1
|
LaPanse AJ, Krishnan A, Dennis G, Karns DAJ, Dahlin LR, Van Wychen S, Burch TA, Guarnieri MT, Weissman JC, Posewitz MC. Proximate biomass characterization of the high productivity marine microalga Picochlorum celeri TG2. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 207:108364. [PMID: 38232496 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Microalgae are compelling renewable resources with applications including biofuels, bioplastics, nutrient supplements, and cosmetic products. Picochlorum celeri is an alga with high industrial interest due to exemplary outdoor areal biomass productivities in seawater. Detailed proximate analysis is needed in multiple environmental conditions to understand the dynamic biomass compositions of P. celeri, and how these compositions might be leveraged in biotechnological applications. In this study, biomass characterization of P. celeri was performed under nutrient-replete, nitrogen-restricted, and hyper-saline conditions. Nutrient-replete cultivation of P. celeri resulted in protein-rich biomass (∼50% ash-free dry weight) with smaller carbohydrate (∼12% ash-free dry weight) and lipid (∼11% ash-free dry weight) partitions. Gradual nitrogen depletion elicited a shift from proteins to carbohydrates (∼50% ash-free dry weight, day 3) as cells transitioned into the production of storage metabolites. Importantly, dilutions in nitrogen-restricted 40 parts per million (1.43 mM nitrogen) media generated high-carbohydrate (∼50% ash-free dry weight) biomass without substantially compromising biomass productivity (36 g ash-free dry weight m-2 day-1) despite decreased chlorophyll (∼2% ash-free dry weight) content. This strategy for increasing carbohydrate content allowed for the targeted production of polysaccharides, which could potentially be utilized to produce fuels, oligosaccharides, and bioplastics. Cultivation at 2X sea salts resulted in a shift towards carbohydrates from protein, with significantly increased levels of the amino acid proline, which putatively acts as an osmolyte. A detailed understanding of the biomass composition of P. celeri in nutrient-replete, nitrogen-restricted, and hyper saline conditions informs how this strain can be useful in the production of biotechnological products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alaina J LaPanse
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, 80401, USA.
| | - Anagha Krishnan
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Galen Dennis
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Devin A J Karns
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Lukas R Dahlin
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Stefanie Van Wychen
- Renewable Resources and Enabling Sciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Tyson A Burch
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Michael T Guarnieri
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Joseph C Weissman
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Matthew C Posewitz
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Igou T, Zhong S, Reid E, Chen Y. Real-Time Sensor Data Profile-Based Deep Learning Method Applied to Open Raceway Pond Microalgal Productivity Prediction. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:17981-17989. [PMID: 37234045 PMCID: PMC10666538 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Microalgal biotechnology holds the potential for renewable biofuels, bioproducts, and carbon capture applications due to unparalleled photosynthetic efficiency and diversity. Outdoor open raceway pond (ORP) cultivation enables utilization of sunlight and atmospheric carbon dioxide to drive microalgal biomass synthesis for production of bioproducts including biofuels; however, environmental conditions are highly dynamic and fluctuate both diurnally and seasonally, making ORP productivity prediction challenging without time-intensive physical measurements and location-specific calibrations. Here, for the first time, we present an image-based deep learning method for the prediction of ORP productivity. Our method is based on parameter profile plot images of sensor parameters, including pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, photosynthetically active radiation, and total dissolved solids. These parameters can be remotely monitored without physical interaction with ORPs. We apply the model to data we generated during the Unified Field Studies of the Algae Testbed Public-Private-Partnership (ATP3 UFS), the largest publicly available ORP data set to date, which includes millions of sensor records and 598 productivities from 32 ORPs operated in 5 states in the United States. We demonstrate that this approach significantly outperforms an average value based traditional machine learning method (R2 = 0.77 ≫ R2 = 0.39) without considering bioprocess parameters (e.g., biomass density, hydraulic retention time, and nutrient concentrations). We then evaluate the sensitivity of image and monitoring data resolutions and input parameter variations. Our results demonstrate ORP productivity can be effectively predicted from remote monitoring data, providing an inexpensive tool for microalgal production and operational forecasting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Igou
- School
of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Shifa Zhong
- Department
of Environmental Science, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, PR China
| | - Elliot Reid
- School
of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- School
of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Is Electrocoagulation a Promising Technology for Algal Organic Matter Removal? Current Knowledge and Open Questions. CHEMBIOENG REVIEWS 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/cben.202200049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
|
4
|
DISCOVR strain pipeline screening – Part I: Maximum specific growth rate as a function of temperature and salinity for 38 candidate microalgae for biofuels production. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.102996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
5
|
Birgersson PS, Oftebro M, Strand WI, Aarstad OA, Sætrom GI, Sletta H, Arlov Ø, Aachmann FL. Sequential extraction and fractionation of four polysaccharides from cultivated brown algae Saccharina latissima and Alaria esculenta. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
6
|
Huesemann M, Gao S, Edmundson S, Laurens LM, Van Wychen S, Beirne N, Gutknecht A, Kruk R, Pittman K, Greer M, Graham S, Mueller T. DISCOVR strain pipeline screening – Part II: Winter and summer season areal productivities and biomass compositional shifts in climate-simulation photobioreactor cultures. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2022.102948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
|
7
|
Tunay D, Altinbas M, Ozkaya B. Usage of Source Separated Urine for the Biodiesel Production from Algal Biomass. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
|
8
|
Wiatrowski M, Klein BC, Davis RW, Quiroz-Arita C, Tan ECD, Hunt RW, Davis RE. Techno-economic assessment for the production of algal fuels and value-added products: opportunities for high-protein microalgae conversion. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2022; 15:8. [PMID: 35418157 PMCID: PMC8764804 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-02098-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microalgae possess numerous advantages for use as a feedstock in producing renewable fuels and products, with techno-economic analysis (TEA) frequently used to highlight the economic potential and technical challenges of utilizing this biomass in a biorefinery context. However, many historical TEA studies have focused on the conversion of biomass with elevated levels of carbohydrates and lipids and lower levels of protein, incurring substantial burdens on the ability to achieve high cultivation productivity rates relative to nutrient-replete, high-protein biomass. Given a strong dependence of algal biomass production costs on cultivation productivity, further TEA assessment is needed to understand the economic potential for utilizing potentially lower-cost but lower-quality, high-protein microalgae for biorefinery conversion. RESULTS In this work, we conduct rigorous TEA modeling to assess the economic viability of two conceptual technology pathways for processing proteinaceous algae into a suite of fuels and products. One approach, termed mild oxidative treatment and upgrading (MOTU), makes use of a series of thermo-catalytic operations to upgrade solubilized proteins and carbohydrates to hydrocarbon fuels, while another alternative focuses on the biological conversion of those substrates to oxygenated fuels in the form of mixed alcohols (MA). Both pathways rely on the production of polyurethanes from unsaturated fatty acids and valorization of unconverted solids for use as a material for synthesizing bioplastics. The assessment found similar, albeit slightly higher fuel yields and lower costs for the MA pathway, translating to a residual solids selling price of $899/ton for MA versus $1033/ton for MOTU as would be required to support a $2.50/gallon gasoline equivalent (GGE) fuel selling price. A variation of the MA pathway including subsequent upgrading of the mixed alcohols to hydrocarbon fuels (MAU) reflected a required solids selling price of $975/ton. CONCLUSION The slight advantages observed for the MA pathway are partially attributed to a boundary that stops at oxygenated fuels versus fungible drop-in hydrocarbon fuels through a more complex MOTU configuration, with more comparable results obtained for the MAU scenario. In either case, it was shown that an integrated algal biorefinery can be economical through optimal strategies to utilize and valorize all fractions of the biomass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Wiatrowski
- Catalytic Carbon Transformation and Scale-up Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA.
| | - Bruno C Klein
- Catalytic Carbon Transformation and Scale-up Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Ryan W Davis
- Biomass Science and Conversion Technologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Carlos Quiroz-Arita
- Biomass Science and Conversion Technologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, CA, 94550, USA
| | - Eric C D Tan
- Catalytic Carbon Transformation and Scale-up Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Ryan W Hunt
- Algix, 5168 Water Tower Rd, Meridian, MS, 39301, USA
| | - Ryan E Davis
- Catalytic Carbon Transformation and Scale-up Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Insights into cell wall disintegration of Chlorella vulgaris. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262500. [PMID: 35030225 PMCID: PMC8759652 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
With their ability of CO2 fixation using sunlight as an energy source, algae and especially microalgae are moving into the focus for the production of proteins and other valuable compounds. However, the valorization of algal biomass depends on the effective disruption of the recalcitrant microalgal cell wall. Especially cell walls of Chlorella species proved to be very robust. The wall structures that are responsible for this robustness have been studied less so far. Here, we evaluate different common methods to break up the algal cell wall effectively and measure the success by protein and carbohydrate release. Subsequently, we investigate algal cell wall features playing a role in the wall's recalcitrance towards disruption. Using different mechanical and chemical technologies, alkali catalyzed hydrolysis of the Chlorella vulgaris cells proved to be especially effective in solubilizing up to 56 wt% protein and 14 wt% carbohydrates of the total biomass. The stepwise degradation of C. vulgaris cell walls using a series of chemicals with increasingly strong conditions revealed that each fraction released different ratios of proteins and carbohydrates. A detailed analysis of the monosaccharide composition of the cell wall extracted in each step identified possible factors for the robustness of the cell wall. In particular, the presence of chitin or chitin-like polymers was indicated by glucosamine found in strong alkali extracts. The presence of highly ordered starch or cellulose was indicated by glucose detected in strong acidic extracts. Our results might help to tailor more specific efforts to disrupt Chlorella cell walls and help to valorize microalgae biomass.
Collapse
|
10
|
Fioroni G, Katahira R, Van Wychen S, Rowland SM, Christensen ED, Dong T, Pienkos PT, Laurens LML. Synthesis of Hydrophilic Derivative Surfactants From Algae-Derived Unsaponifiable Lipids. FRONTIERS IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fceng.2021.768382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the context of decarbonizing the economy, the utilization of biologically sourced feedstocks to produce replacements for petroleum-derived materials is becoming more urgent. Improving renewable biomass production and utilization is imperative for commercializing future biorefineries. Algae-derived biomass is a particularly promising feedstock thanks to its attractive oil content and composition; specifically, the high-value products in the unsaponifiable lipids have not been included in a conversion process. Here we demonstrate surfactant synthesis from a complex oil fraction as the hydrophobic donor moieties, yielding products that are similar to commercially available surfactants such as the linear alkyl benzene sulfonates. Unsaponifiable lipids extracted from algae were derivatized to non-ionic surfactants using a green chemical synthesis route based on a double esterification with succinic acid and polyethylene glycol. The in-depth molecular and structural surfactant characterization is included and indicates that the resulting properties fall between those of pure cholesterol and phytol used as surrogates for the reaction synthesis demonstration. This is the first demonstration of an effective and potentially high-value synthesis of functional surfactants with properties that can be tailored based on the relative composition of the resulting hydrocarbon alcohol components in the mixture. This novel green chemistry synthesis approach provides a route to high-value product synthesis from algae.
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang Y, Tibbetts SM, McGinn PJ. Microalgae as Sources of High-Quality Protein for Human Food and Protein Supplements. Foods 2021; 10:3002. [PMID: 34945551 PMCID: PMC8700990 DOI: 10.3390/foods10123002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As a result of population growth, an emerging middle-class, and a more health-conscious society concerned with overconsumption of fats and carbohydrates, dietary protein intake is on the rise. To address this rapid change in the food market, and the subsequent high demand for protein products, agriculture, aquaculture, and the food industry have been working actively in recent years to increase protein product output from both production and processing aspects. Dietary proteins derived from animal sources are of the highest quality, containing well-balanced profiles of essential amino acids that generally exceed those of other food sources. However, as a result of studies highlighting low production efficiency (e.g., feed to food conversion) and significant environmental impacts, together with the negative health impacts associated with the dietary intake of some animal products, especially red meats, the consumption of animal proteins has been remaining steady or even declining over the past few decades. To fill this gap, researchers and product development specialists at all levels have been working closely to discover new sources of protein, such as plant-based ingredients. In this regard, microalgae have been recognized as strategic crops, which, due to their vast biological diversity, have distinctive phenotypic traits and interactions with the environment in the production of biomass and protein, offering possibilities of production of large quantities of microalgal protein through manipulating growing systems and conditions and bioengineering technologies. Despite this, microalgae remain underexploited crops and research into their nutritional values and health benefits is in its infancy. In fact, only a small handful of microalgal species are being produced at a commercial scale for use as human food or protein supplements. This review is intended to provide an overview on microalgal protein content, its impact by environmental factors, its protein quality, and its associated evaluation methods. We also attempt to present the current challenges and future research directions, with a hope to enhance the research, product development, and commercialization, and ultimately meet the rapidly increasing market demand for high-quality protein products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Wang
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, 550 University Avenue, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada
| | - Sean M. Tibbetts
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 3Z1, Canada; (S.M.T.); (P.J.M.)
| | - Patrick J. McGinn
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development Research Centre, National Research Council of Canada, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS B3H 3Z1, Canada; (S.M.T.); (P.J.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tripathi S, Arora N, Pruthi V, Poluri KM. Elucidating the bioremediation mechanism of Scenedesmus sp. IITRIND2 under cadmium stress. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 283:131196. [PMID: 34146883 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a non-biodegradable pollutant that has become a global threat due to its bioaccumulation and biomagnification in higher trophic levels of the food chain. Green technologies such as phycoremediation is an emerging approach and possess edge over conventional methods to remediate Cd from the environment. The present investigation elucidates the adaptive mechanism of a freshwater microalga, Scenedesmus sp. IITRIND2 under Cd stress. The microalga showed excellent tolerance to Cd stress with IC50 value of ~32 ppm. The microalga showed phenomenal removal efficiency (~80%) when exposed to 25 ppm of Cd. Such a high uptake of Cd by the cells was accompanied with increased total lipid content (~33% of dry cell weight). Additionally, the elevated level of ROS, lipid peroxidation, glycine-betaine, and antioxidant enzymes evidenced the activation of efficient antioxidant machinery for alleviating the Cd stress. Further, analysis of the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) presented a steady increase in saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids with biodiesel properties complying the American and European fuel standards. The study proposes an integrated approach for bioremediation of toxic Cd using hyper-tolerant microalgal strains along with biodiesel production from the generated algal biomass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Tripathi
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Neha Arora
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Vikas Pruthi
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India; Centre for Transportation Systems, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
|
14
|
Lane M, Van Wychen S, Politis A, Laurens LM. A data-driven comparison of commercially available testing methods for algae characterization. ALGAL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.102134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
15
|
Laurens LML, Lane M, Nelson RS. Sustainable Seaweed Biotechnology Solutions for Carbon Capture, Composition, and Deconstruction. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 38:1232-1244. [PMID: 32386971 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Seaweeds or macroalgae are attractive candidates for carbon capture, while also supplying a sustainable photosynthetic bioenergy feedstock, thanks to their cultivation potential in offshore marine farms. Seaweed cultivation requires minimal external nutrient requirements and allows for year-round production of biomass. Despite this potential, there remain significant challenges associated with realizing large-scale, sustainable agronomics, as well as in the development of an efficient biomass deconstruction and conversion platform to fuels and products. Recent biotechnology progress in the identification of enzymatic deconstruction pathways, tailored to complex polymers in seaweeds, opens up opportunities for more complete utilization of seaweed biomass components. Effective, scalable, and economically viable conversion processes tailored to seaweed are discussed and gaps are identified for yield and efficiency improvements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lieve M L Laurens
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, USA.
| | - Madeline Lane
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Robert S Nelson
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ermis H, Guven-Gulhan U, Cakir T, Altinbas M. Effect of iron and magnesium addition on population dynamics and high value product of microalgae grown in anaerobic liquid digestate. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3510. [PMID: 32103096 PMCID: PMC7044283 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60622-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, FeSO4 supplementation ranging from 0 to 4.5 mM, and MgSO4 supplementation ranging from 0 to 5.1 mM were investigated to observe the effect on the population dynamics, biochemical composition and fatty acid content of mixed microalgae grown in Anaerobic Liquid Digestate (ALD). Overall, 3.1 mM FeSO4 addition into ALD increased the total protein content 60% and led to highest biomass (1.56 g L-1) and chlorophyll-a amount (18.7 mg L-1) produced. Meanwhile, 0.4 mM MgSO4 addition increased the total carotenoid amount 2.2 folds and slightly increased the biomass amount. According to the microbial community analysis, Diphylleia rotans, Synechocystis PCC-6803 and Chlorella sorokiniana were identified as mostly detected species after confirmation with 4 different markers. The abundance of Chlorella sorokiniana and Synechocystis PCC-6803 increased almost 2 folds both in iron and magnesium addition. On the other hand, the dominancy of Diphylleia rotans was not affected by iron addition while drastically decreased (95%) with magnesium addition. This study helps to understand how the dynamics of symbiotic life changes if macro elements are added to the ALD and reveal that microalgae can adapt to adverse environmental conditions by fostering the diversity with a positive effect on high value product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hande Ermis
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | | | - Tunahan Cakir
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, 41400, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Altinbas
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fasciotti M, Souza GHMF, Astarita G, Costa ICR, Monteiro TVC, Teixeira CMLL, Eberlin MN, Sarpal AS. Investigating the Potential of Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry for Microalgae Biomass Characterization. Anal Chem 2019; 91:9266-9276. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maíra Fasciotti
- National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Division of Chemical and Thermal Metrology, Laboratory of Organic Analysis, 25250-020, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas − UNICAMP, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo H. M. F. Souza
- MS Applications and Development Laboratory, Waters Corporation, 06455-000 Barueri, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Giuseppe Astarita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington DC 20007, United States
| | - Ingrid C. R. Costa
- National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Division of Chemical and Thermal Metrology, Laboratory of Organic Analysis, 25250-020, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thays. V. C. Monteiro
- National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Division of Chemical and Thermal Metrology, Laboratory of Organic Analysis, 25250-020, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Claudia M. L. L. Teixeira
- Microalgal Biotechnology Laboratory, National Institute of Technology (INT), 20081-312 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcos N. Eberlin
- Mackenzie Presbyterian University, School of Engineering, 01302-907 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amarijt S. Sarpal
- National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Division of Chemical and Thermal Metrology, Laboratory of Organic Analysis, 25250-020, Duque de Caxias, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cuchiaro H, Laurens LML. Total Protein Analysis in Algae via Bulk Amino Acid Detection: Optimization of Amino Acid Derivatization after Hydrolysis with O-Phthalaldehyde 3-Mercaptopropionic Acid (OPA-3MPA). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:5672-5679. [PMID: 31017433 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of protein in algal biomass is one of the most critical areas of commercial development of algae characterization for nutritional or other high value applications. A new rapid and accurate method is required that can be widely implemented and that is free from interferences from the complex algal biomass matrix. We developed a simple spectrophotometric method for primary amino acid quantification bulk measurement in an acid hydrolyzed algal biomass preparation, as an alternative to the more labor-intensive amino HPLC acid analysis or less specific nitrogen-to-protein conversion. We have validated an O-phthalaldehyde (OPA)-based derivatization method, showing accurate and linear quantification for standard reference amino acids as well as mixtures, mimicking the amino acid complexity found in algal biomass. The presence of interferences that may be derived from the complex biomass biochemical composition was tested during the method validation phase. We document the application of a novel method of OPA derivatization with 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3MPA) to determine the total amino acid content of harvested algal biomass collected from different, controlled cultivation conditions and demonstrated a within 10% accuracy against a reference measurement of amino acid content in at least 4 species and 10 algal biomass samples, across early, mid, and late-stages of cultivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hunter Cuchiaro
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , 15013 Denver West Parkway , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Lieve M L Laurens
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory , 15013 Denver West Parkway , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Naceradska J, Novotna K, Cermakova L, Cajthaml T, Pivokonsky M. Investigating the coagulation of non-proteinaceous algal organic matter: Optimizing coagulation performance and identification of removal mechanisms. J Environ Sci (China) 2019; 79:25-34. [PMID: 30784448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2018.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The removal of algal organic matter (AOM) is a growing concern for the water treatment industry worldwide. The current study investigates coagulation of non-proteinaceous AOM (AOM after protein separation), which has been minimally explored compared with proteinaceous fractions. Jar tests with either aluminum sulphate (alum) or polyaluminium chloride (PACl) were performed at doses of 0.2-3.0 mg Al per 1 mg of dissolved organic carbon in the pH range 3.0-10.5. Additionally, non-proteinaceous matter was characterized in terms of charge, molecular weight and carbohydrate content to assess the treatability of its different fractions. Results showed that only up to 25% of non-proteinaceous AOM can be removed by coagulation under optimized conditions. The optimal coagulation pH (6.6-8.0 for alum and 7.5-9.0 for PACl) and low surface charge of the removed fraction indicated that the prevailing coagulation mechanism was adsorption of non-proteinaceous matter onto aluminum hydroxide precipitates. The lowest residual Al concentrations were achieved in very narrow pH ranges, especially in the case of PACl. High-molecular weight saccharide-like organics were amenable to coagulation compared to low-molecular weight (<3 kDa) substances. Their high content in non-proteinaceous matter (about 67%) was the reason for its low removal. Comparison with our previous studies implies that proteinaceous and non-proteinaceous matter is coagulated under different conditions due to the employment of diverse coagulation mechanisms. The study suggests that further research should focus on the removal of low-molecular weight AOM, reluctant to coagulate, with other treatment processes to minimize its detrimental effect on water safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Naceradska
- Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Patankou 5, 166 12 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Novotna
- Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Patankou 5, 166 12 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Cermakova
- Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Patankou 5, 166 12 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Tomas Cajthaml
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Pivokonsky
- Institute of Hydrodynamics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Pod Patankou 5, 166 12 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wendt LM, Kinchin C, Wahlen BD, Davis R, Dempster TA, Gerken H. Assessing the stability and techno-economic implications for wet storage of harvested microalgae to manage seasonal variability. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:80. [PMID: 30996735 PMCID: PMC6452513 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1420-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seasonal variation in microalgae production is a significant challenge to developing cost-competitive algae biofuels. Summer production can be three to five times greater than winter production, which could result in winter biomass shortages and summer surpluses at algae biorefineries. While the high water content (80%, wet basis) of harvested microalgae biomass makes drying an expensive approach to preservation, it is not an issue for ensiling. Ensiling relies on lactic acid fermentation to create anaerobic acidic conditions, which limits further microbial degradation. This study explores the feasibility of preserving microalgae biomass through wet anaerobic storage ensiling over 30 and 180 days of storage, and it presents a techno-economic analysis that considers potential cost implications. RESULTS Harvested Scenedesmus acutus biomass untreated (anaerobic) or supplemented with 0.5% sulfuric acid underwent robust lactic acid fermentation (lactic acid content of 6-9%, dry basis) lowering the pH to 4.2. Dry matter losses after 30 days ranged from 10.8 to 15.5% depending on the strain and treatment without additional loss over the next 150 days. Long-term storage of microalgae biomass resulted in lactic acid concentrations that remained high (6%, dry basis) with a low pH (4.2-4.6). Detailed biochemical composition revealed that protein and lipid content remained unaffected by storage while carbohydrate content was reduced, with greater dry matter loss associated with greater reduction in carbohydrate content, primarily affecting glucan content. Techno-economic analysis comparing wet storage to drying and dry storage demonstrated the cost savings of this approach. The most realistic dry storage scenario assumes a contact drum dryer and aboveground carbon steel storage vessels, which translates to a minimum fuel selling price (MFSP) of $3.72/gallon gasoline equivalent (GGE), whereas the most realistic wet storage scenario, which includes belowground, covered wet storage pits translates to an MFSP of $3.40/GGE. CONCLUSIONS Microalgae biomass can be effectively preserved through wet anaerobic storage, limiting dry matter loss to below 10% over 6 months with minimal degradation of carbohydrates and preservation of lipids and proteins. Techno-economic analysis indicates that wet storage can reduce overall biomass and fuel costs compared to drying and dry storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lynn M. Wendt
- Biological and Chemical Processing Department, Idaho National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA
| | | | - Bradley D. Wahlen
- Biological and Chemical Processing Department, Idaho National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1625, Idaho Falls, ID 83415 USA
| | - Ryan Davis
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401 USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Shoener BD, Schramm SM, Béline F, Bernard O, Martínez C, Plósz BG, Snowling S, Steyer JP, Valverde-Pérez B, Wágner D, Guest JS. Microalgae and cyanobacteria modeling in water resource recovery facilities: A critical review. WATER RESEARCH X 2019; 2:100024. [PMID: 31194023 PMCID: PMC6549905 DOI: 10.1016/j.wroa.2018.100024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Microalgal and cyanobacterial resource recovery systems could significantly advance nutrient recovery from wastewater by achieving effluent nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) levels below the current limit of technology. The successful implementation of phytoplankton, however, requires the formulation of process models that balance fidelity and simplicity to accurately simulate dynamic performance in response to environmental conditions. This work synthesizes the range of model structures that have been leveraged for algae and cyanobacteria modeling and core model features that are required to enable reliable process modeling in the context of water resource recovery facilities. Results from an extensive literature review of over 300 published phytoplankton models are presented, with particular attention to similarities with and differences from existing strategies to model chemotrophic wastewater treatment processes (e.g., via the Activated Sludge Models, ASMs). Building on published process models, the core requirements of a model structure for algal and cyanobacterial processes are presented, including detailed recommendations for the prediction of growth (under phototrophic, heterotrophic, and mixotrophic conditions), nutrient uptake, carbon uptake and storage, and respiration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian D. Shoener
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 205 N. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Stephanie M. Schramm
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 205 N. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | | | - Olivier Bernard
- Université Côte d’Azur, INRIA, Biocore, 2004, Route des Lucioles – BP 93, 06 902, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Carlos Martínez
- Université Côte d’Azur, INRIA, Biocore, 2004, Route des Lucioles – BP 93, 06 902, Sophia Antipolis Cedex, France
| | - Benedek G. Plósz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Spencer Snowling
- Hydromantis Environmental Software Solutions, Inc., 407 King Street West, Hamilton, Ontario, L8P 1B5, Canada
| | | | - Borja Valverde-Pérez
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical Univ. of Denmark, Bygningstorvet, Building 115, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Dorottya Wágner
- Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220, Aalborg East, Denmark
| | - Jeremy S. Guest
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 205 N. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Elucidating the unique physiological responses of halotolerant Scenedesmus sp. cultivated in sea water for biofuel production. ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
23
|
Na G, Aryal N, Fatihi A, Kang J, Lu C. Seed-specific suppression of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase in Camelina sativa increases seed size and weight. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:330. [PMID: 30568730 PMCID: PMC6297958 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1334-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Camelina (Camelina sativa L.) is a promising oilseed crop that may provide sustainable feedstock for biofuel production. One of the major drawbacks of Camelina is its smaller seeds compared to other major oil crops such as canola, which limit oil yield and may also pose challenges in successful seedling establishment, especially in dryland cultivation. Previous studies indicate that seed development may be under metabolic control. In oilseeds, starch only accumulates temporarily during seed development but is almost absent in mature seeds. In this study, we explored the effect of altering seed carbohydrate metabolism on Camelina seed size through down-regulating ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), a major enzyme in starch biosynthesis. RESULTS An RNAi construct comprising sequences of the Camelina small subunit of an AGPase (CsAPS) was expressed in Camelina cultivar Suneson under a seed-specific promoter. The RNAi suppression reduced AGPase activities which concurred with moderately decreased starch accumulation during seed development. Transcripts of genes examined that are involved in storage products were not affected, but contents of sugars and water were increased in developing seeds. The transgenic seeds were larger than wild-type plants due to increased cell sizes in seed coat and embryos, and mature seeds contained similar oil but more protein contents. The larger seeds showed advantages on seedling emergence from deep soils. CONCLUSIONS Changing starch and sugar metabolism during seed development may increase the size and mass of seeds without affecting their final oil content in Camelina. Increased seed size may improve seedling establishment in the field and increase seed yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- GunNam Na
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717-3150 USA
| | - Niranjan Aryal
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717-3150 USA
| | - Abdelhak Fatihi
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717-3150 USA
- Present Address: IJPB, INRA, AgroParisTech, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, RD10, 78026 Versailles Cedex, France
| | - Jinling Kang
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717-3150 USA
| | - Chaofu Lu
- Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717-3150 USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Knoshaug EP, Wolfrum E, Laurens LML, Harmon VL, Dempster TA, McGowen J. Unified field studies of the algae testbed public-private partnership as the benchmark for algae agronomics. Sci Data 2018; 5:180267. [PMID: 30480663 PMCID: PMC6257041 DOI: 10.1038/sdata.2018.267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
National scale agronomic projections are an important input for assessing potential benefits of algae cultivation on the future of innovative agriculture. The Algae Testbed Public-Private Partnership was established with the goal of investigating open pond algae cultivation across different geographic, climatic, seasonal, and operational conditions while setting the benchmark for quality data collection, analysis, and dissemination. Identical algae cultivation systems and data analysis methodologies were established at testbed sites across the continental United States and Hawaii. Within this framework, the Unified Field Studies were designed for algae cultivation during all 4 seasons across the testbed network. With increasingly diverse algae research and development, and field deployment strategies, the challenges associated with data collection, quality, and dissemination increase dramatically. The dataset presented here is the complete, curated, climatic, cultivation, harvest, and biomass composition data for each season at each site. These data enable others to do in-depth cultivation, harvest, techno-economic, life cycle, resource, and predictive growth modelling analysis, as well as development of crop protection strategies throughout the algae cultivation industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric P Knoshaug
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, 80401, USA
| | - Ed Wolfrum
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Lieve M L Laurens
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, 80401, USA
| | - Valerie L Harmon
- Harmon Consulting Inc., 64-5162C Kamamalu Street, Kamuela, HI 96743, USA
| | - Thomas A Dempster
- Arizona Center for Algae Technology and Innovation, Arizona State University, Mesa, Arizona, 85212, USA
| | - John McGowen
- Arizona Center for Algae Technology and Innovation, Arizona State University, Mesa, Arizona, 85212, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Leow S, Shoener BD, Li Y, DeBellis JL, Markham J, Davis R, Laurens LML, Pienkos PT, Cook SM, Strathmann TJ, Guest JS. A Unified Modeling Framework to Advance Biofuel Production from Microalgae. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:13591-13599. [PMID: 30358989 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Modeling efforts to understand the financial implications of microalgal biofuels often assume a static basis for microalgae biomass composition and cost, which has constrained cultivation and downstream conversion process design and limited in-depth understanding of their interdependencies. For this work, a dynamic biological cultivation model was integrated with thermo-chemical/biological unit process models for downstream biorefineries to increase modeling fidelity, to provide mechanistic links among unit operations, and to quantify minimum product selling prices of biofuels via techno-economic analysis. Variability in design, cultivation, and conversion parameters were characterized through Monte Carlo simulation, and sensitivity analyses were conducted to identify key cost and fuel yield drivers. Cultivating biomass to achieve the minimum biomass selling price or to achieve maximum lipid content were shown to lead to suboptimal fuel production costs. Depending on biomass composition, both hydrothermal liquefaction and a biochemical fractionation process (combined algal processing) were shown to have advantageous minimum product selling prices, which supports continued investment in multiple conversion pathways. Ultimately, this work demonstrates a clear need to leverage integrated modeling platforms to advance microalgae biofuel systems as a whole, and specific recommendations are made for the prioritization of research and development pathways to achieve economical biofuel production from microalgae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shijie Leow
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign . Newmark Civil Engineering Laboratory, 205 N. Mathews Ave. , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Colorado School of Mines . 1500 Illinois St. , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Brian D Shoener
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign . Newmark Civil Engineering Laboratory, 205 N. Mathews Ave. , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Yalin Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Colorado School of Mines . 1500 Illinois St. , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Jennifer L DeBellis
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign . Newmark Civil Engineering Laboratory, 205 N. Mathews Ave. , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| | - Jennifer Markham
- National Bioenergy Center , National Renewable Energy Laboratory . 15013 Denver West Parkway , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Ryan Davis
- National Bioenergy Center , National Renewable Energy Laboratory . 15013 Denver West Parkway , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Lieve M L Laurens
- National Bioenergy Center , National Renewable Energy Laboratory . 15013 Denver West Parkway , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Philip T Pienkos
- National Bioenergy Center , National Renewable Energy Laboratory . 15013 Denver West Parkway , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Sherri M Cook
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering , University of Colorado Boulder . 4001 Discovery Drive , Boulder , Colorado 80309 , United States
| | - Timothy J Strathmann
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Colorado School of Mines . 1500 Illinois St. , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
- National Bioenergy Center , National Renewable Energy Laboratory . 15013 Denver West Parkway , Golden , Colorado 80401 , United States
| | - Jeremy S Guest
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign . Newmark Civil Engineering Laboratory, 205 N. Mathews Ave. , Urbana , Illinois 61801 , United States
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Arora N, Pienkos PT, Pruthi V, Poluri KM, Guarnieri MT. Leveraging algal omics to reveal potential targets for augmenting TAG accumulation. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1274-1292. [PMID: 29678388 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing global efforts to commercialize microalgal biofuels have expedited the use of multi-omics techniques to gain insights into lipid biosynthetic pathways. Functional genomics analyses have recently been employed to complement existing sequence-level omics studies, shedding light on the dynamics of lipid synthesis and its interplay with other cellular metabolic pathways, thus revealing possible targets for metabolic engineering. Here, we review the current status of algal omics studies to reveal potential targets to augment TAG accumulation in various microalgae. This review specifically aims to examine and catalog systems level data related to stress-induced TAG accumulation in oleaginous microalgae and inform future metabolic engineering strategies to develop strains with enhanced bioproductivity, which could pave a path for sustainable green energy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neha Arora
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Philip T Pienkos
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Vikas Pruthi
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Michael T Guarnieri
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Smith RT, Gilmour DJ. The influence of exogenous organic carbon assimilation and photoperiod on the carbon and lipid metabolism of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
28
|
McKie-Krisberg ZM, Laurens LM, Huang A, Polle JE. Comparative energetics of carbon storage molecules in green algae. ALGAL RES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2018.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
29
|
Wu W, Liu F, Davis RW. Engineering Escherichia coli for the production of terpene mixture enriched in caryophyllene and caryophyllene alcohol as potential aviation fuel compounds. Metab Eng Commun 2018; 6:13-21. [PMID: 29349039 PMCID: PMC5767561 DOI: 10.1016/j.meteno.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that caryophyllene and its stereoisomers not only exhibit multiple biological activities but also have desired properties as renewable candidates for ground transportation and jet fuel applications. This study presents the first significant production of caryophyllene and caryolan-1-ol by an engineered E. coli with heterologous expression of mevalonate pathway genes with a caryophyllene synthase and a caryolan-1-ol synthase. By optimizing metabolic flux and fermentation parameters, the engineered strains yielded 449 mg/L of total terpene, including 406 mg/L sesquiterpene with 100 mg/L caryophyllene and 10 mg/L caryolan-1-ol. Furthermore, a marine microalgae hydrolysate was used as the sole carbon source for the production of caryophyllene and other terpene compounds. Under the optimal fermentation conditions, 360 mg/L of total terpene, 322 mg/L of sesquiterpene, and 75 mg/L caryophyllene were obtained from the pretreated algae hydrolysates. The highest yields achieved on the biomass basis were 48 mg total terpene/g algae and 10 mg caryophyllene/g algae and the caryophyllene yield is approximately ten times higher than that from plant tissues by solvent extraction. The study provides a sustainable alternative for production of caryophyllene and its alcohol from microalgae biomass as potential candidates for next generation aviation fuels. E. coli was engineered to yield terpene enriched in caryophyllene and caryolan-1-ol. Yields were improved through metabolic flux and culture parameters optimization. Algae hydrolysate was converted to terpene at high yields using engineered strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Wu
- Department of Biomass Science & Conversion Technologies, Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Biomass Science & Conversion Technologies, Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Ryan W Davis
- Department of Biomass Science & Conversion Technologies, Sandia National Laboratories, 7011 East Avenue, Livermore, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Laurens LML, Olstad JL, Templeton DW. Total Protein Content Determination of Microalgal Biomass by Elemental Nitrogen Analysis and a Dedicated Nitrogen-to-Protein Conversion Factor. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1980:233-242. [PMID: 29675783 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2018_126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Accurately determining protein content is important in the valorization of algal biomass in food, feed, and fuel markets, where these values are used for component balance calculations. Conversion of elemental nitrogen to protein is a well-accepted and widely practiced method, but depends on developing an applicable nitrogen-to-protein conversion factor. The methodology reported here covers the quantitative assessment of the total nitrogen content of algal biomass and a description of the methodology that underpins the accurate de novo calculation of a dedicated nitrogen-to-protein conversion factor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L M L Laurens
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, National Bioenergy Center, Golden, CO, USA.
| | - J L Olstad
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, National Bioenergy Center, Golden, CO, USA
| | - D W Templeton
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, National Bioenergy Center, Golden, CO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Total Fatty Acid Content Determination of Whole Microalgal Biomass Using In Situ Transesterification. Methods Mol Biol 2017. [PMID: 29199376 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2017_107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
The aliphatic chains of fatty acids are the most prominent and potentially the highest value precursor constituents of algal biomass, and thus accurately quantifying the algal biomass total fatty acid content is a prerequisite for comparing algal strains, growth conditions, and processes. Direct, acid-catalyzed transesterification of whole microalgal biomass is a simple, effective, and widely used method to determine the fatty acid content in whole algal biomass. Such a direct transesterification procedure typically covers the following steps: first, solubilizing the lipids in the biomass matrix and then liberating the fatty acids to make these available for catalytic upgrading to fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), subsequent extraction into hexane, and then quantification by gas chromatography. The method we describe here requires less than 10 mg of biomass per sample and is considered high-throughput and highly accurate.
Collapse
|
32
|
Wendt LM, Wahlen BD, Li C, Ross JA, Sexton DM, Lukas JC, Hartley DS, Murphy JA. Evaluation of a high-moisture stabilization strategy for harvested microalgae blended with herbaceous biomass: Part II — Techno-economic assessment. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
33
|
Harmonization of experimental approach and data collection to streamline analysis of biomass composition from algae in an inter-laboratory setting. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
34
|
McGowen J, Knoshaug EP, Laurens LM, Dempster TA, Pienkos PT, Wolfrum E, Harmon VL. The Algae Testbed Public-Private Partnership (ATP3) framework; establishment of a national network of testbed sites to support sustainable algae production. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
35
|
Neutral sugars determination in Chlorella: Use of a one-step dilute sulfuric acid hydrolysis with reduced sample size followed by HPAEC analysis. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
36
|
Van Wychen S, Long W, Black SK, Laurens LM. MBTH: A novel approach to rapid, spectrophotometric quantitation of total algal carbohydrates. Anal Biochem 2017; 518:90-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2016.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
37
|
Cheng D, Li D, Yuan Y, Zhou L, Li X, Wu T, Wang L, Zhao Q, Wei W, Sun Y. Improving carbohydrate and starch accumulation in Chlorella sp. AE10 by a novel two-stage process with cell dilution. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:75. [PMID: 28344650 PMCID: PMC5364641 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0753-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microalgae are highly efficient cellular factories that capture CO2 and are also alternative feedstock for biofuel production. Carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids are major biochemical components in microalgae. Carbohydrates or starch in microalgae are possible substrates in yeast fermentation for biofuel production. The carbon partitioning in microalgae could be regulated through environmental stresses, such as high concentration of CO2, high light intensity, and nitrogen starvation conditions. It is essential to obtain carbohydrate-rich microalgae via an optimal bioprocess strategy. RESULTS The carbohydrate accumulation in a CO2 tolerance strain, Chlorella sp. AE10, was investigated with a two-stage process. The CO2 concentration, light intensity, and initial nitrogen concentration were changed drastically in both stages. During the first stage, it was cultivated over 3 days under 1% CO2, a photon flux of 100 μmol m-2 s-1, and 1.5 g L-1 NaNO3. It was cultivated under 10% CO2, 1000 μmol m-2 s-1, and 0.375 g L-1 NaNO3 during the second stage. In addition, two operation modes were compared. At the beginning of the second stage of mode 2, cells were diluted to 0.1 g L-1 and there was no cell dilution in mode 1. The total carbohydrate productivity of mode 2 was increased about 42% compared with that of mode 1. The highest total carbohydrate content and the highest starch content of mode 2 were 77.6% (DW) and 60.3% (DW) at day 5, respectively. The starch productivity was 0.311 g L-1 day-1 and the total carbohydrate productivity was 0.421 g L-1 day-1 in 6 days. CONCLUSIONS In this study, a novel two-stage process was proposed for improving carbohydrate and starch accumulation in Chlorella sp. AE10. Despite cell dilution at the beginning of the second stage, environmental stress conditions of high concentration of CO2, high light intensity, and limited nitrogen concentration at the second stage were critical for carbohydrate and starch accumulation. Although the cells were diluted, the growths were not inhibited and the carbohydrate productivity was improved. These results were helpful to establish an integrated approach from CO2 capture to biofuel production by microalgae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dujia Cheng
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049 China
- ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Dengjin Li
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Yizhong Yuan
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049 China
- ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Xuyang Li
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Tong Wu
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Liang Wang
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Quanyu Zhao
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210 China
- ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Wei Wei
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210 China
- ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210 China
| | - Yuhan Sun
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 99 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210 China
- ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210 China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Dong T, Knoshaug EP, Davis R, Laurens LM, Van Wychen S, Pienkos PT, Nagle N. Combined algal processing: A novel integrated biorefinery process to produce algal biofuels and bioproducts. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2015.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
39
|
Impact of biochemical composition on susceptibility of algal biomass to acid-catalyzed pretreatment for sugar and lipid recovery. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
40
|
Ortiz-Tena JG, Rühmann B, Schieder D, Sieber V. Revealing the diversity of algal monosaccharides: Fast carbohydrate fingerprinting of microalgae using crude biomass and showcasing sugar distribution in Chlorella vulgaris by biomass fractionation. ALGAL RES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
41
|
Vandamme D, Beuckels A, Vadelius E, Depraetere O, Noppe W, Dutta A, Foubert I, Laurens L, Muylaert K. Inhibition of alkaline flocculation by algal organic matter for Chlorella vulgaris. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 88:301-307. [PMID: 26512808 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2015.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Alkaline flocculation is a promising strategy for the concentration of microalgae for bulk biomass production. However, previous studies have shown that biological changes during the cultivation negatively affect flocculation efficiency. The influence of changes in cell properties and in the quality and composition of algal organic matter (AOM) were studied using Chlorella vulgaris as a model species. In batch cultivation, flocculation was increasingly inhibited over time and mainly influenced by changes in medium composition, rather than biological changes at the cell surface. Total carbohydrate content of the organic matter fraction sized bigger than 3 kDa increased over time and this fraction was shown to be mainly responsible for the inhibition of alkaline flocculation. The monosaccharide identification of this fraction mainly showed the presence of neutral and anionic monosaccharides. The addition of 30-50 mg L(-1) alginic acid, as a model for anionic carbohydrate polymers containing uronic acids, resulted in a complete inhibition of flocculation. These results suggest that inhibition of alkaline flocculation was caused by interaction of anionic polysaccharides leading to an increased flocculant demand over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dries Vandamme
- KU Leuven Kulak, Laboratory of Aquatic Biology, E. Sabbelaan 53, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium.
| | - Annelies Beuckels
- KU Leuven Kulak, Laboratory of Aquatic Biology, E. Sabbelaan 53, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Eric Vadelius
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Orily Depraetere
- KU Leuven Kulak, Laboratory of Aquatic Biology, E. Sabbelaan 53, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Wim Noppe
- IRF Life Siences, KU Leuven Kulak, E. Sabbelaan 53, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| | - Abhishek Dutta
- KU Leuven, Campus Groep T Leuven, Faculteit Industriële Ingenieurswetenschappen, Andreas Vesaliusstraat 13, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Imogen Foubert
- KU Leuven Kulak, Research Unit Food & Lipids, Department of Molecular and Microbial Systems Kulak, Etienne Sabbelaan 53, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium; Leuven Food Science and Nutrition Research Centre (LFoRCe), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Lieve Laurens
- National Bioenergy Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO 80401, USA
| | - Koenraad Muylaert
- KU Leuven Kulak, Laboratory of Aquatic Biology, E. Sabbelaan 53, B-8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Nutrient and media recycling in heterotrophic microalgae cultures. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:1061-1075. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7138-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
43
|
Templeton DW, Laurens LM. Nitrogen-to-protein conversion factors revisited for applications of microalgal biomass conversion to food, feed and fuel. ALGAL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
44
|
Laurens LM, Slaby EF, Clapper GM, Howell S, Scott D. Algal Biomass for Biofuels and Bioproducts: Overview of Boundary Conditions and Regulatory Landscape to Define Future Algal Biorefineries. Ind Biotechnol (New Rochelle N Y) 2015. [DOI: 10.1089/ind.2015.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lieve M.L. Laurens
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO
- Algae Biomass Organization, Technical Standards Committee, St. Paul, MN
| | - Emilie F. Slaby
- Algae Biomass Organization, Technical Standards Committee, St. Paul, MN
| | - Gina M. Clapper
- Algae Biomass Organization, Technical Standards Committee, St. Paul, MN
- American Oil Chemists' Society, Urbana, IL
| | - Steve Howell
- Algae Biomass Organization, Technical Standards Committee, St. Paul, MN
- National Biodiesel Board, Jefferson City, MO
| | - Don Scott
- National Biodiesel Board, Jefferson City, MO
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Pyrolysis GC–MS as a novel analysis technique to determine the biochemical composition of microalgae. ALGAL RES 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|