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Sui Y, Chen Y, Lv Q, Zheng Y, Kong D, Jiang H, Huang W, Ren Y, Liu P, Jiang Y. Suilyin Disrupts the Blood-Brain Barrier by Activating Group III Secretory Phospholipase A2. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12060919. [PMID: 35743951 PMCID: PMC9229629 DOI: 10.3390/life12060919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Serious diseases caused by Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (S. suis 2) include septicaemia and meningitis, which are associated with high morbidity and mortality. Proliferation in the blood can result in a breach of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and provide entry into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), where bacteria cause inflammation of the meningeal membranes resulting in meningitis. The molecular mechanisms of how this pathogen crosses the BBB remain unclear. Suilysin (SLY) has been identified as an important secreted virulence factor of S. suis 2 and may play a vital role in provoking meningitis. In this investigation, we demonstrate that SLY can increase the paracellular permeability of BBB, both in vivo and in vitro, via the activation of group III secretory phospholipase A2 (PLA2G3). Our results indicate that at lower, sublytic concentrations, the toxin can stimulate cerebral microvascular endothelial cells to release TNF-α, thereby inducing high level expressions of PLA2G3. Abnormal elevations of PLA2G3 might further injure tissues through direct cytolytic effectors or other responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China; (Y.S.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (D.K.); (H.J.); (W.H.); (Y.R.)
| | - Ying Chen
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, China;
| | - Qingyu Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China; (Y.S.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (D.K.); (H.J.); (W.H.); (Y.R.)
| | - Yuling Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China; (Y.S.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (D.K.); (H.J.); (W.H.); (Y.R.)
| | - Decong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China; (Y.S.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (D.K.); (H.J.); (W.H.); (Y.R.)
| | - Hua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China; (Y.S.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (D.K.); (H.J.); (W.H.); (Y.R.)
| | - Wenhua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China; (Y.S.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (D.K.); (H.J.); (W.H.); (Y.R.)
| | - Yuhao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China; (Y.S.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (D.K.); (H.J.); (W.H.); (Y.R.)
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China; (Y.S.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (D.K.); (H.J.); (W.H.); (Y.R.)
- Correspondence: (P.L.); (Y.J.)
| | - Yongqiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences (AMMS), Beijing 100071, China; (Y.S.); (Q.L.); (Y.Z.); (D.K.); (H.J.); (W.H.); (Y.R.)
- Correspondence: (P.L.); (Y.J.)
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Korotaeva AA, Samoilova EV, Kaminny AI, Pirkova AA, Resink TJ, Erne P, Prokazova NV, Tkachuk VA, Chazov EI. The catalytically active secretory phospholipase A2 type IIA is involved in restenosis development after PTCA in human coronary arteries and generation of atherogenic LDL. Mol Cell Biochem 2005; 270:107-13. [PMID: 15792359 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-005-5266-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Secretory phospholipase A2 type IIA (sPLA2) may actively contribute to atherogenesis, acting either within the arterial wall or in plasma. Proinflammatory eicosanoids and lysophospholipids, generated through hydrolysis of cell membrane phospho-lipids by sPLA2, initiate and prolong the inflammatory process. In the present study we examined the possible involvement of sPLA2 in development of restenosis in patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). We also investigated whether serum sPLA2 could catalyze accumulation of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) in LDL. Concentrations and catalytic activities of sPLA2 were measured in blood serum of 49 consenting patients immediately before, 1-7 and 180 days after PTCA. All patients had repeat angiograms at 180-day follow-up. Restenosis was registered in 19 patients. Accumulation of LPC in LDL was evaluated by thin-layer chromatography after incubation of blood serum with LDL. Serum sPLA2 concentrations increased in all study patients by day 1 post-PTCA, but the increase was significantly greater and more protracted in patients who developed restenosis. Catalytic activities increased significantly 6 days post-PTCA in patients who developed restenosis, whereas for patients without restenosis there was no change in serum sPLA2 activity throughout the study period in spite of the sPLA2 presence in blood. Incubation of blood serum (6 days post-PTCA) with LDL resulted in accumulation of LPC only for those patients who subsequently developed restenosis. Manoalide, a specific inhibitor of sPLA2, completely blocked the LPC accumulation. The data indicate that elevated serum sPLA2 activity after PTCA is associated with restenosis development and may be involved in atherogenic modification of LDL in blood serum.
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Fonteh AN, Marion CR, Barham BJ, Edens MB, Atsumi G, Samet JM, High KP, Chilton FH. Enhancement of mast cell survival: a novel function of some secretory phospholipase A(2) isotypes. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2001; 167:4161-71. [PMID: 11591736 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.167.8.4161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that certain secretory phospholipase A(2) (sPLA(2)) isotypes act in a cytokine-like fashion through cell surface receptors to influence mast cell survival. Initial experiments revealed that sPLA(2) activity and sPLA(2) receptor expression are increased, and mast cells lost their capacity to maintain membrane asymmetry upon cytokine depletion. Groups IB and III, but not group IIA PLA(2), prevented the loss of membrane asymmetry. Similarly, group IB prevented nucleosomal DNA fragmentation in mast cells. Providing putative products of sPLA(2) hydrolysis to cytokine-depleted mast cells did not influence survival. Furthermore, catalytic inactivation of sPLA(2) did not alter its capacity to prevent apoptosis. Inhibition of protein synthesis using cycloheximide or actinomycin reversed the antiapoptotic effect of sPLA(2). Additionally, both wild-type and catalytically inactive group IB PLA(2) induced IL-3 synthesis in mast cells. However, adding IL-3-neutralizing Ab did not change Annexin V(FITC) binding and only partially inhibited thymidine incorporation in sPLA(2)-supplemented mast cells. In contrast, IL-3-neutralizing Ab inhibited both Annexin V(FITC) binding and thymidine incorporation in mast cells maintained with IL-3. sPLA(2) enhanced phosphoinositide 3'-kinase activity, and a specific inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3'-kinase reversed the antiapoptotic effects of sPLA(2). Likewise, sPLA(2) increased the degradation of I-kappaBalpha, and specific inhibitors of nuclear factor kappa activation (NF-kappaB) reversed the antiapoptotic effects of sPLA(2). Together, these experiments reveal that certain isotypes of sPLA(2) enhance the survival of mast cells in a cytokine-like fashion by activating antiapoptotic signaling pathways independent of IL-3 and probably via sPLA(2) receptors rather than sPLA(2) catalytic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Fonteh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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Pruzanski W, Vadas P. Tenidap in rheumatoid arthritis: comment on the article by Blackburn et al. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 1996; 39:1263-4. [PMID: 8670344 DOI: 10.1002/art.1780390733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Inhibition of the activity of pro-inflammatory secretory phospholipase A(2) by acute phase proteins. Mediators Inflamm 1996; 5:196-201. [PMID: 18475716 PMCID: PMC2365793 DOI: 10.1155/s0962935196000270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pro-Inflammatory non-pancreatic phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) is markedly over-expressed in acute systemic and chronic local inflammatory processes. Since in acute phase reaction sPLA2 is often over-expressed simultaneously with acute phase proteins (APP), it is important to determine whether APP interacts with sPLA2. We tested ten APPs for interaction with sPLA2 using as a substrate multilamellar Hposomes composed either of PC:Lyso PC or PE:Lyso PE. Using PC:Lyso PC substrate, CRP, lactoferrin and SAP were found to inhibit sPLA2 activity with an IC50 of 25 μg/ml, 7.5 μg/ml and 50 μg/ml, respectively, corresponding to 0.21 μM, 0.1 μM and 0.21 μM respectively. Using PE:Lyso PE substrate only SAP was inhibitory, with an IC50 of 10 μg/ml (0.04 μM). Phosphorylcholine abolished the inhibitory activity of CRP but not of SAP or lactoferrin. Addition of phosphorylethanolamine or of excess calcium had no effect on the inhibitory activity of APP. Limulin, lysozyme, transferrin, β2-microglobulin, α2-macroglobulin, human and bovine albumins had no effect on sPLA2 activity. Therefore neither the structure of pentraxins, or ironbinding, bacteriostatic property or amyloidogenic property preclude whether APP modulates sPLA2 activity. Inhibition of pro-inflammatory sPLA2 by APP may be one of the protective mechanisms of the acute phase reaction.
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