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Langa P, Wolska BM, Solaro RJ. The Hippo Signaling Pathway as a Drug Target in Familial Dilated Cardiomyopathy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG DISCOVERY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 1:4. [PMID: 38818406 PMCID: PMC11139043 DOI: 10.53941/ijddp.v1i1.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
We focus here on the Hippo pathway in the hierarchical sensing and modulation of the mechanical state of the adult heart in health and disease. The Hippo pathway interrogates the micro-environment of cardiac myocytes providing surveillance of the mechanical state with engagement of signaling pathways critical to homeostasis of cardiac development, remodeling, and function and vulnerable to pathologies. Our discussion centers on Hippo signaling in the altered mechanical state instigated by variants of genes expressing mutant sarcomere proteins that trigger a progression to dilated cardiomyopathy (familial DCM). There is an unmet need for therapies in DCM. Recent progress in the discovery of small molecules that target Hippo signaling and are intended for use in cardiac disorders provides leads for modifying Hippo in DCM. As we emphasize, identifying useful targets in DCM requires in depth understanding of cell specific Hippo signaling in the cardiac micro-environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Langa
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Center for Cardiovascular Research,University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL,USA
| | - Beata M. Wolska
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Center for Cardiovascular Research,University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL,USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - R. John Solaro
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and the Center for Cardiovascular Research,University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL,USA
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Cui T, Liu W, Yu C, Ren J, Li Y, Shi X, Li Q, Zhang J. Protective Effects of Allicin on Acute Myocardial Infarction in Rats via Hydrogen Sulfide-mediated Regulation of Coronary Arterial Vasomotor Function and Myocardial Calcium Transport. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:752244. [PMID: 35046802 PMCID: PMC8762278 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.752244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a condition with high morbidity and mortality, for which effective treatments are lacking. Allicin has been reported to exert therapeutic effects on AMI, but the underlying mechanisms of its action have not been fully elucidated. To investigate this, a rat model of AMI was generated by ligating the left anterior descending branch of the coronary artery. DL-propargylglycine (PAG), a specific hydrogen sulfide (H2S) synthetase inhibitor, was used to examine the effects of allicin on H2S production. Isolated coronary arteries and cardiomyocytes were assessed for vascular reactivity and cellular Ca2+ transport using a multiwire myography system and a cell-contraction-ion detection system, respectively. Allicin administration improved cardiac function and myocardial pathology, reduced myocardial enzyme levels, and increased H2S and H2S synthetase levels. Allicin administration resulted in concentration-dependent effects on coronary artery dilation, which were mediated by receptor-dependent Ca2+ channels, ATP-sensitive K+ channels, and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release induced by the ryanodine receptor. Allicin administration improved Ca2+ homeostasis in cardiomyocytes by increasing cardiomyocyte contraction, Ca2+ transient amplitude, myofilament sensitivity, and SR Ca2+ content. Allicin also enhanced Ca2+ uptake via SR Ca2+-ATPase and Ca2+ removal via the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, and it reduced SR Ca2+ leakage. Notably, the protective effects of allicin were partially attenuated by blockade of H2S production with PAG. Our findings provide novel evidence that allicin-induced production of H2S mediates coronary artery dilation and regulation of Ca2+ homeostasis in AMI. Our study presents a novel mechanistic insight into the anti-AMI effects of allicin and highlights the therapeutic potential of this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwei Cui
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Reproductive Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weiyu Liu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chenghao Yu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxun Ren
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yikui Li
- Health Prevention Department, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolu Shi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of TCM Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment of Major Disease, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuyan Li
- Department of General Medicine, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinyan Zhang
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Le LV, Mkrtschjan MA, Russell B, Desai TA. Hang on tight: reprogramming the cell with microstructural cues. Biomed Microdevices 2019; 21:43. [PMID: 30955102 PMCID: PMC6791714 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-019-0394-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cells interact intimately with complex microdomains in their extracellular matrix (ECM) and maintain a delicate balance of mechanical forces through mechanosensitive cellular components. Tissue injury results in acute degradation of the ECM and disruption of cell-ECM contacts, manifesting in loss of cytoskeletal tension, leading to pathological cell transformation and the onset of disease. Recently, microscale hydrogel constructs have been developed to provide cells with microdomains to form focal adhesion binding sites, which enable restoration of cytoskeletal tension. These synthetic anchors can recapitulate the complex 3D architecture of the native ECM to provide microtopographical cues. The mechanical deformation of proteins at the cell surface can activate signaling cascades to modulate downstream gene-level transcription, making this a unique materials-based approach for reprogramming cell behavior. An overview of the mechanisms underlying these mechanosensitive interactions in fibroblasts, stem and other cell types is provided to review their effects on cellular reprogramming. Recent investigations on the fabrication, functionalization and implementation of these materials and microtopographical features for drug testing and therapeutic applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long V Le
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, 1700 4th St Rm 204, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Michael A Mkrtschjan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois, Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Brenda Russell
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois, Chicago, 835 S. Wolcott, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Tejal A Desai
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, 1700 4th St Rm 204, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
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Smyrnias I, Goodwin N, Wachten D, Skogestad J, Aronsen JM, Robinson EL, Demydenko K, Segonds-Pichon A, Oxley D, Sadayappan S, Sipido K, Bootman MD, Roderick HL. Contractile responses to endothelin-1 are regulated by PKC phosphorylation of cardiac myosin binding protein-C in rat ventricular myocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 117:1-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Grimes KM, Barefield DY, Kumar M, McNamara JW, Weintraub ST, de Tombe PP, Sadayappan S, Buffenstein R. The naked mole-rat exhibits an unusual cardiac myofilament protein profile providing new insights into heart function of this naturally subterranean rodent. Pflugers Arch 2017; 469:1603-1613. [PMID: 28780592 PMCID: PMC5856255 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-017-2046-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The long-lived, hypoxic-tolerant naked mole-rat well-maintains cardiac function over its three-decade-long lifespan and exhibits many cardiac features atypical of similar-sized laboratory rodents. For example, they exhibit low heart rates and resting cardiac contractility, yet have a large cardiac reserve. These traits are considered ecophysiological adaptations to their dank subterranean atmosphere of low oxygen and high carbon dioxide levels and may also contribute to negligible declines in cardiac function during aging. We asked if naked mole-rats had a different myofilament protein signature to that of similar-sized mice that commonly show both high heart rates and high basal cardiac contractility. Adult mouse ventricles predominantly expressed α-myosin heavy chain (97.9 ± 0.4%). In contrast, and more in keeping with humans, β myosin heavy chain was the dominant isoform (79.0 ± 2.0%) in naked mole-rat ventricles. Naked mole-rat ventricles diverged from those of both humans and mice, as they expressed both cardiac and slow skeletal isoforms of troponin I. This myofilament protein profile is more commonly observed in mice in utero and during cardiomyopathies. There were no species differences in phosphorylation of cardiac myosin binding protein-C or troponin I. Phosphorylation of both ventricular myosin light chain 2 and cardiac troponin T in naked mole-rats was approximately half that observed in mice. Myofilament function was also compared between the two species using permeabilized cardiomyocytes. Together, these data suggest a cardiac myofilament protein signature that may contribute to the naked mole-rat's suite of adaptations to its natural subterranean habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Grimes
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Aging and Longevity Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - David Y Barefield
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mohit Kumar
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
- Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - James W McNamara
- Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Susan T Weintraub
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Pieter P de Tombe
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Sakthivel Sadayappan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Health Sciences Division, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
- Heart, Lung and Vascular Institute, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Rochelle Buffenstein
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Sam and Ann Barshop Institute for Aging and Longevity Studies, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Calico Life Sciences, 1170 Veterans Blvd, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
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Abstract
There has been a significant progress in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which calcium (Ca2+) ions mediate various types of cardiac arrhythmias. A growing list of inherited gene defects can cause potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmia syndromes, including catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, congenital long QT syndrome, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. In addition, acquired deficits of multiple Ca2+-handling proteins can contribute to the pathogenesis of arrhythmias in patients with various types of heart disease. In this review article, we will first review the key role of Ca2+ in normal cardiac function-in particular, excitation-contraction coupling and normal electric rhythms. The functional involvement of Ca2+ in distinct arrhythmia mechanisms will be discussed, followed by various inherited arrhythmia syndromes caused by mutations in Ca2+-handling proteins. Finally, we will discuss how changes in the expression of regulation of Ca2+ channels and transporters can cause acquired arrhythmias, and how these mechanisms might be targeted for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Landstrom
- From the Section of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (A.P.L.), Cardiovascular Research Institute (A.P.L., X.H.T.W.), and Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Medicine (Cardiology), Center for Space Medicine (X.H.T.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (D.D.)
| | - Dobromir Dobrev
- From the Section of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (A.P.L.), Cardiovascular Research Institute (A.P.L., X.H.T.W.), and Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Medicine (Cardiology), Center for Space Medicine (X.H.T.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (D.D.)
| | - Xander H T Wehrens
- From the Section of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics (A.P.L.), Cardiovascular Research Institute (A.P.L., X.H.T.W.), and Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Medicine (Cardiology), Center for Space Medicine (X.H.T.W.), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX; and Institute of Pharmacology, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany (D.D.).
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Hwang HS, Kryshtal DO, Feaster TK, Sánchez-Freire V, Zhang J, Kamp TJ, Hong CC, Wu JC, Knollmann BC. Comparable calcium handling of human iPSC-derived cardiomyocytes generated by multiple laboratories. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 85:79-88. [PMID: 25982839 PMCID: PMC4530041 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2015] [Revised: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes (CMs) derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are being increasingly used to model human heart diseases. hiPSC-CMs generated by earlier aggregation-based methods (i.e., embryoid body) often lack functional sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca stores characteristic of mature mammalian CMs. Newer monolayer-based cardiac differentiation methods (i.e., Matrigel sandwich or small molecule-based differentiation) produce hiPSC-CMs of high purity and yield, but their Ca handling has not been comprehensively investigated. Here, we studied Ca handling and cytosolic Ca buffering properties of hiPSC-CMs generated independently from multiple hiPSC lines at Stanford University, Vanderbilt University and University of Wisconsin-Madison. hiPSC-CMs were cryopreserved at each university. Frozen aliquots were shipped, recovered from cryopreservation, plated at low density and compared 3-5days after plating with acutely-isolated adult rabbit and mouse ventricular CMs. Although hiPSC-CM cell volume was significantly smaller, cell capacitance to cell volume ratio and cytoplasmic Ca buffering were not different from rabbit-CMs. hiPSC-CMs from all three laboratories exhibited robust L-type Ca currents, twitch Ca transients and caffeine-releasable SR Ca stores comparable to adult CMs. Ca transport by sarcoendoplasmic reticulum Ca ATPase (SERCA) and Na/Ca exchanger (NCX) was similar in all hiPSC-CM lines, but slower compared to rabbit-CMs. However, the relative contribution of SERCA and NCX to Ca transport of hiPSC-CMs was comparable to rabbit-CMs. Ca handling maturity of hiPSC-CMs increased from 15 to 21days post-induction. We conclude that hiPSC-CMs generated independently from multiple iPSC lines using monolayer-based methods can be reproducibly recovered from cryopreservation and exhibit comparable and functional SR Ca handling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Seok Hwang
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Oates Institute for Experimental Therapeutics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dmytro O Kryshtal
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Oates Institute for Experimental Therapeutics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - T K Feaster
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Verónica Sánchez-Freire
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Timothy J Kamp
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Charles C Hong
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN USA; Research Medicine, Veterans Affairs TVHS, Nasvhille, TN USA
| | - Joseph C Wu
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Björn C Knollmann
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Oates Institute for Experimental Therapeutics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Vakrou S, Abraham MR. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a heart in need of an energy bar? Front Physiol 2014; 5:309. [PMID: 25191275 PMCID: PMC4137386 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) has been recently recognized as the most common inherited cardiovascular disorder, affecting 1 in 500 adults worldwide. HCM is characterized by myocyte hypertrophy resulting in thickening of the ventricular wall, myocyte disarray, interstitial and/or replacement fibrosis, decreased ventricular cavity volume and diastolic dysfunction. HCM is also the most common cause of sudden death in the young. A large proportion of patients diagnosed with HCM have mutations in sarcomeric proteins. However, it is unclear how these mutations lead to the cardiac phenotype, which is variable even in patients carrying the same causal mutation. Abnormalities in calcium cycling, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction and energetic deficiency have been described constituting the basis of therapies in experimental models of HCM and HCM patients. This review focuses on evidence supporting the role of cellular metabolism and mitochondria in HCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Styliani Vakrou
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M Roselle Abraham
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University Baltimore, MD, USA
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