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Characterization of the (Engineered) Branching Sucrase GtfZ-CD2 from Apilactobacillus kunkeei for Efficient Glucosylation of Benzenediol Compounds. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0103122. [PMID: 35924943 PMCID: PMC9397098 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01031-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Branching sucrases, a subfamily of Glycoside Hydrolase family (GH70), display transglycosidase activity using sucrose as donor substrate to catalyze glucosylation reaction in the presence of suitable acceptor substrates. In this study, the (α1→3) branching sucrase GtfZ-CD2 from Apilactobacillus kunkeei DSM 12361 was demonstrated to glucosylate benzenediol compounds (i.e., catechol, resorcinol, and hydroquinone) to form monoglucoside and diglucoside products. The production and yield of catechol glucosylated products were significantly higher than that of resorcinol and hydroquinone, revealing a preference for adjacent aromatic hydroxyl groups in glucosylation. Amino residues around acceptor substrate binding subsite +1 were targeted for semirational mutagenesis, yielding GtfZ-CD2 variants with improved resorcinol and hydroquinone glucosylation. Mutant L1560Y with improved hydroquinone mono-glucosylated product synthesis allowed enzymatic conversion of hydroquinone into α-arbutin. This study thus revealed the high potential of GH70 branching sucrases for glucosylating noncarbohydrate molecules. IMPORTANCE Glycosylation represents one of the most important ways to expand the diversity of natural products and improve their physico-chemical properties. Aromatic polyphenol compounds widely found in plants are reported to exhibit various remarkable biological activities; however, they generally suffer from low solubility and stability, which can be improved by glycosylation. Our present study on the glucosylation of benzenediol compounds by GH70 branching sucrase GtfZ-CD2 and its semirational engineering to improve the glucosylation efficiency provides insight into the mechanism of acceptor substrates binding and its glucosylation selectivity. The results demonstrate the potential of using branching sucrase as an effective enzymatic glucosylation tool.
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Regioselective Enzymatic Synthesis of Kojic Acid Monoesters. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11121430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Kojic acid is a fungal metabolite and one of the strongest tyrosinase inhibitors. Its esters are used as lipid-compatible skin whitening components in cosmetic formulations. In this study, lipase PS, lipase AK, Lipolyve AN and pig pancreatic lipase catalyzed the acetylation of kojic acid under selective formation of the same product, kojic 7-acetate. However, the enzymes differed in their regioselectivity when catalyzing the alcoholysis of kojic acid diacetate. While lipase PS and lipase AK produced mixtures of both monoacetate regioisomers (7-acetate and 5-acetate of kojic acid), the pancreatic lipase almost exclusively produced 5-acetate. The enzyme displayed the same regioselectivity in the palmitoylation of kojic acid and in the alcoholysis of kojic acid dipalmitate. Simple reaction engineering with PPL as a catalyst thus provides the complementary monoesters of kojic acid. Kojic 7-acetate, 5-acetate, 7-palmitate and 5-palmitate were prepared with yields after purification of 57.3%, 38.2%, 31.7% and 31.4%, respectively.
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Saeedi M, Khezri K, Seyed Zakaryaei A, Mohammadamini H. A comprehensive review of the therapeutic potential of α-arbutin. Phytother Res 2021; 35:4136-4154. [PMID: 33724594 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cosmetic dermatology preparations such as bleaching agents are ingredients with skin-related biological activities for increasing and improving skin beauty. The possibility of controlling skin hyperpigmentation disorders is one of the most important research goals in cosmetic preparations. Recently, cosmetics containing herbal and botanical ingredients have attracted many interests for consumers of cosmetic products because these preparations are found safer than other preparations with synthetic components. However, high-quality trial studies in larger samples are needed to confirm safety and clinical efficacy of phytotherapeutic agents with high therapeutic index. Arbutin (p-hydroxyphenyl-β-d-glucopyranoside) is a bioactive hydrophilic polyphenol with two isomers including alpha-arbutin (4-hydroxyphenyl-α-glucopyranoside) and β-arbutin (4-hydroxyphenyl-β-glucopyranoside). It is used as a medicinal plant in phytopharmacy. Studies have shown that alpha-arbutin is 10 times more effective than natural arbutin. A comparison of IC50 values showed that α-arbutin (with concentration 2.0 mM) has a more potent inhibitory activity on human tyrosinase against natural arbutin (with higher concentration than 30 mM). A review of recent studies showed that arbutin could be beneficial in treatment of various diseases such as hyperpigmentation disorders, types of cancers, central nervous system disorders, osteoporosis, diabetes, etc. This study was designed to describe the therapeutic efficiencies of arbutin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Saeedi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Hemoglobinopathy Institute, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Khezri
- Deputy of Food and Drug Administration, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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Zhu X, Tian Y, Zhang W, Zhang T, Guang C, Mu W. Recent progress on biological production of α-arbutin. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 102:8145-8152. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9241-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Antonopoulou I, Varriale S, Topakas E, Rova U, Christakopoulos P, Faraco V. Enzymatic synthesis of bioactive compounds with high potential for cosmeceutical application. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:6519-6543. [PMID: 27276911 PMCID: PMC4939304 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7647-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cosmeceuticals are cosmetic products containing biologically active ingredients purporting to offer a pharmaceutical therapeutic benefit. The active ingredients can be extracted and purified from natural sources (botanicals, herbal extracts, or animals) but can also be obtained biotechnologically by fermentation and cell cultures or by enzymatic synthesis and modification of natural compounds. A cosmeceutical ingredient should possess an attractive property such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, skin whitening, anti-aging, anti-wrinkling, or photoprotective activity, among others. During the past years, there has been an increased interest on the enzymatic synthesis of bioactive esters and glycosides based on (trans)esterification, (trans)glycosylation, or oxidation reactions. Natural bioactive compounds with exceptional theurapeutic properties and low toxicity may offer a new insight into the design and development of potent and beneficial cosmetics. This review gives an overview of the enzymatic modifications which are performed currently for the synthesis of products with attractive properties for the cosmeceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Io Antonopoulou
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Simona Varriale
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Evangelos Topakas
- Biotechnology Laboratory, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15700, Athens, Greece
| | - Ulrika Rova
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Paul Christakopoulos
- Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 97187, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Vincenza Faraco
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
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Lachowicz JI, Nurchi VM, Crisponi G, Pelaez MDGJ, Rescigno A, Stefanowicz P, Cal M, Szewczuk Z. Metal coordination and tyrosinase inhibition studies with Kojic-βAla-Kojic. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 151:36-43. [PMID: 26239546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Kojic acid is a natural antifungal and antibacterial agent that has been extensively studied for its tyrosinase inhibitory and metal coordination properties. Tyrosinase is a metalloenzyme with two copper ions in the active site. It is widely accepted that the tyrosinase inhibitory activity of kojic acid is related to its ability to coordinate metals. Over the past five years, we have used kojic acid to synthesize new and efficient bis-kojic acid chelators of iron and aluminium. In parallel, we investigated whether the de novo designed ligands could interfere with proper tyrosinase functioning. The present study combines our experience with inhibition and coordination studies of the new ligand: Kojic-βAla-Kojic. Research aimed at the assembly of a new potent tyrosinase inhibitor was based on the well-known crystal structure of the enzyme. Two questions were whether two kojic acids could act better than one and to what extent the length and kind of linker could ameliorate metal coordination, and inhibitory activity. Our results show that Kojic-βAla-Kojic has high affinity for Fe(III), Al(III), Zn(II), and Cu(II) and strong tyrosinase inhibitory effect and it can be proposed for use in industrial and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Izabela Lachowicz
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy.
| | - Valeria Marina Nurchi
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy
| | - Guido Crisponi
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Rescigno
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria, Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy
| | - Piotr Stefanowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Marta Cal
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Szewczuk
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wroclaw, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
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Mathew S, Adlercreutz P. Regioselective glycosylation of hydroquinone to α-arbutin by cyclodextrin glucanotransferase from Thermoanaerobacter sp. Biochem Eng J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kwak SY, Choi HR, Park KC, Lee YS. Kojic acid-amino acid amide metal complexes and their melanogenesis inhibitory activities. J Pept Sci 2011; 17:791-7. [DOI: 10.1002/psc.1404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Revised: 06/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Yeong Kwak
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Seoul National University; Seoul; 151-744; Korea
| | - Hye-Ryung Choi
- Department of Dermatology; Seoul National University Bundang Hospital; Gyeonggi-Do; 463-707; Korea
| | - Kyoung-Chan Park
- Department of Dermatology; Seoul National University Bundang Hospital; Gyeonggi-Do; 463-707; Korea
| | - Yoon-Sik Lee
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Seoul National University; Seoul; 151-744; Korea
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Noh JM, Kwak SY, Seo HS, Seo JH, Kim BG, Lee YS. Kojic acid–amino acid conjugates as tyrosinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:5586-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2009] [Revised: 08/10/2009] [Accepted: 08/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Noguchi A, Inohara-Ochiai M, Ishibashi N, Fukami H, Nakayama T, Nakao M. A Novel Glucosylation Enzyme: Molecular Cloning, Expression, and Characterization of Trichoderma viride JCM22452 α-Amylase and Enzymatic Synthesis of Some Flavonoid Monoglucosides and Oligoglucosides. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:12016-24. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1021/jf801712g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Akio Noguchi
- Institute for Advanced Core Technology, Suntory Ltd., 1-1-1 Wakayamadai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8503, Japan; Department of Bioenvironmental Science, Kyoto Gakuen University, Najo-ohtani 1-1, Sokabe-cho, Kameoka, Kyoto 621-8555, Japan; and Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-yama 6-6-11, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Misa Inohara-Ochiai
- Institute for Advanced Core Technology, Suntory Ltd., 1-1-1 Wakayamadai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8503, Japan; Department of Bioenvironmental Science, Kyoto Gakuen University, Najo-ohtani 1-1, Sokabe-cho, Kameoka, Kyoto 621-8555, Japan; and Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-yama 6-6-11, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Noriko Ishibashi
- Institute for Advanced Core Technology, Suntory Ltd., 1-1-1 Wakayamadai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8503, Japan; Department of Bioenvironmental Science, Kyoto Gakuen University, Najo-ohtani 1-1, Sokabe-cho, Kameoka, Kyoto 621-8555, Japan; and Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-yama 6-6-11, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Harukazu Fukami
- Institute for Advanced Core Technology, Suntory Ltd., 1-1-1 Wakayamadai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8503, Japan; Department of Bioenvironmental Science, Kyoto Gakuen University, Najo-ohtani 1-1, Sokabe-cho, Kameoka, Kyoto 621-8555, Japan; and Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-yama 6-6-11, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Toru Nakayama
- Institute for Advanced Core Technology, Suntory Ltd., 1-1-1 Wakayamadai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8503, Japan; Department of Bioenvironmental Science, Kyoto Gakuen University, Najo-ohtani 1-1, Sokabe-cho, Kameoka, Kyoto 621-8555, Japan; and Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-yama 6-6-11, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakao
- Institute for Advanced Core Technology, Suntory Ltd., 1-1-1 Wakayamadai, Shimamoto-cho, Mishima-gun, Osaka 618-8503, Japan; Department of Bioenvironmental Science, Kyoto Gakuen University, Najo-ohtani 1-1, Sokabe-cho, Kameoka, Kyoto 621-8555, Japan; and Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba-yama 6-6-11, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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Sugimoto K, Nomura K, Nishiura H, Ohdan K, Kamasaka H, Nishimura T, Hayashi H, Kuriki T. Novel Transglucosylating Reaction of Sucrose Phosphorylase to Carboxylic Compounds. J Appl Glycosci (1999) 2008. [DOI: 10.5458/jag.55.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Sugimoto K, Nomura K, Nishiura H, Ohdan K, Ohdan K, Hayashi H, Kuriki T. Novel transglucosylating reaction of sucrose phosphorylase to carboxylic compounds such as benzoic acid. J Biosci Bioeng 2007; 104:22-9. [PMID: 17697979 DOI: 10.1263/jbb.104.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2007] [Accepted: 04/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We examined the synthesis of benzoyl glucoside using the transglucosylation reaction of sucrose phosphorylase. Sucrose phosphorylase from Streptococcus mutans showed marked transglucosylating activity, particularly under acidic conditions. On the other hand, sucrose phosphorylase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides showed very weak transglucosylating activity. Three main products were detected from the reaction mixture using benzoic acid as an acceptor molecule and sucrose as a donor molecule. These compounds were identified as 1-O-benzoyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside, 2-O-benzoyl alpha-D-glucopyranose and 2-O-benzoyl beta-D-glucopyranose on the basis of their isolation and the isolation of their acetylated products and subsequent analysis using 1D- and 2D-NMR analyses. From the results of the time-course analyses of the enzyme reaction and the degradation of 1-O-benzoyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside, 1-O-benzoyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside was considered to be initially produced by the transglucosylation reaction of the enzyme, and 2-O-benzoyl alpha-D-glucopyranose and 2-O-benzoyl beta-D-glucopyranose were produced from 1-O-benzoyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside by intramolecular acyl migration reaction. The acceptor specificity in the glucosylation reaction of S. mutans sucrose phosphorylase was also investigated. This sucrose phosphorylase could transglucosylate toward various carboxylic compounds. Short-chain fatty acids, hydroxy acids and dicarboxylic acids were also glucosylated with this sucrose phosphorylase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Sugimoto
- Biochemical Research Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co Ltd, 4-6-5 Utajima, Osaka, Japan.
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Sugimoto K, Nishimura T, Kuriki T. Development of .ALPHA.-Arbutin: Production at Industrial Scale and Application for a Skin-Lightening Cosmetic Ingredient. TRENDS GLYCOSCI GLYC 2007. [DOI: 10.4052/tigg.19.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Regioselective formation of kojic acid-7-o-alpha-d-glucopyranoside by whole cells of mutated Xanthomonas campestris. Enzyme Microb Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2006.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
Twenty two kojic acid-tripeptide amides were prepared using a solid-phase Fmoc/tBu strategy with Rink Amide SURE(R) resin. To effectively obtain kojic acid-tripeptide amide conjugates, the coupling conditions of kojic acid to the tripeptide on the resin were optimized. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity of kojic acid-tripeptide amides and the effect of the amino acid sequence on the activity were compared with those of kojic acid-tripeptide acids. The stability of kojic acid-tripeptide amides were then compared with those of kojic acid and kojic acid-tripeptides acids. As a consequence, kojic acid-FWY-NH(2) proved to be the best compound, with the highest inhibitory activity, which was maintained over different storage times under various temperatures and pHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Mi Noh
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Tam LT, Eymann C, Albrecht D, Sietmann R, Schauer F, Hecker M, Antelmann H. Differential gene expression in response to phenol and catechol reveals different metabolic activities for the degradation of aromatic compounds in Bacillus subtilis. Environ Microbiol 2006; 8:1408-27. [PMID: 16872404 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2006.01034.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aromatic organic compounds that are present in the environment can have toxic effects or provide carbon sources for bacteria. We report here the global response of Bacillus subtilis 168 to phenol and catechol using proteome and transcriptome analyses. Phenol induced the HrcA, sigmaB and CtsR heat-shock regulons as well as the Spx disulfide stress regulon. Catechol caused the activation of the HrcA and CtsR heat-shock regulons and a thiol-specific oxidative stress response involving the Spx, PerR and FurR regulons but no induction of the sigmaB regulon. The most surprising result was that several catabolite-controlled genes are derepressed by catechol, even if glucose is taken up under these conditions. This derepression of the carbon catabolite control was dependent on the glucose concentration in the medium, as glucose excess increased the derepression of the CcpA-dependent lichenin utilization licBCAH operon and the ribose metabolism rbsRKDACB operon by catechol. Growth and viability experiments with catechol as sole carbon source suggested that B. subtilis is not able to utilize catechol as a carbon-energy source. In addition, the microarray results revealed the very strong induction of the yfiDE operon by catechol of which the yfiE gene shares similarities to glyoxalases/bleomycin resistance proteins/extradiol dioxygenases. Using recombinant His6-YfiE(Bs) we demonstrate that YfiE shows catechol-2,3-dioxygenase activity in the presence of catechol as the metabolite 2-hydroxymuconic semialdehyde was measured. Furthermore, both genes of the yfiDE operon are essential for the growth and viability of B. subtilis in the presence of catechol. Thus, our studies revealed that the catechol-2,3-dioxygenase YfiE is the key enzyme of a meta cleavage pathway in B. subtilis involved in the catabolism of catechol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Thi Tam
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, F.-L.-Jahn-Strasse 15, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany
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Kobayashi T, Adachi S, Nakanishi K, Matsuno R. Semi-continuous production of lauroyl kojic acid through lipase-catalyzed condensation in acetonitrile. Biochem Eng J 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1369-703x(01)00129-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Ohdan K, Kuriki T, Takata H, Kaneko H, Okada S. Introduction of raw starch-binding domains into Bacillus subtilis alpha-amylase by fusion with the starch-binding domain of Bacillus cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase. Appl Environ Microbiol 2000; 66:3058-64. [PMID: 10877806 PMCID: PMC92111 DOI: 10.1128/aem.66.7.3058-3064.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We constructed two types of chimeric enzymes, Ch1 Amy and Ch2 Amy. Ch1 Amy consisted of a catalytic domain of Bacillus subtilis X-23 alpha-amylase (Ba-S) and the raw starch-binding domain (domain E) of Bacillus A2-5a cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase (A2-5a CGT). Ch2 Amy consisted of Ba-S and D (function unknown) plus E domains of A2-5a CGT. Ch1 Amy acquired raw starch-binding and -digesting abilities which were not present in the catalytic part (Ba-S). Furthermore, the specific activity of Ch1 Amy was almost identical when enzyme activity was evaluated on a molar basis. Although Ch2 Amy exhibited even higher raw starch-binding and -digesting abilities than Ch1 Amy, the specific activity was lower than that of Ba-S. We did not detect any differences in other enzymatic characteristics (amylolytic pattern, transglycosylation ability, effects of pH, and temperature on stability and activity) among Ba-S, Ch1 Amy, and Ch2 Amy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ohdan
- Biochemical Research Laboratory, Ezaki Glico Co., Ltd., Utajima 4-6-5, Nishiyodogawa-ku, Osaka 555-8502, Japan
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Sato T, Nakagawa H, Kurosu J, Yoshida K, Tsugane T, Shimura S, Kirimura K, Kino K, Usami S. α-Anomer-selective glucosylation of (+)-catechin by the crude enzyme, showing glucosyl transfer activity, of Xanthomonas campestris WU-9701. J Biosci Bioeng 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(00)90007-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Nakagawa H, Dobashi Y, Sato T, Yoshida K, Tsugane T, Shimura S, Kirimura K, Kino K, Usami S. α-Anomer-selective glucosylation of menthol with high yield through a crystal accumulation reaction using lyophilized cells of Xanthomonas campestris WU-9701. J Biosci Bioeng 2000; 89:138-44. [PMID: 16232716 DOI: 10.1016/s1389-1723(00)88727-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/1999] [Accepted: 10/28/1999] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
L-Menthyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside (alpha-MenG) is a desirable derivative of L-menthol with useful properties for the production of new flavors and novel food additives. Bacteria were screened for alpha-anomer-selective glucosylation activity toward l-menthol, resulting in the isolation of two strains, Xanthomonas campestris WU-9701 and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia WU-9702, from independent soil samples. Since the safety of X. campestris for use in the food industry is well established, WU-9701 was selected as the more suitable strain for further study. When 50 mg X. campestris WU-9701 lyophilized cells as a biocatalyst were incubated with 1.0 M maltose and 100 mg L-menthol in 10 ml of 10 mM H3BO3NaOHKCl buffer (pH 8.0) at 40 degrees C, alpha-MenG was accumulated, mainly in a crystalline form, through the anomer-selective synthesis reaction without any by-product formation. Under the optimal conditions, 202 mg alpha-MenG was obtained over 48 h with a highest conversion yield of 99.1% based on the supplied L-menthol. Crude alpha-MenG formed through this "crystal accumulation reaction" was easily collected from the reaction mixture by separation on filter paper. Plank-like crystals of purified alpha-MenG were subsequently obtained by recrystallization in ethyl acetate solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nakagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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Meulenbeld GH, Zuilhof H, van Veldhuizen A, van den Heuvel RH, Hartmans S. Enhanced (+)-catechin transglucosylating activity of Streptococcus mutans GS-5 glucosyltransferase-D due to fructose removal. Appl Environ Microbiol 1999; 65:4141-7. [PMID: 10473427 PMCID: PMC99752 DOI: 10.1128/aem.65.9.4141-4147.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The (+)-catechin transglucosylating activities of several glucosyltransferases (GTFs) from the genus Streptococcus were compared. For this purpose, a mixture of four GTFs from Streptococcus sobrinus SL-1 and recombinant GTF-B and GTF-D from Streptococcus mutans GS-5 expressed in Escherichia coli were studied. It was shown that after removal of alpha-glucosidase activity, GTF-D transglucosylated catechin with the highest efficiency. A maximal yield (expressed as the ratio of moles of glucoside formed to moles of catechin initially added) of 90% was observed with 10 mM catechin and 100 mM sucrose (K(m), 13 mM) in 125 mM potassium phosphate, pH 6.0, at 37 degrees C. (1)H and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed the structures of two catechin glucosides, (+)-catechin-4'-O-alpha-D-glucopyranoside and (+)-catechin-4',7-O-alpha-di-D-glucopyranoside. Fructose accumulation during glucosyl transfer from sucrose to the acceptor competitively inhibited catechin transglucosylation (K(i), 9.3 mM), whereas glucose did not inhibit catechin transglucosylation. The addition of yeasts was studied in order to minimize fructose inhibition by means of fructose removal. For this purpose, the yeasts Pichia pastoris and the mutant Saccharomyces cerevisiae T2-3D were selected because of their inabilities to utilize sucrose. Addition of P. pastoris or S. cerevisiae T2-3D to the standard reaction mixture resulted in a twofold increase in the duration of the maximum GTF-D transglucosylation rate. The addition of the yeasts also stimulated sucrose utilization by GTF-D.
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Affiliation(s)
- G H Meulenbeld
- Division of Industrial Microbiology, Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Sciences, Wageningen University, 6700 EV Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Marchal LM, Goetheer E, Schimmelpennink EB, Bergsma J, Beeftink HH, Tramper J. Effect of temperature on the saccharide composition obtained after alpha-amylolysis of starch. Biotechnol Bioeng 1999; 63:344-55. [PMID: 10099614 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0290(19990505)63:3<344::aid-bit11>3.0.co;2-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The hydrolysis of starch to low-molecular-weight products (normally characterised by their dextrose equivalent (DE), which is directly related to the number-average molecular mass) was studied at different temperatures. Amylopectin potato starch, lacking amylose, was selected because of its low tendency towards retrogradation at lower temperatures. Bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase was added to 10% [w/w] gelatinised starch solutions. The hydrolysis experiments were done at 50, 70, and 90 degrees C. Samples were taken at defined DE values and these were analysed with respect to their saccharide composition. At the same DE the oligosaccharide composition depended on the hydrolysis temperature. This implies that at the same net number of bonds hydrolysed by the enzyme, the saccharide composition was different. The hydrolysis temperature also influenced the initial overall molecular-weight distribution. Higher temperatures led to a more homogenous molecular weight distribution. Similar effects were observed for alpha-amylases from other microbial sources such as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus stearothermophilus. Varying the pH (5.1, 6.2, and 7.6) at 70 degrees C did not significantly influence the saccharide composition obtained during B. licheniformis alpha-amylase hydrolysis. The underlying mechanisms for B. licheniformis alpha-amylase were studied using pure linear oligosaccharides, ranging from maltotriose to maltoheptaose as substrates. Activation energies for the hydrolysis of individual oligosaccharides were calculated from Arrhenius plots at 60, 70, 80, and 90 degrees C. Oligosaccharides with a degree of polymerisation exceeding that of the substrate could be detected. The contribution of these oligosaccharides increased as the degree of polymerisation of the substrate decreased and the temperature of hydrolysis increased. The product specificity decreased with increasing temperature of hydrolysis, which led to a more equal distribution between the possible products formed. Calculations with the subsite map as determined for the closely related alpha-amylase from B. amyloliquefaciens reconfirmed this finding of a decreased substrate specificity with increased temperature of hydrolysis. Copyright 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- LM Marchal
- Food and Bioprocess Engineering Group, Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Sciences, Wageningen Agricultural University, Bomenweg 2, 6703 HD Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Nakagawa H, Yoshiyama M, Shimura S, Kirimura K, Usami S. Anomer-selective glucosylation of l-menthol by yeast alpha-glucosidase. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 1998; 62:1332-6. [PMID: 9720215 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.62.1332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
l-Menthol was glucosylated by the alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20) of Saccharomyces cerevisiae using maltose as the glucosyl donor. When 50 mg of l-menthol and 1.6 M maltose in 10 mM citrate-phosphate buffer (pH 5.5) were incubated at 45 degrees C, l-menthyl alpha-D-glucopyranoside (alpha-MenG) was alpha-anomer-selectively formed as a product. The specificity of the alpha-linkage was confirmed by 13C-NMR analysis. In the reaction mixture after 2 h, alpha-MenG was mainly accumulated in a crystalline form and the concentration of dissolved alpha-MenG was constant at 1.4 mM. The molar conversion yield of alpha-MenG produced based on the supplied l-menthol was maximally 30.7% at 48 h of reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nakagawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
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Repeated utilization of β-glucosidase immobilized on a reversibly soluble-insoluble polymer for hydrolysis of phloridzin as a model reaction producing a water-insoluble product. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0922-338x(96)88816-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Nishimura T, Kometani T, Takii H, Terada Y, Okada S. Glucosylation of caffeic acid with Bacillus subtilis X-23 α-amylase and a description of the glucosides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0922-338x(95)98170-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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