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Koo PL, Lim GK. A review on analytical techniques for quantitative detection of histamine in fish products. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Lopes C, Chaves J, Ortigão R, Dinis‐Ribeiro M, Pereira C. Gastric cancer detection by non-blood-based liquid biopsies: A systematic review looking into the last decade of research. United European Gastroenterol J 2022; 11:114-130. [PMID: 36461757 PMCID: PMC9892482 DOI: 10.1002/ueg2.12328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) screening is arguable in most Western countries. Liquid biopsies are a great promise to answer the unmet need for less invasive diagnostic biomarkers in GC. Thus, we aimed at systematically reviewing the current knowledge on liquid biopsy-based biomarkers in GC screening. A systematic search on PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus databases was performed on published articles reporting the use of non-blood specimen (saliva, gastric juice [GJ], urine and stool) on GC diagnosis. 3208 records were retrieved by June 2022. After removal of duplicate records, 2379 abstracts were screened, and 84 full texts included in this systematic review. More than 90% of studies were reported on Asian populations. Overall, 9 studies explored stool-, 12 saliva-, and 29 urine-derived biomarkers for GC detection. Additionally, 37 studies, representing the majority, analyzed GJ, focusing on nucleic acid molecules. Several miRNAs and lncRNA molecules have been associated with GC risk, particularly miR-21 (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.94-1.00). Considering salivary biomarkers, the best described model in validation sets included the soybean agglutinin and Vicia villosa agglutinin lectins (AUC = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.80-0.99). Most studies in urine carried out metabolomic approaches, with two discriminatory models presenting AUC values superior to 0.97. This systematic review emphasizes the potential role of non-blood-based biomarkers, although further validation, particularly in Western countries, is mandatory, namely for non-invasive screening and/or monitoring, as well as the use of GJ as a tool to enhance upper gastrointestinal endoscopy accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Lopes
- Precancerous Lesions and Early Cancer Management GroupResearch Center of IPO Porto (CI‐IPOP)/Rise@CI‐IPOP (Health Research Group)Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC)PortoPortugal,CINTESIS – Center for Health Technology and Services ResearchUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal,ICBAS‐UP – Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel SalazarUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Jéssica Chaves
- Precancerous Lesions and Early Cancer Management GroupResearch Center of IPO Porto (CI‐IPOP)/Rise@CI‐IPOP (Health Research Group)Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC)PortoPortugal,Department of GastroenterologyPortuguese Oncology Institute of PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Raquel Ortigão
- Precancerous Lesions and Early Cancer Management GroupResearch Center of IPO Porto (CI‐IPOP)/Rise@CI‐IPOP (Health Research Group)Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC)PortoPortugal,Department of GastroenterologyPortuguese Oncology Institute of PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Mário Dinis‐Ribeiro
- Precancerous Lesions and Early Cancer Management GroupResearch Center of IPO Porto (CI‐IPOP)/Rise@CI‐IPOP (Health Research Group)Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC)PortoPortugal,Department of GastroenterologyPortuguese Oncology Institute of PortoPortoPortugal
| | - Carina Pereira
- Precancerous Lesions and Early Cancer Management GroupResearch Center of IPO Porto (CI‐IPOP)/Rise@CI‐IPOP (Health Research Group)Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO Porto)/Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (Porto.CCC)PortoPortugal,CINTESIS – Center for Health Technology and Services ResearchUniversity of PortoPortoPortugal
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Urine as a Source of Liquid Biopsy for Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112652. [PMID: 34071230 PMCID: PMC8199052 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Tissue biopsy is essential for diagnosis and characterization of a tumor. Recently circulating tumor cells and other tumor-derived nucleic acid can be detected from blood, which is called liquid biopsy. Now this concept has been expanded to many other body fluids including urine. Urine is the least invasive method to obtain a liquid biopsy and can be done anywhere, which allows longitudinal repeated sampling. Here, we review the latest update on urine liquid biopsy in urological and non-urological cancers. Abstract Tissue biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis and morphological and immunohistochemical analyses to characterize cancer. However, tissue biopsy usually requires an invasive procedure, and it can be challenging depending on the condition of the patient and the location of the tumor. Even liquid biopsy analysis of body fluids such as blood, saliva, gastric juice, sweat, tears and cerebrospinal fluid may require invasive procedures to obtain samples. Liquid biopsy can be applied to circulating tumor cells (CTCs) or nucleic acids (NAs) in blood. Recently, urine has gained popularity due to its less invasive sampling, ability to easily repeat samples, and ability to follow tumor evolution in real-time, making it a powerful tool for diagnosis and treatment monitoring in cancer patients. With the development and advancements in extraction methods of urinary substances, urinary NAs have been found to be closely related to carcinogenesis, metastasis, and therapeutic response, not only in urological cancers but also in non-urological cancers. This review mainly highlights the components of urine liquid biopsy and their utility and limitations in oncology, especially in non-urological cancers.
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Ala M. The footprint of kynurenine pathway in every cancer: a new target for chemotherapy. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 896:173921. [PMID: 33529725 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of cancers has always been a challenge for physicians. Typically, several groups of anti-cancer medications are needed for effective management of an invasive and metastatic cancer. Recently, therapeutic potentiation of immune system markedly improved treatment of cancers. Kynurenine pathway has an interwoven correlation with immune system. Kynurenine promotes T Reg (regulatory) differentiation, which leads to increased production of anti-inflammatory cytokines and suppression of cytotoxic activity of T cells. Overactivation of kynurenine pathway in cancers provides an immunologically susceptible microenvironment for mutant cells to survive and invade surrounding tissues. Interestingly, kynurenine pathway vigorously interacts with other molecular pathways involved in tumorigenesis. For instance, kynurenine pathway interacts with phospoinosisitide-3 kinase (PI3K), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), Wnt/β-catenin, P53, bridging integrator 1 (BIN-1), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) and collagen type XII α1 chain (COL12A1). Overactivation of kynurenine pathway, particularly overactivation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) predicts poor prognosis of several cancers such as gastrointestinal cancers, gynecological cancers, hematologic malignancies, breast cancer, lung cancer, glioma, melanoma, prostate cancer and pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, kynurenine increases the invasion, metastasis and chemoresistance of cancer cells. Recently, IDO inhibitors entered clinical trials and successfully passed their safety tests and showed promising therapeutic efficacy for cancers such as melanoma, brain cancer, renal cell carcinoma, prostate cancer and pancreatic cancer. However, a phase III trial of epacadostat, an IDO inhibitor, could not increase the efficacy of treatment with pembrolizumab for melanoma. In this review the expanding knowledge towards kynurenine pathway and its application in each cancer is discussed separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Ala
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
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5
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Contorno S, Darienzo RE, Tannenbaum R. Evaluation of aromatic amino acids as potential biomarkers in breast cancer by Raman spectroscopy analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1698. [PMID: 33462309 PMCID: PMC7813877 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81296-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The scope of the work undertaken in this paper was to explore the feasibility and reliability of using the Raman signature of aromatic amino acids as a marker in the detection of the presence of breast cancer and perhaps, even the prediction of cancer development in very early stages of cancer onset. To be able to assess this hypothesis, we collected most recent and relevant literature in which Raman spectroscopy was used as an analytical tool in the evaluation of breast cell lines and breast tissue, re-analyzed all the Raman spectra, and extracted all spectral bands from each spectrum that were indicative of aromatic amino acids. The criteria for the consideration of the various papers for this study, and hence, the inclusion of the data that they contained were two-fold: (1) The papers had to focus on the characterization of breast tissue with Raman spectroscopy, and (2) the spectra provided within these papers included the spectral range of 500-1200 cm-1, which constitutes the characteristic region for aromatic amino acid vibrational modes. After all the papers that satisfied these criteria were collected, the relevant spectra from each paper were extracted, processed, normalized. All data were then plotted without bias in order to decide whether there is a pattern that can shed light on a possible diagnostic classification. Remarkably, we have been able to demonstrate that cancerous breast tissues and cells decidedly exhibit overexpression of aromatic amino acids and that the difference between the extent of their presence in cancerous cells and healthy cells is overwhelming. On the basis of this analysis, we conclude that it is possible to use the signature Raman bands of aromatic amino acids as a biomarker for the detection, evaluation and diagnosis of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaymus Contorno
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Richard E Darienzo
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Rina Tannenbaum
- Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
- The Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
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Lee W, Um J, Ko KH, Lee YC, Chung BC, Hong J. UHPLC-MS/MS profiling of histidine and bile acid metabolism in human gastric fluid for diagnosis of gastric diseases. J Anal Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-020-00218-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBile acids (BAs) are synthesized in the liver and can mediate homeostasis and various metabolism processes in the human body. Their levels in the gastrointestinal tract are closely related to various gastrointestinal diseases. In particular, farnesoid X receptor activated by free BAs is associated with overexpression of histidine decarboxylase in tumorigenesis. Therefore, comprehensive profiling of histamine (HIST), histidine (His), and BAs in biological samples can provide insight into the pathological mechanisms of gastrointestinal diseases. However, development of an analytical platform to profile HIST, His, and BAs in biological samples has several challenges such as highly different polarities between acidic and basic targets, low physiological concentrations of analytes, and high matrix interference of biological samples. In this study, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method combined with serial derivatization was developed to simultaneously determine HIST, His, and 5 BAs (cholic acid, deoxycholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, and lithocholic acid) in human gastric fluid. In serial derivatization, benzoyl chloride (BzCl) and N,N-dimethylethylenediamine (DMED) were used to selectively derivatize amino and carboxyl groups of analytes, respectively. After serial derivatization, all target derivatives were determined using a reverse-phase C18 LC column and positive multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, with reasonable chromatographic separation and sensitive MS detection. To accurately quantify target metabolites, 7 stable isotope-labeled internal standards were used. The MS/MS spectra of DMED and Bz derivatives exhibited specific fragments via loss of a neutral molecule (dimethylamine; 45 Da) and inductive cleavage (benzoyl; m/z 105) from protonated molecules, enabling selection of appropriate MRM transition ions for selective and sensitive detection. The developed method was validated with respect to limits of detection and quantification, linearity, precision, accuracy, stability, and matrix effect. The established method was successfully applied to human gastric fluid samples. This method provides reliable quantification of HIST, His, and BAs in human gastric fluid and will be helpful to understand pathophysiological mechanisms of gastric diseases.
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Qiao L, Benzigar MR, Subramony JA, Lovell NH, Liu G. Advances in Sweat Wearables: Sample Extraction, Real-Time Biosensing, and Flexible Platforms. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:34337-34361. [PMID: 32579332 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c07614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Wearable biosensors for sweat-based analysis are gaining wide attention due to their potential use in personal health monitoring. Flexible wearable devices enable sweat analysis at the molecular level, facilitating noninvasive monitoring of physiological states via real-time monitoring of chemical biomarkers. Advances in sweat extraction technology, real-time biosensors, stretchable materials, device integration, and wireless digital technologies have led to the development of wearable sweat-biosensing devices that are light, flexible, comfortable, aesthetic, affordable, and informative. Herein, we summarize recent advances of sweat wearables from the aspects of sweat extraction, fabrication of stretchable biomaterials, and design of biosensing modules to enable continuous biochemical monitoring, which are essential for a biosensing device. Key chemical components of sweat, sweat capture methodologies, and considerations of flexible substrates for integrating real-time biosensors with electronics to bring innovations in the art of wearables are elaborated. The strategies and challenges involved in improving the wearable biosensing performance and the perspectives for designing sweat-based wearable biosensing devices are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laicong Qiao
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Mercy Rose Benzigar
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - J Anand Subramony
- Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Nigel H Lovell
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Guozhen Liu
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Tian J, Xue W, Yin H, Zhang N, Zhou J, Long Z, Wu C, Liang Z, Xie K, Li S, Li L, Wu Z, Daria V, Zhao Y, Wang F, Wang M. Differential Metabolic Alterations and Biomarkers Between Gastric Cancer and Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:6093-6108. [PMID: 32612370 PMCID: PMC7323803 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s247393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Numerous metabolomics studies have been conducted to detect the metabolic mechanisms and biomarkers related to gastric cancer and colorectal cancer. Because of the common metabolic features between gastric cancer and colorectal cancer, a differential diagnosis is difficult. Here, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify differential metabolic biomarkers between these two types of cancers. Materials and Methods PubMed, Embase, and ScienceDirect were searched to identify all metabolomics studies of gastric cancer and colorectal cancer published up to September 2018. Differential metabolites or altered pathways were extracted. The intersections and differences for these metabolites and pathways between gastric cancer and colorectal cancer were compared. Candidate biomarker sets for diagnosis were proposed from biofluid or feces by comparing them with tumor tissues. Results Totally, 24 and 65 studies were included in gastric cancer and colorectal cancer, and 223 and 472 differential metabolites were extracted, respectively. Eight pathways were reproducibly enriched in blood, tissue and urine in gastric cancer, while, 11 pathways were reproducibly enriched in blood, urine, feces and tissue in colorectal cancer. Candidate metabolic biomarker sets in blood, urine, or feces for these two cancers were proposed. We found 27 pathways (categorized into eight classifications) common to both cancers, five pathways involving 35 metabolites enriched only in gastric cancer, and eight pathways involving 54 metabolites enriched only in colorectal cancer. Conclusion The altered metabolic pathways showed signatures of abnormal metabolism in gastric cancer and colorectal cancer; the potential metabolic biomarkers proposed in this study have important implications for the prospective validation of gastric cancer and colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshen Tian
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Weinan Xue
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Huihui Yin
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Junde Zhou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiping Long
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengwei Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengzi Liang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Xie
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangliang Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Volontovich Daria
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yashuang Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Maoqing Wang
- National Key Disciplines of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
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Identification of Lesional Tissues and Nonlesional Tissues in Early Gastric Cancer Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection Specimens Using a Fiber Optic Raman System. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2020; 2020:8015024. [PMID: 32508914 PMCID: PMC7245655 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8015024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To identify lesional and nonlesional tissues from early gastric cancer (EGC) patients by Raman spectroscopy to build a diagnostic model and effectively diagnose EGC. Method Specimens were collected by endoscopic submucosal dissection from 13 patients with EGC, and 55 sets of standard Raman spectral data (each integrated 10 times) were obtained using the fiber optic Raman system; there were 33 sets of lesional tissue data, including 18 sets of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN) data and 15 sets of adenocarcinoma data, and 22 sets of nonlesional tissue data. After the preprocessing steps, the average Raman spectrum was obtained. Results The nonlesional tissues showed peaks at 891 cm−1, 1103 cm−1, 1417 cm−1, 1206 cm−1, 1234 cm−1, 1479 cm−1, 1560 cm−1, and 1678 cm−1. Compared with the peaks corresponding to nonlesional tissues, the peaks of the lesional tissues shifted by different magnitudes, and a new characteristic peak at 1324 cm−1 was observed. Comparing the peak intensity ratio and the integral energy ratio of the lesional tissues with those of the nonlesional tissues revealed a significant difference between the two groups (independent-samplest-test, P < 0.05). Considering the peak intensity ratio of I1560 cm−1/I1103 cm−1 as a diagnostic indicator, the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of diagnosing EGC were 98.8%, 93.9%, and 91.9%, respectively. Considering the integral energy ratio (noncontinuous frequency band and continuous frequency band) as a diagnostic indicator, the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of diagnosing EGC were 99.2-99.6%, 93.9-97.0%, and 95.5%, respectively. Conclusions The integral energy ratio of the Raman spectrum could be considered an effective indicator for the diagnosis of EGC.
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Xu H, Ruan LY, Chen C, Fan JT, Chen JF, Zhao WL, Meng HH, Liu WY, Zhao WL, Zheng Q, Liu ZC, Wang JS. Therapeutic assessment of fractions of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on chronic atrophic gastritis by 1H NMR-based metabolomics. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 254:112403. [PMID: 32109546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Gastrodiae Rhizoma (GR), a well-known and commonly-used TCM (Traditional Chinese Medicine) for treating headache, dizziness, tetanus, epilepsy, and etc., has been proven to relieve chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG). Due to its complex ingredients, the active fractions responsible for the treatment of CAG remain largely unknown. AIM OF THE STUDY To explore the underlying material and interpret its underlying mechanism, the therapeutic effect of extract from different polar parts of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on autoimmune CAG was studied based on the 1H NMR metabolomics. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rat model of CAG was established by autoimmune method. The modeled CAG rats were then treated with 4 polar parts (T1-4 in descending polarity, corresponding to water, n-butanol, ethyl acetate and petroleum ether extracts, respectively) of Gastrodiae Rhizoma for 21 consecutive days. The stomach and serum samples were collected and then subjected to histopathology observation, biochemical measurement (MDA, SOD, GSH, NO, XOD and pepsin), 1H NMR metabolic profiling and multivariate/univariate statistical analysis. RESULTS The results showed that T1 had the best therapeutic effect, T2 the second, and T3 and T4 the poorest with no obvious therapeutic effect, demonstrating that the effective components of Gastrodiae Rhizoma should be compounds of high polarity. T1 achieved good therapeutic effects due to the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities, and by rectifying the disturbed energy and amino acid metabolism in CAG model. CONCLUSION This integrated metabolomics approach proved the validity of the therapeutic effect of extract from different polar parts of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on autoimmune CAG, providing new insights into the underlying mechanisms, and demonstrating the feasibility of metabolomics to evaluate efficacy of herbal drug, which is often difficult by traditional means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Xu
- Center of Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Ling-Yu Ruan
- Center of Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Center of Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Jun-Ting Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, China
| | - Jian-Feng Chen
- Center of Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Wen-Long Zhao
- Center of Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Hui-Hui Meng
- Center of Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Wen-Ya Liu
- Center of Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Wen-Li Zhao
- Center of Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Qi Zheng
- Center of Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Zhi-Chao Liu
- Center of Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Jun-Song Wang
- Center of Molecular Metabolism, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiaolingwei Street, Nanjing, 210094, China.
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Lee W, Um J, Hwang B, Lee YC, Chung BC, Hong J. Assessing the progression of gastric cancer via profiling of histamine, histidine, and bile acids in gastric juice using LC-MS/MS. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 197:105539. [PMID: 31730800 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bile acid (BA) imbalance may be directly associated with gastric cancer and indirectly influence stomach carcinogenesis via overexpression of histidine decarboxylase (HDC), which converts histidine (His) into histamine (HIST). Moreover, the progression of gastric cancer, could change the gut microbiome, including bacteria spp. that produce secondary BAs. Gastric juice has various metabolites that could indicate gastric cancer-related stomach conditions. Therefore, profiling of HIST, His, and BAs in gastric juice is crucial for understanding the etiological mechanisms of gastric cancer. We used a profiling method to simultaneously determine targeted metabolites in gastric juice using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). We successfully analyzed 70 human gastric juice samples from patients with chronic superficial gastritis (CSG, n = 20), intestinal metaplasia (IM, n = 12), and gastric cancer (n = 38). Furthermore, we investigated the relevance between BA metabolism and gastric cancer. There were statistical differences in the metabolism of cholic acid (CA) into deoxycholic acid (DCA) based on the progression of CSG into IM and gastric cancer. Hence, the progression of gastric cancer might be related to the alterations in gut microbiome composition. We provide insight into the etiological mechanisms of the progression of gastric cancer and biomarkers to diagnose and treat gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonwoong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhee Um
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Boram Hwang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Chan Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Gastroenterology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Chul Chung
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongki Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Republic of Korea.
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Yu J, Zhao J, Zhang M, Guo J, Liu X, Liu L. Metabolomics studies in gastrointestinal cancer: a systematic review. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 14:9-25. [PMID: 31786962 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2020.1700112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: This systemic review provides an overview of metabolic perturbations and possible mechanisms in gastrointestinal cancer. The authors discuss emerging challenges of technical and clinical applications.Areas covered: In this systemic review, the authors summarized the currently available results of metabolomic biomarkers linked to GI cancer, and discussed the altered metabolism pathways including carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, lipids, and nucleotide metabolism and other metabolisms. Furthermore, future efforts need to adhere to normalize analysis procedures, validate with the larger cohort and utilize multiple-omics technologies. The search was conducted in PubMed with the following search terms (biomarker, gastrointestinal cancer, colorectal cancer, and esophageal cancer) from 2013 to 2019.Expert opinion: This systemic review summarized the currently available results of metabolomic biomarkers linked to gastrointestinal cancer, and discussed the altered metabolism pathways. The authors believe that metabolomics will benefit deeper understandings of the pathogenic mechanism, discovery of biomarkers and aid the search for drug targets as we move toward the era of personalized medicine. Personalized medication for tumors can improve the curative effect, avoid side effects and medical resource waste. As a promisingtool, metabolomics that targets the entire cancer-specific metabolite network should be applied more widely in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Jinhui Zhao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Mingjia Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Jing Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
| | - Liyan Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, P. R. China
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13
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Patil PA, Blakely AM, Lombardo KA, Machan JT, Miner TJ, Wang LJ, Marwaha AS, Matoso A. Expression of PD-L1, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and the immune microenvironment in gastric adenocarcinoma. Histopathology 2018; 73:124-136. [PMID: 29489025 DOI: 10.1111/his.13504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The tumour microenvironment is increasingly important in several tumours. We studied the relationship of key players of immune microenvironment with clinicopathological parameters in gastric adenocarcinomas. METHODS AND RESULTS Tissue microarrays were constructed from gastrectomy specimens, 2004-13. Immunohistochemistry was performed for programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase (WARS), guanylate-binding protein 5 (GBP5), tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) expressing CD3/CD8/FoxP3/PD1 and mismatch repair proteins (MMRs) MLH1, PMS2, MSH2 and MSH6. Clinicopathological parameters and clinical follow-up were recorded. The study included 86 patients; median follow-up was 34 months (0-148). Tumour types were 45% tubular, 38% diffuse, 17% mixed. PD-L1 was positive in 70%, epithelial IDO in 58%, stromal IDO in 91%, epithelial WARS in 67%, stromal WARS in 100%, epithelial GBP5 in 53% and stromal GBP5 in 71%. MMR-deficiency was found in 22%. There was no difference in biomarker expression by histological subtype, with the exception of fewer diffuse-type being MMR-deficient. Low stromal IDO was associated with decreased progression-free, overall and disease-specific survival. PD-L1-positive tumours were larger with MMR-deficiency and with increasing TILs, and had significantly higher FoxP3TILs. CONCLUSIONS PD-L1 is expressed in a large proportion of gastric carcinomas, suggesting that therapy targeting this pathway could be relevant to many patients. PD-L1 expression and MMR-deficiency are associated with increased TILs and larger tumour size, emphasising their role in tumour biology. Higher stromal IDO expression is associated with better prognosis. Finally, we observed that immune modulators WARS and GBP5 are expressed highly in gastric adenocarcinomas, suggesting an important role in tumour pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi A Patil
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lifespan Academic Medical Center and Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Andrew M Blakely
- Department of Surgery, Lifespan Academic Medical Center and Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Kara A Lombardo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lifespan Academic Medical Center and Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Jason T Machan
- Department of Biostatistics, Lifespan Academic Medical Center and Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Thomas J Miner
- Department of Surgery, Lifespan Academic Medical Center and Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Li-Juan Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Lifespan Academic Medical Center and Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Alexander S Marwaha
- Departments of Pathology, Urology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andres Matoso
- Departments of Pathology, Urology and Oncology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
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14
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Wang YK, Chiang WC, Kuo FC, Wu MC, Shih HY, Wang SSW, Liu CJ, Chen YH, Wu DC, Su WW, Huang YL. Levels of malondialdehyde in the gastric juice: Its association with Helicobacter pylori infection and stomach diseases. Helicobacter 2018; 23:e12460. [PMID: 29315971 DOI: 10.1111/hel.12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection causes elevation of lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) and this association may be due to the bacterium causing reactive oxygen species-mediated damage to DNA in the gastric epithelium. The aim of this study was to investigate the gastric juice MDA levels in relation to H. pylori infection and associated gastric diseases. METHODS Gastric juice samples were obtained from 117 patients undergoing endoscopy, and gastric juice MDA levels were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) system. We compared the MDA levels between patients with and without H. pylori infection and assessed the differences of MDA levels between chronic gastritis, gastric intestinal metaplasia, and gastric cancer postsurgical resection. RESULTS Malondialdehyde levels in gastric juice were significantly higher in chronic gastritis patients with H. pylori infection than in those without H. pylori infection (P < .0001). In patients without H. pylori infection, patients with gastric intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancer postsurgical resection had significantly higher gastric juice MDA level than patients with chronic gastritis. As a whole, patients with gastric intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancer postsurgical resection also had significantly higher MDA levels in gastric juice as compared to patients with chronic gastritis (P < .01). However, the difference of gastric juice MDA levels between gastric intestinal metaplasia and gastric cancer postsurgical resection was not significant. CONCLUSION Malondialdehyde in gastric juice could be used as a potential diagnostic biomarker for H. pylori infection and associated gastric diseases. The gastric juice MDA levels increased proportionally with the severity of gastric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Kuang Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chih Chiang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Chen Kuo
- Shool of Medicine, College of Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chieh Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yao Shih
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Sophie S W Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Jung Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsu Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Deng-Chyang Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Center for Stem Cell Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Su
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chang-Hua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yeou-Lih Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan.,Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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15
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Zhou S, Yao D, Guo L, Teng L. Curcumin suppresses gastric cancer by inhibiting gastrin-mediated acid secretion. FEBS Open Bio 2017; 7:1078-1084. [PMID: 28781948 PMCID: PMC5537064 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 04/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperacidity in the stomach is known to promote the progression of gastric cancer. The plant-derived chemotherapeutic curcumin is used to treat gastric cancer. The objective of this study was to investigate whether curcumin regulates gastrin-mediated acid secretion in suppressing gastric cancer. Gastric cancer cells were treated with 25 μm curcumin, followed by Annexin V/propidium iodide double-staining assay to evaluate cell apoptosis. Western blot analysis was used to analyze caspase-3 expression in response to curcumin treatment. Gastrin levels in culture medium were also monitored. Mice bearing gastric cancers were treated with curcumin, followed by analysis of tumor caspase-3 expression, gastric acid pH, and gastric secretion in serum. Curcumin prominently inhibited gastric cancer cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis. Caspase-3 was upregulated by curcumin treatment. Curcumin also reduced gastrin secretion. Curcumin dramatically inhibited tumor growth, increased gastric pH, and reduced gastric secretion. In gastric cancer, curcumin suppresses gastrin-mediated acid secretion, which inhibits gastric cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufen Zhou
- Department of Gerontology, Affiliated Second HospitalMudanjiang Medical UniversityChina
| | - Dongjie Yao
- Department of Quality Control, Affiliated Second HospitalMudanjiang Medical UniversityChina
| | - Ling Guo
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Second HospitalMudanjiang Medical UniversityChina
| | - Ling Teng
- Department of Gerontology, Affiliated Second HospitalMudanjiang Medical UniversityChina
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16
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Wan QS, Wang T, Zhang KH. Biomedical optical spectroscopy for the early diagnosis of gastrointestinal neoplasms. Tumour Biol 2017; 39:1010428317717984. [PMID: 28671054 DOI: 10.1177/1010428317717984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancer is a leading contributor to cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early diagnosis currently plays a key role in the prognosis of patients with gastrointestinal cancer. Despite the advances in endoscopy over the last decades, missing lesions, undersampling and incorrect sampling in biopsies, as well as invasion still result in a poor diagnostic rate of early gastrointestinal cancers. Accordingly, there is a pressing need to develop non-invasive methods for the early detection of gastrointestinal cancers. Biomedical optical spectroscopy, including infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, diffuse scattering spectroscopy and autofluorescence, is capable of providing structural and chemical information about biological specimens with the advantages of non-destruction, non-invasion and reagent-free and waste-free analysis and has thus been widely investigated for the diagnosis of oesophageal, gastric and colorectal cancers. This review will introduce the advances of biomedical optical spectroscopy techniques, highlight their applications for the early detection of gastrointestinal cancers and discuss their limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Si Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangxi Institute of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangxi Institute of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Kun-He Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jiangxi Institute of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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17
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Xiao S, Zhou L. Gastric cancer: Metabolic and metabolomics perspectives (Review). Int J Oncol 2017; 51:5-17. [PMID: 28535006 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most malignant tumors worldwide and remains a major health threat in Asia-Pacific regions, while its pathological mechanism is generally unknown. Recent research has advanced the understanding of the relationship between metabolic reprogramming and carcinogenesis. In particular, metabolic regulation and cancer research are being further brought into sharp focus with the emergence of metabolomics. Not only can metabolomics provide global information on metabolic profiles of specific tumors, but it can also act as a promising tool to discover biomarkers regarding diagnosis, metastatic surveillance and chemotherapeutic sensitivity prediction. Meanwhile, metabolism-based anticancer therapies will be further discovered. Up to now, accumulative studies have highlighted the application of metabolomics in gastric cancer research regarding different aspects; therefore we summarized the current available results of how metabolic changes are linked to gastric carcinogenesis, and how metabolomics holds promise for the diagnosis, metastatic surveillance, treatment and prognosis prediction of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyu Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
| | - Liya Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian, Beijing 100191, P.R. China
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18
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Liu J, Yan A, Yang Y, Wan YQ. Determination of 4-Hydroxyphenyllactic Acid in Human Urine by Magnetic Solid-Phase Extraction and High-Performance Anion-Exchange Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection. ANAL LETT 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2016.1175468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junjun Liu
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Aiping Yan
- Center of Analysis and Testing, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yongli Yang
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yi-Qun Wan
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
- Center of Analysis and Testing, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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19
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Choi JM, Park WS, Song KY, Lee HJ, Jung BH. Development of simultaneous analysis of tryptophan metabolites in serum and gastric juice - an investigation towards establishing a biomarker test for gastric cancer diagnosis. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 30:1963-1974. [PMID: 27240299 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate changes in tryptophan metabolism and discover diagnostic biomarkers for gastric cancer, a quantitative method was developed for tryptophan and its seven metabolites (indole-3-lactic acid, anthranilic acid, serotonin, nicotinic acid, kynurenic acid, kynurenine and 3-indoxyl sulfate) in both human serum and gastric juice using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Serum and gastric juice were prepared with a simple protein precipitation using aqueous 0.1% formic acid and acetonitrile. As a result, it was found that the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism was activated in gastric cancer and that the metabolic ratio of kynurenine/tryptophan, which reflects the enzyme activity of indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase, was associated with the observed metabolic changes. Finally, the investigation of tryptophan metabolites, especially kynurenic acid, in serum and gastric juice might serve as biomarkers for gastric cancer. The findings in this study provide critical information of tryptophan metabolism which can be applied to a serum-based diagnostic test for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Min Choi
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Sang Park
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyo Young Song
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hwa Jeong Lee
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hwa Jung
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biological Chemistry, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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20
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Wan QS, Zhang KH. Noninvasive detection of gastric cancer. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:11633-11643. [PMID: 27381515 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5129-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most common cancer and the third common cause of cancer death worldwide. Endoscopy is the most effective method for GC screening, but its application is limited by the invasion. Therefore, continuous efforts have been made to develop noninvasive methods for GC detection and promising results have been reported. Here, we review the advances in GC detection by protein and nucleic acid tumor markers, circulating tumor cells, and tumor-associated autoantibodies in peripheral blood. Some potential new noninvasive methods for GC detection are also reviewed, including exhaled breath analysis, blood spectroscopy analysis and molecular imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin-Si Wan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 17 Yongwai Zheng Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Kun-He Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 17 Yongwai Zheng Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China.
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21
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Liu JZ, Zhou LY. Elevated amino acids in gastric juice as potential biomarkers for gastric cancer. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:1984-1992. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i13.1984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Early diagnosis plays a vital role in the improvement of the curative rate of gastric cancer. However, the poor specificity and sensitivity of traditional gastric cancer biomarkers, such as carcino-embryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 199, make it difficult to screen early gastric cancer. Gastric juice amino acid profile may be an alternative tumor marker, since abnormal elevation of amino acids in gastric juice has been reported in precancerous patients. Normal concentration of amino acids is extremely low in gastric juice, and special techniques are required to detect amino acids in gastric juice. The change of amino acids in gastric juice is more significant than in blood and tumor tissue. The amino acid profile in gastric juice may work as efficient biomarkers for gastric cancer with the development of amino acid detection technique.
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22
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Delgado-Povedano M, Calderón-Santiago M, Priego-Capote F, Luque de Castro M. Study of sample preparation for quantitative analysis of amino acids in human sweat by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2016; 146:310-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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23
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Lopes R, Grützner N, Berghoff N, Lidbury JA, Suchodolski JS, Steiner JM. Analytic validation of a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method for quantification of six amino acids in canine serum samples. Am J Vet Res 2015; 76:1014-21. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.76.12.1014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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24
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Wiggins T, Kumar S, Markar SR, Antonowicz S, Hanna GB. Tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan in gastroesophageal malignancy: a systematic review. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 24:32-8. [PMID: 25344892 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-14-0980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastroesophageal cancer has a rapidly increasing incidence worldwide and reliable biomarkers are urgently required to facilitate earlier diagnosis and improve survival. The aromatic amino acids tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan represent potential biomarkers and their relation to gastroesophageal cancer will be evaluated in this review. An electronic literature search was performed to identify all published research relating to the measurement of tyrosine, phenylalanine, or tryptophan in the biofluids or tissues of patients with gastroesophageal cancer. Sixteen studies were included in this systematic review. Six studies investigated serum concentrations, which all found decreased concentrations of these aromatic amino acids, except one study that found increased phenylalanine. Five studies reported increased concentrations within gastric content of these patients and two reported increased urinary concentrations. Tissue concentrations of these aromatic amino acids were increased in three studies. Tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan represent potential biomarkers of gastroesophageal cancer, and further research is necessary to definitively establish the mechanism responsible for altered concentrations of these compounds in patients with gastroesophageal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Wiggins
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sacheen Kumar
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sheraz R Markar
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Antonowicz
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - George B Hanna
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
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25
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Pinheiro DDR, Ferreira WAS, Barros MBL, Araújo MD, Rodrigues-Antunes S, Borges BDN. Perspectives on new biomarkers in gastric cancer: Diagnostic and prognostic applications. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:11574-11585. [PMID: 25206265 PMCID: PMC4155351 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i33.11574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is considered one of the most deadly tumors worldwide. Even with the decline in its incidence, the mortality rate of this disease has remained high, mainly due to its late diagnosis and to the lack of precise prognostic markers. The main purpose of this review is to present genetic, epigenetic and proteomic molecular markers that may be used in a diagnostic and prognostic manner and to discuss the pros and cons of each type of marker for improving clinical practice. In this sense, we observed that the use of genetic markers, especially mutations and polymorphisms, should be carefully considered, as they are strongly affected by ethnicity. Proteomic-based markers show promise, but the higher costs of the associated techniques continue to make this approach expensive for routine use. Alternatively, epigenetic markers appear to be very promising, as they can be detected in bodily fluids as well as tissues. However, such markers must be used carefully because epigenetic changes may occur due to environmental factors and aging. Despite the advances in technology and its access, to date, there are few defined biomarkers of prognostic and diagnostic use for gastric tumors. Therefore, the use of a panel of several approaches (genetic, epigenetic and proteomic) should be considered the best alternative for clinical practice.
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26
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Matysiak J, Dereziński P, Klupczyńska A, Matysiak J, Kaczmarek E, Kokot ZJ. Effects of a honeybee sting on the serum free amino acid profile in humans. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103533. [PMID: 25072247 PMCID: PMC4114776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the response to a honeybee venom by analyzing serum levels of 34 free amino acids. Another goal of this study was to apply complex analytic-bioinformatic-clinical strategy based on up-to-date achievements of mass spectrometry in metabolomic profiling. The amino acid profiles were determined using hybrid triple quadrupole/linear ion trap mass spectrometer coupled with a liquid chromatography instrument. Serum samples were collected from 27 beekeepers within 3 hours after they were stung and after a minimum of 6 weeks following the last sting. The differences in amino acid profiles were evaluated using MetaboAnalyst and ROCCET web portals. Chemometric tests showed statistically significant differences in the levels of L-glutamine (Gln), L-glutamic acid (Glu), L-methionine (Met) and 3-methyl-L-histidine (3MHis) between the two analyzed groups of serum samples. Gln and Glu appeared to be the most important metabolites for distinguishing the beekeepers tested shortly after a bee sting from those tested at least 6 weeks later. The role of some amino acids in the response of an organism to the honeybee sting was also discussed. This study indicated that proposed methodology may allow to identify the individuals just after the sting and those who were stung at least 6 weeks earlier. The results we obtained will contribute to better understanding of the human body response to the honeybee sting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Matysiak
- Department of Inorganic & Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
- * E-mail:
| | - Paweł Dereziński
- Department of Inorganic & Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Klupczyńska
- Department of Inorganic & Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Joanna Matysiak
- Ward of Paediatric Diseases, L. Perzyna Regional Unified Hospital in Kalisz, Kalisz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Kaczmarek
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Zenon J. Kokot
- Department of Inorganic & Analytical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
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27
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Chae HD, Kim IH, Lee GH, Shin IH, Suh HS, Jeon CH. Gastric cancer detection using gastric juice pepsinogen and melanoma-associated gene RNA. Am J Clin Pathol 2013; 140:209-14. [PMID: 23897256 DOI: 10.1309/ajcpohxrm5iyxvoc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To develop a new method for gastric cancer detection with gastric juice using melanoma-associated gene (MAGE) RNA and pepsinogen (PG). METHODS In total, 183 gastric juice and paired serum specimens were obtained from 134 patients with gastric cancer and 49 healthy individuals. The gastric juice specimens were analyzed with MAGE A1 to A6 nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The serum and gastric juice PG were measured with a PG I and II immunoassay. RESULTS The gastric juice PG I and PG I/II ratios were more accurate than those of serum. The combination test using the gastric PG I/II ratio and MAGE was the most accurate, with a sensitivity of 77.6% and a specificity of 87.8%. The sensitivity was 78.8% for stage I gastric cancer and not influenced by cancer location or pathologic type. CONCLUSIONS The combination test is potentially an additional tool for gastric cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Dong Chae
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, South Korea
| | - In-Ho Kim
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Geon Ho Lee
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Im-Hee Shin
- Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hun-Suk Suh
- Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Chang-Ho Jeon
- Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Catholic University of Daegu, Daegu, South Korea
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Deng K, Zhou LY, Lin SR, Li Y, Chen M, Geng QM, Li YW. A novel approach for the detection of early gastric cancer: fluorescence spectroscopy of gastric juice. J Dig Dis 2013; 14:299-304. [PMID: 23356830 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of fluorescence spectroscopy of gastric juice for early gastric cancer (EGC) screening. METHODS Gastric juice was collected from 101 participants who underwent endoscopy in the Outpatient Endoscopy Center of Peking University Third Hospital. The participants were divided into three groups: the normal mucosa or chronic non-atrophic gastritis (NM-CNAG) group (n = 35), advanced gastric cancer (AGC) group (n = 33) and EGC group (n = 33). Fluorescence spectroscopic analysis was performed in all the gastric juice samples and the maximum fluorescence intensity of the first peak (P1 FI) was measured. RESULTS The mean fluorescence intensity of P1 FI of gastric juice in AGC (92.1 ± 10.7) and EGC (90.8 ± 12.0) groups was significantly higher than that in the NM-CNAG group (55.7 ± 7.5) (AGC vs NM-CNAG, P = 0.006 and EGC vs NM-CNAG, P = 0.015, respectively). The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves for the detection of AGC and EGC were 0.681 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.553-0.810, P = 0.010) and 0.655 (95% CI 0.522-0.787, P = 0.028). With the P1 FI of ≥47.7, the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for detecting EGC were 69.7%, 57.1% and 63.2%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The enhancement of P1 FI of gastric juice occurs at the early stage of gastric cancer. Fluorescence spectroscopy of gastric juice may be used as a novel screening tool for the early detection of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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The gastric fluid proteome as a potential source of gastric cancer biomarkers. J Proteomics 2013; 90:3-13. [PMID: 23665003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a significant cause of death in many parts of the world. Although timely intervention is associated with better clinical outcome, early gastric cancer detection is frequently not possible given its asymptomatic nature. As such, sensitive and specific gastric cancer biomarkers are highly sought after as diagnostic surrogates that may replace invasive endoscopic and histological examinations. Unlike gastric cancer tissue and serum which are heterogeneous and overloaded with abundant proteins, the gastric fluid contains a concentrated molecular biopsy of the stomach that accurately reflects gastric oncology. This review attempts to (i) summarise the state of proteomics-based gastric cancer biomarker discovery from patient gastric fluids, (ii) outline key considerations in working with the body fluid, and (ii) discuss how the challenges in gastric cancer diagnosis may be overcome with new perspectives in gastric cancer screening.
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Deng K, Lin S, Zhou L, Li Y, Chen M, Wang Y, Li Y. High levels of aromatic amino acids in gastric juice during the early stages of gastric cancer progression. PLoS One 2012; 7:e49434. [PMID: 23152906 PMCID: PMC3496670 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Accepted: 10/07/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Early-stage gastric cancer is mostly asymptomatic and can easily be missed easily by conventional gastroscopy. Currently, there are no useful biomarkers for the early detection of gastric cancer, and their identification of biomarkers is urgently needed. Methods Gastric juice was obtained from 185 subjects that were divided into three groups: non-neoplastic gastric disease (NGD), advanced gastric cancer and early gastric cancer (EGC). The levels of aromatic amino acids in the gastric juice were quantitated using high-performance liquid chromatography. Results The median values (25th to 75th percentile) of tyrosine, phenylalanine and tryptophan in the gastric juice were 3.8 (1.7–7.5) µg/ml, 5.3 (2.3–9.9) µg/ml and 1.0 (0.4–2.8) µg/ml in NGD; 19.4 (5.8–72.4) µg/ml, 24.6 (11.5–73.7) µg/ml and 8.3 (2.1–28.0) µg/ml in EGC. Higher levels of tyrosine, phenylalanine and tryptophan in the gastric juice were observed in individuals of EGC groups compared those of the NGD group (NGD vs. EGC, P<0.0001). For the detection of EGC, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of each biomarker were as follows: tyrosine, 0.790 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.703–0.877]; phenylalanine, 0.831 (95% CI, 0.750–0.911); and tryptophan, 0.819 (95% CI, 0.739–0.900). The sensitivity and specificity of phenylalanine were 75.5% and 81.4%, respectively, for detection of EGC. A multiple logistic regression analysis showed that high levels of aromatic amino acids in the gastric juice were associated with gastric cancer (adjusted β coefficients ranged from 1.801 to 4.414, P<0.001). Conclusion Increased levels of tyrosine, phenylalanine and tryptophan in the gastric juice samples were detected in the early phase of gastric carcinogenesis. Thus, tyrosine, phenylalanine and tryptophan in gastric juice could be used as biomarkers for the early detection of gastric cancer. A gastric juice analysis is an efficient, economical and convenient method for screening early gastric cancer development in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Sanren Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Liya Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mo Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yingchun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuwen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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