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Ji Z, Li X, Gao W, Xia Q, Li J. ALOX5 induces EMT and promotes cell metastasis via the LTB4/BLT2/PI3K/AKT pathway in ovarian cancer. Cell Signal 2024; 124:111404. [PMID: 39255924 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer represents the most lethal gynecological malignancy with high invasiveness. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays a critical role in cancer metastasis. However, the role of ALOX5 in EMT and cancer metastasis in ovarian cancer (OC) remain unclear. In this study, ALOX5 was significantly upregulated in tumorous and metastatic tissue compared with normal tissue. Furthermore, we found that overexpression of ALOX5 promoted cell migration and invasion, while silencing of ALOX5 suppressed migration and invasion in OC cell lines. Mechanistically, we found that enhanced expression of ALOX5 promoted EMT and cancer metastasis through activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, whereas SNAIl inhibited the transcription of CDH1 in OC cells. Taken together, our results highlight a role for the ALOX5/PI3K/AKT/ SNAI1 axis in OC, which provides novel strategies for the prevention of metastasis in OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaodong Ji
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Xiaoqi Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Centre, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wen Gao
- Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China
| | - Qiuyi Xia
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jiwei Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 41000, China.
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2
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Ranea-Robles P, Houten SM. The biochemistry and physiology of long-chain dicarboxylic acid metabolism. Biochem J 2023; 480:607-627. [PMID: 37140888 PMCID: PMC10214252 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20230041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial β-oxidation is the most prominent pathway for fatty acid oxidation but alternative oxidative metabolism exists. Fatty acid ω-oxidation is one of these pathways and forms dicarboxylic acids as products. These dicarboxylic acids are metabolized through peroxisomal β-oxidation representing an alternative pathway, which could potentially limit the toxic effects of fatty acid accumulation. Although dicarboxylic acid metabolism is highly active in liver and kidney, its role in physiology has not been explored in depth. In this review, we summarize the biochemical mechanism of the formation and degradation of dicarboxylic acids through ω- and β-oxidation, respectively. We will discuss the role of dicarboxylic acids in different (patho)physiological states with a particular focus on the role of the intermediates and products generated through peroxisomal β-oxidation. This review is expected to increase the understanding of dicarboxylic acid metabolism and spark future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Ranea-Robles
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sander M Houten
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, U.S.A
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3
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Polyunsaturated and Saturated Oxylipin Plasma Levels Allow Monitoring the Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Progression to Severe Stages. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030711. [PMID: 36978959 PMCID: PMC10045849 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fat accumulation is the hallmark of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Our aim was to determine the plasma levels of oxylipins, free polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and markers of lipid peroxidation in patients with NAFLD in progressive stages of the pathology. Ninety 40–60-year-old adults diagnosed with metabolic syndrome were distributed in without, mild, moderate or severe NAFLD stages. The free PUFA and oxylipin plasma levels were determined by the UHPLC–MS/MS system. The plasma levels of oxylipins produced by cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases and cytochrome P450, such as prostaglandin 2α (PGF2α), lipoxinB4 and maresin-1, were higher in severe NAFLD patients, pointing to the coexistence of both inflammation and resolution processes. The plasma levels of the saturated oxylipins 16-hydroxyl-palmitate and 3-hydroxyl-myristate were also higher in the severe NAFLD patients, suggesting a dysregulation of oxidation of fatty acids. The plasma 12-hydroxyl-estearate (12HEST) levels in severe NAFLD were higher than in the other stages, indicating that the hydroxylation of saturated fatty acid produced by reactive oxygen species is more present in this severe stage of NAFLD. The plasma levels of 12HEST and PGF2α are potential candidate biomarkers for diagnosing NAFLD vs. non-NAFLD. In conclusion, the NAFLD progression can be monitored by measuring the plasma levels of free PUFA and oxylipins characterizing the different NAFLD stages or the absence of this disease in metabolic syndrome patients.
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ElKhatib MAW, Isse FA, El-Kadi AOS. Effect of inflammation on cytochrome P450-mediated arachidonic acid metabolism and the consequences on cardiac hypertrophy. Drug Metab Rev 2022; 55:50-74. [PMID: 36573379 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2022.2162075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of heart failure (HF) is generally preceded by cardiac hypertrophy (CH), which is the enlargement of cardiac myocytes in response to stress. During CH, the metabolism of arachidonic acid (AA), which is present in the cell membrane phospholipids, is modulated. Metabolism of AA gives rise to hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) via cytochrome P450 (CYP) ω-hydroxylases and CYP epoxygenases, respectively. A plethora of studies demonstrated the involvement of CYP-mediated AA metabolites in the pathogenesis of CH. Also, inflammation is known to be a characteristic hallmark of CH. In this review, our aim is to highlight the impact of inflammation on CYP-derived AA metabolites and CH. Inflammation is shown to modulate the expression of various CYP ω-hydroxylases and CYP epoxygenases and their respective metabolites in the heart. In general, HETEs such as 20-HETE and mid-chain HETEs are pro-inflammatory, while EETs are characterized by their anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective properties. Several mechanisms are implicated in inflammation-induced CH, including the modulation of NF-κB and MAPK. This review demonstrated the inflammatory modulation of cardiac CYPs and their metabolites in the context of CH and the anti-inflammatory strategies that can be employed in the treatment of CH and HF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fadumo Ahmed Isse
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
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5
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Chen C, Liao J, Xia Y, Liu X, Jones R, Haran J, McCormick B, Sampson TR, Alam A, Ye K. Gut microbiota regulate Alzheimer's disease pathologies and cognitive disorders via PUFA-associated neuroinflammation. Gut 2022; 71:2233-2252. [PMID: 35017199 PMCID: PMC10720732 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-326269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study is to investigate the role of gut dysbiosis in triggering inflammation in the brain and its contribution to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. DESIGN We analysed the gut microbiota composition of 3×Tg mice in an age-dependent manner. We generated germ-free 3×Tg mice and recolonisation of germ-free 3×Tg mice with fecal samples from both patients with AD and age-matched healthy donors. RESULTS Microbial 16S rRNA sequencing revealed Bacteroides enrichment. We found a prominent reduction of cerebral amyloid-β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles pathology in germ-free 3×Tg mice as compared with specific-pathogen-free mice. And hippocampal RNAseq showed that inflammatory pathway and insulin/IGF-1 signalling in 3×Tg mice brain are aberrantly altered in the absence of gut microbiota. Poly-unsaturated fatty acid metabolites identified by metabolomic analysis, and their oxidative enzymes were selectively elevated, corresponding with microglia activation and inflammation. AD patients' gut microbiome exacerbated AD pathologies in 3×Tg mice, associated with C/EBPβ/asparagine endopeptidase pathway activation and cognitive dysfunctions compared with healthy donors' microbiota transplants. CONCLUSIONS These findings support that a complex gut microbiome is required for behavioural defects, microglia activation and AD pathologies, the gut microbiome contributes to pathologies in an AD mouse model and that dysbiosis of the human microbiome might be a risk factor for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jianming Liao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yiyuan Xia
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Xia Liu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rheinallt Jones
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - John Haran
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for Microbiome Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Beth McCormick
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Ashfaqul Alam
- Microbiology, Immunology & Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Keqiang Ye
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disorders Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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Singh RD, Avadhesh A, Sharma G, Dholariya S, Shah RB, Goyal B, Gupta SC. Potential of cytochrome P450, a family of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes, in cancer therapy. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 38:853-876. [PMID: 36242099 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2022.0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Targeted cancer therapy with minimal off-target consequences has shown promise for some cancer types. Although cytochrome P450 (CYP) consists of 18 families, CYP1-4 families play key role in metabolizing xenobiotics and cancer drugs. This eventually affects the process of carcinogenesis, treatment outcome, and cancer drug resistance. Differential overexpression of CYPs in transformed cells, together with phenotypic alterations in tumors, presents a potential for therapeutic intervention. RECENT ADVANCES Recent advances in molecular tools and information technology have helped utilize CYPs as cancer targets. The precise expression in various tumors, X-ray crystal structures, improved understanding of the structure-activity relationship, and new approaches in the development of prodrugs have supported the ongoing efforts to develop CYPs-based drugs with a better therapeutic index. CRITICAL ISSUES Narrow therapeutic index, off-target effects, drug resistance, and tumor heterogeneity limit the benefits of CYP-based conventional cancer therapies. In this review, we address the CYP1-4 families as druggable targets in cancer. An emphasis is given to the CYP expression, function, and the possible mechanisms that drive expression and activity in normal and transformed tissues. The strategies that inhibit or activate CYPs for therapeutic benefits are also discussed. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Efforts are needed to develop more selective tools that will help comprehend molecular and metabolic alterations in tumor tissues with biological end-points in relation to CYPs. This will eventually translate to developing more specific CYP inhibitors/inducers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ragini D Singh
- AIIMS Rajkot, 618032, Biochemistry, Rajkot, Gujarat, India;
| | - Avadhesh Avadhesh
- Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Biochemistry, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- AIIMS Rajkot, 618032, Physiology, Rajkot, Gujarat, India;
| | | | - Rima B Shah
- AIIMS Rajkot, 618032, Pharmacology, Rajkot, Gujarat, India;
| | - Bela Goyal
- AIIMS Rishikesh, 442339, Biochemistry, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India;
| | - Subash Chandra Gupta
- Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India, 221005;
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Kobayashi H, Amrein K, Lasky-Su JA, Christopher KB. Procalcitonin metabolomics in the critically ill reveal relationships between inflammation intensity and energy utilization pathways. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23194. [PMID: 34853395 PMCID: PMC8636627 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02679-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Procalcitonin is a biomarker of systemic inflammation and may have importance in the immune response. The metabolic response to elevated procalcitonin in critical illness is not known. The response to inflammation is vitally important to understanding metabolism alterations during extreme stress. Our aim was to determine if patients with elevated procalcitonin have differences in the metabolomic response to early critical illness. We performed a metabolomics study of the VITdAL-ICU trial where subjects received high dose vitamin D3 or placebo. Mixed-effects modeling was used to study changes in metabolites over time relative to procalcitonin levels adjusted for age, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, admission diagnosis, day 0 25-hydroxyvitamin D level, and the 25-hydroxyvitamin D response to intervention. With elevated procalcitonin, multiple members of the short and medium chain acylcarnitine, dicarboxylate fatty acid, branched-chain amino acid, and pentose phosphate pathway metabolite classes had significantly positive false discovery rate corrected associations. Further, multiple long chain acylcarnitines and lysophosphatidylcholines had significantly negative false discovery rate corrected associations with elevated procalcitonin. Gaussian graphical model analysis revealed functional modules specific to elevated procalcitonin. Our findings show that metabolite differences exist with increased procalcitonin indicating activation of branched chain amino acid dehydrogenase and a metabolic shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotada Kobayashi
- Division of Renal Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Karin Amrein
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jessica A Lasky-Su
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Kenneth B Christopher
- Division of Renal Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Ni KD, Liu JY. The Functions of Cytochrome P450 ω-hydroxylases and the Associated Eicosanoids in Inflammation-Related Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:716801. [PMID: 34594219 PMCID: PMC8476763 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.716801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The cytochrome P450 (CYP) ω-hydroxylases are a subfamily of CYP enzymes. While CYPs are the main metabolic enzymes that mediate the oxidation reactions of many endogenous and exogenous compounds in the human body, CYP ω-hydroxylases mediate the metabolism of multiple fatty acids and their metabolites via the addition of a hydroxyl group to the ω- or (ω-1)-C atom of the substrates. The substrates of CYP ω-hydroxylases include but not limited to arachidonic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, epoxyeicosatrienoic acids, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins. The CYP ω-hydroxylases-mediated metabolites, such as 20-hyroxyleicosatrienoic acid (20-HETE), 19-HETE, 20-hydroxyl leukotriene B4 (20-OH-LTB4), and many ω-hydroxylated prostaglandins, have pleiotropic effects in inflammation and many inflammation-associated diseases. Here we reviewed the classification, tissue distribution of CYP ω-hydroxylases and the role of their hydroxylated metabolites in inflammation-associated diseases. We described up-regulation of CYP ω-hydroxylases may be a pathogenic mechanism of many inflammation-associated diseases and thus CYP ω-hydroxylases may be a therapeutic target for these diseases. CYP ω-hydroxylases-mediated eicosanods play important roles in inflammation as pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory mediators, participating in the process stimulated by cytokines and/or the process stimulating the production of multiple cytokines. However, most previous studies focused on 20-HETE,and further studies are needed for the function and mechanisms of other CYP ω-hydroxylases-mediated eicosanoids. We believe that our studies of CYP ω-hydroxylases and their associated eicosanoids will advance the translational and clinal use of CYP ω-hydroxylases inhibitors and activators in many diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Di Ni
- Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun-Yan Liu
- Center for Novel Target and Therapeutic Intervention, Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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9
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Chen Z, Cheng X, Zhang L, Tang L, Fang Y, Chen H, Zhang L, Shen A. The impact of IL-10 and CYP3A5 gene polymorphisms on dose-adjusted trough blood tacrolimus concentrations in early post-renal transplant recipients. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:1418-1426. [PMID: 34089513 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00288-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The strong inter-individual pharmacokinetic variability and the narrow therapeutic window of tacrolimus (TAC) have hampered the clinical application. Gene polymorphisms play an important role in TAC pharmacokinetics. Here, we investigate the influence of genotypes of IL-10, CYP3A5, CYP2C8, and ABCB1 on dose-adjusted trough blood concentrations (the C0/D ratio) of TAC to reveal unclear genetic factors that may affect TAC dose requirements for renal transplant recipients. METHODS Genetic polymorphisms of IL-10, CYP3A5, CYP2C8, and ABCB1 in 188 renal transplant recipients were determined using Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP). Statistical analysis was applied to examine the effect of genetic variation on the TAC C0/D at 5, 10, 15, and 30 days after transplantation. RESULTS Recipients carrying the IL-10 -819C > T TT genotype showed a significantly higher TAC C0/D than those with the TC/CC genotype (p < 0.05). Additionally, the TAC C0/D values of recipients with the capacity for low IL-10 activity (-819 TT) engrafted with CYP3A5 non-expressers were higher compared to the intermediate/high activity of IL-10 -819C > T TC or CC carrying CYP3A5 expressers, and the difference was statistically significant at different time points (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Genetic polymorphisms of IL-10 -819C > T and CYP3A5 6986A > G influence the TAC C0/D, which may contribute to variation in TAC dose requirements during the early post-transplantation period. Detecting IL-10 -819C > T and CYP3A5 6986A > G polymorphisms may allow determination of individualized tacrolimus dosage regimens for renal transplant recipients during the early post-transplantation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolin Chen
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Anhui Provincial Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Cheng
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Anhui Provincial Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People's Republic of China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Department of Data & Analytics, WuXi Diagnostics Limited Corporation, Shanghai, 200131, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqin Tang
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Anhui Provincial Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Fang
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Anhui Provincial Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxiao Chen
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Anhui Provincial Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Anhui Provincial Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Aizong Shen
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Anhui Provincial Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Yang B, Zha R, Zhao W, Gong D, Meng X, Zhang Z, Zhu L, Qi N, Wang B. Comparative transcriptome analysis of the fungus Gibberella zeae transforming lithocholic acid into ursodeoxycholic acid. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 43:415-422. [PMID: 33179169 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-03048-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The comparative transcriptome analysis of the fungus Gibberella zeae which could efficiently catalyze the 7β-hydroxylation of LCA to produce UDCA was performed with LCA induction. This is the first time to report the comparative transcriptome of fungus under LCA treatment. Totally, 1364 differentially expressed genes including 770 up-regulated and 594 down-regulated genes were identified. In the 770 up-regulated genes, 12 genes with the function of hydroxylation were picked out by application of function screening, which were annotated as CYP450 or hydroxylase. Moreover, the qRT-PCR results of five up-regulated CYP450-like genes confirmed the credibility of RNA-Seq further. These results provide valuable information for the discovery of novel enzyme producing clinical drug UDCA from butchery byproduct LCA, and also might indicate some clues for the detoxification process of LCA in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biling Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Renfen Zha
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Wenyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Daoyong Gong
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Xinhua Meng
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Liancai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
| | - Na Qi
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
| | - Bochu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
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11
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Xenobiotica-metabolizing enzyme induction potential of chemicals in animal studies: NanoString nCounter gene expression and peptide group-specific immunoaffinity as accelerated and economical substitutions for enzyme activity determinations? Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:2663-2682. [PMID: 32451601 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02777-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Xenobiotica-metabolizing enzyme (XME) induction is a relevant biological/biochemical process vital to understanding the toxicological profile of xenobiotics. Early recognition of XME induction potential of compounds under development is therefore important, yet its determination by traditional XME activity measurements is time consuming and cost intensive. A proof-of-principle study was therefore designed due to the advent of faster and less cost-intensive methods for determination of enzyme protein and transcript levels to determine whether two such methods may substitute for traditional measurement of XME activity determinations. The results of the study show that determination of enzyme protein levels by peptide group-specific immunoaffinity enrichment/MS and/or determination of gene expression by NanoString nCounter may serve as substitutes for traditional evaluation methodology and/or as an early predictor of potential changes in liver enzymes. In this study, changes of XME activity by the known standard XME inducers phenobarbital, beta-naphthoflavone and Aroclor 1254 were demonstrated by these two methods. To investigate the applicability of these methods to demonstrate XME-inducing activity of an unknown, TS was also examined and found to be an XME inducer. More specifically, TS was found to be a phenobarbital-type inducer (likely mediated by CAR rather than PXR as nuclear receptor), but not due to Ah receptor-mediated or antioxidant response element-mediated beta-naphthoflavone-type induction. The results for TS were confirmed via enzymatic activity measurements. The results of the present study demonstrate the potential applicability of NanoString nCounter mRNA quantitation and peptide group-specific immunoaffinity enrichment/MS protein quantitation for predicting compounds under development to be inducers of liver XME activity.
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Johnson AL, Edson KZ, Totah RA, Rettie AE. Cytochrome P450 ω-Hydroxylases in Inflammation and Cancer. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2015; 74:223-62. [PMID: 26233909 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2015.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450-dependent ω-hydroxylation is a prototypic metabolic reaction of CYP4 family members that is important for the elimination and bioactivation of not only therapeutic drugs, but also endogenous compounds, principally fatty acids. Eicosanoids, derived from arachidonic acid, are key substrates in the latter category. Human CYP4 enzymes, mainly CYP4A11, CYP4F2, and CYP4F3B, hydroxylate arachidonic acid at the omega position to form 20-HETE, which has important effects in tumor progression and on angiogenesis and blood pressure regulation in the vasculature and kidney. CYP4F3A in myeloid tissue catalyzes the ω-hydroxylation of leukotriene B4 to 20-hydroxy leukotriene B4, an inactivation process that is critical for the regulation of the inflammatory response. Here, we review the enzymology, tissue distribution, and substrate selectivity of human CYP4 ω-hydroxylases and their roles as catalysts for the formation and termination of the biological effects of key eicosanoid metabolites in inflammation and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Johnson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Katheryne Z Edson
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA; Amgen Inc., Thousand Oaks, California, USA
| | - Rheem A Totah
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Allan E Rettie
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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Association between interleukin-18 promoter variants and tacrolimus pharmacokinetics in Chinese renal transplant patients. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2014; 71:191-8. [PMID: 25487141 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-014-1785-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Interleukin 18 (IL-18) is a potent proinflammatory cytokine thought to down-regulate cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme activities. This study aimed to assess the potential influence of two functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL-18 promoter region on the tacrolimus pharmacokinetics in Chinese renal transplant patients. METHODS We enrolled 96 renal allograft recipients receiving tacrolimus-based immunosuppressive regiments. Two functional SNPs in the IL-18 gene promoter region at the positions -137G/C (rs187283) and -607A/C (rs1946518) and one SNP (rs776746) of CYP3A5 were genotyped using a Mass ARRAY platform. Tacrolimus daily doses (mg/day) and trough tacrolimus concentration (ng/ml) were continuously recorded for 1 month after transplantation. RESULTS The tacrolimus C/D ratio was significantly associated with the IL-18 rs1946518 gene polymorphism in the first month after transplantation (P = 0.0225). We studied the influence of its polymorphism on tacrolimus C/D ratios in subjects with different CYP3A5 genotype backgrounds, and among patients with CYP3A5 expressers, the difference among the three genotypes was even more striking (P < 0.001). We did not find significant differences in tacrolimus C/D ratios between the IL-18 rs187238 genotypes, either nominally or according to the CYP3A5 genotype. In a simple linear regression model, age, hemoglobin (Hb), CYP3A5 gene polymorphisms, and IL-18 A-607C gene polymorphisms were associated with log-transformed tacrolimus C/D ratios (P < 0.05). In the final multiple linear regression model, CYP3A5 polymorphisms were the most important variant, accounting for 19.5 % of total variation involved in tacrolimus pharmacokinetics. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that a combined analysis of CYP3A5 and IL-18 promoter polymorphisms may help clinicians develop individualized tacrolimus treatment, which is based on determining CYP3A5 genotype.
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Knops N, Levtchenko E, van den Heuvel B, Kuypers D. From gut to kidney: transporting and metabolizing calcineurin-inhibitors in solid organ transplantation. Int J Pharm 2013; 452:14-35. [PMID: 23711732 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2013.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2013] [Revised: 05/08/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Since their introduction circa 35 years ago, calcineurin-inhibitors (CNI) have become the cornerstone of immunosuppressive therapy in solid organ transplantation. However, CNI's possess a narrow therapeutic index with potential severe consequences of drug under- or overexposure. This demands a meticulous policy of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) to optimize outcome. In clinical practice optimal dosing is difficult to achieve due to important inter- and intraindividual variation in CNI pharmacokinetics. A complex and often interdependent set of factors appears relevant in determining drug exposure. These include recipient characteristics such as age, race, body composition, organ function, and food intake, but also graft-related characteristics such as: size, donor-age, and time after transplantation can be important. Fundamental (in vitro) and clinical studies have pointed out the intrinsic relation between the aforementioned variables and the functional capacity of enzymes and transporters involved in CNI metabolism, primarily located in intestine, liver and kidney. Commonly occurring polymorphisms in genes responsible for CNI metabolism (CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP3A7, PXR, POR, ABCB1 (P-gp) and possibly UGT) are able to explain an important part of interindividual variability. In particular, a highly prevalent SNP in CYP3A5 has proven to be an important determinant of CNI dose requirements and drug-dose-interactions. In addition, a discrepancy in genotype between graft and receptor has to be taken into account. Furthermore, common phenomena in solid organ transplantation such as inflammation, ischemia- reperfusion injury, graft function, co-medication, altered food intake and intestinal motility can have a differential effect on the expression enzymes and transporters involved in CNI metabolism. Notwithstanding the built-up knowledge, predicting individual CNI pharmacokinetics and dose requirements on the basis of current clinical and experimental data remains a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noël Knops
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Solid Organ Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, Belgium.
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Sehgal N, Kumawat KL, Basu A, Ravindranath V. Fenofibrate reduces mortality and precludes neurological deficits in survivors in murine model of Japanese encephalitis viral infection. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35427. [PMID: 22514742 PMCID: PMC3325984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Japanese encephalitis (JE), the most common form of viral encephalitis occurs periodically in endemic areas leading to high mortality and neurological deficits in survivors. It is caused by a flavivirus, Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), which is transmitted to humans through mosquitoes. No effective cure exists for reducing mortality and morbidity caused by JEV infection, which is primarily due to excessive inflammatory response. Fenofibrate, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα) agonist is known to resolve inflammation by repressing nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and enhancing transcription of anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory genes. In addition, fenofibrate also up-regulates a class of proteins, cytochrome P4504Fs (Cyp4fs), which are involved in detoxification of the potent pro-inflammatory eicosanoid, leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)) to 20-hydroxy LTB(4). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The neuroprotective effect of fenofibrate was examined using in vitro (BV-2 microglial cell line) and in vivo (BALB/c mice) models of JEV infection. Mice were treated with fenofibrate for 2 or 4 days prior to JEV exposure. Pretreatment with fenofibrate for 4 but not 2 days reduced mortality by 80% and brain LTB(4) levels decreased concomitantly with the induction of Cyp4f15 and 4f18, which catalyze detoxification of LTB(4) through hydroxylation. Expression of cytokines and chemokine decreased significantly as did microglial activation and replication of the JEV virus. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Fenofibrate confers neuroprotection against Japanese encephalitis, in vivo, in mouse model of JEV infection. Thus, fenofibrate, a PPARα agonist that is commonly used as a hypolipidemic drug could potentially be used for prophylaxis during JE epidemics to reduce mortality and morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vijayalakshmi Ravindranath
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, National Brain Research Centre, Nainwal Mode, Manesar, Haryana, India
- * E-mail:
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The associations of IL-18 serum levels and promoter polymorphism with tacrolimus pharmacokinetics and hepatic allograft dysfunction in Chinese liver transplantation recipients. Gene 2012; 491:251-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2011.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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17
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Hutchinson JL, Rajagopal SP, Sales KJ, Jabbour HN. Molecular regulators of resolution of inflammation: potential therapeutic targets in the reproductive system. Reproduction 2011; 142:15-28. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-11-0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory processes are central to reproductive events including ovulation, menstruation, implantation and labour, while inflammatory dysregulation is a feature of numerous reproductive pathologies. In recent years, there has been much research into the endogenous mechanisms by which inflammatory reactions are terminated and tissue homoeostasis is restored, a process termed resolution. The identification and characterisation of naturally occurring pro-resolution mediators including lipoxins and annexin A1 has prompted a shift in the field of anti-inflammation whereby resolution is now observed as an active process, triggered as part of a normal inflammatory response. This review will address the process of resolution, discuss available evidence for expression of pro-resolution factors in the reproductive tract and explore possible roles for resolution in physiological reproductive processes and associated pathologies.
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18
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Cytochrome P4504f, a potential therapeutic target limiting neuroinflammation. Biochem Pharmacol 2011; 82:53-64. [PMID: 21466787 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2011.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Revised: 03/24/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Inflammatory processes are involved in the pathogenesis and/or progression of acute central nervous system (CNS) infection, traumatic brain injury and neurodegenerative disorders among others indicating the need for novel strategies to limit neuroinflammation. Eicosanoids including leukotrienes, particularly leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)) are principle mediator(s) of inflammatory response, initiating and amplifying the generation of cytokines and chemokines. Cytochrome P450 (Cyp), a family of heme proteins mediate metabolism of xenobiotics and endogenous compounds, such as eicosanoids and leukotrienes. Cytochrome P4504F (Cyp4f) subfamily includes five functional enzymes in mouse. We cloned and expressed the mouse Cyp4f enzymes, assayed their relative expression in brain and examined their ability to hydroxylate the inflammatory cascade prompt LTB(4) to its inactive 20-hydroxylated product. We then examined the role of Cyp4fs in regulating inflammatory response in vitro, in microglial cells and in vivo, in mouse brain using lipopolysacharide (LPS), as a model compound to generate inflammatory response. We demonstrate that mouse brain Cyp4fs are expressed ubiquitously in several cell types in the brain, including neurons and microglia, and modulate inflammatory response triggered by LPS, in vivo and in microglial cells, in vitro through metabolism of LTB(4) to the inactive 20-hydroxy LTB(4). Chemical inhibitor or shRNA to Cyp4fs enhance and inducer of Cyp4fs attenuates inflammatory response. Further, induction of Cyp4f expression lowers LTB(4) levels and affords neuroprotection in microglial cells or mice exposed to LPS. Thus, catalytic activity of Cyp4fs is a novel target for modulating neuroinflammation through hydroxylation of LTB(4).
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Wanders RJA, Komen J, Kemp S. Fatty acid omega-oxidation as a rescue pathway for fatty acid oxidation disorders in humans. FEBS J 2010; 278:182-94. [PMID: 21156023 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2010.07947.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acids (FAs) can be degraded via different mechanisms including α-, β- and ω-oxidation. In humans, a range of different genetic diseases has been identified in which either mitochondrial FA β-oxidation, peroxisomal FA β-oxidation or FA α-oxidation is impaired. Treatment options for most of these disorders are limited. This has prompted us to study FA ω-oxidation as a rescue pathway for these disorders, based on the notion that if the ω-oxidation of specific FAs could be upregulated one could reduce the accumulation of these FAs and the subsequent detrimental effects in the different groups of disorders. In this minireview, we describe our current state of knowledge in this area with special emphasis on Refsum disease and X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J A Wanders
- Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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20
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Narala VR, Adapala RK, Suresh MV, Brock TG, Peters-Golden M, Reddy RC. Leukotriene B4 is a physiologically relevant endogenous peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha agonist. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:22067-74. [PMID: 20400503 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.085118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are nuclear transcription factors that play central roles in metabolism and inflammation. Although a variety of compounds have been shown to activate PPARs, identification of physiologically relevant ligands has proven difficult. In silico studies of lipid derivatives reported here identify specific 5-lipoxygenase products as candidate physiologically relevant PPAR-alpha activators. Subsequent studies show both in vitro and in a murine model of inflammation that 5-lipoxygenase stimulation induces PPAR-alpha signaling and that this results specifically from production of the inflammatory mediator and chemoattractant leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4)). Activation of PPAR-alpha is a direct effect of intracellularly generated LTB(4) binding to the nuclear receptor and not of secreted LTB(4) acting via its cell-surface receptors. Activation of PPAR-alpha reduces secretion of LTB(4) by stimulating degradation of this fatty acid derivative. We also show that the LTB(4) precursors leukotriene A(4) (LTA(4)) and 5-hydroperoxyeicosatetrenoic acid (5-HPETE) activate PPAR-alpha but have no significant endogenous effect independent of conversion to LTB(4). We conclude that LTB(4) is a physiologically relevant PPAR-alpha activator in cells of the immune system. This, together with previous findings, demonstrates that different types of lipids serve as endogenous PPAR-alpha ligands, with the relevant ligand varying between functionally different cell types. Our results also support the suggestion that regulation of inflammation may involve balancing proinflammatory effects of LTB(4), exerted through cell-surface receptors, and anti-inflammatory effects exerted through PPAR-alpha activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata R Narala
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2200, USA
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21
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Zídek Z, Anzenbacher P, Kmonícková E. Current status and challenges of cytokine pharmacology. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 157:342-61. [PMID: 19371342 PMCID: PMC2707982 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00206.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2008] [Revised: 01/13/2009] [Accepted: 01/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The major concern of pharmacology about cytokines has originated from plentiful data showing association between gross changes in their production and pathophysiological processes. Despite the enigmatic role of cytokines in diseases, a number of them have become a subject of cytokine and anti-cytokine immunotherapies. Production of cytokines can be influenced by many endogenous and exogenous stimuli including drugs. Cells of the immune system, such as macrophages and lymphocytes, are richly endowed with receptors for the mediators of physiological functions, such as biogenic amines, adenosine, prostanoids, steroids, etc. Drugs, agonists or antagonists of these receptors can directly or indirectly up- and down-regulate secretion of cytokines and expression of cytokine receptors. Vice versa, cytokines interfere with drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics through the interactions with cytochrome P450 and multiple drug resistance proteins. The aim of the review is to encourage more intensive studies in these fields of cytokine pharmacology. It also outlines major areas of searching promising candidates for immunotherapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Zídek
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v.v.i., Vídenská 1083, 142 20 Prague 4, Czech Republic.
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Du L, Yin H, Morrow JD, Strobel HW, Keeney DS. 20-Hydroxylation is the CYP-dependent and retinoid-inducible leukotriene B4 inactivation pathway in human and mouse skin cells. Arch Biochem Biophys 2009; 484:80-6. [PMID: 19467632 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2009.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2008] [Revised: 01/10/2009] [Accepted: 01/12/2009] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic inactivation of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) is an innate mechanism to resolve tissue inflammation. We studied the nine Cyp4f genes in the mouse genome, measuring cutaneous transcript levels by real-time polymerase chain reaction, and LTB4 metabolism in mouse and human skin. Transcripts arising from Cyp4f13 and 4f16 ranked most abundant, Cyp4f14, 4f17, and 4f37 ranked least abundant, and Cyp4f18 and 4f39 ranked intermediate. Those from Cyp4f15 and Cyp4f40 were highly variable or too low to measure in some animals. Retinoic acid exposure induced microsomal LTB4 hydroxylation activities in mouse and human skin cells. Two NADPH-dependent LTB4 metabolites eluted identically with 20-OH and 20-COOH LTB4 reference standards. Collision induced dissociation of the precursor ion m/z 351 confirmed that LTB4 products from CYP4F3A and human epidermal keratinocytes are identical structurally to 20-OH LTB4. We conclude 20-hydroxylation is the major CYP-dependent LTB4 inactivation pathway in skin; this retinoid-inducible metabolic pathway has capacity to modulate tissue levels of pro-inflammatory lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Du
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232-0146, USA
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Nebert DW, Karp CL. Endogenous functions of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR): intersection of cytochrome P450 1 (CYP1)-metabolized eicosanoids and AHR biology. J Biol Chem 2008; 283:36061-5. [PMID: 18713746 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r800053200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Nebert
- Department of Environmental Health and the Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati Medical Center, and the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0056, USA.
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Donelson E, Chen L, Zhang X, Goswami P, Song BJ, Hardwick JP. Genomic structure and regulation of the rat hepatic CYP4F1 gene by peroxisome proliferators. Arch Biochem Biophys 2008; 472:1-16. [PMID: 18262487 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2008.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2007] [Revised: 01/21/2008] [Accepted: 01/23/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The rat hepatic gene CYP4F1 encodes a fatty acid omega hydroxylase P450 that metabolizes proinflammatory eicosanoids and long-chain fatty acids. We have completely sequenced the CYP4F1 gene (Accession Nos. AF200361 and AF181083), identified multiple transcription start sites, and characterized a strong core promoter region, -760/116, induced by retinoic acids and peroxisome proliferators in rat hepatoma McA-RH7777 cells. Three peroxisome proliferator responsive elements (PPRE) bind both PPARalpha/RXRalpha and HNF4alpha. Co-transfection of McA-RH7777 cells with the -760/116 reporter construct and PPARalpha/RXRalpha or HNF4alpha showed that HNF4alpha activated while PPARalpha/RXRalpha inhibited CYP4F1 promoter activity. Treating cells with Wy14,643 reversed all initial effects, indicating co-regulation of CYP4F1 gene transcription by PPARalpha/RXRalpha and HNF4alpha. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis of cells treated with Wy14,643 showed association of PPARalpha/RXRalpha with the active transcription of the CYP4F1 gene while in clofibrate treated rats HNF4alpha binds during gene repression, suggesting differential regulation of the CYP4F1 gene in vivo and in cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Donelson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pathology, Northeastern Ohio Universities College of Medicine, 4209 State Route 44, P.O. Box 95, Rootstown, OH 44272-0095, USA
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Kalsotra A, Du L, Wang Y, Ladd PA, Kikuta Y, Duvic M, Boyd AS, Keeney DS, Strobel HW. Inflammation resolved by retinoid X receptor-mediated inactivation of leukotriene signaling pathways. FASEB J 2007; 22:538-47. [PMID: 17884973 DOI: 10.1096/fj.07-9244com] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Leukotrienes are implicated in the pathogenesis of diverse, inflammation-driven diseases. Metabolic inactivation of leukotriene signaling is an innate response to resolve inflammation, yet little is known of mechanisms regulating disposition of leukotrienes in peripheral tissues afflicted in common inflammatory diseases. We studied leukotriene hydroxylases (CYP4F gene products) in human skin, a common target of inflammation and adverse drug reactions. Epidermal keratinocytes express at least six CYP4F enzymes; the most highly expressed and highly regulated is CYP4F3A-the main neutrophil leukotriene hydroxylase. Differentiation-specific factors and retinoids are positive CYP4F regulators in vitro, effecting increased leukotriene B4 hydroxylation (inactivation). CYP4F expression is up-regulated in situ in hyperproliferative dermatoses-an innate mechanism to repair and restore epidermal barrier competency-and after retinoid therapy. Enhanced CYP4F-mediated inactivation of leukotriene signaling is a previously unrecognized antiinflammatory property of therapeutic retinoids mediated by preferential interactions between retinoid X receptors and CYP4F promoter elements in epidermal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Auinash Kalsotra
- University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 6431 Fannin St., Medical School Bldg. 6, Room 200, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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