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Zhang Q, Zhang M, Du Y, Xu B, Chen G, He S, Zhang D, Li Q, Wang HX. Trace detection of SARS-CoV-2 N-protein by diamond solution-gate field-effect transistor. DIAMOND AND RELATED MATERIALS 2023; 134:109775. [PMID: 36819598 PMCID: PMC9918317 DOI: 10.1016/j.diamond.2023.109775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we introduced H-terminated diamond solution-gate field-effect transistor (H-diamond SGFET) to detect trace SARS-CoV-2 N-protein, which plays an important role in replication and transcription of viral RNA. 1-Pyrenebutyric acid-N-hydroxy succinimide ester (Pyr-NHS) was modified on H-diamond surface as linker, on which the specific antibody of SARS-CoV-2 N-protein was catenated. Fourier transform infrared spectrum, scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrum were utilized to demonstrate the modification of H-diamond with Pyr-NHS and antibody. Shifts of IDS(max) at VGS = -500 mV in transfer characteristics of H-diamond SGFET was observed to determine N-protein concentration in phosphate buffer solution. Good linear relationship between IDS(max) and log10(N-protein) was observed from 10-14 to 10-5 g/mL with goodness of fit R2 = 0.90 and sensitivity of 1.98 μA/Log10 [concentration of N-protein] at VDS = -500 mV, VGS = -500 mV. Consequently, this prepared H-diamond SGFET biosensor may provide a new idea for diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 due to a wide detection range from 10-14 to 10-5 g/mL and low limit of detection 10-14 g/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Physical Electronics and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Minghui Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Physical Electronics and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Yuxiang Du
- The Key Laboratory of Physical Electronics and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Bangqiang Xu
- Laboratory of Infectious and Immune Diseases, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University), Xi'an 710068, China
| | - Genqiang Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Physical Electronics and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Shi He
- The Key Laboratory of Physical Electronics and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Laboratory of Infectious and Immune Diseases, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital (The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University), Xi'an 710068, China
| | - Qi Li
- The Key Laboratory of Physical Electronics and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Hong-Xing Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Physical Electronics and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, China
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Qi Y, Wang Y, Chen C, Zhao C, Ma Y, Yang W. Facile Surface Functionalization of Cyclic Olefin Copolymer Film with Anhydride Groups for Protein Microarray Fabrication. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:3203-3209. [PMID: 35025362 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Immobilization of protein at high efficiency is a challenge for fabricating polymer-based protein chips. Here, a simple but effective approach was developed to fabricate a cyclic olefin copolymer (COC)-based protein microarray with a high immobilization density. In this strategy, poly(maleic anhydride-co-vinyl acetate) (poly(MAH-co-VAc)) brushes were facilely attached on the COC surface via UV-induced graft copolymerization. The introduction of poly(MAH-co-VAc) brushes resulted in an obvious increase in the surface roughness of COC. The functionalized COC showed little reduction in transparency compared with pristine COC, indicating that the photografting treatment did not alter its optical property. The graft density of the anhydride groups on the modified COC could be tuned from 0.46 to 3.2 μmol/cm2. The immobilization efficiency of immunoglobulin G (IgG) on functionalized COC reached 88% due to the high reactivity between anhydride groups and amine groups of IgGs. An immunoassay experiment demonstrated that the microarray showed high sensitivity to the target analyte.
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Clinical Studies of Ci-5, Sol-gel Encapsulated Multiplex Antibody Microarray for Quantitative Fluorometric Detection of Simultaneous Five Different Tumor Antigens. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-019-3409-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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4
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Barbosa AI, Reis NM. A critical insight into the development pipeline of microfluidic immunoassay devices for the sensitive quantitation of protein biomarkers at the point of care. Analyst 2018; 142:858-882. [PMID: 28217778 DOI: 10.1039/c6an02445a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The latest clinical procedures for the timely and cost-effective diagnosis of chronic and acute clinical conditions, such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes or sepsis (i.e. the biggest causes of death worldwide), involve the quantitation of specific protein biomarkers released into the blood stream or other physiological fluids (e.g. urine or saliva). The clinical thresholds are usually in the femtomolar to picolomar range, and consequently the measurement of these protein biomarkers heavily relies on highly sophisticated, bulky and automated equipment in centralised pathology laboratories. The first microfluidic devices capable of measuring protein biomarkers in miniaturised immunoassays were presented nearly two decades ago and promised to revolutionise point-of-care (POC) testing by offering unmatched sensitivity and automation in a compact POC format; however, the development and adoption of microfluidic protein biomarker tests has fallen behind expectations. This review presents a detailed critical overview into the pipeline of microfluidic devices developed in the period 2005-2016 capable of measuring protein biomarkers from the pM to fM range in formats compatible with POC testing, with a particular focus on the use of affordable microfluidic materials and compact low-cost signal interrogation. The integration of these two important features (essential unique selling points for the successful microfluidic diagnostic products) has been missed in previous review articles and explain the poor adoption of microfluidic technologies in this field. Most current miniaturised devices compromise either on the affordability, compactness and/or performance of the test, making current tests unsuitable for the POC measurement of protein biomarkers. Seven core technical areas, including (i) the selected strategy for antibody immobilisation, (ii) the surface area and surface-area-to-volume ratio, (iii) surface passivation, (iv) the biological matrix interference, (v) fluid control, (vi) the signal detection modes and (vii) the affordability of the manufacturing process and detection system, were identified as the key to the effective development of a sensitive and affordable microfluidic protein biomarker POC test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Barbosa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Nuno M Reis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK and Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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5
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Lee S, Lee JH, Kwon HG, Laurell T, Jeong OC, Kim S. A Sol-gel Integrated Dual-readout Microarray Platform for Quantification and Identification of Prostate-specific Antigen. ANAL SCI 2018. [PMID: 29526899 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.34.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report a sol-gel integrated affinity microarray for on-chip matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) that enables capture and identification of prostate?specific antigen (PSA) in samples. An anti-PSA antibody (H117) was mixed with a sol?gel, and the mixture was spotted onto a porous silicon (pSi) surface without additional surface modifications. The antibody easily penetrates the sol-gel macropore fluidic network structure, making possible high affinities. To assess the capture affinity of the platform, we performed a direct assay using fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled PSA. Pure PSA was subjected to on-chip MALDI-TOF-MS analysis, yielding three clear mass peptide peaks (m/z = 1272, 1407, and 1872). The sol-gel microarray platform enables dual readout of PSA both fluorometric and MALDI-TOF MS analysis in biological samples. Here we report a useful method for a means for discovery of biomarkers in complex body fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- SangWook Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tokyo.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University
| | - Jong Hyun Lee
- Institute of Digital Anti-Aging Healthcare, Inje University
| | - Hyuck Gi Kwon
- Institute of Digital Anti-Aging Healthcare, Inje University
| | | | - Ok Chan Jeong
- Institute of Digital Anti-Aging Healthcare, Inje University.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Inje University
| | - Soyoun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Dongguk University
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Immunoreaction-based Microfluidic Diagnostic Device for the Detection of Prostate-Specific Antigen. BIOCHIP JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13206-017-2208-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Lee S, Hosokawa K, Kim S, Jeong OC, Lilja H, Laurell T, Maeda M. Porous silicon microarray for simultaneous fluorometric immunoassay of the biomarkers prostate-specific antigen and human glandular kallikrein 2. Mikrochim Acta 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-016-1986-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Horner IJ, Kraut ND, Richardson CA, Jean B, Rook AM, Bright FV. Contact Pin-Printing onto Porous Silicon for Creating Microarrays with High Chemical Diversity. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 70:1662-1675. [PMID: 27329832 DOI: 10.1177/0003702816647963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We explore the size and spatial microheterogeneity of contact pin-printed spots formed on porous silicon (pSi). Glycerol was contact printed at room temperature onto as-prepared, hydrogen-passivated pSi (ap-pSi) using 50 or 200 µm diameter solid pins. The pSi was then subjected to a strong oxidizing environment (gaseous O3) and washed to remove the glycerol masks. The glycerol-free regions were converted to oxidized pSi (ox-pSi); the glycerol-coated regions were protected from O3, but not entirely. The final array is described as circularly shaped "ap-pSi" regions on a field of ox-pSi. When comparing the areas outside and inside the glycerol-masked pSi spots, one finds dramatic differences in the Si-O-Si, SiHx (x = 1-3) and OySiHx (y, x = 1-3) levels with a spatially dependent continuum of compositions across the spot diameter. Experimental conditions could be adjusted to tune the final ap-pSi spot diameter and edge widths from 90 µm to 520 µm and 20 µm to 130 µm, respectively. The resulting ap-pSi spot diameter is explained by using molecular kinetic theory and time-dependent glycerol imbibement into the pSi within a one-dimensional Darcy's law model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J Horner
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Sciences Complex, SUNY-Buffalo, USA
| | | | | | - Bernandie Jean
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Mellon Hall of Sciences, Duquesne University, USA
| | - Alyssa M Rook
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Sciences Complex, SUNY-Buffalo, USA
| | - Frank V Bright
- Department of Chemistry, Natural Sciences Complex, SUNY-Buffalo, USA
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Wilson DH, Rissin DM, Kan CW, Fournier DR, Piech T, Campbell TG, Meyer RE, Fishburn MW, Cabrera C, Patel PP, Frew E, Chen Y, Chang L, Ferrell EP, von Einem V, McGuigan W, Reinhardt M, Sayer H, Vielsack C, Duffy DC. The Simoa HD-1 Analyzer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 21:533-47. [DOI: 10.1177/2211068215589580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Surface Modification Chemistries of Materials Used in Diagnostic Platforms with Biomolecules. J CHEM-NY 2016. [DOI: 10.1155/2016/9241378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomolecules including DNA, protein, and enzymes are of prime importance in biomedical field. There are several reports on the technologies for the detection of these biomolecules on various diagnostic platforms. It is important to note that the performance of the biosensor is highly dependent on the substrate material used and its meticulous modification for particular applications. Therefore, it is critical to understand the principles of a biosensor to identify the correct substrate material and its surface modification chemistry. The imperative surface modification for the attachment of biomolecules without losing their bioactivity is a key to sensitive detection. Therefore, finding of a modification method which gives minimum damage to the surface as well as biomolecule is highly inevitable. Different surface modification technologies are invented according to the type of a substrate used. Surface modification techniques of the materials used as platforms in the fabrication of biosensors are reviewed in this paper.
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Sonawane MD, Nimse SB, Song KS, Kim T. Detection, quantification, and profiling of PSA: current microarray technologies and future directions. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra20313a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The death rate of 13% among the men diagnosed with prostate cancer makes it a second leading cause of cancer death. This critical review evaluates DNA and protein microarray based methods for detection, quantification, and profiling of PSA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Satish Balasaheb Nimse
- Institute for Applied Chemistry and Department of Chemistry
- Hallym University
- Chuncheon
- Korea
| | | | - Taisun Kim
- Institute for Applied Chemistry and Department of Chemistry
- Hallym University
- Chuncheon
- Korea
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Nimse SB, Sonawane MD, Song KS, Kim T. Biomarker detection technologies and future directions. Analyst 2015; 141:740-55. [PMID: 26583164 DOI: 10.1039/c5an01790d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Biomarkers play a vital role in disease detection and treatment follow-up. It is important to note that diseases in the early stage are typically treated with the greatest probability of success. However, due to various technical difficulties in current technologies for the detection of biomarkers, the potential of biomarkers is not explored completely. Therefore, the developments of technologies, which can enable the accurate detection of prostate cancer at an early stage with simple, experimental protocols are highly inevitable. This critical review evaluates the current methods and technologies used in the detection of biomarkers. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive review covering the advantages and disadvantages of the biomarker detection methods. Future directions for the development of technologies to achieve highly selective and sensitive detection of biomarkers for point-of-care applications are also commented on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Balasaheb Nimse
- Institute for Applied Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Hallym University, Chuncheon, 200-702, Korea.
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3-D microarray and its microfabrication-free fluidic immunoassay device. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 889:187-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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A Highly Sensitive Porous Silicon (P-Si)-Based Human Kallikrein 2 (hK2) Immunoassay Platform toward Accurate Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer. SENSORS 2015; 15:11972-87. [PMID: 26007739 PMCID: PMC4481930 DOI: 10.3390/s150511972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Levels of total human kallikrein 2 (hK2), a protein involved the pathology of prostate cancer (PCa), could be used as a biomarker to aid in the diagnosis of this disease. In this study, we report on a porous silicon antibody immunoassay platform for the detection of serum levels of total hK2. The surface of porous silicon has a 3-dimensional macro- and nanoporous structure, which offers a large binding capacity for capturing probe molecules. The tailored pore size of the porous silicon also allows efficient immobilization of antibodies by surface adsorption, and does not require chemical immobilization. Monoclonal hK2 capture antibody (6B7) was dispensed onto P-Si chip using a piezoelectric dispenser. In total 13 × 13 arrays (169 spots) were spotted on the chip with its single spot volume of 300 pL. For an optimization of capture antibody condition, we firstly performed an immunoassay of the P-Si microarray under a titration series of hK2 in pure buffer (PBS) at three different antibody densities (75, 100 and 145 µg/mL). The best performance of the microarray platform was seen at 100 µg/mL of the capture antibody concentration (LOD was 100 fg/mL). The platform then was subsequently evaluated for a titration series of serum-spiked hK2 samples. The developed platform utilizes only 15 µL of serum per test and the total assay time is about 3 h, including immobilization of the capture antibody. The detection limit of the hK2 assay was 100 fg/mL in PBS buffer and 1 pg/mL in serum with a dynamic range of 106 (10−4 to 102 ng/mL).
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Simple and robust antibody microarray-based immunoassay platform for sensitive and selective detection of PSA and hK2 toward accurate diagnosis of prostate cancer. SENSING AND BIO-SENSING RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sbsr.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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McInnes SJP, Lowe RD. Biomedical Uses of Porous Silicon. ELECTROCHEMICALLY ENGINEERED NANOPOROUS MATERIALS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-20346-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Abel L, Kutschki S, Turewicz M, Eisenacher M, Stoutjesdijk J, Meyer HE, Woitalla D, May C. Autoimmune profiling with protein microarrays in clinical applications. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2014; 1844:977-87. [PMID: 24607371 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2014.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, knowledge about immune-related disorders has substantially increased, especially in the field of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Recent innovations in protein-related microarray technology have enabled the analysis of interactions between numerous samples and up to 20,000 targets. Antibodies directed against ion channels, receptors and other synaptic proteins have been identified, and their causative roles in different disorders have been identified. Knowledge about immunological disorders is likely to expand further as more antibody targets are discovered. Therefore, protein microarrays may become an established tool for routine diagnostic procedures in the future. The identification of relevant target proteins requires the development of new strategies to handle and process vast quantities of data so that these data can be evaluated and correlated with relevant clinical issues, such as disease progression, clinical manifestations and prognostic factors. This review will mainly focus on new protein array technologies, which allow the processing of a large number of samples, and their various applications with a deeper insight into their potential use as diagnostic tools in neurodegenerative diseases and other diseases. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Biomarkers: A Proteomic Challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Abel
- Department of Medical Proteomics/Bioanalytics, Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Simone Kutschki
- Department of Medical Proteomics/Bioanalytics, Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Michael Turewicz
- Department of Medical Proteomics/Bioanalytics, Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Martin Eisenacher
- Department of Medical Proteomics/Bioanalytics, Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Jale Stoutjesdijk
- Department of Medical Proteomics/Bioanalytics, Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Helmut E Meyer
- Department of Medical Proteomics/Bioanalytics, Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany; Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften - ISAS - e.V., Dortmund, Germany
| | - Dirk Woitalla
- S. Josef Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany; St. Josef-Krankenhaus Kupferdreh, Heidbergweg 22-24, 45257 Essen, Germany
| | - Caroline May
- Department of Medical Proteomics/Bioanalytics, Medizinisches Proteom-Center, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, 44801 Bochum, Germany.
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A porous silicon immunoassay platform for fluorometric determination of α-synuclein in human cerebrospinal fluid. Mikrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-014-1180-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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