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Hwang J, Thompson A, Jaros J, Blackcloud P, Hsiao J, Shi VY. Updated understanding of Staphylococcus aureus in atopic dermatitis: From virulence factors to commensals and clonal complexes. Exp Dermatol 2021; 30:1532-1545. [PMID: 34293242 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common inflammatory dermatosis that has multiple contributing factors including genetic, immunologic and environmental. Staphylococcus aureus (SA) has long been associated with exacerbation of AD. SA produces many virulence factors that interact with the human skin and immune system. These superantigens and toxins have been shown to contribute to adhesion, inflammation and skin barrier destruction. Recent advances in genome sequencing techniques have led to a broadened understanding of the multiple ways SA interacts with the cutaneous environment in AD hosts. For example, temporal shifts in the microbiome, specifically in clonal complexes of SA, have been identified during AD flares and remission. Herein, we review mechanisms of interaction between the cutaneous microbiome and SA and highlight known differences in SA clonal complexes that contribute to AD pathogenesis. Detailed knowledge of the genetic strains of SA and cutaneous dysbiosis is becoming increasingly relevant in paving the way for microbiome-modulating and precision therapies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonwei Hwang
- University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Alyssa Thompson
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Joanna Jaros
- John H. Stroger Hospital Cook County Health Dermatology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Paul Blackcloud
- Division of Dermatology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jennifer Hsiao
- Division of Dermatology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Vivian Y Shi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
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Kim JH, Lee SY, Kang MJ, Yoon J, Jung S, Cho HJ, Kim HB, Hong SJ. Association of Genetic Polymorphisms with Atopic Dermatitis, Clinical Severity and Total IgE: A Replication and Extended Study. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2018; 10:397-405. [PMID: 29949836 PMCID: PMC6021591 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2018.10.4.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common and chronic inflammatory skin disease affecting up to 20% of children and 3% of adults worldwide. Although previous reports including genome-wide association study (GWAS) approaches have identified several risk factors that appear to be associated with AD development, replication studies are lacking. In our current study, we replicated the associations between candidate susceptibility loci and AD. Methods A total of 885 Korean subjects (425 AD patients and 460 unaffected controls) were genotyped for 17 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from previous GWASs and meta-analyses of AD and from immune-related genes. Results Several SNPs showed significant associations with AD in the case-control analysis (minimum P=0.005 at rs17389644), suggesting that these polymorphisms may be related to this disease. In addition, several SNPs showed significant signals (minimum P=0.004 at rs6473227) in severe AD compared to unaffected controls. In additional linear regression analysis, a few genotypes appeared to have potential effects on the SCORing AD (SCORAD) values (minimum P=0.003 at rs13361382 on TMEM232) and immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels (minimum P<0.0001 at rs4713555 near HLA-DRB1 and HLA-DQA1) in AD patients. Conclusions Our replication and extended study provide additional supporting information on the genetic associations (especially, variants in TMEM232 and nearby to IL21 and HLA-DRB1/HLA-DQA1) related to AD, its clinical severity and IgE involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Hyun Kim
- Department of Medicine, University of Ulsan Collage of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Yeon Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Environmental Health Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan Collage of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Jin Kang
- Asan Institute for Life Sciences, University of Ulsan Collage of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jisun Yoon
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Environmental Health Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan Collage of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungsu Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Environmental Health Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan Collage of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Mediplex Sejong Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hyo Bin Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Jong Hong
- Department of Pediatrics, Childhood Asthma Atopy Center, Environmental Health Center, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan Collage of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Lee N, Shin JU, Jin S, Yun KN, Kim JY, Park CO, Kim SH, Noh JY, Lee KH. Upregulation of CD47 in Regulatory T Cells in Atopic Dermatitis. Yonsei Med J 2016; 57:1435-45. [PMID: 27593872 PMCID: PMC5011276 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2016.57.6.1435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Regulatory T (Treg) cells are key modulators in the immune system. Recent studies have shown that atopic dermatitis (AD) patients have higher numbers of Treg cells; however, little is known about the specific phenotype and function of Treg cells in AD. MATERIALS AND METHODS To identify differentially expressed proteins in peripheral induced Treg cells in AD and naturally derived Treg cells in normal controls, CD4⁺CD25⁺ Treg cells were isolated from thymus tissue of normal mice and the spleens of AD mice. Membrane proteins were extracted, and quantitative proteomics labeling with Tandem Mass Tags (TMT) was performed, followed by one-dimensional liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry analysis. RESULTS Using TMT labeling, we identified 510 proteins, including 63 membrane proteins and 16 plasma membrane proteins. CD47 was one of the upregulated proteins in Treg cells in AD spleens. Although CD47 was expressed in all CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells, a significantly higher expression of CD47 was observed in the Treg cells of AD mice and AD patients than in those of normal mice and healthy controls. Furthermore, Treg cells from the spleen showed a significantly higher expression of CD47 than those from the thymus. CONCLUSION We found that CD47 is highly expressed in the Treg cells of AD mice, particularly in the spleen. Based on our results, we propose that CD47(high) Treg cells are likely induced Treg cells and that upregulated CD47 in the Treg cells of AD patients may play a role in the increased population of Treg cells in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nara Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung U Shin
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Shan Jin
- Department of Dermatology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Ki Na Yun
- Biomedical Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Biomedical Group, Korea Basic Science Institute, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Chang Ook Park
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seo Hyeong Kim
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Noh
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Hoon Lee
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Kwon TR, Oh CT, Choi EJ, Kim SR, Jang YJ, Ko EJ, Suh D, Yoo KH, Kim BJ. Ultraviolet light-emitting-diode irradiation inhibits TNF-α and IFN-γ-induced expression of ICAM-1 and STAT1 phosphorylation in human keratinocytes. Lasers Surg Med 2015; 47:824-32. [PMID: 26413796 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs) are a novel light source for phototherapy. This research investigated the in vitro safety and efficacy of UV-LEDs as a phototherapeutic device for atopic dermatitis (AD). STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Human keratinocytes and fibroblasts were irradiated by UV-LEDs with a center wavelength of 310 and 340 nm. We examined the effects of UV-LED irradiation on the suppression of TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced activation of STAT1 and ICAM-1 and on NF-κB expression; we used the following methods: cell viability assay, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Western blotting, and immunocytochemistry. RESULTS We observed anti-inflammatory responses through the suppression of TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced expression of TARC and MCP-1/CCL2, IL-1beta, IL-6, and sICAM-1 via blockage of ICAM-1 activation and subsequent activation of STAT1 and NF-κB. The results suggested that UV-LED irradiation inhibited ICAM expression by suppressing TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced NF-κB activation in vitro. CONCLUSION We concluded that novel UV-LED (310 and 340 nm) modalities were effective for the treatment of AD and may be promising for the treatment of inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Rin Kwon
- Department of Medicine, Graduate, School, Chung-Ang, University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang, University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Taek Oh
- Department of Medicine, Graduate, School, Chung-Ang, University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang, University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Ja Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang, University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soon Re Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang, University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Jang
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang, University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Jung Ko
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang, University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Daewoong Suh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Ho Yoo
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University, International St.Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Medicine, Graduate, School, Chung-Ang, University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang, University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Yang F, Tanaka M, Wataya-Kaneda M, Yang L, Nakamura A, Matsumoto S, Attia M, Murota H, Katayama I. Topical application of rapamycin ointment ameliorates Dermatophagoides farina body extract-induced atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. Exp Dermatol 2014; 23:568-72. [PMID: 24903639 DOI: 10.1111/exd.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by relapsing eczema and intense prurigo, requires effective and safe pharmacological therapy. Recently, rapamycin, an mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) inhibitor, has been reported to play a critical role in immune responses and has emerged as an effective immunosuppressive drug. In this study, we assessed whether inhibition of mTOR signalling could suppress dermatitis in mice. Rapamycin was topically applied to inflamed skin in a murine AD model that was developed by repeated topical application of Dermatophagoides farina body (Dfb) extract antigen twice weekly for 7 weeks in NC/Nga mice. The efficacy of topical rapamycin treatment was evaluated immunologically and serologically. Topical application of rapamycin reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in the dermis, alleviated the increase of serum IgE levels and resulted in a significant reduction in clinical skin condition score and marked improvement of histological findings. In addition, increased mTOR phosphorylation in the lesional skin was observed in our murine AD model. Topical application of rapamycin ointment inhibited Dfb antigen-induced dermatitis in NC/Nga mice, promising a new therapy for atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Course of Integrated Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Chiba T, Takeuchi S, Esaki H, Yamamura K, Kurihara Y, Moroi Y, Furue M. Topical application of PPARα (but not β/δ or γ) suppresses atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice. Allergy 2012; 67:936-42. [PMID: 22583373 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2012.02844.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear receptors, which regulate not only adipogenesis and proliferation/differentiation but also the immune response of cells. Because topical application of the activators of some PPAR isoforms improved clinical symptoms in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), we investigated the role of PPAR activators using a murine AD model in NC/Nga mice; to the best of our knowledge, this has not been previously reported. METHODS Activators of three PPAR isoforms (α, β/δ, γ) were topically applied on inflamed skin in a murine AD model that was developed by repeated topical application of mite antigen in NC/Nga mice. The efficacy of each topical PPAR activator was evaluated immunologically and serologically. RESULTS Topical application of the PPARα activator, but not of the activators of PPARβ/δ or PPARγ, improved clinical dermatitis, reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in the dermis, and alleviated the elevation of serum IgE levels. In addition, PPARα expression was downregulated in the epidermis in our murine AD model, as is seen in patients with AD. CONCLUSIONS Topical application of PPARα activator could be a potent therapeutic agent for patients with AD and could take the place of topical steroid treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Chiba
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine; Kyushu University; Fukuoka; Japan
| | - S. Takeuchi
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine; Kyushu University; Fukuoka; Japan
| | - H. Esaki
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine; Kyushu University; Fukuoka; Japan
| | - K. Yamamura
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine; Kyushu University; Fukuoka; Japan
| | - Y. Kurihara
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine; Kyushu University; Fukuoka; Japan
| | - Y. Moroi
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine; Kyushu University; Fukuoka; Japan
| | - M. Furue
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine; Kyushu University; Fukuoka; Japan
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Kim CH, Park CD, Lee AY. Administration of poly(I:C) improved dermatophagoides farinae-induced atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice by the regulation of Th1/Th2 balance. Vaccine 2011; 30:2405-10. [PMID: 22119586 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 11/11/2011] [Accepted: 11/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by a chronic and replapsing skin disease with Th2-dominant allergic inflammation. Poly(I:C) has been shown to have immunopotentiator properties, but its effect on AD has not been examined. In this study, the immunomodulatory effects of poly(I:C), using dermatophagoides farinae (Df)-induced AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice, were investigated. The clinical scores were reduced significantly by the treatment with poly(I:C) at 25 and 50 μg/mouse. Histological analysis of the skin also revealed that treatment of poly(I:C) at 25 and 50 μg/mouse significantly reduced the inflammatory cellular infiltrate, including mast cells and eosinophils. Moreover, poly(I:C) increased the level of IFN-γ, a Th1 cytokine, whereas decreasing that of selective Th2 cytokine both in vivo and in vitro. The levels of serum IgE and Th2 chemokines such as eotaxin, TARC, in spleen cells were also reduced by poly(I:C). These results suggest that poly(I:C) inhibit the development of Df-induced AD-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice through regulation of the Th1/Th2 balance. Therefore, our results indicate that poly(I:C) might be a useful immunomodulatory agent for the treatment of human AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Hyun Kim
- Dongguk University Research Institute of Biotechnology, Medical Science Research Center, Goyang 410-773, South Korea
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8
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Hayashida S, Uchi H, Moroi Y, Furue M. Decrease in circulating Th17 cells correlates with increased levels of CCL17, IgE and eosinophils in atopic dermatitis. J Dermatol Sci 2011; 61:180-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2010.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Revised: 09/16/2010] [Accepted: 10/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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9
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Hattori K, Nishikawa M, Watcharanurak K, Ikoma A, Kabashima K, Toyota H, Takahashi Y, Takahashi R, Watanabe Y, Takakura Y. Sustained exogenous expression of therapeutic levels of IFN-gamma ameliorates atopic dermatitis in NC/Nga mice via Th1 polarization. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 184:2729-35. [PMID: 20107184 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0900215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The short in vivo half-life of IFN-gamma can prevent the cytokine from inducing immunological changes that are favorable for the treatment of Th2-dominant diseases, such as atopic dermatitis. To examine whether a sustained supply of IFN-gamma is effective in regulating the balance of Th lymphocyte subpopulations, plasmid vector encoding mouse IFN-gamma, pCpG-Mugamma, or pCMV-Mugamma was injected into the tail vein of NC/Nga mice, a model for human atopic dermatitis. A single hydrodynamic injection of a CpG motif reduced pCpG-Mugamma at a dose of 0.14 microg/mouse resulted in a sustained concentration of IFN-gamma in the serum, and the concentration was maintained at >300 pg/ml over 80 d. The pCpG-Mugamma-mediated IFN-gamma gene transfer was associated with an increase in the serum concentration of IL-12, reduced production of IgE, and inhibition of mRNA expression of IL-4, -5, -10, -13, and -17 and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine in the spleen. These immunological changes were not clearly observed in mice receiving two injections of 20 microg pCMV-Mugamma, a CpG-replete plasmid DNA, because of the transient nature of the expression from the vector. The mice receiving pCpG-Mugamma showed a significant reduction in the severity of skin lesions and in the intensity of their scratching behavior. Furthermore, high transepidermal water loss, epidermal thickening, and infiltration of lymphocytes and eosinophils, all of which were obvious in the untreated mice, were significantly inhibited. These results indicate that an extraordinary sustained IFN-gamma expression induces favorable immunological changes, leading to a Th1-dominant state in the atopic dermatitis model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayoko Hattori
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Kyotanabe, Kyoto, Japan
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Ashenagar MS, Sugihara K, Maeda A, Isogai R, Takahashi M, Aisu K, Horiuchi A, Aragane Y, Kawada A, Tezuka T. The presence of tryptase-positive and bikunin-negative mast cells in psoriatic skin lesions. Arch Dermatol Res 2006; 298:421-6. [PMID: 17146627 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-006-0704-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2005] [Revised: 08/10/2006] [Accepted: 08/31/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Human mast cells are well known to produce a serine protease, tryptase, which appears to play a pathogenic role in various skin inflammations. It was previously reported that a rat homologue of bikunin may inhibit tryptase activity. Various type of cells (i.e. keratinocytes) are able to produce this protein inhibitor, it still remains unclear if bikunin is present in dermal inflammatory milieu, in which mast cells, through secretion of tryptase, play an inflammatory role. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to exploit expression and production of bikunin in dermis and dermal constituents. We first compared the dermal mast cells in psoriatic lesions with those in lesional skin of atopic dermatitis or of chronic eczema by use of immunoelectron microscopy and immunohistochemical analyses using antibodies to bikunin and tryptase. Then, we tested what kinds of cytokines may regulate the de novo synthesis of bikunin. To do so, RNA was extracted from a human mastocytic cell line, HMC-1, reverse-transcribed, and semiquantitative RT-PCR was performed using primers specific for bikunin. With immunoelectron microscopy, bikunin was found to localize on the cell membrane, while tryptase was in the secretary granules of the mast cells. In psoriatic lesions, around 70% of dermal mast cells were positive for both tryptase and bikunin, and the remaining was mostly positive for tryptase, but the expression of bikunin was under the detection limit of the experimental setting. This observation was seen in only psoriatic lesions, even in almost cured lesions, while in atopic dermatitis or chronic eczema only mast cells doubly positive for bikunin and tryptase were seen. In HMC-1, bikunin was constitutively expressed at an mRNA level, which was upregulated by stimulation with interleukine-4, but was suppressed by interferon-gamma. Bearing in mind the concept that in psoriasis local cytokine milieu is shifted toward a Th1 pattern (predominant secretion of interferon-gamma), tryptase-positive, bikunin-negative mast cells may be induced.
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Yamasaki K, Hanakawa Y, Tokumaru S, Shirakata Y, Sayama K, Hanada T, Yoshimura A, Hashimoto K. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1/JAB and suppressor of cytokine signaling 3/cytokine-inducible SH2 containing protein 3 negatively regulate the signal transducers and activators of transcription signaling pathway in normal human epidermal keratinocytes. J Invest Dermatol 2003; 120:571-80. [PMID: 12648219 DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12100.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The suppressor of cytokine signaling/cytokine-inducible SH2 containing proteins are cytokine inducible and are negative regulators of the signal transducers and activators of the transcription signaling pathway. We investigated the mechanism regulating signal transducers and activators of transcription and the suppressor of cytokine signaling/cytokine-inducible SH2 containing protein family in keratinocytes, one of the major target cells for cytokines. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 mRNA was upregulated 3 h post-interferon gamma, and a 8.1-fold increase in the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 mRNA occurred 48 h post-interferon gamma. The suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 mRNA was also upregulated from 1 h post-interferon gamma, and a 6.7-fold increase in the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3/cytokine-inducible SH2 containing protein 3 mRNA occurred between 6 and 12 h post-interferon gamma. Interleukin-6 exposure for 1 h enhanced the expression of the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3/cytokine-inducible SH2 containing protein 3 mRNA, but the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1/JAB mRNA was not induced by interleukin-6. Interleukin-4 upregulated the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1/JAB and cytokine-inducible SH2 containing protein 1 mRNA, with 3.4-fold and 5.1-fold increases in mRNA observed at 1 h post-interleukin-4, respectively. In contrast, epidermal growth factor, which phosphorylates signal transducers and activators of transcription 3, did not influence the level of the suppressor of cytokine signaling/cytokine-inducible SH2 containing protein family mRNA expression. Transfection of an adenovirus vector expressing the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1/JAB completely inhibited interferon gamma-dependent signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 phosphorylation and interleukin-4-dependent signal transducers and activators of transcription 6 phosphorylation. Transfection of adenovirus vector expressing the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1/JAB did not inhibit interleukin-6-dependent signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 phosphorylation-several reports show that the suppressor of cytokine signaling 1/JAB is a potent inhibitor of signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 signaling in the myeloid leukemia M1 cell. Transfection of the adenovirus vector expressing suppressor of cytokine signaling 3/cytokine-inducible SH2 containing protein 3 completely inhibited interleukin-6-dependent signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 phosphorylation and partially inhibited interferon gamma-dependent signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 phosphorylation. Transfection of the adenovirus vector expressing suppressor of cytokine signaling 3/cytokine-inducible SH2 containing protein 3, however, did not inhibit interleukin-4-dependent signal transducers and activators of transcription 6 phosphorylation. Transfection of the adenovirus vector expressing cytokine-inducible SH2 containing protein 1 had no effect on signal transducers and activators of transcription 1, 3, and 6 signaling in normal keratinocytes. Therefore, the relationship between signal transducers and activators of transcription and suppressor of cytokine signaling is unique in the keratinocytes, and the suppressor of cytokine signaling regulates cytokine signals in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenshi Yamasaki
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University School of Medicine, Japan.
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Nakamura N, Ochi T, Sawada M, Tanaka H, Inagaki N, Saiki I, Nagai H. Role of T cells in IgE-dependent triphasic cutaneous reaction caused by dinitrofluorobenzene in the mouse ear: Participation of CD8+ T cells. Allergol Int 2003. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1592.2003.00279.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Yu B, Koga T, Urabe K, Moroi Y, Maeda S, Yanagihara Y, Furue M. Differential regulation of thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine induced by IL-4, IL-13, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma in human keratinocyte and fibroblast. J Dermatol Sci 2002; 30:29-36. [PMID: 12354417 DOI: 10.1016/s0923-1811(02)00046-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The CC chemokine thymus- and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC/CCL17) acts on CC chemokine receptor 4 (CCR4), which is known to be selectively expressed in Th2 cells. In order to compare the regulatory profiles of TARC production by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IFN-gamma, interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-13 in keratinocytes and fibroblasts, HaCaT cells, a human keratinocyte cell line, and NG1RGB cells, a human skin fibroblast cell line, were used. The expression of TARC protein was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the mRNA level was detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The spontaneous expression of TARC protein and mRNA levels were augmented by TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma and were inhibited by IL-4 and IL-13 in the keratinocytes. The fibroblasts expressed the TARC protein and mRNA only in the presence of IL-4+TNF-alpha or IL-13+TNF-alpha stimulation. IFN-gamma further enhanced the IL-4+TNF-alpha or IL-13+TNF-alpha-induced TARC production in the fibroblasts. Thus, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma -induced TARC production was differentially regulated by IL-4 and IL-13 in human keratinocytes and fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1, Maidashi, Higashi-ku, J-812-8582, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Furue M, Koga T, Yamashita N. Soluble E-selectin and eosinophil cationic protein are distinct serum markers that differentially represent clinical features of atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 1999; 140:67-72. [PMID: 10215770 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.1999.02609.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The serum levels of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin), soluble CD14 (sCD14) and interleukin (IL)-4 are known to be elevated in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). However, little is known of the mutual relationship between these factors. To elucidate the clinical and mutual relevance of these markers, we examined the serum levels of ECP, sE-selectin, sCD14 and IL-4 as compared with eruption scores, itch scores, total IgE and numbers of peripheral eosinophils in patients with AD (n = 43), non-atopic eczema (n = 24) and urticaria (n = 13) and in normal individuals (n = 45). In 27 patients with AD the levels of these markers were compared before and after treatment. Levels of ECP were elevated only in the patients with AD, whereas the sE-selectin levels were higher not only in AD but also in non-atopic eczema in a severity-dependent manner. The levels of both markers significantly diminished after treatment. Significant correlations existed between ECP levels and numbers of eosinophils, sE-selectin levels and itch scores, and sE-selectin levels and IgE levels. No significant changes were observed in the sCD14 and IL-4 levels. Taken together, sE-selectin and ECP are good but distinct serum markers that reflect different clinical features of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Furue
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashiku, Fukuoka 812, Japan.
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