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Raeisi H, Azimirad M, Asadzadeh Aghdaei H, Yadegar A, Zali MR. Rapid-format recombinant antibody-based methods for the diagnosis of Clostridioides difficile infection: Recent advances and perspectives. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1043214. [PMID: 36523835 PMCID: PMC9744969 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1043214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Clostridioides difficile, the most common cause of nosocomial diarrhea, has been continuously reported as a worldwide problem in healthcare settings. Additionally, the emergence of hypervirulent strains of C. difficile has always been a critical concern and led to continuous efforts to develop more accurate diagnostic methods for detection of this recalcitrant pathogen. Currently, the diagnosis of C. difficile infection (CDI) is based on clinical manifestations and laboratory tests for detecting the bacterium and/or its toxins, which exhibit varied sensitivity and specificity. In this regard, development of rapid diagnostic techniques based on antibodies has demonstrated promising results in both research and clinical environments. Recently, application of recombinant antibody (rAb) technologies like phage display has provided a faster and more cost-effective approach for antibody production. The application of rAbs for developing ultrasensitive diagnostic tools ranging from immunoassays to immunosensors, has allowed the researchers to introduce new platforms with high sensitivity and specificity. Additionally, DNA encoding antibodies are directly accessible in these approaches, which enables the application of antibody engineering to increase their sensitivity and specificity. Here, we review the latest studies about the antibody-based ultrasensitive diagnostic platforms for detection of C. difficile bacteria, with an emphasis on rAb technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Raeisi
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Azimirad
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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2
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Rahman MM, Lopa NS, Lee J. Advances in electrochemical aptasensing for cardiac biomarkers. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/bkcs.12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nasrin Siraj Lopa
- Research Center for Photoenergy Harvesting & Conversion Technology (phct), Department of Energy and Materials Engineering Dongguk University Seoul South Korea
| | - Jae‐Joon Lee
- Research Center for Photoenergy Harvesting & Conversion Technology (phct), Department of Energy and Materials Engineering Dongguk University Seoul South Korea
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3
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4
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Regan B, O'Kennedy R, Collins D. Advances in point-of-care testing for cardiovascular diseases. Adv Clin Chem 2021; 104:1-70. [PMID: 34462053 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Point-of-care testing (POCT) is a specific format of diagnostic testing that is conducted without accompanying infrastructure or sophisticated instrumentation. Traditionally, such rapid sample-to-answer assays provide inferior analytical performances to their laboratory counterparts when measuring cardiac biomarkers. Hence, their potentially broad applicability is somewhat bound by their inability to detect clinically relevant concentrations of cardiac troponin (cTn) in the early stages of myocardial injury. However, the continuous refinement of biorecognition elements, the optimization of detection techniques, and the fabrication of tailored fluid handling systems to manage the sensing process has stimulated the production of commercial assays that can support accelerated diagnostic pathways. This review will present the latest commercial POC assays and examine their impact on clinical decision-making. The individual elements that constitute POC assays will be explored, with an emphasis on aspects that contribute to economically feasible and highly sensitive assays. Furthermore, the prospect of POCT imparting a greater influence on early interventions for medium to high-risk individuals and the potential to re-shape the paradigm of cardiovascular risk assessments will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Regan
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Richard O'Kennedy
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland; Research Complex, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, Qatar
| | - David Collins
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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5
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Khan S, Hasan A, Attar F, Sharifi M, Siddique R, Mraiche F, Falahati M. Gold Nanoparticle-Based Platforms for Diagnosis and Treatment of Myocardial Infarction. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:6460-6477. [PMID: 33320615 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, an increasing rate of mortality due to myocardial infarction (MI) has led to the development of nanobased platforms, especially gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), as promising nanomaterials for diagnosis and treatment of MI. These promising NPs have been used to develop different nanobiosensors, mainly optical sensors for early detection of biomarkers as well as biomimetic/bioinspired platforms for cardiac tissue engineering (CTE). Therefore, in this Review, we presented an overview on the potential application of AuNPs as optical (surface plasmon resonance, colorimetric, fluorescence, and chemiluminescence) nanobiosensors for early diagnosis and prognosis of MI. On the other hand, we discussed the potential application of AuNPs either alone or with other NPs/polymers as promising three-dimensional (3D) scaffolds to regulate the microenvironment and mimic the morphological and electrical features of cardiac cells for potential application in CTE. Furthermore, we presented the challenges and ongoing efforts associated with the application of AuNPs in the diagnosis and treatment of MI. In conclusion, this Review may provide outstanding information regarding the development of AuNP-based technology as a promising platform for current MI treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suliman Khan
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Jingba Road, NO.2, 450014 Zhengzhou, China
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.,Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar
| | - Farnoosh Attar
- Department of Food Toxicology, Research Center of Food Technology and Agricultural Products, Standard Research Institute (SRI), Karaj 14155-6139, Iran
| | - Majid Sharifi
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rabeea Siddique
- Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Jingba Road, NO.2, 450014 Zhengzhou, China
| | | | - Mojtaba Falahati
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Sciences and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Ikeda S, Uchiyama K, Minegishi Y, Nakamura M, Takaso M. Evaluation of myeloperoxidase in synovial fluid as a biomarker for chronic periprosthetic joint infection. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2020; 44:1915-1920. [DOI: 10.1007/s00264-020-04753-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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7
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Decoding Selection Bias Imparted by Unpaired Cysteines: a Tug of War Between Expression and Affinity. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 185:778-785. [PMID: 29330770 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2691-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In a recombinant antibody scFv format, the presence of an unpaired cysteine (Cys) is implicated in reduced soluble expression and inefficient presentation in phage display. Compared to other species, antibodies derived from rabbits are more likely to contain this unpaired Cys residue at position 80 (Cys80), when generated in a scFv format. In a screening campaign to isolate rabbit scFv against cardiac troponin I (cTnI), it was found that, a large proportion of isolated cTnI-specific clones contained unpaired Cys80. To analyze the factors that led to the selection of anti-cTnI Cys80 scFv, after five rounds of biopanning, the biopanning experiments were repeated with a Cys80 scFv (MG4Cys), its alanine variant (MG4Ala), and an irrelevant high expressing scFv control. It was found that the selection and subsequent enrichment of MG4Cys scFv was ousted by the superior expressing variant MG4Ala, indicating that the Cys80 scFv was selected primarily due to its affinity. It is evident that phage-based selection is influenced by specific sequence characteristics affecting the expression as well as the binding specificity and this needs to be taken into account for selection of optimal antibody derivatives.
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8
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Shih CC, Hwang HR, Chang CI, Su HM, Chen PC, Kuo HM, Li PJ, Wang HMD, Tsui KH, Lin YC, Huang SY, Wen ZH. Anti-Inflammatory and Antinociceptive Effects of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of an Edible Red Macroalgae Sarcodia ceylanica. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112437. [PMID: 29149031 PMCID: PMC5713404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Research so far has only shown that edible red macroalgae, Sarcodia ceylanica has the ability to eliminate free radicals and anti-diabetic, anti-bacterial properties. This study was conducted both in vitro and in vivo on the ethyl acetate extract (PD1) of farmed red macroalgae in order to explore its anti-inflammatory properties. In order to study the in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of PD1, we used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce inflammatory responses in murine macrophages. For evaluating the potential in vivo anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of PD1, we used carrageenan-induced rat paw edema to produce inflammatory pain. The in vitro results indicated that PD1 inhibited the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory protein, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in macrophages. Oral PD1 can reduce carrageenan-induced paw edema and inflammatory nociception. PD1 can significantly inhibit carrageenan-induced leukocyte infiltration, as well as the protein expression of inflammatory mediators (iNOS, interleukin-1β, and myeloperoxidase) in inflammatory tissue. The above results indicated that PD1 has great potential to be turned into a functional food or used in the development of new anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive agents. The results from this study are expected to help scientists in the continued development of Sarcodia ceylanica for other biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Chih Shih
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
- Department of Marketing and Distribution Management, Fortune Institute of Technology, Kaohsiung 83158, Taiwan.
| | - Hwong-Ru Hwang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pingtung Christian Hospital, Pingtung 90059, Taiwan.
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-I Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
| | - Huei-Meei Su
- Tungkang Biotechnology Research Center, Fisheries Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Pingtung 92845, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Chin Chen
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University and Academia Sinica, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiao-Mei Kuo
- Center for Neuroscience, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Jyuan Li
- Marine Biomedical Laboratory and Center for Translational Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Min David Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China.
| | - Kuan-Hao Tsui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- Department of Pharmacy and Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Chi Lin
- Division of Chinese Materia Medica Development, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Shi-Ying Huang
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China.
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory for the Development of Bioactive Material from Marine Algae, Quanzhou 362000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Inshore Resources Biotechnology (Quanzhou Normal University), Fujian Province University, Quanzhou 362000, China.
| | - Zhi-Hong Wen
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University and Academia Sinica, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
- Marine Biomedical Laboratory and Center for Translational Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
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9
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Site-saturation mutagenesis library construction and screening for specific broad-spectrum single-domain antibodies against multiple Cry1 toxins. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 101:6071-6082. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8347-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Arora S, Saxena V, Ayyar BV. Affinity chromatography: A versatile technique for antibody purification. Methods 2016; 116:84-94. [PMID: 28012937 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2016.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies continue to be extremely utilized entities in myriad applications including basic research, imaging, targeted delivery, chromatography, diagnostics, and therapeutics. At production stage, antibodies are generally present in complex matrices and most of their intended applications necessitate purification. Antibody purification has always been a major bottleneck in downstream processing of antibodies, due to the need of high quality products and associated high costs. Over the years, extensive research has focused on finding better purification methodologies to overcome this holdup. Among a plethora of different techniques, affinity chromatography is one of the most selective, rapid and easy method for antibody purification. This review aims to provide a detailed overview on affinity chromatography and the components involved in purification. An array of support matrices along with various classes of affinity ligands detailing their underlying working principles, together with the advantages and limitations of each system in purifying different types of antibodies, accompanying recent developments and important practical methodological considerations to optimize purification procedure are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushrut Arora
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Vikas Saxena
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - B Vijayalakshmi Ayyar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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11
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Hennigan K, Conroy PJ, Walsh MT, Amin M, O'Kennedy R, Ramasamy P, Gleich GJ, Siddiqui Z, Glynn S, McCabe O, Mooney C, Harvey BJ, Costello RW, McBryan J. Eosinophil peroxidase activates cells by HER2 receptor engagement and β1-integrin clustering with downstream MAPK cell signaling. Clin Immunol 2016; 171:1-11. [PMID: 27519953 PMCID: PMC5070911 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Eosinophils account for 1–3% of peripheral blood leukocytes and accumulate at sites of allergic inflammation, where they play a pathogenic role. Studies have shown that treatment with mepolizumab (an anti-IL-5 monoclonal antibody) is beneficial to patients with severe eosinophilic asthma, however, the mechanism of precisely how eosinophils mediate these pathogenic effects is uncertain. Eosinophils contain several cationic granule proteins, including Eosinophil Peroxidase (EPO). The main significance of this work is the discovery of EPO as a novel ligand for the HER2 receptor. Following HER2 activation, EPO induces activation of FAK and subsequent activation of β1-integrin, via inside-out signaling. This complex results in downstream activation of ERK1/2 and a sustained up regulation of both MUC4 and the HER2 receptor. These data identify a receptor for one of the eosinophil granule proteins and demonstrate a potential explanation of the proliferative effects of eosinophils. Eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) is confirmed as a ligand for the HER2 receptor. EPO activation of HER2 leads to activation of FAK, ERK and β1 integrin. EPO induces a sustained upregulation of MUC4 and HER2. Possible mechanism for the proliferative effects of eosinophils is uncovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerrie Hennigan
- Department of Medicine Respiratory Research Division, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Paul J Conroy
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Marie-Therese Walsh
- Department of Medicine Respiratory Research Division, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Mohamed Amin
- Department of Medicine Respiratory Research Division, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Richard O'Kennedy
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Patmapriya Ramasamy
- Department of Medicine Respiratory Research Division, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Gerald J Gleich
- Department of Dermatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, USA
| | - Zeshan Siddiqui
- Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Ireland
| | - Senan Glynn
- Department of Medicine Respiratory Research Division, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Olive McCabe
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Catherine Mooney
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Brian J Harvey
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Richard W Costello
- Department of Medicine Respiratory Research Division, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Jean McBryan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin 9, Ireland
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12
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Wolfe MG, Zhang Q, Hui C, Radford K, Nair P, Brennan JD. Development of a functional point-of-need diagnostic for myeloperoxidase detection to identify neutrophilic bronchitis. Analyst 2016; 141:6438-6443. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an01563h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A paper-based analytical device was developed to rapidly detect myeloperoxidase in processed sputum for diagnosis of neutrophilic bronchitis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Biointerfaces Institute
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
| | - Christy Hui
- Biointerfaces Institute
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
| | - Katherine Radford
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health
- St. Joseph's Healthcare
- Hamilton
- Canada
| | - Parameswaran Nair
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health
- St. Joseph's Healthcare
- Hamilton
- Canada
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13
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Biomarkers for infection: enzymes, microbes, and metabolites. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:4595-614. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6637-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 04/17/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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14
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Ayyar BV, Hearty S, O’Kennedy R. Facile domain rearrangement abrogates expression recalcitrance in a rabbit scFv. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 99:2693-703. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-6268-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Fitzgerald V, Manning B, O’Donnell B, O’Reilly B, O’Sullivan D, O’Kennedy R, Leonard P. Exploiting Highly Ordered Subnanoliter Volume Microcapillaries as Microtools for the Analysis of Antibody Producing Cells. Anal Chem 2014; 87:997-1003. [DOI: 10.1021/ac503547j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Fitzgerald
- Biomedical
Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- School
of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Brian Manning
- Biomedical
Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Barry O’Donnell
- Biomedical
Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- School
of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Brian O’Reilly
- Biomedical
Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- National
Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Dermot O’Sullivan
- Biomedical
Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Richard O’Kennedy
- Biomedical
Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- School
of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- National
Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Paul Leonard
- Biomedical
Diagnostics Institute, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- School
of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- National
Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
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16
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Carbon nanotube wiring for signal amplification of electrochemical magneto immunosensors: application to myeloperoxidase detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:5487-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7954-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Revised: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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17
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Altintas Z, Fakanya WM, Tothill IE. Cardiovascular disease detection using bio-sensing techniques. Talanta 2014; 128:177-86. [PMID: 25059146 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Universally, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is recognised as the prime cause of death with estimates exceeding 20 million by 2015 due to heart disease and stroke. Facts regarding the disease, its classification and diagnosis are still lacking. Hence, understanding the issues involved in its initiation, its symptoms and early detection will reduce the high risk of sudden death associated with it. Biosensors developed to be used as rapid screening tools to detect disease biomarkers at the earliest stage and able to classify the condition are revolutionising CVD diagnosis and prognosis. Advances in interdisciplinary research areas have made biosensors faster, highly accurate, portable and environmentally friendly diagnostic devices. The recent advances in microfluidics and the advent of nanotechnology have resulted in the development of improved diagnostics through reduction of analysis time and integration of several clinical assays into a single, portable device as lab-on-a-chip (LOC). The development of such affinity based systems is a major drive of the rapidly growing nanotechnology industry which involves a multidisciplinary research effort encompassing nanofluidics, microelectronics and analytical chemistry. This review summarised the classification of CVD, the biomarkers used for its diagnosis, biosensors and their application including the latest developments in the field of heart-disease detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Altintas
- Advanced Diagnostics and Sensors Group, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Wellington M Fakanya
- Advanced Diagnostics and Sensors Group, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK; Atlas Genetics, White Horse Business Park, Wiltshire BA14 0XG, UK
| | - Ibtisam E Tothill
- Advanced Diagnostics and Sensors Group, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire MK43 0AL, UK.
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18
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Conroy PJ, Law RHP, Gilgunn S, Hearty S, Caradoc-Davies TT, Lloyd G, O'Kennedy RJ, Whisstock JC. Reconciling the structural attributes of avian antibodies. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:15384-92. [PMID: 24737329 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.562470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies are high value therapeutic, diagnostic, biotechnological, and research tools. Combinatorial approaches to antibody discovery have facilitated access to unique antibodies by surpassing the diversity limitations of the natural repertoire, exploitation of immune repertoires from multiple species, and tailoring selections to isolate antibodies with desirable biophysical attributes. The V-gene repertoire of the chicken does not utilize highly diverse sequence and structures, which is in stark contrast to the mechanism employed by humans, mice, and primates. Recent exploitation of the avian immune system has generated high quality, high affinity antibodies to a wide range of antigens for a number of therapeutic, diagnostic and biotechnological applications. Furthermore, extensive examination of the amino acid characteristics of the chicken repertoire has provided significant insight into mechanisms employed by the avian immune system. A paucity of avian antibody crystal structures has limited our understanding of the structural consequences of these uniquely chicken features. This paper presents the crystal structure of two chicken single chain fragment variable (scFv) antibodies generated from large libraries by phage display against important human antigen targets, which capture two unique CDRL1 canonical classes in the presence and absence of a non-canonical disulfide constrained CDRH3. These structures cast light on the unique structural features of chicken antibodies and contribute further to our collective understanding of the unique mechanisms of diversity and biochemical attributes that render the chicken repertoire of particular value for antibody generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Conroy
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Ruby H P Law
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Sarah Gilgunn
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Stephen Hearty
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland, and
| | - Tom T Caradoc-Davies
- Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Gordon Lloyd
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Richard J O'Kennedy
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland, Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland, and
| | - James C Whisstock
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia,
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Ayyar BV, Arora S, Murphy C, O'Kennedy R. Affinity chromatography as a tool for antibody purification. Methods 2011; 56:116-29. [PMID: 22033471 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2011.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Revised: 10/11/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The global antibody market has grown exponentially due to increasing applications in research, diagnostics and therapy. Antibodies are present in complex matrices (e.g. serum, milk, egg yolk, fermentation broth or plant-derived extracts). This has led to the need for development of novel platforms for purification of large quantities of antibody with defined clinical and performance requirements. However, the choice of method is strictly limited by the manufacturing cost and the quality of the end product required. Affinity chromatography is one of the most extensively used methods for antibody purification, due to its high selectivity and rapidity. Its effectiveness is largely based on the binding characteristics of the required antibody and the ligand used for antibody capture. The approaches used for antibody purification are critically examined with the aim of providing the reader with the principles and practical insights required to understand the intricacies of the procedures. Affinity support matrices and ligands for affinity chromatography are discussed, including their relevant underlying principles of use, their potential value and their performance in purifying different types of antibodies, along with a list of commercially available alternatives. Furthermore, the principal factors influencing purification procedures at various stages are highlighted. Practical considerations for development and/or optimizations of efficient antibody-purification protocols are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Vijayalakshmi Ayyar
- Biomedical Diagnostics Institute, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
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