09 +/- 0.05; mean +/- SD). CONCLUSIONS These results show that the LA procedure does not acutely affect the antioxidant defense system on the gene level but suggests that the chronic stress resulting from hyperlipidaemia and/or LA may cause FRSE gene induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Schettler
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.
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11
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Iñarrea P. Purification and determination of activity of mitochondrial cyanide-sensitive superoxide dismutase in rat tissue extract. Methods Enzymol 2002; 349:106-14. [PMID: 11912900 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(02)49326-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Iñarrea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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12
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Maggi-Capeyron MF, Cases J, Badia E, Cristol JP, Rouanet JM, Besançon P, Leger CL, Descomps B. A diet high in cholesterol and deficient in vitamin E induces lipid peroxidation but does not enhance antioxidant enzyme expression in rat liver. J Nutr Biochem 2002; 13:296-301. [PMID: 12015160 DOI: 10.1016/s0955-2863(01)00222-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Expression of antioxidant enzymes (AOE), an important mechanism in the protection against oxidative stress, could be modified by the redox status of the cells. The aim of this project was to evaluate the role of vitamin E deficiency in association with a high-cholesterol diet in the hepatic lipid peroxidation and the expression of AOE. Two groups of 6 male rats were fed with a high-cholesterol or a high-cholesterol vitamin E-deficient diet. All animals were sacrificed at 72 days of treatment. Liver lipid peroxidation index (Malondialdehyde; MDA) and hepatic AOE were evaluated. Total liver RNA was extracted, and the steady state messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of glutathion peroxydase, manganese superoxide dismutase, Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase and catalase were examined by northern blot. After 72 days on the diet, a significant increase in the lipid peroxidation index was observed in the vitamin E deficient group (MDA : 4.45 +/- 0.29 nmol/mg protein versus 3.65 +/- 0.1 nmol/mg protein in vitamin E normal group). Despite this oxidative stress, the activities and mRNA levels of liver AOE were not significantly different in the 2 groups. These preliminary results show that chronic vitamin E deficiency associated with high cholesterol diet is able to increase lipid peroxidation without modulation of AOE expression and activity in the liver. This suggests that beneficial effects of dietary vitamin E are due to a plasma antioxidant effect or a cell mediated action, rather than to a specific modulation of cellular enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie France Maggi-Capeyron
- EA nutrition humaine et athérogénèse, Institut Universitaire de Recherche Clinique (IURC), 641 avenue du doyen G Giraud, 34093 5, Montpellier Cedex, France
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Warren GW, van Ess PJ, Watson AM, Mattson MP, Blouin RA. Cytochrome P450 and antioxidant activity in interleukin-6 knockout mice after induction of the acute-phase response. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2001; 21:821-6. [PMID: 11710994 DOI: 10.1089/107999001753238060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) expression and antioxidant activity have been shown to decrease following endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) or proinflammatory cytokine administration. Using mice deficient in interleukin-6 (IL-6), the role of IL-6 in the regulation of hepatic CYP activity, glutathione (GSH) metabolism, and catalase (CAT) activity was analyzed after LPS administration. Administration of LPS produced comparable decreases in hepatic CYP3A activity in WT B6x129 (WT) mice and IL-6 knockout mice. No decrease was observed for CYP2D9 activity after LPS administration in either WT or IL-6 knockout mice. LPS administration significantly increased hepatic and renal CYP2E1 and CYP4A activity in WT mice, with no effect in IL-6 knockout mice. CYP2A12 activity increased in IL-6 knockout, mice with no change in WT mice after LPS administration. LPS administration had no significant effect on hepatic GSH reductase, GST peroxidase, GSH-S-transferase (GST), or total GSH in either WT or IL-6 knockout. However, hepatic CAT activity was significantly reduced in WT mice after LPS administration, with no effect in IL-6 knockout mice. These results support IL-6 as a critical mediator of the effects of LPS on specific hepatic and renal CYP activities and hepatic CAT activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Warren
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0082, USA
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Bauer P, Welbourne T, Shigematsu T, Russell J, Granger DN. Endothelial expression of selectins during endotoxin preconditioning. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2000; 279:R2015-21. [PMID: 11080064 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.2000.279.6.r2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Although bacterial endotoxins [lipopolysaccharide (LPS)] can confer tissue resistance to subsequent inflammatory insults, the mechanisms that underlie this LPS-preconditioning (LPS-PC) response remain poorly defined. The dual-radiolabeled monoclonal antibody technique was used to examine whether LPS-PC alters the upregulation (protein) of E- and P-selectins after subsequent LPS challenge. In the gut of wild-type (C57BL/6J) mice, LPS-PC was associated with a reduction in E- (66%) and P-selectin (33%) expression. A similar reduction in E-selectin expression was observed in mutant mice that were genetically deficient in either the endothelial or inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase or that overexpressed the human gene for Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. Severe combined immunodeficient mice, genetically devoid of lymphocytes, did exhibit partial inhibition of the LPS-PC response. We conclude that 1) LPS-PC can be demonstrated for E- and P-selectins in some vascular beds (e.g., gut), 2) the mechanism(s) underlying this blunted selectin response does not include a major role for either nitric oxide and superoxide, and 3) circulating lymphocytes may contribute to the LPS-PC response.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Bauer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana 71130-3932, USA
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15
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Watson AM, Warren G, Howard G, Shedlofsky SI, Blouin RA. Activities of conjugating and antioxidant enzymes following endotoxin exposure. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2000; 13:63-9. [PMID: 9890190 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0461(1999)13:2<63::aid-jbt1>3.0.co;2-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Endotoxin exposure elicits various responses in mammals including the acute phase response that has been shown to cause changes in the activity of several forms of cytochrome P450s and other enzymes. Therefore, the hepatic conjugating enzyme, glutathione S-transferase (GST), and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UDPGT), the antioxidant enzymes, glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), catalase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as lipid peroxidation were investigated following the administration of endotoxin to male Sprague-Dawley rats (8 mg/kg body weight). Rats were euthanized at various times following endotoxin administration and the livers removed and processed to assess various enzyme activities. Glutathione S-transferase, UDPGT, and GSHPx activity showed statistically significant decreases after 24 hours and remained lower than controls for the duration of the study. Decreases in total SOD and catalase activities were seen at 24, 48, and 72 hours following endotoxin administration; however, only catalase activity showed statistically significant differences between control and treated samples at those time points, and total SOD activity showed a statistically significant decrease at 24 hours. No statistically significant changes were seen in the level of lipid peroxidation in the liver microsomes from endotoxin-treated animals. Changes in the conjugative enzymes and the free-radical scavenging enzymes following endotoxin exposure may alter the host's metabolism and response to free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Watson
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40536-0082, USA
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16
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Dieterich S, Bieligk U, Beulich K, Hasenfuss G, Prestle J. Gene expression of antioxidative enzymes in the human heart: increased expression of catalase in the end-stage failing heart. Circulation 2000; 101:33-9. [PMID: 10618301 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.101.1.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increase in oxidative stress is suggested to be intimately involved in the pathogenesis of heart failure. However, gene expression of enzymes that metabolize reactive oxygen metabolites has not been investigated in the human heart. METHODS AND RESULTS Myocardial tissue homogenates of the left ventricular wall from hearts in end-stage failure due to dilated (DCM) or ischemic (ICM) cardiomyopathy (n=12 each), as well as from nonfailing donor hearts (n=12), were analyzed for mRNA levels of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and catalase by Northern blot analyses. Protein levels of MnSOD, CuZnSOD, and catalase were determined by Western blot or ELISA. MnSOD, CuZnSOD, and GPX mRNA levels were similar in all 3 groups. In contrast, catalase mRNA levels were found to be increased by 123+/-23% in DCM hearts and by 93+/-10% in ICM hearts (P<0.01 each) compared with control hearts. Likewise, catalase protein levels were found to be increased in failing hearts (DCM by 90+/-10%, ICM by 90+/-13%; P<0. 05 each) compared with control hearts. In addition, the observed upregulation of catalase mRNA and protein in failing hearts was attended by an increased catalase enzyme activity (DCM by 124+/-16%, ICM by 117+/-15%; P<0.01 each), whereas MnSOD, CuZnSOD, and GPX enzyme activity levels were unchanged in failing compared with nonfailing myocardium. CONCLUSIONS Increased oxidative stress in human end-stage heart failure may result in a specific upregulation of catalase gene expression as a compensatory mechanism, whereas SOD and GPX gene expression remain unaffected.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dieterich
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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17
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Wang F, Wang LY, Wright D, Parmely MJ. Redox imbalance differentially inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage activation in the mouse liver. Infect Immun 1999; 67:5409-16. [PMID: 10496923 PMCID: PMC96898 DOI: 10.1128/iai.67.10.5409-5416.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Endotoxemia is accompanied by significant changes in the reductive-oxidative (redox) balance of critical target organs. Redox stress has been shown to regulate the expression of proinflammatory genes that are induced by endotoxic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro; however, much less is known about the effects of redox imbalance on LPS-induced gene expression in vivo. To assess the effects of redox stress on inflammatory responses in endotoxemia, mice were treated with either diethyl maleate (DEM), a glutathione-depleting agent, or buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of glutathione synthesis, and challenged with LPS. While serum tumor necrosis alpha (TNF-alpha) responses and the appearance of TNF-alpha-positive Kupffer cells in the liver were virtually eliminated by DEM or BSO treatment, the expression of both CD14 and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) by Kupffer cells was unaffected by glutathione depletion. By contrast, LPS-induced hepatocyte and hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cell iNOS expression was significantly inhibited in DEM-treated mice. Hepatocyte iNOS induced by recombinant mouse TNF-alpha was also inhibited by DEM treatment. These results indicate that the effects of oxidative stress in this organ are cell type specific and suggest that both the production and the action of TNF-alpha are substantially influenced by the redox state of the liver during endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wang
- Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160-7420, USA
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Meng X, Brown JM, Ao L, Rowland RT, Nordeen SK, Banerjee A, Harken AH. Myocardial gene reprogramming associated with a cardiac cross-resistant state induced by LPS preconditioning. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY 1998; 275:C475-83. [PMID: 9688602 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.1998.275.2.c475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) preconditioning induces cardiac resistance to subsequent LPS or ischemia. This study tested the hypothesis that resistance to LPS and resistance to ischemia are two manifestations of cardiac cross-resistance which may involve reprogramming of cardiac gene expression. Rats were preconditioned with a single dose of LPS (0.5 mg/kg ip). Cardiac resistance to LPS was examined with a subsequent LPS challenge. Cardiac resistance to ischemia was determined by subjecting hearts to ischemia-reperfusion. Total RNA was extracted from myocardium for Northern analysis of mRNAs encoding protooncoproteins, antioxidant enzymes, and contractile protein isoforms. Rats preconditioned with LPS 1-7 days earlier acquired cardiac resistance to endotoxemic depression. This resistance temporally correlated with resistance to ischemia. Pretreatment with cycloheximide (0.5 mg/kg ip) abolished resistance to both LPS and ischemia. LPS preconditioning induced the expression of c-jun and c-fos mRNAs. LPS also transiently increased mRNAs encoding catalase and Mn-containing superoxide dismutase. The expression of both alpha- and beta-myosin heavy chain mRNAs was upregulated, whereas the expression of cardiac alpha-actin mRNA was suppressed. We conclude that 1) LPS induces sustained cardiac resistance to both LPS and ischemia, 2) resistance to ischemia and resistance to LPS seem to be two mechanistically indistinct components of cardiac cross-resistance, and 3) the cardiac cross-resistance is associated with reprogramming of myocardial gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Meng
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver, Colorado 80262, USA
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Shou I, Wang LN, Suzuki S, Fukui M, Tomino Y. Effects of antihypertensive drugs on antioxidant enzyme activities and renal function in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am J Med Sci 1997; 314:377-84. [PMID: 9413342 DOI: 10.1097/00000441-199712000-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The reactive oxygen species has been proposed as a key mediator of the progression of renal injury associated with essential hypertension. Among the defense systems operating against the reactive oxygen species, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase are the most important antioxidant enzymes (AOEs). In the present study, systolic blood pressure, renal function (creatinine clearance, urinary albumin, and N-acetyl-beta D-glucosaminidase excretion), renal intrinsic AOE activities, and renal histopathology were determined in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar Kyoto rats. The effects of a 20-week treatment using three antihypertensive drug regimens--captopril, a sulfhydryl-containing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; temocapril, a potent, non-sulfhydryl-containing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor prodrug; and a conventional triple drug combination that includes a vasodilator (hydralazine, hydrochlorothiazide and reserpine)--on renal function, renal tissue, AOE activities, and renal histopathologic abnormalities were evaluated in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats. Renal function and AOE activities were lower in the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats than in the Wistar Kyoto rats. Normalization of systolic blood pressure using the antihypertensive drugs improved renal function and produced a nonuniform alteration in renal AOEs; only glutathione peroxidase activity increased significantly with the use of all three drug regimens. The mild renal histopathologic abnormality in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats was not altered by drug treatment. The improvement in renal function may be related to an increase in glutathione peroxidase activity, but no correlation was seen between renal function changes and alteration in activities of superoxide dismutase or catalase.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Shou
- Department of Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Shou I, Wang LN, Suzuki S, Fukui M, Tomino Y. Effects of Anti hypertensive Drugs on Antioxidant Enzyme Activities and Renal Function in Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. Am J Med Sci 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9629(15)40248-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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