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Hellmuth N, Brat C, Awad O, George S, Kahnt A, Bauer T, Huynh Phuoc HP, Steinhilber D, Angioni C, Hassan M, Hock KJ, Manolikakes G, Zacharowski K, Roos J, Maier TJ. Structural Modifications Yield Novel Insights Into the Intriguing Pharmacodynamic Potential of Anti-inflammatory Nitro-Fatty Acids. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:715076. [PMID: 34867322 PMCID: PMC8637440 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.715076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous nitro-fatty acids (NFA) are potent electrophilic lipid mediators that exert biological effects in vitro and in vivo via selective covalent modification of thiol-containing target proteins. The cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumorigenic effects of NFA in animal models of disease caused by targeted protein nitroalkylation are a valuable basis for the development of future anti-phlogistic and anti-neoplastic drugs. Considering the complexity of diseases and accompanying comorbidities there is an urgent need for clinically effective multifunctional drugs. NFA are composed of a fatty acid backbone containing a nitroalkene moiety triggering Michael addition reactions. However, less is known about the target-specific structure–activity relationships and selectivities comparing different NFA targets. Therefore, we analyzed 15 NFA derivatives and compared them with the lead structure 9-nitro-oleic acid (9NOA) in terms of their effect on NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa B) signaling inhibition, induction of Nrf-2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2) gene expression, sEH (soluble epoxide hydrolase), LO (lipoxygenase), and COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2) inhibition, and their cytotoxic effects on colorectal cancer cells. Minor modifications of the Michael acceptor position and variation of the chain length led to drugs showing increased target preference or enhanced multi-targeting, partly with higher potency than 9NOA. This study is a significant step forward to better understanding the biology of NFA and their enormous potential as scaffolds for designing future anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Hellmuth
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Camilla Brat
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Omar Awad
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Paul-Ehrlich Institute, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Langen, Germany
| | - Sven George
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Astrid Kahnt
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Tom Bauer
- Paul-Ehrlich Institute, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Langen, Germany
| | - Hai Phong Huynh Phuoc
- Paul-Ehrlich Institute, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Langen, Germany
| | - Dieter Steinhilber
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Carlo Angioni
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mohamed Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan, Egypt
| | - Katharina J Hock
- Department of Chemistry, TU Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | | | - Kai Zacharowski
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jessica Roos
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Paul-Ehrlich Institute, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Langen, Germany
| | - Thorsten J Maier
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt, Germany.,Paul-Ehrlich Institute, Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines, Langen, Germany
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Gaspar RS, Mansilla S, Vieira VA, da Silva LB, Gibbins JM, Castro L, Trostchansky A, Paes AMDA. The protein disulphide isomerase inhibitor CxxCpep modulates oxidative burst and mitochondrial function in platelets. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 172:668-674. [PMID: 34252541 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously described CxxCpep, a peptide with anti-platelet properties that inhibits peri/epicellular protein disulphide isomerase (pecPDI) by forming a mixed disulfide bond with Cys400 within the pecPDI active site. OBJECTIVES Here we sought to determine if pecPDI targeted by CxxCpep is relevant to redox mechanisms downstream of the collagen receptor GPVI in platelets. METHODS AND RESULTS Restriction of effects of CxxCpep to the platelet surface was confirmed by LC-MS/MS following cell fractionation. Platelet aggregation was measured in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) incubated with 30 μM CxxCpep or vehicle. CxxCpep inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation but exerted no effect in TRAP-6-stimulated platelets. PRP was incubated with DCFDA to measure oxidative burst upon platelet adhesion to collagen. Results showed that CxxCpep decreased oxidative burst in platelets adhered to immobilized collagen while the number of adherent cells was unaffected. Furthermore, flow cytometry studies using a FITC-maleimide showed that the GPVI agonist CRP stimulated an increase in free thiols on the platelet outer membrane, which was inhibited by CxxCpep. Finally, CxxCpep inhibited platelet mitochondrial respiration upon activation with collagen, but not with thrombin. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that pecPDI is a potential modulator of GPVI-mediated redox regulation mechanisms and that CxxCpep can be further exploited as a template for new antiplatelet compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato S Gaspar
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK; Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiology, Biological and Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil; Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Health Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Santiago Mansilla
- Departamento de Métodos Cuantitativos y Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay; Departamento de Bioquímica y Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Victor A Vieira
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiology, Biological and Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Ludmila B da Silva
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiology, Biological and Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil; Health Sciences Graduate Program, Biological and Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Jonathan M Gibbins
- Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Laura Castro
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andrés Trostchansky
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Antonio Marcus de A Paes
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiology, Biological and Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil; Health Sciences Graduate Program, Biological and Health Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil.
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3
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Wilkinson ML, Gow AJ. Effects of fatty acid nitroalkanes on signal transduction pathways and airway macrophage activation. Innate Immun 2021; 27:353-364. [PMID: 34375151 PMCID: PMC8419298 DOI: 10.1177/17534259211015330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid nitroalkenes are reversibly-reactive electrophiles that are endogenously detectable at nM concentrations and display anti-inflammatory, pro-survival actions. These actions are elicited through the alteration of signal transduction proteins via a Michael addition on nucleophilic cysteine thiols. Nitrated fatty acids (NO2-FAs), like 9- or 10-nitro-octadec-9-enolic acid, will act on signal transduction proteins directly or on key regulatory proteins to cause an up-regulation or down-regulation of the protein's expression, yielding an anti-inflammatory response. These responses have been characterized in many organ systems, such as the cardiovascular system, with the pulmonary system less well defined. Macrophages are one of the most abundant immune cells in the lung and are essential in maintaining lung homeostasis. Despite this, macrophages can play a role in both acute and chronic lung injury due to up-regulation of anti-inflammatory signal transduction pathways and down-regulation of pro-inflammatory pathways. Through their propensity to alter signal transduction pathways, NO2-FAs may be able to reduce macrophage activation during pulmonary injury. This review will focus on the implications of NO2-FAs on macrophage activation in the lung and the signal transduction pathways that may be altered, leading to reduced pulmonary injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L Wilkinson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The State University of New Jersey, USA
| | - Andrew J Gow
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, The State University of New Jersey, USA
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4
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Trostchansky A, Wood I, Rubbo H. Regulation of arachidonic acid oxidation and metabolism by lipid electrophiles. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2020; 152:106482. [PMID: 33007446 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2020.106482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) is a precursor of enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidized products such as prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes, lipoxins, and isoprostanes. These products may exert signaling or damaging roles during physiological and pathological conditions, some of them being markers of oxidative stress linked to inflammation. Recent data support the concept that cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX), and cytochrome P450 (CYP450) followed by cytosolic and microsomal dehydrogenases can convert AA to lipid-derived electrophiles (LDE). Lipid-derived electrophiles are fatty acid derivatives bearing an electron-withdrawing group that can react with nucleophiles at proteins, DNA, and small antioxidant molecules exerting potent signaling properties. This review aims to describe the formation, sources, and electrophilic anti-inflammatory actions of key mammalian LDE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Trostchansky
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Irene Wood
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Homero Rubbo
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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5
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Mastrogiovanni M, Trostchansky A, Rubbo H. Fatty acid nitration in human low-density lipoprotein. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 679:108190. [PMID: 31738891 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2019.108190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Lipid nitration occurs during physiological and pathophysiological conditions, generating a variety of biomolecules capable to modulate inflammatory cell responses. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation has been extensively related to atherosclerotic lesion development while oxidative modifications confer the particle pro-atherogenic features. Herein, we reviewed the oxidation versus nitration of human LDL protein and lipid fractions. We propose that unsaturated fatty acids present in LDL can be nitrated under mild nitration conditions, suggesting an anti-atherogenic role for LDL carrying nitro-fatty acids (NFA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Mastrogiovanni
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andrés Trostchansky
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Homero Rubbo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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6
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Trostchansky A, Moore-Carrasco R, Fuentes E. Oxidative pathways of arachidonic acid as targets for regulation of platelet activation. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2019; 145:106382. [PMID: 31634570 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2019.106382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Platelet activation plays an important role in acute and chronic cardiovascular disease states. Multiple pathways contribute to platelet activation including those dependent upon arachidonic acid. Arachidonic acid is released from the platelet membrane by phospholipase A2 action and is then metabolized in the cytosol by specific arachidonic acid oxidation enzymes including prostaglandin H synthase, 12-lipoxygenase, and cytochrome P450 to produce pro- and anti-inflammatory eicosanoids. This review aims to analyze the role of arachidonic acid oxidation on platelet activation, the enzymes that use it as a substrate associated as novel therapeutics target for antiplatelet drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andres Trostchansky
- Departamento de Bioquimica and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Rodrigo Moore-Carrasco
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunohematología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Programa de Investigación Asociativa en Cáncer Gástrico (PIA-CG), Universidad de Talca, Chile
| | - Eduardo Fuentes
- Thrombosis Research Center, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Center on Aging, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile.
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7
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Aranda-Caño L, Sánchez-Calvo B, Begara-Morales JC, Chaki M, Mata-Pérez C, Padilla MN, Valderrama R, Barroso JB. Post-Translational Modification of Proteins Mediated by Nitro-Fatty Acids in Plants: Nitroalkylation. PLANTS 2019; 8:plants8040082. [PMID: 30934982 PMCID: PMC6524050 DOI: 10.3390/plants8040082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Nitrate fatty acids (NO₂-FAs) are considered reactive lipid species derived from the non-enzymatic oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids by nitric oxide (NO) and related species. Nitrate fatty acids are powerful biological electrophiles which can react with biological nucleophiles such as glutathione and certain protein⁻amino acid residues. The adduction of NO₂-FAs to protein targets generates a reversible post-translational modification called nitroalkylation. In different animal and human systems, NO₂-FAs, such as nitro-oleic acid (NO₂-OA) and conjugated nitro-linoleic acid (NO₂-cLA), have cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory influences in a broad spectrum of pathologies by modulating various intracellular pathways. However, little knowledge on these molecules in the plant kingdom exists. The presence of NO₂-OA and NO₂-cLA in olives and extra-virgin olive oil and nitro-linolenic acid (NO₂-Ln) in Arabidopsis thaliana has recently been detected. Specifically, NO₂-Ln acts as a signaling molecule during seed and plant progression and beneath abiotic stress events. It can also release NO and modulate the expression of genes associated with antioxidant responses. Nevertheless, the repercussions of nitroalkylation on plant proteins are still poorly known. In this review, we demonstrate the existence of endogenous nitroalkylation and its effect on the in vitro activity of the antioxidant protein ascorbate peroxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Aranda-Caño
- Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide, Department of Experimental Biology, Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, University Campus Las Lagunillas, University of Jaén, E-23071 Jaén, Spain.
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8
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Hughan KS, Wendell SG, Delmastro-Greenwood M, Helbling N, Corey C, Bellavia L, Potti G, Grimes G, Goodpaster B, Kim-Shapiro DB, Shiva S, Freeman BA, Gladwin MT. Conjugated Linoleic Acid Modulates Clinical Responses to Oral Nitrite and Nitrate. Hypertension 2019; 70:634-644. [PMID: 28739973 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.117.09016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dietary NO3- (nitrate) and NO2- (nitrite) support ˙NO (nitric oxide) generation and downstream vascular signaling responses. These nitrogen oxides also generate secondary nitrosating and nitrating species that react with low molecular weight thiols, heme centers, proteins, and unsaturated fatty acids. To explore the kinetics of NO3-and NO2-metabolism and the impact of dietary lipid on nitrogen oxide metabolism and cardiovascular responses, the stable isotopes Na15NO3 and Na15NO2 were orally administered in the presence or absence of conjugated linoleic acid (cLA). The reduction of 15NO2- to 15NO was indicated by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy detection of hyperfine splitting patterns reflecting 15NO-deoxyhemoglobin complexes. This formation of 15NO also translated to decreased systolic and mean arterial blood pressures and inhibition of platelet function. Upon concurrent administration of cLA, there was a significant increase in plasma cLA nitration products 9- and 12-15NO2-cLA. Coadministration of cLA with 15NO2- also impacted the pharmacokinetics and physiological effects of 15NO2-, with cLA administration suppressing plasma NO3-and NO2-levels, decreasing 15NO-deoxyhemoglobin formation, NO2-inhibition of platelet activation, and the vasodilatory actions of NO2-, while enhancing the formation of 9- and 12-15NO2-cLA. These results indicate that the biochemical reactions and physiological responses to oral 15NO3-and 15NO2-are significantly impacted by dietary constituents, such as unsaturated lipids. This can explain the variable responses to NO3-and NO2-supplementation in clinical trials and reveals dietary strategies for promoting the generation of pleiotropic nitrogen oxide-derived lipid signaling mediators. Clinical Trial Registration- URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT01681836.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara S Hughan
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - Stacy Gelhaus Wendell
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - Meghan Delmastro-Greenwood
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - Nicole Helbling
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - Catherine Corey
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - Landon Bellavia
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - Gopal Potti
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - George Grimes
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - Bret Goodpaster
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - Daniel B Kim-Shapiro
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - Sruti Shiva
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - Bruce A Freeman
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
| | - Mark T Gladwin
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes (K.S.H.), Pittsburgh Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute (K.S.H., S.G.W., M.D.-G., N.H., C.C., S.S., B.A.F., M.T.G.), Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology (S.G.W., M.D.-G., S.S., B.A.F.), Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology (N.H., B.G.), and Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA (M.T.G.); Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC (L.B., D.B.K.-S.); and Pharmaceutical Development Section, Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (G.P., G.G.)
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9
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Melo T, Montero-Bullón JF, Domingues P, Domingues MR. Discovery of bioactive nitrated lipids and nitro-lipid-protein adducts using mass spectrometry-based approaches. Redox Biol 2019; 23:101106. [PMID: 30718106 PMCID: PMC6859590 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitro-fatty acids (NO2-FA) undergo reversible Michael adduction reactions with cysteine and histidine residues leading to the post-translational modification (PTM) of proteins. This electrophilic character of NO2-FA is strictly related to their biological roles. The NO2-FA-induced PTM of signaling proteins can lead to modifications in protein structure, function, and subcellular localization. The nitro lipid-protein adducts trigger a series of downstream signaling events that culminates with anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, and cytoprotective effects mediated by NO2-FA. These lipoxidation adducts have been detected and characterized both in model systems and in biological samples by using mass spectrometry (MS)-based approaches. These MS approaches allow to unequivocally identify the adduct together with the targeted residue of modification. The identification of the modified proteins allows inferring on the possible impact of the NO2-FA-induced modification. This review will focus on MS-based approaches as valuable tools to identify NO2-FA-protein adducts and to unveil the biological effect of this lipoxidation adducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Melo
- Centro de Espectrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Departamento de Química & CESAM & ECOMARE, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Javier-Fernando Montero-Bullón
- Centro de Espectrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Pedro Domingues
- Centro de Espectrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - M Rosário Domingues
- Centro de Espectrometria de Massa, Departamento de Química & QOPNA, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; Departamento de Química & CESAM & ECOMARE, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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10
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Gonzalez-Perilli L, Prolo C, Álvarez MN. Arachidonic Acid and Nitroarachidonic: Effects on NADPH Oxidase Activity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1127:85-95. [PMID: 31140173 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-11488-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (AA) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid that participates in the inflammatory response mainly through bioactive-lipids formation in macrophages and also in the phagocytic NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) activation. NOX2 is the enzyme responsible for a huge superoxide formation in macrophages, essential to eliminate pathogens inside the phagosome. The oxidase is an enzymatic complex comprised of a membrane-bound flavocytochrome b 558 (gp91phox/p22phox), three cytosolic subunits (p47phox, p40phox and p67phox) and a Rac-GTPase. The enzyme becomes active when macrophages are exposed to appropriate stimuli that trigger the phosphorylation of cytosolic subunits and its migration to plasmatic membrane to form the active complex. It is proposed that AA stimulates NOX2 activity through AA interaction with different components of the NADPH oxidase complex. In inflammatory conditions, there is an increase in reactive oxygen and nitrogen species that results in the production of nitrated derivatives of AA, such as nitroarachidonic acid (NO2-AA). NO2-AA is capable to inhibit NOX2 activity by interfering with p47phox migration to the membrane without affecting phosphorylation of cytosolic proteins. Also, NO2-AA is capable to interact with protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), which is involved on NOX2 active complex formation. It has been demonstrated that NO2-AA forms a covalent adduct with PDI that could prevent the interaction with NOX2 and it would explain the inhibitory effects of the fatty acid upon NOX2. Together, current data indicate that AA is an important activator of NOX2 formed in the early events of the inflammatory response, leading to a massive production of oxidants that may, in turn, promote NO2-AA formation and shutting down the oxidative burst. Hence, AA and its derivatives could have antagonistic roles on NOX2 activity regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Gonzalez-Perilli
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina-Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carolina Prolo
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina-Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - María Noel Álvarez
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina-Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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11
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Paes AMDA, Gaspar RS, Fuentes E, Wehinger S, Palomo I, Trostchansky A. Lipid Metabolism and Signaling in Platelet Function. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1127:97-115. [PMID: 31140174 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-11488-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Modern society has changed its diet composition, transitioning to a higher intake of saturated fat with a 50% increase of cardiovascular risk (CVD). Within the context of increased CVD, there is an induction of a prothrombotic phenotype mainly due to increased platelet reactivity as well as decreased platelet response to inhibitors. Platelets maintain haemostasis through both blood components and endothelial cells that secrete inhibitory or stimulatory molecules to regulate thrombus formation. There exist a correlation between platelets' polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and the increase in platelet reactivity. The aim of this chapter is to review the metabolism of the main PUFAs involved in platelet function associated with the role that their enzyme-derived oxidized metabolites exert in platelet function and fate. Finally, how lipid metabolism in the organism affect platelet aggregation and activation and the pharmacological modulation of these processes will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Marcus de Andrade Paes
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, Brazil
| | - Renato Simões Gaspar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Eduardo Fuentes
- Thrombosis Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Sergio Wehinger
- Thrombosis Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Iván Palomo
- Thrombosis Research Center, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohaematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Interdisciplinary Excellence Research Program on Healthy Aging (PIEI-ES), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Andrés Trostchansky
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CEINBIO), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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12
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Trostchansky A, Mastrogiovanni M, Miquel E, Rodríguez-Bottero S, Martínez-Palma L, Cassina P, Rubbo H. Profile of Arachidonic Acid-Derived Inflammatory Markers and Its Modulation by Nitro-Oleic Acid in an Inherited Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:131. [PMID: 29760648 PMCID: PMC5936757 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of current treatments for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) highlights the need of a comprehensive understanding of the biological mechanisms of the disease. A consistent neuropathological feature of ALS is the extensive inflammation around motor neurons and axonal degeneration, evidenced by accumulation of reactive astrocytes and activated microglia. Final products of inflammatory processes may be detected as a screening tool to identify treatment response. Herein, we focus on (a) detection of arachidonic acid (AA) metabolization products by lipoxygenase (LOX) and prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthase in SOD1G93A mice and (b) evaluate its response to the electrophilic nitro-oleic acid (NO2-OA). Regarding LOX-derived products, a significant increase in 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) levels was detected in SOD1G93A mice both in plasma and brain whereas no changes were observed in age-matched non-Tg mice at the onset of motor symptoms (90 days-old). In addition, 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE) levels were greater in SOD1G93A brains compared to non-Tg. Prostaglandin levels were also increased at day 90 in plasma from SOD1G93A compared to non-Tg being similar in both types of animals at later stages of the disease. Administration of NO2-OA 16 mg/kg, subcutaneously (s/c) three times a week to SOD1G93A female mice, lowered the observed increase in brain 12-HETE levels compared to the non-nitrated fatty acid condition, and modified many others inflammatory markers. In addition, NO2-OA significantly improved grip strength and rotarod performance compared to vehicle or OA treated animals. These beneficial effects were associated with increased hemeoxygenase 1 (HO-1) expression in the spinal cord of treated mice co-localized with reactive astrocytes. Furthermore, significant levels of NO2-OA were detected in brain and spinal cord from NO2-OA -treated mice indicating that nitro-fatty acids (NFA) cross brain–blood barrier and reach the central nervous system to induce neuroprotective actions. In summary, we demonstrate that LOX-derived oxidation products correlate with disease progression. Overall, we are proposing that key inflammatory mediators of AA-derived pathways may be useful as novel footprints of ALS onset and progression as well as NO2-OA as a promising therapeutic compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Trostchansky
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Mauricio Mastrogiovanni
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ernesto Miquel
- Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Departamento de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Sebastián Rodríguez-Bottero
- Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Departamento de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Laura Martínez-Palma
- Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Departamento de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Patricia Cassina
- Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Departamento de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Homero Rubbo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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13
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Turell L, Steglich M, Alvarez B. The chemical foundations of nitroalkene fatty acid signaling through addition reactions with thiols. Nitric Oxide 2018; 78:S1089-8603(17)30305-1. [PMID: 29578058 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2018.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Nitroalkene fatty acids can be formed in vivo and administered exogenously. They exert pleiotropic signaling actions with cytoprotective and antiinflammatory effects. The presence of the potent electron withdrawing nitro group confers electrophilicity to the adjacent β-carbon. Thiols (precisely, thiolates) are strong nucleophiles and can react with nitroalkene fatty acids through reversible Michael addition reactions. In addition, nitroalkene fatty acids can undergo several other processes including metabolic oxidation, reduction, esterification, nitric oxide release and partition into hydrophobic compartments. The signaling actions of nitroalkenes are mainly mediated by reactions with critical thiols in regulatory proteins. Thus, the thio-Michael addition reaction provides a framework for understanding the molecular basis of the biological effects of nitroalkene fatty acids at the crossroads of thiol signaling and electrophilic lipid signaling. In this review, we describe the reactions of nitroalkene fatty acids in biological contexts. We focus on the Michael addition-elimination reaction with thiols and its mechanism, and extrapolate kinetic and thermodynamic considerations to in vivo settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Turell
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Martina Steglich
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Beatriz Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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14
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Sousa HR, Gaspar RS, Sena EML, da Silva SA, Fontelles JL, AraUjo TLS, Mastrogiovanni M, Fries DM, Azevedo-Santos APS, Laurindo FRM, Trostchansky A, Paes AM. Novel antiplatelet role for a protein disulfide isomerase-targeted peptide: evidence of covalent binding to the C-terminal CGHC redox motif. J Thromb Haemost 2017; 15:774-784. [PMID: 28109047 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Essentials Inhibitors of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) have been considered a new antithrombotic class. CxxC is a PDI-targeted peptide that has been previously shown to inhibit its reductase activity. CxxC binds to surface PDI and inhibits ADP- and thrombin-evoked platelet activation and aggregation. CxxC binds to Cys400 on CGHC redox motif of PDI a' domain, a site for PDI prothrombotic activity. SUMMARY Background Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) plays a major role in platelet aggregation, and its inhibitors have emerged as novel antithrombotic drugs. In previous work, we designed a peptide based on a PDI redox motif (CGHC) that inhibited both PDI reductase activity and PDI-modulated superoxide generation by neutrophil Nox2. Thus, we hypothesized that this peptide would also inhibit platelet aggregation by association with surface PDI. Methods Three peptides were used: CxxC, containing the PDI redox motif; Scr, presenting a scrambled sequence of the same residues and AxxA, with cysteines replaced by alanine. These peptides were tested under platelet aggregation and flow cytometry protocols to identify their possible antiplatelet activity. We labeled membrane free thiol and electrospray ionization liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry to test for an interaction. Results CxxC decreased platelet aggregation in a dose-dependent manner, being more potent at lower agonist concentrations, whereas neither AxxA nor Scr peptides exerted any effect. CxxC decreased aIIbb3 activation, but had no effect on the other markers. CxxC also decreased cell surface PDI pulldown without interfering with the total thiol protein content. Finally, we detected the addition of one CxxC molecule to reduced PDI through binding to Cys400 through mass spectrometry. Interestingly, CxxC did not react with oxidized PDI. Discussion CxxC has consistently shown its antiplatelet effects, both in PRP and washed platelets, corroborated by decreased aIIbb3 activation. The probable mechanism of action is through a mixed dissulphide bond with Cys400 of PDI, which has been shown to be essential for PDI's actions. Conclusion In summary, our data support antiplatelet activity for CxxC through binding to Cys400 in the PDI a0 domain, which can be further exploited as a model for sitedriven antithrombotic agent development.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Sousa
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - R S Gaspar
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - E M L Sena
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - S A da Silva
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - J L Fontelles
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - T L S AraUjo
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Heart Institute, School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M Mastrogiovanni
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - D M Fries
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Heart Institute, School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - A P S Azevedo-Santos
- Laboratory of Immunophysiology, Department of Pathology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
| | - F R M Laurindo
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Heart Institute, School of Medicine of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - A Trostchansky
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - A M Paes
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil
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15
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Nitroarachidonic acid (NO 2AA) inhibits protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) through reversible covalent adduct formation with critical cysteines. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:1131-1139. [PMID: 28215702 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitroarachidonic acid (NO2AA) exhibits pleiotropic anti-inflammatory actions in a variety of cell types. We have recently shown that NO2AA inhibits phagocytic NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) by preventing the formation of the active complex. Recent work indicates the participation of protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) activity in NOX2 activation. Cysteine (Cys) residues at PDI active sites could be targets for NO2AA- nitroalkylation regulating PDI activity which could explain our previous observation. METHODS PDI reductase and chaperone activities were assessed using the insulin and GFP renaturation methods in the presence or absence of NO2AA. To determine the covalent reaction with PDI as well as the site of reaction, the PEG-switch assay and LC-MS/MS studies were performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS We determined that both activities of PDI were inhibited by NO2AA in a dose- and time- dependent manner and independent from release of nitric oxide. Since nitroalkenes are potent electrophiles and PDI has critical Cys residues for its activity, then formation of a covalent adduct between NO2AA and PDI is feasible. To this end we demonstrated the reversible covalent modification of PDI by NO2AA. Trypsinization of modified PDI confirmed that the Cys residues present in the active site a' of PDI were key targets accounting for nitroalkene modification. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE PDI may contribute to NOX2 activation. As such, inhibition of PDI by NO2AA might be involved in preventing NOX2 activation. Future work will be directed to determine if the covalent modifications observed play a role in the reported NO2AA inhibition of NOX2 activity.
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16
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Electrophilic Nitro-Fatty Acids: Nitric Oxide and Nitrite-Derived Metabolic and Inflammatory Signaling Mediators. Nitric Oxide 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-804273-1.00016-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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17
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Trostchansky A, Rubbo H. Anti-inflammatory signaling actions of electrophilic nitro-arachidonic acid in vascular cells and astrocytes. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 617:155-161. [PMID: 27720684 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Nitrated derivatives of unsaturated fatty acids (nitro-fatty acids) are being formed and detected in human plasma, cell membranes and tissue, triggering signaling cascades via covalent and reversible post-translational modifications of nucleophilic amino acids in transcriptional regulatory proteins. Arachidonic acid (AA) represents a precursor of potent signaling molecules, i.e., prostaglandins and thromboxanes through enzymatic and non-enzymatic oxidative pathways. Arachidonic acid can be nitrated by reactive nitrogen species leading to the formation of nitro-arachidonic acid (NO2-AA). A critical issue is the influence of NO2-AA on prostaglandin endoperoxide H synthases, modulating inflammatory processes through redirection of AA metabolism and signaling. In this prospective article, we describe the key chemical and biochemical actions of NO2-AA in vascular and astrocytes. This includes the ability of NO2-AA to mediate unique redox signaling anti-inflammatory actions along with its therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Trostchansky
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Avda. General Flores 2125, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay
| | - Homero Rubbo
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Avda. General Flores 2125, Universidad de la República, Montevideo 11800, Uruguay.
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18
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Diaz-Amarilla P, Miquel E, Trostchansky A, Trias E, Ferreira AM, Freeman BA, Cassina P, Barbeito L, Vargas MR, Rubbo H. Electrophilic nitro-fatty acids prevent astrocyte-mediated toxicity to motor neurons in a cell model of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis via nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor activation. Free Radic Biol Med 2016; 95:112-20. [PMID: 27012417 PMCID: PMC4867302 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nitro-fatty acids (NO2-FA) are electrophilic signaling mediators formed in tissues during inflammation, which are able to induce pleiotropic cytoprotective and antioxidant pathways including up regulation of Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) responsive genes. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of motor neurons associated to an inflammatory process that usually aggravates the disease progression. In ALS animal models, the activation of the transcription factor Nrf2 in astrocytes confers protection to neighboring neurons. It is currently unknown whether NO2-FA can exert protective activity in ALS through Nrf2 activation. Herein we demonstrate that nitro-arachidonic acid (NO2-AA) or nitro-oleic acid (NO2-OA) administrated to astrocytes expressing the ALS-linked hSOD1(G93A) induce antioxidant phase II enzyme expression through Nrf2 activation concomitant with increasing intracellular glutathione levels. Furthermore, treatment of hSOD1(G93A)-expressing astrocytes with NO2-FA prevented their toxicity to motor neurons. Transfection of siRNA targeted to Nrf2 mRNA supported the involvement of Nrf2 activation in NO2-FA-mediated protective effects. Our results show for the first time that NO2-FA induce a potent Nrf2-dependent antioxidant response in astrocytes capable of preventing motor neurons death in a culture model of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Diaz-Amarilla
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Ernesto Miquel
- Departamento de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Andrés Trostchansky
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Ana M Ferreira
- Catedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Quimica y Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Bruce A Freeman
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Patricia Cassina
- Departamento de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Marcelo R Vargas
- Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Homero Rubbo
- Departamento de Bioquímica and Center for Free Radical and Biomedical Research, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
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Karim ZA, Alshbool FZ, Vemana HP, Conlon C, Druey KM, Khasawneh FT. CXCL12 regulates platelet activation via the regulator of G-protein signaling 16. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2016; 1863:314-21. [PMID: 26628381 PMCID: PMC10983798 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) protein superfamily negatively controls G protein-coupled receptor signal transduction pathways. One of the members of this family, RGS16, is highly expressed in megakaryocytes and platelets. Studies of its function in platelet and megakaryocyte biology have been limited, in part, due to lack of pharmacological inhibitors. For example, RGS16 overexpression inhibited CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4)-mediated megakaryocyte migration. More recent studies showed that the chemokine stromal cell-derived factor (SDF1α or CXCL12) regulates platelet function via CXCR4. Based on these considerations, the present study investigated the capacity of RGS16 to regulate CXCL12-dependent platelet function, using the RGS16 knockout mouse model (Rgs16(-/-)). RGS16-deficient platelets had increased protease activated receptor 4 and collagen-induced aggregation, as well as increased CXCL12-dependent agonist-induced aggregation, dense and alpha granule secretion, integrin αIIbβ3 activation and phosphatidylserine exposure compared to those from WT littermates. CXCL12 alone did not stimulate aggregation or secretion in either RGS16-deficient or WT platelets. Furthermore, platelets from Rgs16(-/-) mice displayed enhanced phosphorylation of ERK and Akt following CXCL12 stimulation relative to controls. Finally, we also found that PKCδ is involved in regulating CXCL12-dependent activation of ERK and Akt, in the Rgs16-deficient platelets. Collectively, our findings provide the first evidence that RGS16 plays an important role in platelet function by modulating CXCL12-dependent platelet activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zubair A Karim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Fatima Z Alshbool
- Department of Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Hari Priya Vemana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Christine Conlon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Kirk M Druey
- Molecular Signal Transduction Section, Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, NIAID/NIH, 50 South Drive Room 4154, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Fadi T Khasawneh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.
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Milic I, Griesser E, Vemula V, Ieda N, Nakagawa H, Miyata N, Galano JM, Oger C, Durand T, Fedorova M. Profiling and relative quantification of multiply nitrated and oxidized fatty acids. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 407:5587-602. [PMID: 26022093 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-8766-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The levels of nitro fatty acids (NO2-FA), such as nitroarachidonic, nitrolinoleic, nitrooleic, and dinitrooleic acids, are elevated under various inflammatory conditions, and this results in different anti-inflammatory effects. However, other multiply nitrated and nitro-oxidized FAs have not been studied so far. Owing to the low concentrations in vivo, NO2-FA analytics usually relies on targeted gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) or liquid chromatography-MS/MS, and thus require standard compounds for method development. To overcome this limitation and increase the number and diversity of analytes, we performed in-depth mass spectrometry (MS) profiling of nitration products formed in vitro by incubating fatty acids with NO2BF4, and ONOO(-). The modified fatty acids were used to develop a highly specific and sensitive multiple reaction monitoring LC-MS method for relative quantification of 42 different nitrated and oxidized species representing three different groups: singly nitrated, multiply nitrated, and nitro-oxidized fatty acids. The method was validated in in vitro nitration kinetic studies and in a cellular model of nitrosative stress. NO2-FA were quantified in lipid extracts from 3-morpholinosydnonimine-treated rat primary cardiomyocytes after 15, 30, and 70 min from stress onset. The relatively high levels of dinitrooleic, nitroarachidonic, hydroxynitrodocosapenataenoic, nitrodocosahexaenoic, hydroxynitrodocosahexaenoic, and dinitrodocosahexaenoic acids confirm the presence of multiply nitrated and nitro-oxidized fatty acids in biological systems for the first time. Thus, in vitro nitration was successfully used to establish a targeted LC-MS/MS method that was applied to complex biological samples for quantifying diverse NO2-FA. Graphical Abstract Schematic representation of study design which combined in vitro nitration of different fatty acids, MS/MS characterization and optimization of MRM method for relative quantification, which was applied to follow dynamic of fatty acid nitration in cellular model of SIN-1 treated cardiomyoctes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Milic
- Faculty of Chemistry and Mineralogy, Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Leipzig, Germany
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Rubbo H. Nitro-fatty acids: novel anti-inflammatory lipid mediators. Braz J Med Biol Res 2013; 46:728-34. [PMID: 24068188 PMCID: PMC3854434 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20133202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitro-fatty acids are formed and detected in human plasma, cell membranes, and
tissue, modulating metabolic as well as inflammatory signaling pathways. Here we
discuss the mechanisms of nitro-fatty acid formation as well as their key
chemical and biochemical properties. The electrophilic properties of nitro-fatty
acids to activate anti-inflammatory signaling pathways are discussed in detail.
A critical issue is the influence of nitroarachidonic acid on prostaglandin
endoperoxide H synthases, redirecting arachidonic acid metabolism and signaling.
We also analyze in vivo data supporting nitro-fatty acids as
promising pharmacological tools to prevent inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Rubbo
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Radical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
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