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Augustyniak A, McMahon H. Effect of Marine-Derived Saccharides on Human Skin Fibroblasts and Dermal Papilla Cells. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:330. [PMID: 37367655 DOI: 10.3390/md21060330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin is the largest organ of the human body, composed of a diverse range of cell types, non-cellular components, and an extracellular matrix. With aging, molecules that are part of the extracellular matrix undergo qualitative and quantitative changes and the effects, such as a loss of skin firmness or wrinkles, can be visible. The changes caused by the aging process do not only affect the surface of the skin, but also extend to skin appendages such as hair follicles. In the present study, the ability of marine-derived saccharides, L-fucose and chondroitin sulphate disaccharide, to support skin and hair health and minimize the effects of intrinsic and extrinsic aging was investigated. The potential of the tested samples to prevent adverse changes in the skin and hair through stimulation of natural processes, cellular proliferation, and production of extracellular matrix components collagen, elastin, or glycosaminoglycans was investigated. The tested compounds, L-fucose and chondroitin sulphate disaccharide, supported skin and hair health, especially in terms of anti-aging effects. The obtained results indicate that both ingredients support and promote the proliferation of dermal fibroblasts and dermal papilla cells, provide cells with a supply of sulphated disaccharide GAG building blocks, increase ECM molecule production (collagen and elastin) by HDFa, and support the growth phase of the hair cycle (anagen).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Augustyniak
- Circular Bioeconomy Research Group, Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Munster Technological University-Kerry, Clash, V92CX88 Tralee, Co. Kerry, Ireland
| | - Helena McMahon
- Circular Bioeconomy Research Group, Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Munster Technological University-Kerry, Clash, V92CX88 Tralee, Co. Kerry, Ireland
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Guo H, Li Y, Qiu L, Li J, Guo X, Zhang Y, Wang J. Gua Lou Er Chen decoction attenuates atherosclerosis by reducing proteoglycans accumulation and inflammation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 115:154811. [PMID: 37094421 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteoglycans (PGs) accumulation and inflammation are two interactional pathological processes of atherosclerosis (AS). Up to now, there is no ideal drug for decreasing these pathological changes. Gua Lou Er Chen decoction (GED) has been used to treat AS for several years. However, if GED could treat AS through reducing PGs accumulation and inflammation remains unknown. PURPOSE This study was designed to illustrate whether GED could attenuate AS by reducing chondroitin sulphate proteoglycan (CSPG) expressions and alleviating inflammation. METHODS In vivo study, apolipoprotein E-deficient mice were fed a high-fat diet to induce AS. In vitro study, oxidised low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α were used to induce proteoglycans accumulation and inflammation changes of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and RAW264.7 macrophages. Oil Red O was used to stain mouse aortic lipid plaque. Haematoxylin eosin staining was used to assess the pathological changes of aortic valve and thoracic aorta. Specialised kits were used to identify blood lipids and sGAGs. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry was used to identify aortic valve CSPG and versican. Western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were used to measure versican, interleukin (IL)-6, TNF-α, and chondroitin sulphate (CS) synthetase expressions. CCK-8 was used to measure the cells proliferation. RESULTS In vivo experiments revealed that GED significantly improved hyperlipidemia, lowered lipid plaque deposition in the aorta, and increased plaque stability of AS mice. In addition, further studies revealed that GED lowered the sGAGs, CSPG, and versican levels and down-regulated CS synthetase and inflammatory factor expressions. In vitro experiments revealed that GED decreased TNF-α expression in the RAW264.7 macrophage supernatant stimulated by ox-LDL; decreased versican, CS-related synthetase, and IL-6 expressions; reduced VSMC proliferation stimulated by ox-LDL; down-regulated sGAG and versican expressions of VSMCs stimulated by TNF-α. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that GED could attenuate AS by reducing hyperlipidemia, hyper-expression of CSPG, and inflammation. This study might provide a novel insight into the development of innovative drug for AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongya Guo
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yunxing Li
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lingyan Qiu
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianyin Li
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaochun Guo
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yujing Zhang
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Solis-Cordova J, Edwards JH, Fermor HL, Riches P, Brockett CL, Herbert A. Characterisation of native and decellularised porcine tendon under tension and compression: A closer look at glycosaminoglycan contribution to tendon mechanics. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 139:105671. [PMID: 36682172 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.105671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Decellularised porcine superflexor tendon (pSFT) has been characterised as a suitable scaffold for anterior cruciate ligament replacement, with dimensions similar to hamstring tendon autograft. However, decellularisation of tissues may reduce or damage extracellular matrix components, leading to undesirable biomechanical changes at a whole tissue scale. Although the role of collagen in tendons is well established, the mechanical contribution of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) is less evident and could be altered by the decellularisation process. In this study, the contribution of GAGs to the tensile and compressive mechanical properties of pSFT was determined and whether decellularisation affected these properties by reducing GAG content or functionality. PSFTs were either enzymatically treated using chondroitinase ABC to remove GAGs or decellularised using previously established methods. Native, GAG-depleted and decellularised pSFT groups were then subjected to quantitative assays and biomechanical characterisation. In tension, specimens underwent stress relaxation and strength testing. In compression, specimens underwent confined compression testing. The GAG-depleted group was found to have circa 86% reduction of GAG content compared to native and decellularised groups. There was no significant difference in GAG content between native (3.75 ± 0.58 μg/mg) and decellularised (3.40 ± 0.37 μg/mg) groups. Stress relaxation testing discovered the time-independent and time-dependent relaxation moduli of the decellularised group were reduced ≥50% compared to native and GAG-depleted groups. However, viscoelastic behaviour of native and GAG-depleted groups resulted similar. Strength testing discovered no differences between native and GAG-depleted group's properties, albeit a reduction ∼20% for decellularised specimens' linear modulus and tensile strength compared to native tissue. In compression testing, the aggregate modulus was found to be circa 74% lower in the GAG-depleted group than the native and decellularised groups, while the zero-strain permeability was significantly higher in the GAG-depleted group (0.86 ± 0.65 mm4/N) than the decellularised group (0.03 ± 0.04 mm4/N). The results indicate that GAGs may significantly contribute to the mechanical properties of pSFT in compression, but not in tension. Furthermore, the content and function of GAGs in pSFTs are unaffected by decellularisation and the mechanical properties of the tissue remain comparable to native tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Solis-Cordova
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom.
| | - Jennifer H Edwards
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Hazel L Fermor
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Riches
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Wolfson Centre, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Claire L Brockett
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Herbert
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Huang W, Fu C, Yan J. Single-Cell Quantification of the Mechanical Stability of Cell-Cell Adherens Junction Using Glass Micropipettes. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2600:267-280. [PMID: 36587103 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2851-5_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Micropipette-based methods have been widely used for the manipulation of cells and characterization of the mechanical properties at the cell or tissue level. Here, we introduce the glass micropipette-based mechanical assays for the stability of cell-cell adhesion. A probing microbead coated with specific adhesion ligands, captured by a glass micropipette, is manipulated to form the adhesion complexes with the corresponding receptors on a single cell. Once the cell is moving away from the micropipette, forces are generated from 20 pN to 100 nN to the adhesion complexes, which are quantified in real-time based on the bending of the glass micropipette. We specifically emphasize the principle and method to probe the rupturing forces of the adhesion complexes at controlled force loading rates, the ligand coating on the probe microbeads, the force calibration of the glass micropipette, and the applications of the method to probe the E-cadherin-based cell-cell adhesions. The principles can be broadly applied to other cell adhesions such as cell-matrix adhesions, neuronal synapses, and bacterial-cell adhesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenmao Huang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chaoyu Fu
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jie Yan
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Centre for Bioimaging Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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Redmond J, McCarthy HO, Buchanan P, Levingstone TJ, Dunne NJ. Development and characterisation of 3D collagen-gelatin based scaffolds for breast cancer research. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 142:213157. [PMID: 36279748 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
While 2D culture presents a useful tool for cancer research, it fails to replicate the tumor microenvironment as it lacks proper three-dimensional cell-cell/cell-matrix interactions, often resulting in exaggerated responses to therapeutic agents. 3D models that aim to overcome the issues associated with 2D culture research offer a new frontier for cancer research with cell growth, morphology and genetic properties that more closely match in vivo cancers. Herein, we aim to develop a collagen-based scaffold that supports the attachment and proliferation of breast cancer (BC) cells as a 3D culture model. Scaffolds were produced on a repeatable basis using a freeze-drying procedure. The constructs were highly porous (>99%) with homogenous pore sizes (150-300 μm) and an interconnected structure. The application of 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDAC) crosslinking resulted in scaffolds with elastic moduli in the range of 1-2 kPa, mimicking cancerous breast tissue stiffness. Furthermore, the incorporation of gelatin into the scaffolds enabled the porosity, pore size and mechanical properties to be tailored, resulting in scaffolds with stiffness values that accurately replicate the stiffness of human BC extracellular matrix (ECM) (1.3-1.7 kPa). Scaffolds displayed high in vitro stability with 90% of mass remaining after 14 days of culture. The scaffolds were shown to be highly biocompatible, and capable of supporting the attachment, infiltration and proliferation of MCF7 breast cancer (BC) cells over +14 days. These results confirm the suitability of these scaffolds as culture models for BC cells. These collagen-based scaffolds offer significant potential for the exploration of aspects of BC, such as gene expression profiles and patterns, and for the assessment of the efficacy of therapeutic agents in treating BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Redmond
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Collins Avenue, Dublin 9, Ireland; Centre for Medical Engineering Research, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Stokes Building, Collins Avenue, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Helen O McCarthy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom; School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Collins Avenue, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Paul Buchanan
- School of Nursing and Human Science, Dublin City University, Collins Avenue, Dublin, Ireland; National Institute of Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Tanya J Levingstone
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Collins Avenue, Dublin 9, Ireland; Centre for Medical Engineering Research, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Stokes Building, Collins Avenue, Dublin 9, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (I-Form), School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; Biodesign Europe, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Nicholas J Dunne
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Collins Avenue, Dublin 9, Ireland; Centre for Medical Engineering Research, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Stokes Building, Collins Avenue, Dublin 9, Ireland; School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom; Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland and Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (I-Form), School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; Biodesign Europe, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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Tachibana K, Ohkawa Y, Kanto N, Maeda K, Ohe S, Isei T, Harada Y, Taniguchi N. The expression of keratan sulfate in malignant melanoma enhances the adhesion and invasion activity of melanoma cells. J Dermatol 2022; 49:1027-1036. [PMID: 35811379 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mammals express a wide variety of glycans that include N-glycans, O-glycans, proteoglycans, glycolipids, etc. Glycan expression can modulate the cellular functions, and hence is strongly involved in the onset and progression of numerous diseases. Here, we report the relevance of the ectopic expression of keratan sulfate (KS) glycan chains in human malignant melanomas. Using a human melanoma cell line, we found that the KS enhanced the invasiveness of the cells but caused no change in the growth rate of the cells. The phosphorylation of paxillin, a focal adhesion-associated adaptor protein, was strong at the region where KS was expressed in the melanoma tissues, indicating that KS stimulated the phosphorylation of paxillin. We also observed that KS enhanced the adhesion of melanoma cells and this was accompanied by a greatly increased level of phosphorylation of paxillin. These data suggest that the expression of KS contributes to the development of malignant phenotypes such as strong cell adhesion and the invasiveness of melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Tachibana
- Department of Dermatologic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Dermatology, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yuki Ohkawa
- Department of Glyco-Oncology and Medical Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Noriko Kanto
- Department of Glyco-Oncology and Medical Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kento Maeda
- Department of Glyco-Oncology and Medical Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shuichi Ohe
- Department of Dermatologic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taiki Isei
- Department of Dermatologic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoichiro Harada
- Department of Glyco-Oncology and Medical Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Taniguchi
- Department of Glyco-Oncology and Medical Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
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7
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Liu HW, Su WT, Liu CY, Huang CC. Highly Organized Porous Gelatin-Based Scaffold by Microfluidic 3D-Foaming Technology and Dynamic Culture for Cartilage Tissue Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158449. [PMID: 35955581 PMCID: PMC9369316 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
A gelatin-based hydrogel scaffold with highly uniform pore size and biocompatibility was fabricated for cartilage tissue engineering using microfluidic 3D-foaming technology. Mainly, bubbles with different diameters, such as 100 μm and 160 μm, were produced by introducing an optimized nitrogen gas and gelatin solution at an optimized flow rate, and N2/gelatin bubbles were formed. Furthermore, a cross-linking agent (1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl)-carbodiimide, EDC) was employed for the cross-linking reaction of the gelatin-based hydrogel scaffold with uniform bubbles, and then the interface between the close cells were broken by degassing. The pore uniformity of the gelatin-based hydrogel scaffolds was confirmed by use of a bright field microscope, conjugate focus microscope and scanning electron microscope. The in vitro degradation rate, mechanical properties, and swelling rate of gelatin-based hydrogel scaffolds with highly uniform pore size were studied. Rabbit knee cartilage was cultured, and its extracellular matrix content was analyzed. Histological analysis and immunofluorescence staining were employed to confirm the activity of the rabbit knee chondrocytes. The chondrocytes were seeded into the resulting 3D porous gelatin-based hydrogel scaffolds. The growth conditions of the chondrocyte culture on the resulting 3D porous gelatin-based hydrogel scaffolds were evaluated by MTT analysis, live/dead cell activity analysis, and extracellular matrix content analysis. Additionally, a dynamic culture of cartilage tissue was performed, and the expression of cartilage-specific proteins within the culture time was studied by immunofluorescence staining analysis. The gelatin-based hydrogel scaffold encouraged chondrocyte proliferation, promoting the expression of collagen type II, aggrecan, and sox9 while retaining the structural stability and durability of the cartilage after dynamic compression and promoting cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsia-Wei Liu
- Department of Life Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan; (H.-W.L.); (C.-Y.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Engineering, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ta Su
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical and Biomedical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 106344, Taiwan;
| | - Ching-Yi Liu
- Department of Life Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan; (H.-W.L.); (C.-Y.L.)
| | - Ching-Cheng Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ming-Chuan University, Taoyuan 333321, Taiwan
- PARSD Biomedical Material Research Center, Taichung 407428, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Khan MW, Terry AR, Priyadarshini M, Ilievski V, Farooq Z, Guzman G, Cordoba-Chacon J, Ben-Sahra I, Wicksteed B, Layden BT. The hexokinase "HKDC1" interaction with the mitochondria is essential for liver cancer progression. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:660. [PMID: 35902556 PMCID: PMC9334634 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04999-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Liver cancer (LC) is the fourth leading cause of death from cancer malignancies. Recently, a putative fifth hexokinase, hexokinase domain containing 1 (HKDC1), was shown to have significant overexpression in LC compared to healthy liver tissue. Using a combination of in vitro and in vivo tools, we examined the role of HKDC1 in LC development and progression. Importantly, HKDC1 ablation stops LC development and progression via its action at the mitochondria by promoting metabolic reprogramming and a shift of glucose flux away from the TCA cycle. HKDC1 ablation leads to mitochondrial dysfunction resulting in less cellular energy, which cannot be compensated by enhanced glucose uptake. Moreover, we show that the interaction of HKDC1 with the mitochondria is essential for its role in LC progression, and without this interaction, mitochondrial dysfunction occurs. As HKDC1 is highly expressed in LC cells, but only to a minimal degree in hepatocytes under normal conditions, targeting HKDC1, specifically its interaction with the mitochondria, may represent a highly selective approach to target cancer cells in LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Wasim Khan
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Alexander R. Terry
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607 USA
| | - Medha Priyadarshini
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Vladimir Ilievski
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Zeenat Farooq
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Grace Guzman
- grid.412973.a0000 0004 0434 4425Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Cancer Center, University of Illinois Hospital and Health Science Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Jose Cordoba-Chacon
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Issam Ben-Sahra
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - Barton Wicksteed
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Brian T. Layden
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA ,grid.280892.90000 0004 0419 4711Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
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9
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Mencio CP, Tilve SM, Suzuki M, Higashi K, Katagiri Y, Geller HM. A novel cytoskeletal action of xylosides. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0269972. [PMID: 35763520 PMCID: PMC9239447 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0269972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteoglycan glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains are attached to a serine residue in the protein through a linkage series of sugars, the first of which is xylose. Xylosides are chemicals which compete with the xylose at the enzyme xylosyl transferase to prevent the attachment of GAG chains to proteins. These compounds have been employed at concentrations in the millimolar range as tools to study the role of GAG chains in proteoglycan function. In the course of our studies with xylosides, we conducted a dose-response curve for xyloside actions on neural cells. To our surprise, we found that concentrations of xylosides in the nanomolar to micromolar range had major effects on cell morphology of hippocampal neurons as well as of Neuro2a cells, affecting both actin and tubulin cytoskeletal dynamics. Such effects/morphological changes were not observed with higher xyloside concentrations. We found a dose-dependent alteration of GAG secretion by Neuro2a cells; however, concentrations of xylosides which were effective in altering neuronal morphology did not cause a large change in the rate of GAG chain secretion. In contrast, both low and high concentrations of xylosides altered HS and CS composition. RNAseq of treated cells demonstrated alterations in gene expression only after treatment with millimolar concentration of xylosides that had no effect on cell morphology. These observations support a novel action of xylosides on neuronal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin P. Mencio
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Sharada M. Tilve
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Masato Suzuki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda City, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kohei Higashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, Noda City, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Katagiri
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Herbert M. Geller
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
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Fayon A, Helle D, Francius G, Vincourt JB, Regnault V, Dumas D, Menu P, El Omar R. Characterization of an Innovative Biomaterial Derived From Human Wharton’s Jelly as a New Promising Coating for Tissue Engineering Applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:884069. [PMID: 35769101 PMCID: PMC9234273 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.884069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) offers the opportunity to create a biomaterial consisting of a microenvironment with interesting biological and biophysical properties for improving and regulating cell functions. Animal-derived ECM are the most widely used as an alternative to human tissues that are of very limited availability. However, incomplete decellularization of these tissues presents a high risk of immune rejection and disease transmission. In this study, we present an innovative method to extract human ECM derived from the Wharton’s jelly (WJ-ECMaa) of umbilical cords as a novel biomaterial to be used in tissue engineering. WJ-ECMaa was very efficiently decellularized, suggesting its possible use in allogeneic conditions. Characterization of its content allowed the identification of type I collagen as its main component. Various other matrix proteins, playing an important role in cell adhesion and proliferation, were also detected. WJ-ECMaa applied as a surface coating was analyzed by fluorescent labeling and atomic force microscopy. The results revealed a particular arrangement of collagen fibers not previously described in the literature. This biomaterial also presented better cytocompatibility compared to the conventional collagen coating. Moreover, it showed adequate hemocompatibility, allowing its use as a surface with direct contact with blood. Application of WJ-ECMaa as a coating of the luminal surface of umbilical arteries for a use in vascular tissue engineering, has improved significantly the cellularization of this surface by allowing a full and homogeneous cell coverage. Taking these results together, our novel extraction method of human ECM offers a very promising biomaterial with many potential applications in tissue engineering such as the one presented direct in vascular tissue engineering. Further characterization of the composition and functionality will help explore the ways it can be used in tissue engineering applications, especially as a scaffold or a surface coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Fayon
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IMoPA, Nancy, France
| | | | - Gregory Francius
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour les Matériaux et l’Environnement, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Vincourt
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IMoPA, Nancy, France
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, INSERM, IBSLor (UMS2008/US40), Nancy, France
| | | | | | - Patrick Menu
- Université de Lorraine, CNRS, IMoPA, Nancy, France
- *Correspondence: Patrick Menu,
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11
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Xue W, Kong Y, Abu R, Roy P, Huh SH, Kuss M, Kumar V, Duan B. Regulation of Schwann Cell and DRG Neurite Behaviors within Decellularized Peripheral Nerve Matrix. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:8693-8704. [PMID: 35148064 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c20320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Decellularized nerve hydrogels (dNHs) containing bioactive molecules are promising biomaterials for peripheral nerve injury (PNI) treatment and have been extensively applied in clinical and preclinical practice. However, most previous research projects studied their influences on nerve-related cellular behaviors in two dimensions (2D) without taking hydrogel biomechanics into consideration. The molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial microenvironment provided by dNHs also remain unclear. In this study, dNHs from rat sciatic nerves were prepared, and their effects on Schwann cell (SC) and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurite behaviors were evaluated and compared to commercial rat tail type I collagen (Col) hydrogels in three-dimensional (3D) environments. We found that dNHs could promote SC proliferation and neurite outgrowth, and both the hydrogel mechanics and components contributed to the dNH functionalization. Through proteomics analysis, we found that laminin (LAM) and type V collagen (COLV) exclusively and abundantly existed in dNHs. By adding exogenous LAM and COLV into Col hydrogels, we demonstrated that they regulated SC gene expression and that LAM could promote SC spreading and neurite outgrowth, while COLV improved SC proliferation. Lastly, dNHs were fabricated into paper-like, aligned nerve scaffolds through unidirectional freezing to expand the dNH applications in PNI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Xue
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Yunfan Kong
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Rafay Abu
- Mass Spectrometry & Proteomics Core, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Pooja Roy
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Sung-Ho Huh
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
- Department of Neurological Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Mitchell Kuss
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Vikas Kumar
- Mass Spectrometry & Proteomics Core, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Bin Duan
- Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska─Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, United States
- Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
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12
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Sharma M, Singh V, Sharma R, Koul A, McCarthy ET, Savin VJ, Joshi T, Srivastava T. Glomerular Biomechanical Stress and Lipid Mediators during Cellular Changes Leading to Chronic Kidney Disease. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020407. [PMID: 35203616 PMCID: PMC8962328 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperfiltration is an important underlying cause of glomerular dysfunction associated with several systemic and intrinsic glomerular conditions leading to chronic kidney disease (CKD). These include obesity, diabetes, hypertension, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), congenital abnormalities and reduced renal mass (low nephron number). Hyperfiltration-associated biomechanical forces directly impact the cell membrane, generating tensile and fluid flow shear stresses in multiple segments of the nephron. Ongoing research suggests these biomechanical forces as the initial mediators of hyperfiltration-induced deterioration of podocyte structure and function leading to their detachment and irreplaceable loss from the glomerular filtration barrier. Membrane lipid-derived polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and their metabolites are potent transducers of biomechanical stress from the cell surface to intracellular compartments. Omega-6 and ω-3 long-chain PUFA from membrane phospholipids generate many versatile and autacoid oxylipins that modulate pro-inflammatory as well as anti-inflammatory autocrine and paracrine signaling. We advance the idea that lipid signaling molecules, related enzymes, metabolites and receptors are not just mediators of cellular stress but also potential targets for developing novel interventions. With the growing emphasis on lifestyle changes for wellness, dietary fatty acids are potential adjunct-therapeutics to minimize/treat hyperfiltration-induced progressive glomerular damage and CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukut Sharma
- Research and Development Service, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA;
- Midwest Veterans’ Biomedical Research Foundation, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA; (A.K.); (V.J.S.); (T.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 66160, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-816-861-4700 (ext. 58222)
| | - Vikas Singh
- Neurology, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA;
| | - Ram Sharma
- Research and Development Service, Kansas City VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA;
| | - Arnav Koul
- Midwest Veterans’ Biomedical Research Foundation, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA; (A.K.); (V.J.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Ellen T. McCarthy
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Jared Grantham Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 66160, USA;
| | - Virginia J. Savin
- Midwest Veterans’ Biomedical Research Foundation, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA; (A.K.); (V.J.S.); (T.S.)
| | - Trupti Joshi
- Department of Health Management and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65201, USA;
| | - Tarak Srivastava
- Midwest Veterans’ Biomedical Research Foundation, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA; (A.K.); (V.J.S.); (T.S.)
- Section of Nephrology, Children’s Mercy Hospital and University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
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13
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Known Cellular and Receptor Interactions of Animal and Human Coronaviruses: A Review. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020351. [PMID: 35215937 PMCID: PMC8878323 DOI: 10.3390/v14020351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This article aims to review all currently known interactions between animal and human coronaviruses and their cellular receptors. Over the past 20 years, three novel coronaviruses have emerged that have caused severe disease in humans, including SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome virus 2); therefore, a deeper understanding of coronavirus host-cell interactions is essential. Receptor-binding is the first stage in coronavirus entry prior to replication and can be altered by minor changes within the spike protein-the coronavirus surface glycoprotein responsible for the recognition of cell-surface receptors. The recognition of receptors by coronaviruses is also a major determinant in infection, tropism, and pathogenesis and acts as a key target for host-immune surveillance and other potential intervention strategies. We aim to highlight the need for a continued in-depth understanding of this subject area following on from the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, with the possibility for more zoonotic transmission events. We also acknowledge the need for more targeted research towards glycan-coronavirus interactions as zoonotic spillover events from animals to humans, following an alteration in glycan-binding capability, have been well-documented for other viruses such as Influenza A.
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14
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Jiang F, Ding Y, Tian Y, Yang R, Quan M, Tong Z, Zhang X, Luo D, Chi Z, Liu C. Hydrolyzed low-molecular-weight polysaccharide from Enteromorpha prolifera exhibits high anti-inflammatory activity and promotes wound healing. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 133:112637. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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15
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‘Sweet as a Nut’: Production and use of nanocapsules made of glycopolymer or polysaccharide shell. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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16
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Redmond J, McCarthy H, Buchanan P, Levingstone TJ, Dunne NJ. Advances in biofabrication techniques for collagen-based 3D in vitro culture models for breast cancer research. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 122:111944. [PMID: 33641930 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.111944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Collagen is the most abundant component of the extracellular matrix (ECM), therefore it represents an ideal biomaterial for the culture of a variety of cell types. Recently, collagen-based scaffolds have shown promise as 3D culture platforms for breast cancer-based research. Two-dimensional (2D) in vitro culture models, while useful for gaining preliminary insights, are ultimately flawed as they do not adequately replicate the tumour microenvironment. As a result, they do not facilitate proper 3D cell-cell/cell-matrix interactions and often an exaggerated response to therapeutic agents occurs. The ECM plays a crucial role in the development and spread of cancer. Alterations within the ECM have a significant impact on the pathogenesis of cancer, the initiation of metastasis and ultimate progression of the disease. 3D in vitro culture models that aim to replicate the tumour microenvironment have the potential to offer a new frontier for cancer research with cell growth, morphology and genetic properties that more closely match in vivo cancers. While initial 3D in vitro culture models used in breast cancer research consisted of simple hydrogel platforms, recent advances in biofabrication techniques, including freeze-drying, electrospinning and 3D bioprinting, have enabled the fabrication of biomimetic collagen-based platforms that more closely replicate the breast cancer ECM. This review highlights the current application of collagen-based scaffolds as 3D in vitro culture models for breast cancer research, specifically for adherence-based scaffolds (i.e. matrix-assisted). Finally, the future perspectives of 3D in vitro breast cancer models and their potential to lead to an improved understanding of breast cancer diagnosis and treatment are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Redmond
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; Centre for Medical Engineering Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Helen McCarthy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University, Belfast BT9 7BL, United Kingdom; School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Paul Buchanan
- School of Nursing and Human Science, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; National Institute of Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Tanya J Levingstone
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; Centre for Medical Engineering Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; Tissue Engineering Research Group, Department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland; Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (I-Form), School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Nicholas J Dunne
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; Centre for Medical Engineering Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (I-Form), School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland; Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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17
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Catoira MC, González-Payo J, Fusaro L, Ramella M, Boccafoschi F. Natural hydrogels R&D process: technical and regulatory aspects for industrial implementation. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2020; 31:64. [PMID: 32696261 PMCID: PMC7374448 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-020-06401-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Since hydrogel therapies have been introduced into clinic treatment procedures, the biomedical industry has to face the technology transfer and the scale-up of the processes. This will be key in the roadmap of the new technology implementation. Transfer technology and scale-up are already known for some applications but other applications, such as 3D printing, are still challenging. Decellularized tissues offer a lot of advantages when compared to other natural gels, for example they display enhanced biological properties, due to their ability to preserve natural molecules. For this reason, even though their use as a source for bioinks represents a challenge for the scale-up process, it is very important to consider the advantages that originate with overcoming this challenge. Therefore, many aspects that influence the scaling of the industrial process should be considered, like the addition of drugs or cells to the hydrogel, also, the gelling process is important to determine the chemical and physical parameters that must be controlled in order to guarantee a successful process. Legal aspects are also crucial when carrying out the scale-up of the process since they determine the industrial implementation success from the regulatory point of view. In this context, the new law Regulation (EU) 2017/745 on biomedical devices will be considered. This review summarizes the different aspects, including the legal ones, that should be considered when scaling up hydrogels of natural origin, in order to balance these different aspects and to optimize the costs in terms of raw materials and engine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Calvo Catoira
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune & Allergic Diseases-CAAD, 28100, Novara, Italy
- Tissuegraft srl, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Javier González-Payo
- Telecomunicación, Department of Signal Theory and Communications, University of Vigo, 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Luca Fusaro
- Tissuegraft srl, 28100, Novara, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Boccafoschi
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune & Allergic Diseases-CAAD, 28100, Novara, Italy.
- Tissuegraft srl, 28100, Novara, Italy.
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100, Novara, Italy.
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18
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Osimanjiang W, Roballo KCS, Houck BD, Ito M, Antonopoulos A, Dell A, Haslam SM, Bushman JS. Analysis of N- and O-Linked Glycosylation: Differential Glycosylation after Rat Spinal Cord Injury. J Neurotrauma 2020; 37:1954-1962. [PMID: 32316850 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2019.6974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosylation is a fundamental cellular process that has a dramatic impact on the functionality of glycoconjugates such as proteins or lipids and mediates many different biological interactions including cell migration, cellular signaling, and synaptic interactions in the nervous system. In spinal cord injury (SCI), all of these cellular processes are altered, but the potential contributions of glycosylation changes to these alterations has not been thoroughly investigated. We studied the glycosylation of injured spinal cord tissue from rats that received a contusion SCI. The N- and O-linked glycosylation was assessed at 3 and 14 days post-injury (DPI), and compared with uninjured control and time-matched sham spinal tissue. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and tandem MS (MS/MS) were performed to analyze carbohydrate structures. Results revealed diverse and abundant glycosylation in all groups, with some carbohydrate structures differentially produced in SCI animals compared with uninjured controls and shams. One such change occurred in the abundance of the Sda structure, Neu5Ac-α-(2,3)-[GalNAc-β-(1,4)-]Gal-β-(1,4)-GlcNAc, which was increased in SCI samples compared with shams and non-injured controls. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blot were performed on SCI and sham samples using the CT1 antibody, which recognizes the terminal trisaccharide of Sda with high specificity. Both of these metrics confirmed elevated Sda structure in SCI tissue, where IHC further showed that Sda is expressed mainly by microglia. The results of these studies suggest that SCI causes a significant alteration in N- and O-linked glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wupu Osimanjiang
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | | | - Brenda D Houck
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
| | - Mai Ito
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Anne Dell
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart M Haslam
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jared S Bushman
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA
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19
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A Clonal NG2-Glia Cell Response in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051279. [PMID: 32455842 PMCID: PMC7291195 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
NG2-glia, also known as oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), have the potential to generate new mature oligodendrocytes and thus, to contribute to tissue repair in demyelinating diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS). Once activated in response to brain damage, NG2-glial cells proliferate, and they acquire a reactive phenotype and a heterogeneous appearance. Here, we set out to investigate the distribution and phenotypic diversity of NG2-glia relative to their ontogenic origin, and whether there is a clonal NG2-glial response to lesion in an experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) murine model of MS. As such, we performed in utero electroporation of the genomic lineage tracer, StarTrack, to follow the fate of NG2-glia derived from single progenitors and to evaluate their response to brain damage after EAE induction. We then analyzed the dispersion of the NG2-glia derived clonally from single pallial progenitors in the brain of EAE mice. In addition, we examined several morphological parameters to assess the degree of NG2-glia reactivity in clonally-related cells. Our results reveal the heterogeneity of these progenitors and their cell progeny in a scenario of autoimmune demyelination, revealing the ontogenic phenomena at play in these processes.
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20
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Tsuchiya T, Doi R, Obata T, Hatachi G, Nagayasu T. Lung Microvascular Niche, Repair, and Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:105. [PMID: 32154234 PMCID: PMC7047880 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials have been used for a long time in the field of medicine. Since the success of "tissue engineering" pioneered by Langer and Vacanti in 1993, tissue engineering studies have advanced from simple tissue generation to whole organ generation with three-dimensional reconstruction. Decellularized scaffolds have been widely used in the field of reconstructive surgery because the tissues used to generate decellularized scaffolds can be easily harvested from animals or humans. When a patient's own cells can be seeded onto decellularized biomaterials, theoretically this will create immunocompatible organs generated from allo- or xeno-organs. The most important aspect of lung tissue engineering is that the delicate three-dimensional structure of the organ is maintained during the tissue engineering process. Therefore, organ decellularization has special advantages for lung tissue engineering where it is essential to maintain the extremely thin basement membrane in the alveoli. Since 2010, there have been many methodological developments in the decellularization and recellularization of lung scaffolds, which includes improvements in the decellularization protocols and the selection and preparation of seeding cells. However, early transplanted engineered lungs terminated in organ failure in a short period. Immature vasculature reconstruction is considered to be the main cause of engineered organ failure. Immature vasculature causes thrombus formation in the engineered lung. Successful reconstruction of a mature vasculature network would be a major breakthrough in achieving success in lung engineering. In order to regenerate the mature vasculature network, we need to remodel the vascular niche, especially the microvasculature, in the organ scaffold. This review highlights the reconstruction of the vascular niche in a decellularized lung scaffold. Because the vascular niche consists of endothelial cells (ECs), pericytes, extracellular matrix (ECM), and the epithelial-endothelial interface, all of which might affect the vascular tight junction (TJ), we discuss ECM composition and reconstruction, the contribution of ECs and perivascular cells, the air-blood barrier (ABB) function, and the effects of physiological factors during the lung microvasculature repair and engineering process. The goal of the present review is to confirm the possibility of success in lung microvascular engineering in whole organ engineering and explore the future direction of the current methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoshi Tsuchiya
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.,Division of Nucleic Acid Drug Development, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryoichiro Doi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Obata
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Go Hatachi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nagayasu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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21
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Kidgell JT, Glasson CRK, Magnusson M, Vamvounis G, Sims IM, Carnachan SM, Hinkley SFR, Lopata AL, de Nys R, Taki AC. The molecular weight of ulvan affects the in vitro inflammatory response of a murine macrophage. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 150:839-848. [PMID: 32057850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ulvan, a sulfated polysaccharide extracted from the green seaweed genus Ulva, has bioactive properties including an immunomodulating capacity. The immunomodulatory capacity of ulvan from Ulva ohnoi, however, has not been assessed in detail. We depolymerised purified ulvan from U. ohnoi to obtain a range of molecular weight fractions (Mw 7, 9, 13, 21, 209 kDa), which were characterised by constituent sugar analysis, SEC-MALLS, and NMR. Ulvan fractions contained 48.8-54.7 mol% rhamnose, 32.5-35.9 mol% glucuronic acid, 4.5-7.3 mol% iduronic acid, and 3.3-5.6 mol% xylose. 1H and 13C NMR was consistent with hydrolysis occurring at the anomeric centre without further modification to the oligosaccharide structure. The in vitro immunomodulatory effect of ulvan fractions was quantified by measuring levels of inflammatory-mediating signalling molecules released from LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 murine macrophages. All ulvan fractions showed no toxicity on RAW264.7 cells at concentrations below 100 μg mL-1 over 48 h. Secreted interleukin-10 and prostaglandin E2 demonstrated an anti-inflammatory effect by higher molecular weight ulvan fractions at 100 μg mL-1. To a lesser extent, these fractions also enhanced the LPS-induced inflammation through minor increases of IL-1β and IL-6. This study confirms that ulvan from U. ohnoi has a mild in vitro immunomodulatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel T Kidgell
- MACRO - The Centre for Macroalgal Resources and Biotechnology, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia.
| | | | - Marie Magnusson
- School of Science, University of Waikato, Tauranga, New Zealand
| | - George Vamvounis
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Ian M Sims
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Susan M Carnachan
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Simon F R Hinkley
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Andreas L Lopata
- Molecular Allergy Research Laboratory, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia; Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Rocky de Nys
- MACRO - The Centre for Macroalgal Resources and Biotechnology, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Aya C Taki
- Molecular Allergy Research Laboratory, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia; Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia; Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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22
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Pang X, Dong N, Zheng Z. Small Leucine-Rich Proteoglycans in Skin Wound Healing. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1649. [PMID: 32063855 PMCID: PMC6997777 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Healing of cutaneous wounds is a complex and well-coordinated process requiring cooperation among multiple cells from different lineages and delicately orchestrated signaling transduction of a diversity of growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular matrix (ECM) at the wound site. Most skin wound healing in adults is imperfect, characterized by scar formation which results in significant functional and psychological sequelae. Thus, the reconstruction of the damaged skin to its original state is of concern to doctors and scientists. Beyond the traditional treatments such as corticosteroid injection and radiation therapy, several growth factors or cytokines-based anti-scarring products are being or have been tested in clinical trials to optimize skin wound healing. Unfortunately, all have been unsatisfactory to date. Currently, accumulating evidence suggests that the ECM not only functions as the structural component of the tissue but also actively modulates signal transduction and regulates cellular behaviors, and thus, ECM should be considered as an alternative target for wound management pharmacotherapy. Of particular interest are small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs), a group of the ECM, which exist in a wide range of connecting tissues, including the skin. This manuscript summarizes the most current knowledge of SLRPs regarding their spatial-temporal expression in the skin, as well as lessons learned from the genetically modified animal models simulating human skin pathologies. In this review, particular focus is given on the diverse roles of SLRP in skin wound healing, such as anti-inflammation, pro-angiogenesis, pro-migration, pro-contraction, and orchestrate transforming growth factor (TGF)β signal transduction, since cumulative investigations have indicated their therapeutic potential on reducing scar formation in cutaneous wounds. By conducting this review, we intend to gain insight into the potential application of SLRPs in cutaneous wound healing management which may pave the way for the development of a new generation of pharmaceuticals to benefit the patients suffering from skin wounds and their sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Pang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Division of Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Nuo Dong
- Division of Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Zhong Zheng
- Division of Growth and Development, School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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Catoira MC, Fusaro L, Di Francesco D, Ramella M, Boccafoschi F. Overview of natural hydrogels for regenerative medicine applications. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2019; 30:115. [PMID: 31599365 PMCID: PMC6787111 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-019-6318-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 346] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels from different materials can be used in biomedical field as an innovative approach in regenerative medicine. Depending on the origin source, hydrogels can be synthetized through chemical and physical methods. Hydrogel can be characterized through several physical parameters, such as size, elastic modulus, swelling and degradation rate. Lately, research is focused on hydrogels derived from biologic materials. These hydrogels can be derived from protein polymers, such as collage, elastin, and polysaccharide polymers like glycosaminoglycans or alginate among others. Introduction of decellularized tissues into hydrogels synthesis displays several advantages compared to natural or synthetic based hydrogels. Preservation of natural molecules such as growth factors, glycans, bioactive cryptic peptides and natural proteins can promote cell growth, function, differentiation, angiogenesis, anti-angiogenesis, antimicrobial effects, and chemotactic effects. Versatility of hydrogels make possible multiple applications and combinations with several molecules on order to obtain the adequate characteristic for each scope. In this context, a lot of molecules such as cross link agents, drugs, grow factors or cells can be used. This review focuses on the recent progress of hydrogels synthesis and applications in order to classify the most recent and relevant matters in biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Calvo Catoira
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100, Novara, Italy
- Tissuegraft srl, 28100, Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune & Allergic Diseases - CAAD, Novara, 28100, Italy
| | - Luca Fusaro
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100, Novara, Italy
- Tissuegraft srl, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Dalila Di Francesco
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Boccafoschi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100, Novara, Italy.
- Tissuegraft srl, 28100, Novara, Italy.
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune & Allergic Diseases - CAAD, Novara, 28100, Italy.
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24
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Szenasi NL, Toth E, Balogh A, Juhasz K, Karaszi K, Ozohanics O, Gelencser Z, Kiraly P, Hargitai B, Drahos L, Hupuczi P, Kovalszky I, Papp Z, Than NG. Proteomic identification of membrane-associated placental protein 4 (MP4) as perlecan and characterization of its placental expression in normal and pathologic pregnancies. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6982. [PMID: 31259093 PMCID: PMC6589330 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background More than 50 human placental proteins were isolated and physico-chemically characterized in the 70–80s by Hans Bohn and co-workers. Many of these proteins turned to have important role in placental functions and diagnostic significance in pregnancy complications. Among these proteins was membrane-associated placental protein 4 (MP4), for which identity or function has not been identified yet. Our aim was to analyze the sequence and placental expression of this protein in normal and complicated pregnancies including miscarriage, preeclampsia and HELLP syndrome. Methods Lyophilized MP4 protein and frozen healthy placental tissue were analyzed using HPLC-MS/MS. Placental tissue samples were obtained from women with elective termination of pregnancy (first trimester controls, n = 31), early pregnancy loss (EPL) (n = 13), early preeclampsia without HELLP syndrome (n = 7) and with HELLP syndrome (n = 8), late preeclampsia (n = 8), third trimester early controls (n = 5) and third trimester late controls (n = 9). Tissue microarrays were constructed from paraffin-embedded placentas (n = 81). Slides were immunostained with monoclonal perlecan antibody and evaluated using light microscopy and virtual microscopy. Perlecan was also analyzed for its expression in placentas from normal pregnancies using microarray data. Results Mass spectrometry-based proteomics of MP4 resulted in the identification of basement membrane-specific heparan sulfate proteoglycan core protein also known as perlecan. Immunohistochemistry showed cytoplasmic perlecan localization in syncytiotrophoblast and cytotrophoblasts of the villi. Perlecan immunoscore decreased with gestational age in the placenta. Perlecan immunoscores were higher in EPL compared to controls. Perlecan immunoscores were higher in early preeclampsia without and with HELLP syndrome and lower in late preeclampsia than in respective controls. Among patients with preeclampsia, placental perlecan expression positively correlated with maternal vascular malperfusion and negatively correlated with placental weight. Conclusion Our findings suggest that an increased placental perlecan expression may be associated with hypoxic ischaemic injury of the placenta in miscarriages and in early preeclampsia with or without HELLP syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolett Lilla Szenasi
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Toth
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,MS Proteomics Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Balogh
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kata Juhasz
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Karaszi
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Oliver Ozohanics
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Gelencser
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Peter Kiraly
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beata Hargitai
- West Midlands Perinatal Pathology, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Laszlo Drahos
- MS Proteomics Research Group, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Petronella Hupuczi
- Maternity Private Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ilona Kovalszky
- First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltan Papp
- Maternity Private Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nandor Gabor Than
- Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,First Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.,Maternity Private Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Budapest, Hungary
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25
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Xing L, Sun F, Wang Z, Li Y, Yang Z, Wang F, Zhai G, Tan H. Characterization and bioactivity of self-assembled anti-angiogenic chondroitin sulfate-ES2-AF nanoparticle conjugate. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:2573-2589. [PMID: 31040673 PMCID: PMC6462165 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s195934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the past few years, significant progress has been made in inhibiting neovascularization at the tumor site, cutting off the nutrient supply of the tumor, and inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis. However, many proteins/peptides have the disadvantage of poor stability, short half-life, and uncertain targeting ability. Chemical modification can be used to overcome these disadvantages; many polyethylene glycol-modified proteins/peptides have been approved by US FDA. The purpose of this study was to obtain a novel anti-angiogenic chondroitin sulfate (CS)-peptide nanoparticle conjugate with efficient anti-neovascularization and tumor targeting ability and an acceptable half-life. Materials and methods The CS-ES2-AF nanoparticle conjugate was synthesized and characterized using 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and particle size and zeta potential analyzer. The anti-angiogenic ability was studied using MTT, migration, tube formation, and chick chorioallantoic membrane assays. The targeting ability of CS-ES2-AF was studied by ELISA, surface plasmon resonance, and bioimaging. The pharmacokinetics was also studied. Results The CS-ES2-AF could self-assemble into stable nanoparticles in aqueous solution, which significantly enhances its anti-neovascularization activity, tumor targeting more explicit, and prolongs its half-life. Conclusion CS is an effective protein/peptide modifier, and CS-ES2-AF displayed good potential in tumor targeting therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xing
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China, .,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China,
| | - Feng Sun
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China, .,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China,
| | - Zhendong Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China, .,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China,
| | - Yan Li
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China, .,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China,
| | - Zhifang Yang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China, .,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China,
| | - Fengshan Wang
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China, .,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China,
| | - Guangxi Zhai
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China,
| | - Haining Tan
- National Glycoengineering Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China, .,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Glycobiology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, People's Republic of China,
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26
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Sanei MH, Mirmosayyeb O, Chehrei A, Ansari J, Saberi E. 5-Year Survival in Gastric Adenocarcinoma with Epithelial and Stromal Versican Expression. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 14:26-32. [PMID: 31531098 PMCID: PMC6708571 DOI: 10.30699/ijp.14.1.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Background & Objective Gastric cancer is the second most frequent cause of cancer death worldwide, despite dif- ferences in incidence around the world. The majority of gastric cancer cases concern gastric adenocarcinoma, which has a fairly high 5-year survival rate when coupled with early-stage diagnosis. Versican, a member of the aggregating chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans family, is accumulated predominantly in the tumor stroma. The aim of our study was to investigate versican expression in gastric adenocarcinoma. Methods In this study we investigated 80 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma who underwent gastrectomy. Each sample was obtained from paraffin-embedded resected specimens of the stomach after histopathological diagnosis. Patient follow-up was performed every 3 months after the beginning of data collection. Survival analysis was calcu- lated using the Kaplan-Meier method for univariate analysis. Results Out of 80 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma, 76 cases (76.3%males and 23.7% females) completed the follow-up period. Positive versican expression in tumor epithelial and stromal cells was found in 39.5% and 22.4% of tumors, respectively. Shorter survival was observed among patients whose gastric adenocarcinoma expressed epithelial or stromal versican. Conclusion In summary, the present study suggests that versican is likely a prognostic biomarker that predicts a poor outcome in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. Comprehensive studies with larger sample sizes are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Omid Mirmosayyeb
- Students' Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Chehrei
- Pars Medical Laboratory, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Jamshid Ansari
- Dept. of Radiotherapy, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Elahe Saberi
- Dept. of Pathology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Guruswamy Damodaran R, Vermette P. Tissue and organ decellularization in regenerative medicine. Biotechnol Prog 2018; 34:1494-1505. [PMID: 30294883 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The advancement and improvement in decellularization methods can be attributed to the increasing demand for tissues and organs for transplantation. Decellularized tissues and organs, which are free of cells and genetic materials while retaining the complex ultrastructure of the extracellular matrix (ECM), can serve as scaffolds to subsequently embed cells for transplantation. They have the potential to mimic the native physiology of the targeted anatomic site. ECM from different tissues and organs harvested from various sources have been applied. Many techniques are currently involved in the decellularization process, which come along with their own advantages and disadvantages. This review focuses on recent developments in decellularization methods, the importance and nature of detergents used for decellularization, as well as on the role of the ECM either as merely a physical support or as a scaffold in retaining and providing cues for cell survival, differentiation and homeostasis. In addition, application, status, and perspectives on commercialization of bioproducts derived from decellularized tissues and organs are addressed. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:1494-1505, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Guruswamy Damodaran
- Laboratoire de bio-ingénierie et de biophysique de l'Université de Sherbrooke, Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada.,Pharmacology Institute of Sherbrooke, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, 3001 12ième Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H 5N4, Canada.,Research Centre on Aging, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Sherbrooke, 1036 rue Belvédère Sud, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H 4C4, Canada
| | - Patrick Vermette
- Laboratoire de bio-ingénierie et de biophysique de l'Université de Sherbrooke, Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC, J1K 2R1, Canada.,Pharmacology Institute of Sherbrooke, Faculté de médecine et des sciences de la santé, 3001 12ième Avenue Nord, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H 5N4, Canada.,Research Centre on Aging, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Sherbrooke, 1036 rue Belvédère Sud, Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H 4C4, Canada
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28
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Ndeh D, Munoz Munoz J, Cartmell A, Bulmer D, Wills C, Henrissat B, Gray J. The human gut microbe Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron encodes the founding member of a novel glycosaminoglycan-degrading polysaccharide lyase family PL29. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:17906-17916. [PMID: 30262663 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and GAG-degrading enzymes have wide-ranging applications in the medical and biotechnological industries. The former are also an important nutrient source for select species of the human gut microbiota (HGM), a key player in host-microbial interactions. How GAGs are metabolized by the HGM is therefore of interest and has been extensively investigated in the model human gut microbe Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. The presence of as-yet uncharacterized GAG-inducible genes in its genome and of related species, however, is testament to our incomplete understanding of this process. Nevertheless, it presents a potential opportunity for the discovery of additional GAG-degrading enzymes. Here, we investigated a gene of unknown function (BT_3328) from the chondroitin sulfate (CS) utilization locus of B. thetaiotaomicron NMR and UV spectroscopic assays revealed that it encodes a novel polysaccharide lyase (PL), hereafter referred to as BtCDH, reflecting its source (B. thetaiotaomicron (Bt)) and its ability to degrade the GAGs CS, dermatan sulfate (DS), and hyaluronic acid (HA). When incubated with HA, BtCDH generated a series of unsaturated HA sugars, including Δ4,5UA-GlcNAc, Δ4,5UA-GlcNAc-GlcA-GlcNac, Δ4,5UA-[GlcNAc-GlcA]2-GlcNac, and Δ4,5UA-[GlcNAc-GlcA]3-GlcNac, as end products and hence was classed as endo-acting. A combination of genetic and biochemical assays revealed that BtCDH localizes to the cell surface of B. thetaiotaomicron where it enables extracellular GAG degradation. BtCDH homologs were also detected in several other HGM species, and we therefore propose that it represents the founding member of a new polysaccharide lyase family (PL29). The current discovery also contributes new insights into CS metabolism by the HGM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didier Ndeh
- From the Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom.
| | - Jose Munoz Munoz
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Cartmell
- From the Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - David Bulmer
- From the Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom; Bio-Imaging Unit, William Leech Building, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Corinne Wills
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Bedson Building, King's Road, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
| | - Bernard Henrissat
- Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, F-13288 Marseille, France; USC1408 Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, F-13288 Marseille, France; Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, 23218 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joseph Gray
- From the Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
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29
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Wood CR, Al Delfi IRT, Innes JF, Myint P, Johnson WEB. Exposing mesenchymal stem cells to chondroitin sulphated proteoglycans reduces their angiogenic and neuro-adhesive paracrine activity. Biochimie 2018; 155:26-36. [PMID: 29680669 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The multifactorial complexity of spinal cord injuries includes the formation of a glial scar, of which chondroitin sulphated proteoglycans (CSPG) are an integral component. Previous studies have shown CSPG to have inhibitory effects on endothelial and neuronal cell growth, highlighting the difficulty of spinal cord regeneration. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are widely used as a cell therapy, and there is mounting evidence for their angiogenic and neurotrophic paracrine properties. However, in vivo studies have observed poor engraftment and survival of MSC when injected into SCI. Currently, it is not known whether increasing CSPG concentrations seen after SCI may affect MSC; therefore we have investigated the effects of CSPG exposure to MSC in vitro. CSPG-mediated inhibition of MSC adhesion was observed when MSC were cultured on substrates of increasing CSPG concentration, however MSC viability was not affected even up to five days of culture. Culture conditioned medium harvested from these cultures (primed MSC CM) was used as both culture substrata and soluble medium for EA.hy926 endothelial cells and SH-SY5Y neuronal cells. MSC CM was angiogenic, promoting endothelial cell adhesion, proliferation and tubule formation. However, exposing MSC to CSPG reduced the effects of CSPG-primed MSC CM on endothelial cell adhesion and proliferation, but did not reduce MSC-induced endothelial tubule formation. Primed MSC CM also promoted neuronal cell adhesion, which was reduced following exposure to CSPG. There were no marked differences in neurite outgrowth in MSC CM from CSPG primed MSC cultures versus control conditions, although non-primed MSC CM from the same donors was found to significantly enhance neurite outgrowth. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that MSC are resilient to CSPG exposure, but that there is a marked effect of CSPG on their paracrine regenerative activity. The findings increase our understanding of how the wound microenvironment after SCI can mitigate the beneficial effects of MSC transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea R Wood
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Life Sciences, University of Chester, Parkgate Road, Chester, CH1 4BJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Ibtesam R T Al Delfi
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - John F Innes
- Veterinary Tissue Bank Ltd, Brynkinalt Business Centre, Wrexham, LL14 5NS, United Kingdom.
| | - Peter Myint
- Veterinary Tissue Bank Ltd, Brynkinalt Business Centre, Wrexham, LL14 5NS, United Kingdom.
| | - William E B Johnson
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Life Sciences, University of Chester, Parkgate Road, Chester, CH1 4BJ, United Kingdom.
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MicroRNA-26b inhibits tumor metastasis by targeting the KPNA2/c-jun pathway in human gastric cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:39511-39526. [PMID: 27078844 PMCID: PMC5129949 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) play an important role in carcinogenesis. Previously, we identified miR-26b as a significantly downregulated miRNA in gastric cancer (GC) tissues (n = 106) based on differential quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) miRNA expression profiles. In the current study, we aimed to clarify the potential role of miR-26b and related target genes in GC progression. Downregulation of miR-26b was associated with advanced tumor-node-metastasis stage (TNM stage) and poor 5-year survival rate. Forced expression of miR-26b led to inhibition of GC cell migration and invasion in vitro and lung metastasis formation in vivo. Conversely, depletion of miR-26b had stimulatory effects. Additionally, miR-26b affected GC cell behavior through negative regulation of the metastasis promoter, karyopherin alpha 2 (KPNA2). Ectopic expression of miR-26b induced a reduction in KPNA2 protein levels, confirmed by luciferase assay data showing that miR-26b directly binds to the 3' untranslated regions (UTR) of KPNA2 mRNA. Furthermore, miR-26b and KPNA2 mRNA/protein expression patterns were inversely correlated in GC tissues. Cag A of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) enhanced miR-26b levels through regulation of the KPNA2/c-jun pathway. Taken together, our data indicate that miR-26b plays an anti-metastatic role and is downregulated in GC tissues via the KPNA2/c-jun pathway. Based on the study findings, we propose that miR-26b overexpression or KPNA2/c-jun suppression may have therapeutic potential in inhibiting GC metastasis.
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31
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Evaluation of the associations between endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and coagulation in Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever patients. Arch Virol 2017; 163:609-616. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3653-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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32
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Huang YJ, Schiapparelli P, Kozielski K, Green J, Lavell E, Guerrero-Cazares H, Quinones-Hinojosa A, Searson P. Electrophoresis of cell membrane heparan sulfate regulates galvanotaxis in glial cells. J Cell Sci 2017; 130:2459-2467. [PMID: 28596239 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.203752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous electric fields modulate many physiological processes by promoting directional migration, a process known as galvanotaxis. Despite the importance of galvanotaxis in development and disease, the mechanism by which cells sense and migrate directionally in an electric field remains unknown. Here, we show that electrophoresis of cell surface heparan sulfate (HS) critically regulates this process. HS was found to be localized at the anode-facing side in fetal neural progenitor cells (fNPCs), fNPC-derived astrocytes and brain tumor-initiating cells (BTICs), regardless of their direction of galvanotaxis. Enzymatic removal of HS and other sulfated glycosaminoglycans significantly abolished or reversed the cathodic response seen in fNPCs and BTICs. Furthermore, Slit2, a chemorepulsive ligand, was identified to be colocalized with HS in forming a ligand gradient across cellular membranes. Using both imaging and genetic modification, we propose a novel mechanism for galvanotaxis in which electrophoretic localization of HS establishes cell polarity by functioning as a co-receptor and provides repulsive guidance through Slit-Robo signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ja Huang
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Paula Schiapparelli
- Department of Neurosurgery and Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Kristen Kozielski
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Jordan Green
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Emily Lavell
- Department of Neurosurgery and Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Hugo Guerrero-Cazares
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery and Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Alfredo Quinones-Hinojosa
- Department of Neurosurgery and Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Peter Searson
- Institute for Nanobiotechnology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA .,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
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Papy-Garcia D, Albanese P. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans as key regulators of the mesenchymal niche of hematopoietic stem cells. Glycoconj J 2017; 34:377-391. [PMID: 28577070 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-017-9773-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The complex microenvironment that surrounds hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in the bone marrow niche involves different coordinated signaling pathways. The stem cells establish permanent interactions with distinct cell types such as mesenchymal stromal cells, osteoblasts, osteoclasts or endothelial cells and with secreted regulators such as growth factors, cytokines, chemokines and their receptors. These interactions are mediated through adhesion to extracellular matrix compounds also. All these signaling pathways are important for stem cell fates such as self-renewal, proliferation or differentiation, homing and mobilization, as well as for remodeling of the niche. Among these complex molecular cues, this review focuses on heparan sulfate (HS) structures and functions and on the role of enzymes involved in their biosynthesis and turnover. HS associated to core protein, constitute the superfamily of heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) present on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix of all tissues. The key regulatory effects of major medullar HSPGs are described, focusing on their roles in the interactions between hematopoietic stem cells and their endosteal niche, and on their ability to interact with Heparin Binding Proteins (HBPs). Finally, according to the relevance of HS moieties effects on this complex medullar niche, we describe recent data that identify HS mimetics or sulfated HS signatures as new glycanic tools and targets, respectively, for hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cell based therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce Papy-Garcia
- CRRET Laboratory, Université Paris Est, EA 4397 Université Paris Est Créteil, ERL CNRS 9215, F-94010, Créteil, France
| | - Patricia Albanese
- CRRET Laboratory, Université Paris Est, EA 4397 Université Paris Est Créteil, ERL CNRS 9215, F-94010, Créteil, France.
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Esenyel CZ, Tekin C, Çakar M, Bayraktar K, Saygili S, Esenyel M, Tekin ZN. Surgical treatment of the neglected achilles tendon rupture with Hyalonect. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 2016; 104:434-43. [PMID: 25275730 DOI: 10.7547/0003-0538-104.5.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to report the management and outcomes of ten patients with chronic Achilles tendon rupture treated with a turndown gastrocnemius-soleus fascial flap wrapped with a surgical mesh (Hyalonect). METHODS Ten men with neglected Achilles tendon rupture were treated with a centrally based turndown gastrocnemius fascial flap wrapped with Hyalonect. Hyalonect is a knitted mesh composed of HYAFF, a benzyl ester of hyaluronic acid. The Achilles tendon ruptures were diagnosed more than 1 month after injury. The mean patient age was 41 years. All of the patients had weakness of active plantarflexion. The mean preoperative American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score was 64.8. RESULTS The functional outcome was excellent. The mean American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score was 97.8 at the latest follow-up. There were significant differences between the preoperative and postoperative scores. Ankle range of motion was similar in both ankles. Neither rerupture nor major complication, particularly of wound healing, was observed. CONCLUSIONS For patients with chronic Achilles tendon rupture with a rupture gap of at least 5 cm, surgical repair using a single turndown fascial flap covered with Hyalonect achieved excellent outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem Zeki Esenyel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Okmeydani Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cagri Tekin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Okmeydani Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Çakar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Okmeydani Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kursat Bayraktar
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Okmeydani Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selcuk Saygili
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology, Okmeydani Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meltem Esenyel
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Medeniyet University, Göztepe Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep N. Tekin
- Department of Radiology, Darica Farabi Government Hospital, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Sadikoglu TB, Nalbantgil D, Ulkur F, Ulas N. Effect of hyaluronic acid on bone formation in the expanded interpremaxillary suture in rats. Orthod Craniofac Res 2016; 19:154-61. [PMID: 27132627 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the histomorphometric effects of different molecular weight hyaluronic acid on bone formation in rats after expansion of the interpremaxillary suture. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-four male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups. Each group was subjected to expansion for 5 days and retention for 10 days. Group 1 received 50 μl of high molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HMWHA), group 2 received 50 μl of low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (LMWHA), and the control group received same amount of saline solution to the interpremaxillary suture. Ten days after injection, the rats were killed and their maxillas dissected. For the histomorphometric evaluation, blocks were serially sectioned at 10-μm intervals. Sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and evaluated with image analysis software. Bone area (μm²) (BA), bone perimeter of suture borders (μm) (BP), and ratio of osteoblast cells and capillary cells to BA and BP parameters were evaluated. RESULTS HMWHA showed a statistically higher ratio of osteoblast and capillary cell scores compared with the LMWHA and control groups (p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in between LMWHA and control groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Local injection of HMWHA in the interpremaxillary suture after rapid maxillary expansion stimulated new bone formation, which may shorten the retention period and may reduce the risk of relapse. LMWHA has no effect on bone formation in interpremaxillary suture.
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Affiliation(s)
- T B Sadikoglu
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - D Nalbantgil
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - F Ulkur
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - N Ulas
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Mermerkaya MU, Doral MN, Karaaslan F, Huri G, Karacavuş S, Kaymaz B, Alkan E. Scintigraphic evaluation of the osteoblastic activity of rabbit tibial defects after HYAFF11 membrane application. J Orthop Surg Res 2016; 11:57. [PMID: 27142755 PMCID: PMC4855359 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-016-0393-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background An unfavorable condition for bone healing is the presence of bone defects. Under such conditions, a material can play a role to cover fractured or defective bone. Technological advances now allow for the use of such material. Hyalonect® (Fidia Advanced Biopolymers SLR, Italy), a novel membrane comprising knitted fibers of esterified hyaluronan (HYAFF11) can be used to cover fractured or grafted bone and can also serve as a scaffold to keep osteoprogenitor cells in place. The aim of this study was to compare osteoblastic activity by the use of scintigraphic methods in defective rabbit tibias during early-phase bone healing with or without a hyaluronan-based mesh. Methods Two groups (A and B) of New Zealand albino rabbits were used; each group included 10 animals. Operations on all rabbits were performed under general anesthesia. We also resected 10-mm bone segments from each animal’s tibial diaphysis. After resection, tibias with defects were fixed using Kirschner wires. In group A, no hyaluronan-based mesh was used. In group B, tibial segmental defects were enclosed with a hyaluronan-based mesh. The rabbits were followed up for 4 weeks postoperatively, after which bone scintigraphic studies were performed on each animal to detect and compare osteoblastic activity. Results The mean count in the fracture side of the hyaluronan-based mesh group was significantly higher compared to that of the group A (p = 0.019). However, there was no significant difference between group B and control rabbits with respect to the mean count on the intact bone side (p = 0.437). The bone defect (fracture)/intact bone mean count ratio was significantly higher in group B compared to group A (p = 0.008). Conclusions A hyaluronan-based mesh plays a role in promoting osteoblastic activity. Hyalonect® is suitable for restoring tissue continuity whenever the periosteal membrane is structurally impaired or inadequate. Our results demonstrated that, during early-phase bone healing, osteoblastic activity was increased in bone defect sites when a hyaluronan-based mesh was also used. The most important aspect of this study concerns its scintigraphy-based design. This study is the first to use a scintigraphic method to demonstrate the effectiveness of hyaluronic acid-based material for bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa Uğur Mermerkaya
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical School, Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey.
| | - Mahmut Nedim Doral
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical School, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatih Karaaslan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical School, Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Gazi Huri
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical School, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seyhan Karacavuş
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical School, Bozok University, Yozgat, Turkey
| | - Burak Kaymaz
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical School, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
| | - Erkan Alkan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Yalvaç State Hospital, Isparta, Turkey
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Kang Y, Roife D, Lee Y, Lv H, Suzuki R, Ling J, Rios Perez MV, Li X, Dai B, Pratt M, Truty MJ, Chatterjee D, Wang H, Thomas RM, Wang Y, Koay EJ, Chiao PJ, Katz MH, Fleming JB. Transforming Growth Factor-β Limits Secretion of Lumican by Activated Stellate Cells within Primary Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:4934-4946. [PMID: 27126993 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-2780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is lethal cancer whose primary tumor is characterized by dense composition of cancer cells, stromal cells, and extracellular matrix (ECM) composed largely of collagen. Within the PDAC tumor microenvironment, activated pancreatic stellate cells (PSC) are the dominant stromal cell type and responsible for collagen deposition. Lumican is a secreted proteoglycan that regulates collagen fibril assembly. We have previously identified that the presence of lumican in the ECM surrounding PDAC cells is associated with improved patient outcome after multimodal therapy and surgical removal of localized PDAC. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Lumican expression in PDAC from 27 patients was determined by IHC and quantitatively analyzed for colocalization with PSCs. In vitro studies examined the molecular mechanisms of lumican transcription and secretion from PSCs (HPSCs and HPaSteC), and cell adhesion and migration assays examined the effect of lumican on PSCs in a collagen-rich environment. RESULTS Here we identify PSCs as a significant source of extracellular lumican production through quantitative IHC analysis. We demonstrate that the cytokine, TGF-β, negatively regulates lumican gene transcription within HPSCs through its canonical signaling pathway and binding of SMAD4 to novel SBEs identified within the promoter region. In addition, we found that the ability of HPSCs to produce and secrete extracellular lumican significantly enhances HPSCs adhesion and mobility on collagen. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that activated pancreatic stellate cells within PDAC secrete lumican under the negative control of TGF-β; once secreted, the extracellular lumican enhances stellate cell adhesion and mobility in a collagen-rich environment. Clin Cancer Res; 22(19); 4934-46. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya'an Kang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - David Roife
- Department of General Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Yeonju Lee
- Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hailong Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Xinjiang, China
| | - Rei Suzuki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Rheumatology, The Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Jianhua Ling
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mayrim V Rios Perez
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Xinqun Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - BingBing Dai
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Michael Pratt
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mark J Truty
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Deyali Chatterjee
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Huamin Wang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ryan M Thomas
- Department of General Surgery, The University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Yu Wang
- Neurodiagnostics Laboratory, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas
| | - Eugene J Koay
- Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Paul J Chiao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Matthew H Katz
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jason B Fleming
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
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Apostolova P, Zeiser R. The role of danger signals and ectonucleotidases in acute graft-versus-host disease. Hum Immunol 2016; 77:1037-1047. [PMID: 26902992 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) represents the only curative treatment approach for many patients with benign or malignant diseases of the hematopoietic system. However, post-transplant morbidity and mortality are significantly increased by the development of acute graft-versus-host disease (GvHD). While alloreactive T cells act as the main cellular mediator of the GvH reaction, recent evidence suggests a critical role of the innate immune system in the early stages of GvHD initiation. Danger-associated molecular patterns released from the intracellular space as well as from the extracellular matrix activate antigen-presenting cells and set pro-inflammatory pathways in motion. This review gives an overview about danger signals representing therapeutic targets with a clinical perspective with a particular focus on extracellular nucleotides and ectonucleotidases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petya Apostolova
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Robert Zeiser
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Freiburg University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany.
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Aydos SE, Yukselten Y, Sunguroglu A, Demircan K, Aydos K. Role of ADAMTS1 and ADAMTS5 in male infertility. Andrologia 2016; 48:1113-1119. [PMID: 26888488 DOI: 10.1111/and.12547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of infertility with metalloproteinases ADAMTS1 and ADAMTS5, which are known to be responsible for the degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins associated with many diseases. ECM is the noncellular component that provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells required for tissue morphogenesis, differentiation and homoeostasis. Sixty infertile individuals and 10 healthy semen donors were included in this study. The infertile individuals were classified as normozoospermia (NS; n = 20), oligozoospermia (OS; n = 20), azoospermia (AS; n = 20) groups. ADAMTS1 and ADAMTS5 protein levels in semen were analysed by Western blot. ADAMTS1 protein level was 3.0-, 3.3- and 1.6-fold lower in the OS, AS and NS groups, respectively, than in the control group (P < 0.001). ADAMTS5 protein level was 3.2-, 2.7- and 1.4-fold lower in the OS, AS and NS groups, respectively, than in the control group (P < 0.001). Sperm count and sperm motility showed a negative correlation with the levels of ADAMTS1 and ADAMTS5 protein expression: r = -0.477, r = -0.470; and r = -0.332, r = -0.275 respectively (P < 0.001). In conclusion, ADAMTS1 and ADAMTS5 protein expressions in semen are significantly related with sperm production. It is very important to understand molecular function and organisation of ADAMTSs which will be significant in enlightening the process of spermatogenesis in male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Aydos
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Y Yukselten
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - A Sunguroglu
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - K Demircan
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Turgut Ozal University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - K Aydos
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Stabler CT, Lecht S, Mondrinos MJ, Goulart E, Lazarovici P, Lelkes PI. Revascularization of decellularized lung scaffolds: principles and progress. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2015; 309:L1273-85. [PMID: 26408553 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00237.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a clear unmet clinical need for novel biotechnology-based therapeutic approaches to lung repair and/or replacement, such as tissue engineering of whole bioengineered lungs. Recent studies have demonstrated the feasibility of decellularizing the whole organ by removal of all its cellular components, thus leaving behind the extracellular matrix as a complex three-dimensional (3D) biomimetic scaffold. Implantation of decellularized lung scaffolds (DLS), which were recellularized with patient-specific lung (progenitor) cells, is deemed the ultimate alternative to lung transplantation. Preclinical studies demonstrated that, upon implantation in rodent models, bioengineered lungs that were recellularized with airway and vascular cells were capable of gas exchange for up to 14 days. However, the long-term applicability of this concept is thwarted in part by the failure of current approaches to reconstruct a physiologically functional, quiescent endothelium lining the entire vascular tree of reseeded lung scaffolds, as inferred from the occurrence of hemorrhage into the airway compartment and thrombosis in the vasculature in vivo. In this review, we explore the idea that successful whole lung bioengineering will critically depend on 1) preserving and/or reestablishing the integrity of the subendothelial basement membrane, especially of the ultrathin respiratory membrane separating airways and capillaries, during and following decellularization and 2) restoring vascular physiological functionality including the barrier function and quiescence of the endothelial lining following reseeding of the vascular compartment. We posit that physiological reconstitution of the pulmonary vascular tree in its entirety will significantly promote the clinical translation of the next generation of bioengineered whole lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Collin T Stabler
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Shimon Lecht
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mark J Mondrinos
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ernesto Goulart
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; and
| | - Philip Lazarovici
- Institute for Drug Research, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Peter I Lelkes
- Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania;
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Yang C, Fischer-Kešo R, Schlechter T, Ströbel P, Marx A, Hofmann I. Plakophilin 1-deficient cells upregulate SPOCK1: implications for prostate cancer progression. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:9567-77. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3628-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Gutierrez P, O'Brien KD, Ferguson M, Nikkari ST, Alpers CE, Wight TN. Differences in the distribution of versican, decorin, and biglycan in atherosclerotic human coronary arteries. Cardiovasc Pathol 2015; 6:271-8. [PMID: 25989722 DOI: 10.1016/s1054-8807(97)00001-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The distributions of versican, biglycan, and decorin have been examined in segments of normal and atherosclerotic human coronary arteries using antibodies directed against the core proteins of these macromolecules. Versican immunostaining was prominent throughout the extracellular matrix (ECM) in regions of the vessels that contained abundant smooth-muscle cells, such as in diffuse intimal thickenings, fibrous caps, and in zones of loose, myxoid connective tissue. Versican also was present in smooth-muscle-rich thrombi and at borders of the lipid-rich cores of advanced atherosclerotic lesions. Biglycan immunostaining was observed in diffuse intimal thickenings, fibrous caps, and myxoid areas, but, unlike versican, it was abundant in the lipid-rich core of advanced plaques. However, biglycan immunostaining was absent in smooth-muscle cell-enriched thrombi. Decorin immunostaining paralleled biglycan immunostaining except that it was conspicuously absent in the myxoid areas of the plaque and markedly reduced in diffuse intimal thickenings. Both biglycan and decorin immunostaining were consistently associated with some of the microvessels in the thrombi and in advanced atherosclerotic plaques. Taken together, these results indicate that specific proteoglycans distribute to topographically defined regions of normal and atherosclerotic human coronary arteries and that these different distributions may indicate a diversity of functions in normal and pathologic processes of the arterial wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gutierrez
- Coracao Institute, Hospital das Clinicas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - K D O'Brien
- Medicine (Cardiology), University of Washington, Seattle, Washington USA
| | - M Ferguson
- Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington USA
| | - S T Nikkari
- Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington USA
| | - C E Alpers
- Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington USA
| | - T N Wight
- Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington USA
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Rio E, Moseley L, Purdam C, Samiric T, Kidgell D, Pearce AJ, Jaberzadeh S, Cook J. The Pain of Tendinopathy: Physiological or Pathophysiological? Sports Med 2013; 44:9-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s40279-013-0096-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Schmidt R, Wirtala J. Modification of Movat Pentachrome Stain with Improved Reliability of Elastin Staining. J Histotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/his.1996.19.4.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Investigation of the relationship between chromobox homolog 8 and nucleus pulposus cells degeneration in rat intervertebral disc. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2013; 49:279-86. [PMID: 23572236 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-013-9596-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Here, we aimed to investigate the expression of chromobox homolog 8 (CBX8) in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells from rat intervertebral disc (IVD) and its function in DNA damage and repair. NP cells were isolated from healthy rat IVD for immunohistochemistry staining. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) of CBX8 was applied for gene silencing, and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to determine mRNA levels of CBX8, type II collagen, and proteoglycans. Cell proliferation and cell cycle were evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, colony-forming assay, and flow cytometry. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was added to simulate DNA oxidative damage, and expression of CBX8 was examined using RT-PCR and Western blot. After five passages, mRNA levels of type II collagen and proteoglycans decreased but that of CBX8 increased. When CBX8 was silenced by siRNA, the expressions of CBX8, type II collagen and proteoglycans declined, and the cell growth was inhibited. Besides, cell cycle was slowed down as most cells were arrest in G0/G1 phase. Furthermore, CBX8 expression went up responding to DNA oxidative damage caused by H2O2. The data indicated that CBX8 plays important roles in cell proliferation and DNA damage. Cell proliferation and cell cycle were stimulated by CBX8, which may be associated with INK4A-ARF pathway. Moreover, CBX8 plays a role in DNA damage which made it a potential gene therapy target for treatment of disc degeneration.
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Lin K, Kasko AM. Effect of branching density on avidity of hyperbranched glycomimetics for mannose binding lectin. Biomacromolecules 2013. [PMID: 23205949 DOI: 10.1021/bm3015285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hyperbranched glycopolymers containing mannose units in the branch point were synthesized through the copolymerization of a mannose inimer and mannose acrylate via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Incorporating a saccharide residue at the branch point results in a closer analogue to natural branched polysaccharides. Gel permeation chromatography characterization of the polymers qualitatively indicates branching in samples from polymerizations utilizing the mannose inimer. Deprotection of the acetate protecting groups from the hyperbranched mannose polymers yields water-soluble polymers that interact with mannose binding lectin (MBL), a key protein of the innate immunity complement system. MBL interaction increases with increasing polymer molecular weight and increasing branching density. Notably, incorporating mannose into the branching repeat unit also increases the interaction of the glycopolymers with MBL compared with glycopolymers with the same branching density but with no mannose at the branch point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Lin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, 410 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1600, United States
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Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are a major component of the glial scar that contributes to the limited regeneration of the CNS after axonal injury. However, the intracellular mechanisms that mediate the effects of CSPGs are not fully understood. Here we show that axonal growth inhibition mediated by CSPGs requires intra-axonal protein synthesis. Application of CSPGs to postnatal rat dorsal root ganglia axons results in an increase in the axonal levels of phosphorylated 4E-BP1, a marker of increased protein translation. Axons grown in media containing CSPGs exhibit markedly reduced growth rates, which can be restored by the selective application of protein synthesis inhibitors to distal axons. We show that these axons contain transcripts encoding RhoA, a regulator of the cytoskeleton that is commonly used by the signaling pathways activated by many inhibitors of axon growth. We also show that selective application of CSPGs to axons results in increased intra-axonal synthesis of RhoA and that depletion of RhoA transcripts from axons results in enhanced growth of axons in the presence of CSPGs. These data identify local translation as an effector pathway of CSPGs and demonstrate that local translation of RhoA contributes to the axon growth inhibitory effect of CSPGs.
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Akgul Y, Holt R, Mummert M, Word A, Mahendroo M. Dynamic changes in cervical glycosaminoglycan composition during normal pregnancy and preterm birth. Endocrinology 2012; 153:3493-503. [PMID: 22529214 PMCID: PMC3380303 DOI: 10.1210/en.2011-1950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) have diverse functions that regulate macromolecular assembly in the extracellular matrix. During pregnancy, the rigid cervix transforms to a pliable structure to allow birth. Quantitative assessment of cervical GAG is a prerequisite to identify GAG functions in term and preterm birth. In the current study, total GAG levels increased at term, yet the abundance, chain length, and sulfation levels of sulfated GAG remained constant. The increase in total GAG resulted exclusively from an increase in hyaluronan (HA). HA can form large structures that promote increased viscosity, hydration, and matrix disorganization as well as small structures that have roles in inflammation. HA levels increased from 19% of total GAG in early pregnancy to 71% at term. Activity of the HA-metabolizing enzyme, hyaluronidase, increased in labor, resulting in metabolism of large to small HA. Similar to mice, HA transitions from high to low molecular weight in term human cervix. Mouse preterm models were also characterized by an increase in HA resulting from differential expression of the HA synthase (Has) genes, with increased Has1 in preterm in contrast to Has2 induction at term. The Has2 gene but not Has1 is regulated in part by estrogen. These studies identify a shift in sulfated GAG dominance in the early pregnant cervix to HA dominance in term and preterm ripening. Increased HA synthesis along with hyaluronidase-induced changes in HA size in mice and women suggest diverse contributions of HA to macromolecular changes in the extracellular matrix, resulting in loss of tensile strength during parturition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucel Akgul
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas Texas 75390-9032, USA
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Choi I, Yeo WS. Self-Assembled Monolayers with Dynamicity Stemming from (Bio)Chemical Conversions: From Construction to Application. Chemphyschem 2012; 14:55-69. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201200293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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