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Chen Q, Zhang M, Liu Y, Liu W, Peng C, Zheng L. Sulfated Polysaccharides with Anticoagulant Potential: A Review Focusing on Structure-Activity Relationship and Action Mechanism. Chem Biodivers 2024:e202400152. [PMID: 38600639 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Thromboembolism is the culprit of cardiovascular diseases, leading to the highest global mortality rate. Anticoagulation emerges as the primary approach for managing thrombotic conditions. Notably, sulfated polysaccharides exhibit favorable anticoagulant efficacy with reduced side effects. This review focuses on the structure-anticoagulant activity relationship of sulfated polysaccharides and the underlying action mechanisms. It is concluded that chlorosulfonicacid-pyridine method serves as the preferred technique to synthesize sulfated polysaccharides. The anticoagulant activity of sulfated polysaccharides is linked to the substitution site of sulfate groups, degree of substitution, molecular weight, main side chain structure, and glycosidic bond conformation. Moreover, sulfated polysaccharides exert anticoagulant activity via various pathways, including the inhibition of blood coagulation factors, activation of antithrombin III and heparin cofactor II, antiplatelet aggregation, and promotion of the fibrinolytic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianfeng Chen
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, Jiangsu, 215500, China
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China
| | - Mengjiao Zhang
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, Jiangsu, 215500, China
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225000, China
| | - Yue Liu
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315000, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, Jiangsu, 215500, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, Jiangsu, 215500, China
| | - Lixue Zheng
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, Jiangsu, 215500, China
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Maurya AK, Ahmed HA, DeWitt A, Shami AA, Misra SK, Pomin VH. Structure and Binding Properties to Blood Co-Factors of the Least Sulfated Galactan Found in the Cell Wall of the Red Alga Botryocladia occidentalis. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:81. [PMID: 38393052 PMCID: PMC10890634 DOI: 10.3390/md22020081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Three different populations of sulfated polysaccharides can be found in the cell wall of the red alga Botryocladia occidentalis. In a previous work, the structures of the two more sulfated polysaccharides were revised. In this work, NMR-based structural analysis was performed on the least sulfated polysaccharide and its chemically modified derivatives. Results have revealed the presence of both 4-linked α- and 3-linked β-galactose units having the following chemical features: more than half of the total galactose units are not sulfated, the α-units occur primarily as 3,6-anhydrogalactose units either 2-O-methylated or 2-O-sulfated, and the β-galactose units can be 4-O-sulfated or 2,4-O-disulfated. SPR-based results indicated weaker binding of the least sulfated galactan to thrombin, factor Xa, and antithrombin, but stronger binding to heparin cofactor II than unfractionated heparin. This report together with our previous publication completes the structural characterization of the three polysaccharides found in the cell wall of the red alga B. occidentalis and correlates the impact of their composing chemical groups with the levels of interaction with the blood co-factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antim K. Maurya
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (A.K.M.)
| | - Hoda Al. Ahmed
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (A.K.M.)
| | - Anderson DeWitt
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (A.K.M.)
| | - Anter A. Shami
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (A.K.M.)
| | - Sandeep K. Misra
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (A.K.M.)
| | - Vitor H. Pomin
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA; (A.K.M.)
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA
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Maurya AK, Sharma P, Samanta P, Shami AA, Misra SK, Zhang F, Thara R, Kumar D, Shi D, Linhardt RJ, Sharp JS, Doerksen RJ, Tandon R, Pomin VH. Structure, anti-SARS-CoV-2, and anticoagulant effects of two sulfated galactans from the red alga Botryocladia occidentalis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 238:124168. [PMID: 36963552 PMCID: PMC10175164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023]
Abstract
The structure of the sulfated galactan from the red alga Botryocladia occidentalis (BoSG) was originally proposed as a simple repeating disaccharide of alternating 4-linked α-galactopyranose (Galp) and 3-linked β-Galp units with variable sulfation pattern. Abundance was estimated only for the α-Galp units: one-third of 2,3-disulfation and one-third of 2-monosulfation. Here, we isolated again the same BoSG fractions from the anion-exchange chromatography, obtaining the same NMR profile of the first report. More careful NMR analysis led us to revise the structure. A more complex sulfation pattern was noted along with the occurrence of 4-linked α-3,6-anhydro-Galp (AnGalp) units. Interestingly, the more sulfated BoSG fraction showed slightly reduced in vitro anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities against both wild-type and delta variants, and significantly reduced anticoagulant activity. The BoSG fractions showed no cytotoxic effects. The reduction in both bioactivities is attributed to the presence of the AnGalp unit. Docking scores from computational simulations using BoSG disaccharide constructs on wild-type and delta S-proteins, and binding analysis through competitive SPR assays using blood (co)-factors (antithrombin, heparin cofactor II and thrombin) and four S-proteins (wild-type, delta, gamma, and omicron) strongly support the conclusion about the deleterious impact of the AnGalp unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antim K Maurya
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Poonam Sharma
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Research, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Priyanka Samanta
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Anter A Shami
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Sandeep K Misra
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Reena Thara
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Center for Immunology and Microbial Research, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Deling Shi
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Joshua S Sharp
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Robert J Doerksen
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA
| | - Ritesh Tandon
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA; Center for Immunology and Microbial Research, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Vitor H Pomin
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA; Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA.
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Carvajal-Barriga EJ, Fields RD. Sulfated polysaccharides as multi target molecules to fight COVID 19 and comorbidities. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13797. [PMID: 36811015 PMCID: PMC9936785 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of research to combat SARS-CoV-2 infection exploits the adaptive immune system, but innate immunity, the first line of defense against pathogenic microbes, is equally important in understanding and controlling infectious diseases. Various cellular mechanisms provide physiochemical barriers to microbe infection in mucosal membranes and epithelia, with extracellular polysaccharides, particularly sulfated polysaccharides, being among the most widespread and potent extracellular and secreted molecules blocking and deactivating bacteria, fungi, and viruses. New research reveals that a range of polysaccharides effectively inhibits COV-2 infection of mammalian cells in culture. This review provides an overview of sulfated polysaccharides nomenclature, its significance as immunomodulators, antioxidants, antitumors, anticoagulants, antibacterial, and as potent antivirals. It summarizes current research on various interactions of sulfated polysaccharide with a range of viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, and their application for potential treatments for COVID-19. These molecules interact with biochemical signaling in immune cell responses, by actions in oxidative reactions, cytokine signaling, receptor binding, and through antiviral and antibacterial toxicity. These properties provide the potential for the development of novel therapeutic treatments for SARS-CoV-2 and other infectious diseases from modified polysaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Javier Carvajal-Barriga
- Pontificia Universidad Católica Del Ecuador, Neotropical Center for the Biomass Research, Quito, Ecuador.,The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Children and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - R Douglas Fields
- The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Children and Human Development, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Kang J, Jia X, Wang N, Xiao M, Song S, Wu S, Li Z, Wang S, Cui SW, Guo Q. Insights into the structure-bioactivity relationships of marine sulfated polysaccharides: A review. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2021.107049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Marine bacterial exopolysaccharide EPS11 inhibits migration and invasion of liver cancer cells by directly targeting collagen I. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101133. [PMID: 34461092 PMCID: PMC8449266 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Many natural polysaccharides have significant anticancer activity with low toxicity, but the complex chemical structures make in-depth studies of the involved mechanisms extremely difficult. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the marine bacterial exopolysaccharide (exopolysaccharide 11 [EPS11]) on liver cancer metastasis to explore the underlying target protein and molecular mechanism. We found that EPS11 significantly suppressed cell adhesion, migration, and invasion in liver cancer cells. Proteomic analysis showed that EPS11 induced downregulation of proteins related to the extracellular matrix–receptor interaction signaling pathway. In addition, the direct pharmacological target of EPS11 was identified as collagen I using cellular thermal shift assays. Surface plasmon resonance and pull-down assays further confirmed the specific binding of EPS11 to collagen I. Moreover, EPS11 was shown to inhibit tumor metastasis by directly modulating collagen I activity via the β1-integrin–mediated signaling pathway. Collectively, our study demonstrated for the first time that collagen I could be a direct pharmacological target of polysaccharide drugs. Moreover, directly targeting collagen I may be a promising strategy for finding novel carbohydrate-based drugs.
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Alves A, Sousa E, Kijjoa A, Pinto M. Marine-Derived Compounds with Potential Use as Cosmeceuticals and Nutricosmetics. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112536. [PMID: 32486036 PMCID: PMC7321322 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cosmetic industry is among the fastest growing industries in the last decade. As the beauty concepts have been revolutionized, many terms have been coined to accompany the innovation of this industry, since the beauty products are not just confined to those that are applied to protect and enhance the appearance of the human body. Consequently, the terms such as cosmeceuticals and nutricosmetics have emerged to give a notion of the health benefits of the products that create the beauty from inside to outside. In the past years, natural products-based cosmeceuticals have gained a huge amount of attention not only from researchers but also from the public due to the general belief that they are harmless. Notably, in recent years, the demand for cosmeceuticals from the marine resources has been exponentially on the rise due to their unique chemical and biological properties that are not found in terrestrial resources. Therefore, the present review addresses the importance of marine-derived compounds, stressing new chemical entities with cosmeceutical potential from the marine natural resources and their mechanisms of action by which these compounds exert on the body functions as well as their related health benefits. Marine environments are the most important reservoir of biodiversity that provide biologically active substances whose potential is still to be discovered for application as pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and cosmeceuticals. Marine organisms are not only an important renewable source of valuable bulk compounds used in cosmetic industry such as agar and carrageenan, which are used as gelling and thickening agents to increase the viscosity of cosmetic formulations, but also of small molecules such as ectoine (to promote skin hydration), trichodin A (to prevent product alteration caused by microbial contamination), and mytiloxanthin (as a coloring agent). Marine-derived molecules can also function as active ingredients, being the main compounds that determine the function of cosmeceuticals such as anti-tyrosinase (kojic acid), antiacne (sargafuran), whitening (chrysophanol), UV protection (scytonemin, mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs)), antioxidants, and anti-wrinkle (astaxanthin and PUFAs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Alves
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (A.A.); (E.S.)
| | - Emília Sousa
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (A.A.); (E.S.)
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Anake Kijjoa
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (M.P.); Tel.: +35-(19)-6609-2514 (M.P.)
| | - Madalena Pinto
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal; (A.A.); (E.S.)
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- Correspondence: (A.K.); (M.P.); Tel.: +35-(19)-6609-2514 (M.P.)
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Vasconcelos AA, Pomin VH. Marine Carbohydrate-Based Compounds with Medicinal Properties. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:E233. [PMID: 29987239 PMCID: PMC6070937 DOI: 10.3390/md16070233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The oceans harbor a great diversity of organisms, and have been recognized as an important source of new compounds with nutritional and therapeutic potential. Among these compounds, carbohydrate-based compounds are of particular interest because they exhibit numerous biological functions associated with their chemical diversity. This gives rise to new substances for the development of bioactive products. Many are the known applications of substances with glycosidic domains obtained from marine species. This review covers the structural properties and the current findings on the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, antitumor and antimicrobial activities of medium and high molecular-weight carbohydrates or glycosylated compounds extracted from various marine organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana A Vasconcelos
- Program of Glycobiology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, and University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-913, Brazil.
| | - Vitor H Pomin
- Program of Glycobiology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, and University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-913, Brazil.
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677-1848, USA.
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Román Y, de Oliveira Barddal HP, Iacomini M, Sassaki GL, Cipriani TR. Anticoagulant and antithrombotic effects of chemically sulfated fucogalactan and citrus pectin. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 174:731-739. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.06.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Román Ochoa Y, Iacomini M, Sassaki GL, Cipriani TR. Sulfation of fucogalactan from Agaricus bisporus: Different patterns in the chemical structure and their effects on anticoagulant activity. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 97:357-364. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ustyuzhanina NE, Bilan MI, Gerbst AG, Ushakova NA, Tsvetkova EA, Dmitrenok AS, Usov AI, Nifantiev NE. Anticoagulant and antithrombotic activities of modified xylofucan sulfate from the brown alga Punctaria plantaginea. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 136:826-33. [PMID: 26572418 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.09.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Selectively and totally sulfated (1 → 3)-linked linear homofucans bearing ∼ 20 monosaccharide residues on average have been prepared from the branched xylofucan sulfate isolated from the brown alga Punctaria plantaginea. Anticoagulant and antithrombotic properties of the parent biopolymer and its derivatives were assessed in vitro. Highly sulfated linear fucan derivatives were shown to inhibit clot formation in APTT assay and ristocetin induced platelets aggregation, while the partially sulfated analogs were inactive. In the experiments with purified proteins, fucan derivatives with degree of sulfation of ∼ 2.0 were found to enhance thrombin and factor Xa inhibition by antithrombin III. The effect of sulfated fucans on thrombin inhibition, which was similar to those of heparinoid Clexane(®) (enoxaparin) and of a fucoidan from the brown alga Saccharina latissima studied previously, can be explained by the multicenter interaction and formation of a ternary complex thrombin-antithrombin III-polysaccharide. The possibility of such complexation was confirmed by computer docking study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda E Ustyuzhanina
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, B-334, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Maria I Bilan
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, B-334, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey G Gerbst
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, B-334, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia A Ushakova
- V.N. Orekhovich Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Pogodinskaya Str. 10, 119121 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Eugenia A Tsvetkova
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, B-334, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey S Dmitrenok
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, B-334, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anatolii I Usov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, B-334, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Nikolay E Nifantiev
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Prospect 47, B-334, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
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Queiroz INL, Wang X, Glushka JN, Santos GRC, Valente AP, Prestegard JH, Woods RJ, Mourão PAS, Pomin VH. Impact of sulfation pattern on the conformation and dynamics of sulfated fucan oligosaccharides as revealed by NMR and MD. Glycobiology 2014; 25:535-47. [PMID: 25527427 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwu184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfated fucans from sea urchin egg jelly express well-defined chemical structures that vary with species. This species specificity regulates the sperm acrosome reaction, a critical step to assure intra-specific fertilization. In addition, these polysaccharides are involved in other biological activities such as anticoagulation. Although sulfation patterns are relevant to the levels of response in both activities, conformation and dynamics of these glycans are also contributing factors. However, data about these features of sulfated fucans are very rare. To address this, we have employed nuclear magnetic resonance experiments combined with molecular dynamics on structurally defined oligosaccharides derived from two sulfated fucans. The results have indicated that the oligosaccharides are flexible in solution. Ring conformation of their composing units displays just the (1)C4 chair configuration. In a particular octasaccharide, composed of two tetrasaccharide sequences, inter-residual hydrogen bonds play a role to decrease dynamics in these repeating units. Conversely, the linking disaccharide [-3)-α-L-Fucp-2(OSO3(-))-(1-3)-α-L-Fucp-4(OCO3(-))-(1-] located right between the two tetrasaccharide units has amplified motions suggested to be promoted by electrostatic repulsion of sulfates on opposite sides of the central glycosidic bond. This conjunction of information about conformation and dynamics of sulfated fucan oligosaccharides provides new insights to explain how these glycans behave free in solution and influenced by sulfation patterns. It may also serve for future studies concerning structure-function relationship of sulfated fucans, especially those involving sea urchin fertilization and anticoagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael N L Queiroz
- Programa de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, and Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Xiaocong Wang
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - John N Glushka
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Gustavo R C Santos
- Programa de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, and Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Ana P Valente
- Centro Nacional de Ressonância Nuclear Magnética de Macromoléculas, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-902, Brasil
| | - James H Prestegard
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Robert J Woods
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Paulo A S Mourão
- Programa de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, and Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-913, Brazil
| | - Vitor H Pomin
- Programa de Glicobiologia, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, and Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-913, Brazil
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14
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Effects of 6-(4-chlorophenoxy)-tetrazolo[5,1-a]phthalazine on anticoagulation in mice and the inhibition of experimental thrombosis in rats. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2014; 64:560-6. [PMID: 25165995 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000000152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
: Thrombosis is a major complication that could be fatal in acute or chronic cardio-cerebral-vascular diseases. Therefore, the development of novel agents for anticlotting and the prevention of thrombosis and cardiovascular diseases are clinically significant. This study aimed to evaluate the anticoagulant and antithrombotic effects of 6-(4-chlorophenoxy)-tetrazolo[5,1-a]phthalazine (Q808), a new phthalazine tetrazole derivative. Bleeding time, clotting time, and serum calcium ion (Ca) concentration were assessed in mice, whereas arteriovenous thrombus weight and plasma prothrombin time were evaluated in rats, and platelets Ca influx was determined in rabbit. Daily oral administration of Q808 at 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg for 3 days significantly delayed bleeding time and clotting time in mice compared with controls. Q808 administration at 50 mg/kg significantly reduced experimental thrombus weight by 62.6% and delayed plasma prothrombin time by 58.7% in rats, whereas 50 and 100 mg/kg of Q808 daily significantly increased serum Ca concentration in mice. Q808 at 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg/mL significantly inhibited thrombin-induced Ca influx in rabbit platelets. Our results suggest that Q808 at 25-200 mg/kg daily exerts anticoagulant and antithrombotic effects, and its mechanisms of action may involve both the intrinsic and extrinsic coagulation pathways that inhibit certain coagulation factors and platelet functions.
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15
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Anticoagulant motifs of marine sulfated glycans. Glycoconj J 2014; 31:341-4. [DOI: 10.1007/s10719-014-9530-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Glauser BF, Mourão PAS, Pomin VH. Marine sulfated glycans with serpin-unrelated anticoagulant properties. Adv Clin Chem 2014; 62:269-303. [PMID: 24772670 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800096-0.00007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Marine organisms are a rich source of sulfated polysaccharides with unique structures. Fucosylated chondroitin sulfate (FucCS) from the sea cucumber Ludwigothurea grisea and sulfated galactan from the red alga Botryocladia occidentalis are one of these unusual molecules. Besides their uncommon structures, they also exhibit high anticoagulant and antithrombotic effects. Earlier, it was considered that the anticoagulant activities of these two marine glycans were driven mainly by a catalytic serpin-dependent mechanism likewise the mammalian heparins. Its serpin-dependent anticoagulant action relies on promoting thrombin and/or factor Xa inhibition by their specific natural inhibitors (the serpins antithrombin and heparin cofactor II). However, as opposed to heparins, these two previously mentioned marine glycans were proved still capable in promoting coagulation inhibition using serpin-free plasmas. This puzzle observation was further investigated and clearly demonstrated that the cucumber FucCS and the red algal sulfated galactan have an unusual serpin-independent anticoagulant effect by inhibiting the formation of factor Xa and/or thrombin through the procoagulants tenase and prothrombinase complexes, respectively. These marine polysaccharides with unusual anticoagulant effects open clearly new perspectives for the development of new antithrombotic drugs as well as push the glycomics project.
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Lühn S, Grimm JC, Alban S. Simple and rapid quality control of sulfated glycans by a fluorescence sensor assay--exemplarily developed for the sulfated polysaccharides from red algae Delesseria sanguinea. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:2205-27. [PMID: 24727392 PMCID: PMC4012468 DOI: 10.3390/md12042205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sulfated polysaccharides (SP) from algae are of great interest due to their manifold biological activities. Obstacles to commercial (especially medical) application include considerable variability and complex chemical composition making the analysis and the quality control challenging. The aim of this study was to evaluate a simple microplate assay for screening the quality of SP. It is based on the fluorescence intensity (FI) increase of the sensor molecule Polymer-H by SP and was originally developed for direct quantification of SP. Exemplarily, 65 SP batches isolated from the red alga Delesseria sanguinea (D.s.-SP) and several other algae polysaccharides were investigated. Their FI increase in the Polymer-H assay was compared with other analytical parameters. By testing just one concentration of a D.s.-SP sample, quality deviations from the reference D.s.-SP and thus both batch-to-batch variability and stability can be detected. Further, structurally distinct SP showed to differ in their concentration-dependent FI profiles. By using corresponding reference compounds, the Polymer-H assay is therefore applicable as identification assay with high negative predictability. In conclusion, the Polymer-H assay showed to represent not only a simple method for quantification, but also for characterization identification and differentiation of SP of marine origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Lühn
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstr. 76, D-24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Juliane C Grimm
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstr. 76, D-24118 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Susanne Alban
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Gutenbergstr. 76, D-24118 Kiel, Germany.
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18
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Pomin VH, Mourão PAS. Specific sulfation and glycosylation-a structural combination for the anticoagulation of marine carbohydrates. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2014; 4:33. [PMID: 24639954 PMCID: PMC3944403 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2014.00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Based on considered achievements of the last 25 years, specific combinations of sulfation patterns and glycosylation types have been proved to be key structural players for the anticoagulant activity of certain marine glycans. These conclusions were obtained from comparative and systematic analyses on the structure-anticoagulation relationships of chemically well-defined sulfated polysaccharides of marine invertebrates and red algae. These sulfated polysaccharides are known as sulfated fucans (SFs), sulfated galactans (SGs) and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). The structural combinations necessary for the anticoagulant activities are the 2-sulfation in α-L-SGs, the 2,4-di-sulfation in α-L-fucopyranosyl units found as composing units of certain sea-urchin and sea-cucumber linear SFs, or as branching units of the fucosylated chondroitin sulfate, a unique GAG from sea-cucumbers. Another unique GAG type from marine organisms is the dermatan sulfate isolated from ascidians. The high levels of 4-sulfation at the galactosamine units combined with certain levels of 2-sulfation at the iduronic acid units is the anticoagulant structural requirements of these GAGs. When the backbones of red algal SGs are homogeneous, the anticoagulation is proportionally dependent of their sulfation content. Finally, 4-sulfation was observed to be the structural motif required to enhance the inhibition of thrombin via heparin cofactor-II by invertebrate SFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor H. Pomin
- Program of Glycobiology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo A. S. Mourão
- Program of Glycobiology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Frank P, Hedman B, Hodgson KO. XAS spectroscopy, sulfur, and the brew within blood cells from Ascidia ceratodes. J Inorg Biochem 2014; 131:99-108. [PMID: 24333825 PMCID: PMC3913562 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Revised: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We report the first use of K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) as a direct spectroscopic probe of pH and cytosolic emf within living cells. A new accuracy metric of model-based fits to K-edge spectra is further developed. Sulfur functional groups in three collections of living blood cells and one sample of cleared blood plasma from the tunicate Ascidia ceratodes were speciated using K-edge XAS. Cysteine and cystine, the preferred thiol-disulfide model, averaged about 12% of total sulfur. Sulfate monoesters and cyclic diesters unexpectedly constituted 36% of blood cell sulfur. Soluble sulfate averaged about 25% across the three blood cell samples, while the ratio of SO4(2-) to HSO4(-) implied average signet ring vacuolar pH values of 0.85, 1.4, or 3.1. Intracellular (VSO4)(+) was unobserved, while [V(RSO3)n]((3-n)+) was detected in the two lowest pH blood cell samples. About 5% of sulfur was distributed as mono- or dibenzothiophene or ethylene-epi-sulfide, or as a thiadiazole reminiscent of the polycarpathiamines. Blood plasma was dominated by sulfate (83%), but with 15% of an alkylsulfate ester and about 2% of low-valent sulfur. Gravimetric analysis of soluble sulfate yielded average concentrations of blood cell sulfur. Average [cysteine] and [cystine] (ranging ~10-30 mM and ~20-90 mM, respectively) implied blood-cell cytosolic emf values of approximately -0.20 V. High cellular [cysteine] is consistent with the proposed model for enzymatic reduction of vanadate by endogenous thiol, wherein the trajectory of metal site-symmetry is controlled and directed through to a thermodynamically favored 7-coordinate V(III) product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Frank
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94309, USA.
| | - Britt Hedman
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94309, USA
| | - Keith O Hodgson
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94309, USA
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Abstract
Glycomics is an international initiative aimed to understand the structure and function of the glycans from a given type of cell, tissue, organism, kingdom or even environment, as found under certain conditions. Glycomics is one of the latest areas of intense biological research. Glycans of marine sources are unique in terms of structure and function. They differ considerably from those of terrestrial origin. This review discusses the most known marine glycans of potential therapeutic properties. They are chitin, chitosan, and sulfated polysaccharides named glycosaminoglycans, sulfated fucans, and sulfated galactans. Their medical actions are very broad. When certain structural requirements are found, these glycans can exhibit beneficial effects in inflammation, coagulation, thrombosis, cancer growth/metastasis, and vascular biology. Both structure and therapeutic mechanisms of action of these marine glycans are discussed here in straight context with the current glycomic age through a project suggestively named marine medicinal glycomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor H Pomin
- Program of Glycobiology, Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, and University Hospital Clementino Fraga Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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21
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Yu L, Ge L, Xue C, Chang Y, Zhang C, Xu X, Wang Y. Structural study of fucoidan from sea cucumber Acaudina molpadioides: A fucoidan containing novel tetrafucose repeating unit. Food Chem 2014; 142:197-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.06.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Revised: 05/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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22
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Ray B, Hutterer C, Bandyopadhyay SS, Ghosh K, Chatterjee UR, Ray S, Zeitträger I, Wagner S, Marschall M. Chemically engineered sulfated glucans from rice bran exert strong antiviral activity at the stage of viral entry. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2013; 76:2180-2188. [PMID: 24279818 DOI: 10.1021/np4003977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Attachment and entry of many viruses are mediated by their affinity for polysaccharides present on the surface of target cells. In this paper, we demonstrate that sulfated glucans isolated from rice (Oryza sativa) can be utilized as experimental drugs exerting strong antiviral activity. In particular, oleum-DMF-based extraction is described as a procedure for the generation of chemically engineered glucans from commercially available rice bran. The one-step procedure has the potential to provide a spectrum of related glucans with varying molecular masses and modifications, including sulfation. The sulfated glucans P444, P445, and P446 possess increased antiviral activity compared to a previously described glucan (S1G). P444, P445, and P446 were highly active against human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), moderately active against other members of the family Herpesviridae, while not active against unrelated viruses. Specific experimentation with HCMV-infected cells provided evidence that antiviral activity was based on inhibition of viral entry and that inhibition occurred in the absence of drug-induced cytotoxicity. These findings underline the high potential of sulfated glucans for antiviral research and drug development. In addition, the procedure described for the efficient transformation of glucan hydroxy groups to sulfate groups may be similarly beneficial for the chemical alteration of other natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimalendu Ray
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan , Burdwan, West Bengal, India
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Huang N, Wu MY, Zheng CB, Zhu L, Zhao JH, Zheng YT. The depolymerized fucosylated chondroitin sulfate from sea cucumber potently inhibits HIV replication via interfering with virus entry. Carbohydr Res 2013; 380:64-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Pomin VH. Fucanomics and galactanomics: current status in drug discovery, mechanisms of action and role of the well-defined structures. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2012; 1820:1971-9. [PMID: 22964140 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the recent advent of glycomics, many medically relevant glycans have been discovered. Sulfated fucans (SFs) and sulfated galactans (SGs) are one of these classes of glycans with increasing interest to both glycomics and medicine. Besides having very unique structures, some of these molecules exhibit a broad range of pharmacological actions. In certain cases, high levels of effectiveness may be reached when the proper structural requirements are found. SCOPE OF REVIEW Here, we cover the fundamental biochemical mechanisms of some of these medicinal properties. We particularly focus on the beneficial activities of SFs and SGs in inflammation, hemostasis, vascular biology, and cancer. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS In these clinical systems, intermolecular complexes directly driven by electrostatic interactions of SFs and SGs with P- and L-selectins, chemokines, antithrombin, heparin cofactor II, thrombin, factor Xa, bFGF, and VEGF, overall govern the resultant therapeutic effects. In spite of that, the structural features of SFs and SGs have shown to be essential determinants for formation and stability of those molecular complexes, which consequently account to the differential levels of the biomedical responses. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Accurate structure-function relationships have mostly been achieved when SFs and SGs of well-defined structures are used for study. Therefore, these types of glycans have become of great usefulness to identify the chemical requirements needed to achieve satisfactory clinical responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor H Pomin
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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