1
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Deep eutectic solvents-modified advanced functional materials for pollutant detection in food and the environment. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.116923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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2
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Fresco-Cala B, Cárdenas S. Advanced polymeric solids containing nano- and micro-particles prepared via emulsion-based polymerization approaches. A review. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1208:339669. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.339669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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3
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Hamidi S. Recent Advances in Solid-Phase Extraction as a Platform for Sample Preparation in Biomarker Assay. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2022; 53:199-210. [PMID: 35192409 DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2021.1947771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Low levels of biomarkers and the complexity of bio sample make the analytical assay of several biomarkers a challenging issue. Suitable sample preparation run remain a vital part of the puzzle of diagnostic level. Enhancing the detection limit of bioanalytical methods start during the sample preparation procedure. A robust sample preparation method is needed to evaluate the number of biomarkers. As worldwide environmental issues attract expanding consideration, all the more harmless to the ecosystem investigations are liked. Solid-phase extraction (SPE) is an appealing strategy among the sample treatment methods due to the versatility of sorbent materials, less solvent consumption, and compatibility with analytical devices. Miniaturization of the SPE gives the chance to integrate the other analytical steps in a single run, known as an easy-to-use and effective method. SPE utilizes various SPE sorbent beds such as packed beads, porous polymer monoliths, molecularly imprinted polymers, membranes, or other magnetic form microstructures to achieve high surface-to-volume ratio and appropriate chemical properties effective extraction. Also, SPE is the methodology of interest to fulfill high recovery and efficiency demands. In this review, we intend to explain more recent methods for the rational design of SPE and miniaturized SPE to determine biomarkers from biological media. The headlines are subdivided into (1) packing materials in SPE, (2) setups for sample preparation by magnetic SPE, and (3) and future perspective for the application of SPE in sample preparation for analysis of biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samin Hamidi
- Food and Drug Safety Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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4
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Efficient trap of polar aromatic amines in environmental waters by electroenhanced solid phase microextraction based on porous monolith doped with carboxylic carbon nanotubes. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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5
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Alhendal A, Almoaeen RA, Rashad M, Husain A, Mouffouk F, Ahmad Z. Aramid-wrapped CNT hybrid sol–gel sorbent for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. RSC Adv 2022; 12:18077-18083. [PMID: 35800310 PMCID: PMC9207600 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra02659g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This work describes the preparation of an analytical microextraction sorbent using a simple and versatile sol–gel hybrid composite, i.e., aramid oligomers wrapping multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) covalently bonded to a porous silica network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Alhendal
- Department of Chemistry, Kuwait University, P. O. Box 5969, Safat, 13060, Kuwait
| | - Randa Abd Almoaeen
- Department of Chemistry, Kuwait University, P. O. Box 5969, Safat, 13060, Kuwait
| | - Mohamed Rashad
- Department of Chemistry, Kuwait University, P. O. Box 5969, Safat, 13060, Kuwait
| | - Ali Husain
- Department of Chemistry, Kuwait University, P. O. Box 5969, Safat, 13060, Kuwait
| | - Fouzi Mouffouk
- Department of Chemistry, Kuwait University, P. O. Box 5969, Safat, 13060, Kuwait
| | - Zahoor Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, Kuwait University, P. O. Box 5969, Safat, 13060, Kuwait
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6
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Sheibani E, Hosseini A, Sobhani Nasab A, Adib K, Ganjali MR, Pourmortazavi SM, Ahmadi F, Marzi Khosrowshahi E, Mirsadeghi S, Rahimi-Nasrabadi M, Ehrlich H. Application of polysaccharide biopolymers as natural adsorbent in sample preparation. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:2626-2653. [PMID: 34554043 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1978385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Preparing samples for analyses is perhaps the most important part to analyses. The varied functional groups present on the surface of biopolymers bestow them appropriate adsorption properties. Properties like biocompatibility, biodegradability, presence of different surface functional group, high porosity, considerable absorption capacity for water, the potential for modification, etc. turn biopolymers to promising candidates for varied applications. In addition, one of the most important parts of determination of an analyte in a matrix is sample preparation step and the efficiency of this step in solid phase extraction methods is largely dependent on the type of adsorbent used. Due to the unique properties of biopolymers they are considered an appropriate choice for using as sorbent in sample preparation methods that use from a solid adsorbent. Many review articles have been published on the application of diverse adsorbents in sample preparation methods, however despite the numerous advantages of biopolymers mentioned; review articles in this field are very few. Thus, in this paper we review the reports in different areas of sample preparation that use polysaccharides-based biopolymers as sorbents for extraction and determination of diverse organic and inorganic analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Asieh Hosseini
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Sobhani Nasab
- Autoimmune Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Core Research Lab, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Kourosh Adib
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Ganjali
- Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, School of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Farhad Ahmadi
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy-International Campus, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran Iran
| | | | - Somayeh Mirsadeghi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Rahimi-Nasrabadi
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Institute of Electronic and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Hermann Ehrlich
- Institute of Electronic and Sensor Materials, TU Bergakademie, Freiberg, Germany.,Centre for Climate Change Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,A.R. Environmental Solutions, ICUBE-University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.,Center for Advanced Technology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
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7
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Chen J, Liu F, Li Z, Tan L, Zhang M, Xu D. Solid phase extraction based microfluidic chip coupled with mass spectrometry for rapid determination of aflatoxins in peanut oil. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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8
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Cristiani C, Iannicelli-Zubiani EM, Bellotto M, Dotelli G, Stampino PG, Latorrata S, Ramis G, Finocchio E. Capture Mechanism of La and Cu Ions in Mixed Solutions by Clay and Organoclay. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c05333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Cristiani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Maria Iannicelli-Zubiani
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bellotto
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Giovanni Dotelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Paola Gallo Stampino
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Saverio Latorrata
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo Da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Gianguido Ramis
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica e Ambientale, Università di Genova, Via all’Opera Pia 15, 16145 Genova, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Finocchio
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile, Chimica e Ambientale, Università di Genova, Via all’Opera Pia 15, 16145 Genova, Italy
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9
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Mompó-Roselló Ó, Vergara-Barberán M, Lerma-García MJ, Simó-Alfonso EF, Herrero-Martínez JM. Boronate affinity sorbents based on thiol-functionalized polysiloxane-polymethacrylate composite materials in syringe format for selective extraction of glycopeptides. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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10
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Torres-Cartas S, Meseguer-Lloret S, Gómez-Benito C, Catalá-Icardo M, Simó-Alfonso EF, Herrero-Martínez JM. Preparation of monolithic polymer-magnetite nanoparticle composites into poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) tubes for uses in micro-bore HPLC separation and extraction of phosphorylated compounds. Talanta 2021; 224:121806. [PMID: 33379032 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the fabrication of a novel microbore monolithic column modified with magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) prepared in a poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) (EFTE) tubing, and its application as stationary phase for the chromatographic separation of phosphorylated compounds. In order to obtain the composite column, a two-step procedure was performed. The formation of a glycidyl methacrylate-based monolith inside the activated ETFE tube was firstly carried out. Then, two incorporation approaches of MNPs in monoliths were investigated. The generic polymer was modified with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) to be subsequently attached to MNP surfaces. Alternatively, APTMS-coated MNPs were firstly prepared and subsequently used for attachment onto the monolith surface through reaction of epoxy groups present in the generic monolith. This last strategy gave a reproducible layer of MNPs coated onto the polymer monolith as well as robust and permeable chromatographic columns. The retention behaviour of this MNP-based composite monolithic column was studied by using small phosphorylated compounds (adenosine phosphates). It was found that the retention of model analytes was ruled by partitioning and adsorption HILIC mechanisms. The columns also exhibited satisfactory performance in the separation of these target compounds, showing good chromatographic behaviour after two months of continued use. These composite monolithic columns were also successfully applied to the extraction of a tryptic digest of β-casein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagrario Torres-Cartas
- Institut D'Investigació per a La Gestió Integrada de Zones Costaneres, Campus de Gandia, Universitat Politècnica de València, C/ Paranimf 1, 46730, Grao de Gandia, València, Spain.
| | - Susana Meseguer-Lloret
- Institut D'Investigació per a La Gestió Integrada de Zones Costaneres, Campus de Gandia, Universitat Politècnica de València, C/ Paranimf 1, 46730, Grao de Gandia, València, Spain
| | - Carmen Gómez-Benito
- Institut D'Investigació per a La Gestió Integrada de Zones Costaneres, Campus de Gandia, Universitat Politècnica de València, C/ Paranimf 1, 46730, Grao de Gandia, València, Spain
| | - Mónica Catalá-Icardo
- Institut D'Investigació per a La Gestió Integrada de Zones Costaneres, Campus de Gandia, Universitat Politècnica de València, C/ Paranimf 1, 46730, Grao de Gandia, València, Spain
| | - Ernesto F Simó-Alfonso
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
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11
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LI Z, LI N, ZHAO T, ZHANG Z, WANG M. [Fabrication of nanomaterials incorporated polymeric monoliths and application in sample pretreatment]. Se Pu 2021; 39:229-240. [PMID: 34227305 PMCID: PMC9403804 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1123.2020.05030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymeric monolithic columns are fabricated by in situ polymerization of the corresponding monomer, crosslinkers, porogenic solvents and radical initiators within a mold. Compared with the conventional packed solid phase extraction adsorbents, polymeric monolithic columns with a continuous porous structure process distinctive advantages of rapid mass transfer and excellent permeability, which facilitates the extraction of trace amounts of the target from the matrix even at high flow velocities. Besides, these materials can be easily fabricated in situ within various cartridges, avoiding a further packing step associated with packed particulate adsorbents. Additionally, the abundant monomer availability, flexible porous structure, and wide applicable pH range make monoliths versatile for use in separation science. Thus, polymeric monolithic columns have been increasingly applied as efficient and promising extraction media for sample pretreatment food, pharmaceutical, biological and environmental analyses. However, these materials usually have the difficulty in morphology control and their interconnected porous micro-globular structure, which may result in low porosity, limited specific surface area and poor efficiency. In addition, polymeric monoliths suffer from the swelling in organic solvents, thus decreasing the service life and precision while increasing the cost consumption. Recently, the development of nanomaterial-incorporated polymeric monoliths with an improved ordered structure, enhanced adsorption efficiency and outstanding selectivity has attracted considerable attention. Nanoparticles are considered as particulates within the size range of 1-100 nm in at least one dimension, which endows them with unique optical, electrical and magnetic properties. These materials have a large surface area, excellent thermal and chemical stabilities, remarkable versatility, as well as a wide variety of active functional groups on their surface. With the aim of exploiting these advantages, researchers have shown great interest in applying nanomaterial-incorporated polymeric monoliths to separation science. Accordingly, significant progress has been achieved in this field. Nanomaterials can be entrapped via the direct synthesis of a polymerization solution that contains well dispersed nanomaterials in porogens. In addition, nanoparticles can be incorporated into the monolithic matrix by copolymerization and post-polymerization modification via specific interactions. Therefore, nanomaterial-incorporated polymeric monoliths combined the different shapes, chemical properties, and physical properties of the polymers with those of the nanoparticles. The presence of nanoparticles can improve the structural rigidity as well as the thermal and chemical stabilities of monolithic adsorbents. Besides, nanoparticles are capable of increasing the specific surface area and providing multiple active sites, which leads to enhanced extraction performance and selectivity of polymeric monolithic materials. In recent years, diverse types of nanomaterials, such as carbonaceous nanoparticles, metallic materials and metal oxides, metal-organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks and inorganic nanoparticles have been extensively explored as hybrid adsorbents in the modes of solid phase extraction, solid phase microextraction, stir bar sorption extraction and on-line solid phase extraction. This review specifically summarizes the fabrication methods for nanomaterial incorporated polymeric monoliths and their application to the field of sample pretreatment. The existing challenges and future possible perspectives in the field are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziling LI
- 华北理工大学公共卫生学院, 河北 唐山 063210
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Na LI
- 华北理工大学公共卫生学院, 河北 唐山 063210
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Tengwen ZHAO
- 华北理工大学公共卫生学院, 河北 唐山 063210
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Ziyang ZHANG
- 华北理工大学公共卫生学院, 河北 唐山 063210
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
| | - Manman WANG
- 华北理工大学公共卫生学院, 河北 唐山 063210
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
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12
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Kataoka H. In-tube solid-phase microextraction: Current trends and future perspectives. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1636:461787. [PMID: 33359971 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
In-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME) was developed about 24 years ago as an effective sample preparation technique using an open tubular capillary column as an extraction device. IT-SPME is useful for micro-concentration, automated sample cleanup, and rapid online analysis, and can be used to determine the analytes in complex matrices simple sample processing methods such as direct sample injection or filtration. IT-SPME is usually performed in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography using an online column switching technology, in which the entire process from sample preparation to separation to data analysis is automated using the autosampler. Furthermore, IT-SPME minimizes the use of harmful organic solvents and is simple and labor-saving, making it a sustainable and environmentally friendly green analytical technique. Various operating systems and new sorbent materials have been developed to improve its extraction efficiency by, for example, enhancing its sorption capacity and selectivity. In addition, IT-SPME methods have been widely applied in environmental analysis, food analysis and bioanalysis. This review describes the present state of IT-SPME technology and summarizes its current trends and future perspectives, including method development and strategies to improve extraction efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Kataoka
- School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, Nishigawara, Okayama 703-8516, Japan.
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13
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Trujillo-Rodríguez MJ, Pacheco-Fernández I, Taima-Mancera I, Díaz JHA, Pino V. Evolution and current advances in sorbent-based microextraction configurations. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1634:461670. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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14
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Qi FF, Ma TY, Fan YM, Chu LL, Liu Y, Yu Y. Nanoparticle-based polyacrylonitrile monolithic column for highly efficient micro solid-phase extraction of carotenoids and vitamins in human serum. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1635:461755. [PMID: 33278673 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a biocompatible monolithic column based micro-solid-phase extraction (µ-SPE) method was developed for biological fluid analysis. A novel nanoparticle-based polyacrylonitrile monolithic column (C30 NP-PMC) was fabricated by incorporating triacontyl (C30) modified silica nanoparticles (NPs) into the polyacrylonitrile monolithic matrix through thermally induced phase separation. With efficient mass transfer and sorption capacity, C30 NP-PMC exhibited outstanding performance for the extraction of carotenoids and fat-soluble vitamins (FSVs) from human serum samples, superior to commercial C18 cartridges as well as liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) method. Under optimal conditions, the proposed µ-SPE method coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) achieved satisfactory limits of detection (LODs) (1.5-75.0 ng/mL) and good recoveries (85.0-106.5 %) with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of less than 12.1% by consuming lower sorbent (35.0 mg) and organic solvent (0.8 mL). Successful application of the developed method demonstrated the great potential of such monolithic sorbents for efficient isolation and preconcentration of trace analytes from blood samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei Qi
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Tian-You Ma
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Meng Fan
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710061, P.R. China
| | - Lan-Ling Chu
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, P.R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710061, P.R. China; Sichuan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yan Yu
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shanxi, 710061, P.R. China.
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15
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Fresco-Cala B, Gálvez-Vergara A, Cárdenas S. Preparation, characterization and evaluation of hydrophilic polymers containing magnetic nanoparticles and amine-modified carbon nanotubes for the determination of anti-inflammatory drugs in urine samples. Talanta 2020; 218:121124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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16
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A micro-solid phase extraction device to prepare a molecularly imprinted porous monolith in a facile mode for fast protein separation. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1627:461415. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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17
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Rapid simultaneous adsorption and SERS detection of acid orange II using versatile gold nanoparticles decorated NH 2-MIL-101(Cr). Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1129:126-135. [PMID: 32891382 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Acid orange II (AO II), a typical azo pigment, is strictly controlled by legislation and prohibited in foodstuffs. Herein, we prepared gold nanoparticles decorated amino-functionalized Cr-based metal-organic frameworks [NH2-MIL-101(Cr)@Au] via an in-situ reduction method as a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate for simultaneous adsorption and detection of AO II. Gold nanoparticles are uniformly dispersed on the surface of NH2-MIL-101(Cr) owing to its three-dimensional (3D) structure and the interaction between -NH2 and Au ions, providing more SERS-active "hot spots". These NH2-MIL-101(Cr)@Au nanocomposites exhibited selective and high adsorption performance (419.85 mg g-1) for AO II, and could be used as superior SERS substrates for the detection of AO II with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.05 mg L-1 and wide detection range of 0.05-50 mg L-1 using portable Raman spectrometer. Furthermore, this SERS assay has been successfully used to determine AO II in orange juice and chili powder with good sensitivities.
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18
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Mompó-Roselló O, Ribera-Castelló A, Simó-Alfonso EF, Ruiz-Angel MJ, García-Alvarez-Coque MC, Herrero-Martínez JM. Extraction of β-blockers from urine with a polymeric monolith modified with 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride in spin column format. Talanta 2020; 214:120860. [PMID: 32278420 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.120860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A glycidyl methacrylate-based monolith was modified with imidazolium-based ionic liquid (IL) to be used as stationary phase for solid-phase extraction (SPE). The host monolithic support was prepared by in-situ UV polymerization in spin column format. Two approaches were developed to incorporate the IL into the polymeric monolithic matrix: generation of IL onto the surface monolith, and copolymerization by addition of the IL to the polymerization mixture, which gave the best results. The resulting sorbent materials were morphologically characterized and used for the isolation of five β-blockers from human urine samples. All SPE steps were accomplished by centrifugation, which reduces significantly costs and time in sample treatment. Under optimal conditions, β-blockers were quantitatively retained in the modified monolith at pH 12, and desorbed with a water-methanol mixture, to be subsequently determined via HPLC with UV detection. The limits of detection ranged between 1.4 and 40 μg L-1, and the reproducibility among extraction units (expressed as relative standard deviation) was below 8.2%. The novel phase was successfully applied to the extraction of propranolol in urine samples with recoveries above 90%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Mompó-Roselló
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ana Ribera-Castelló
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ernesto F Simó-Alfonso
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - María José Ruiz-Angel
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - María Celia García-Alvarez-Coque
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain
| | - José Manuel Herrero-Martínez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain.
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Carrasco-Correa EJ, Cocovi-Solberg DJ, Herrero-Martínez JM, Simó-Alfonso EF, Miró M. 3D printed fluidic platform with in-situ covalently immobilized polymer monolithic column for automatic solid-phase extraction. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1111:40-48. [PMID: 32312395 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In this work, 3D stereolithographic printing is proposed for the first time for the fabrication of fluidic devices aimed at in-situ covalent immobilization of polymer monolithic columns. Integration in advanced flow injection systems capitalized upon programmable flow was realized for fully automatic solid-phase extraction (SPE) and clean-up procedures as a 'front-end' to on-line liquid chromatography. The as-fabricated 3D-printed extraction column devices were designed to tolerate the pressure drop of forward-flow fluidic systems when handling large sample volumes as demonstrated by the determination of anti-microbial agents, plastic additives and monomers as models of emerging contaminants (4-hydroxybenzoic acid, methylparaben, phenylparaben, bisphenol A and triclosan). Decoration of the monolithic phase with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was proven most appropriate for the enrichment of phenolic-type target compounds. In particular, the absolute recoveries for the tested analytes ranged from 73 to 92% both in water and saliva samples. The 3D printed composite monolith showed remarkable analytical features in terms of loading capacity (2 mg g-1), breakthrough volume (10 mL), satisfactory batch-to-batch reproducibility (<9% RSD), and easy on-line coupling of the SPE device to HPLC systems. The fully automatic 3D-printed SPE-HPLC hyphenated system was also exploited for the on-line extraction, matrix clean-up and determination of triclosan in 200 μL of real saliva samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Javier Carrasco-Correa
- University of Valencia, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, C/Doctor Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot Valencia, Spain.
| | - David J Cocovi-Solberg
- FI-TRACE Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa, Km 7.5, E 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU), Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - José Manuel Herrero-Martínez
- University of Valencia, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, C/Doctor Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot Valencia, Spain
| | - Ernesto Francisco Simó-Alfonso
- University of Valencia, Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Valencia, C/Doctor Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Miró
- FI-TRACE Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Balearic Islands, Carretera de Valldemossa, Km 7.5, E 07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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20
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Ma S, Li Y, Ma C, Wang Y, Ou J, Ye M. Challenges and Advances in the Fabrication of Monolithic Bioseparation Materials and their Applications in Proteomics Research. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1902023. [PMID: 31502719 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201902023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High-performance liquid chromatography integrated with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) has become a powerful technique for proteomics research. Its performance heavily depends on the separation efficiency of HPLC, which in turn depends on the chromatographic material. As the "heart" of the HPLC system, the chromatographic material is required to achieve excellent column efficiency and fast analysis. Monolithic materials, fabricated as continuous supports with interconnected skeletal structure and flow-through pores, are regarded as an alternative to particle-packed columns. Such materials are featured with easy preparation, fast mass transfer, high porosity, low back pressure, and miniaturization, and are next-generation separation materials for high-throughput proteins and peptides analysis. Herein, the recent progress regarding the fabrication of various monolithic materials is reviewed. Special emphasis is placed on studies of the fabrication of monolithic capillary columns and their applications in separation of biomolecules by capillary liquid chromatography (cLC). The applications of monolithic materials in the digestion, enrichment, and separation of phosphopeptides and glycopeptides from biological samples are also considered. Finally, advances in comprehensive 2D HPLC separations using monolithic columns are also shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Ya Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Chen Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Yan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Junjie Ou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Mingliang Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Dalian, 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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21
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Current trends in affinity-based monoliths in microextraction approaches: A review. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1084:1-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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22
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Alzahrani E. Green Silver Nanoparticles Confined in Monolithic Silica Disk-packed Spin Column for Human Serum Albumin Preconcentration. CURR ANAL CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/2210676609666181204151244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
In recent times many new uses have been found for nanomaterials that have
undergone homogenous immobilization within porous supports. For this paper, immobilization of
SNPs on a thiol-functionalized silica monolith using a fast, easy, environmentally friendly and costeffective
process was performed. This was achieved by modifying the surface of a silica-based
monolith using thiol groups, and then we fabricated green SNPs in situ, reducing an inorganic precursor
silver nitrate solution (AgNO3) by employing tangerine peel extract as a reducing reagent,
with Ag-thiol bonds forming along the monument. Doing this allows monoliths to be prepared in
such a way that, as TEM analysis demonstrated, SNPs are evenly distributed along the rod's length.
Once the materials had been fabricated, they were employed as a sorbent by being placed in a centrifuge.
The SNP-thiol functionalized silica monolith was then tested using a standard protein (HSA).
Methods:
The process involves creating monolithic materials by employing a two-part sol-gel technique
before modifying the surface of the silica-based monolith using thiol groups for hosting purposes.
Homogenous surface coverage was achieved through the use of a non-toxic "green" reducing
reagent (tangerine peel extract) to reduce a silver nitrate solution in place to create SNPs joined to the
pore surface of a thiol-functionalized silica monolith, employing bonds of Ag-thiol. Once these materials
were synthesized, they were classified by utilizing a number of methods based on SEM coupled
with EDAX, TEM, AFM and BET analysis. The silica-based monolith, embedded with constructed
SNPs, was employed as a sorbent in the preconcentration of human serum albumin (HSA).
Results:
The performance of the fabricated materials was measured against a silica-based monolith
with no SNPs. Also, a silica monolith with constructed SNPs embedded was employed to capture
HSA within a sample of human urine mixed with a double detergent concentrate (SDS). Such a
monolith containing functionalized SNPs can be a highly effective sorbent for preconcentration of
proteins in complex samples.
Conclusion:
It was shown to have superior performance compared to a bare silica-based monolith.
Additionally, it was shown that a monolithic column modified by SNPs could preconcentrate spiked
HSA in urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Alzahrani
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Li ZL, Li N, Du L, Wang YH, Fang B, Wang MM, Wang Q. Determination of trace hydroxyl polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urine using graphene oxide incorporated monolith solid-phase extraction coupled with LC-MS/MS. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:3234-3242. [PMID: 31402580 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The biomonitoring of hydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urine, as a direct way to access multiple exposures to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, has raised great concerns due to their increasing hazardous health effects on humans. Solid-phase extraction is an effective and useful technique to preconcentrate trace analytes from biological samples. Here, we report a novel solid-phase extraction method using a graphene oxide incorporated monolithic syringe for the determination of six hydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urine coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The effect of graphene oxide amount, washing solvent, eluting solvent, and its volume on the extraction performance were investigated. The fabricated monoliths gave higher adsorption efficiency and capacity than the neat polymer monolith and commercial C18 sorbent. Under the optimum conditions, the developed method provided the detection limits (S/N = 3) of 0.02-0.1 ng/mL and the linear ranges of 0.1-1500 ng/mL for six analytes in urine sample. The recoveries at three spiked levels ranged from 77.5 to 97.1%. Besides, the intra column-to-column (n = 3) and inter batch-to-batch (n = 3) precisions were ≤ 9.8%. The developed method was successfully applied for the determination of hydroxy polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urine samples of coke oven workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Ling Li
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, P. R. China
| | - Na Li
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, P. R. China
| | - Li Du
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, P. R. China
| | - Ya-Hui Wang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, P. R. China
| | - Bo Fang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, P. R. China
| | - Man-Man Wang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, P. R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, P. R. China
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Maciel EVS, de Toffoli AL, Neto ES, Nazario CED, Lanças FM. New materials in sample preparation: Recent advances and future trends. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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25
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Use of thiol functionalities for the preparation of porous monolithic structures and modulation of their surface chemistry: A review. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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26
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27
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Synthesis, characterization, and application of chemically interconnected carbon nanotube monolithic sorbents by photopolymerization in polypropylene caps. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 411:3291-3299. [PMID: 30957204 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-01795-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A facile and convenient approach for the preparation of interconnected multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) monolithic sorbents in recycled plastic caps has been developed. The method, which was based on the photopolymerization of the individual MWCNTs via the formation of a W/O medium internal phase emulsion (40/60 w/w%), provides control over the size of pores, rigidity, and the mechanical stability of the final solid. Pluronic L121 was used as a surfactant containing the water phase inside it and, consequently, the organic and non-polar phase, in which the MWCNTs and the cross-linker were trapped, remained on the outside of the droplets. Optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to characterize the morphology of both the emulsions and the final solids, respectively. In addition, nitrogen intrusion porosimetry was performed in order to study how the specific surface area of the final monolithic solid changed (from 19.6 to 372.2 m2 g-1) with the variables involved in the polymerization step. To exemplify the great sorbent potential of the synthesized material, a colorimetric assay based on the retention of methylene blue within the interconnected MWCNT monolithic structure was carried out. Finally, following the positive results, the carbon nanotube-monolithic stirred caps were applied for the determination of chlorophenols in a biological matrix such as human urine, obtaining excellent recovery values (91-98%) and good precision (5.4-9.1%) under optimized extraction conditions. Graphical abstract.
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28
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Ma S, Wang Y, Zhang H, Li Y, Ou J, Wei Y, Ye M. One-step fabrication of cinchona-based hybrid monolithic chiral stationary phases via photo-initiated thiol-ene polymerization for cLC enantioseparation. Talanta 2019; 198:432-439. [PMID: 30876583 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although various click polymerization reactions (thiol-ene, thiol-yne, thiol-Michael, thiol-epoxy and amine-epoxy) have been utilized to prepare either hybrid or organic monolithic columns with homogeneous network structures, there were few reports on fabrication of monolithic CSPs via click polymerization. Herein, a fast and robust approach was explored to fabricate cinchona-based monolithic hybrid CSPs via photo-initiated thiol-ene polymerization within 10 min in one step. A self-synthesized octakis(3-mercaptopropyl) octasilsesquioxane (POSS-SH) was polymerized with phenylisocyanate cinchonidine (PCD) and (+)-N,N'-diallyl-L-tartardiamide (DATDA) or 1,2,4-trivinylcyclohexane (TVCH). The resulting two kinds of as-synthesized monolithic CSPs, poly(POSS-co-DATDA-co-PCD) and poly(POSS-co-TVCH-co-PCD), were evaluated for cLC enantioseparation of acidic racemates. It was found that they exhibited different enantioseparation ability due to using different multivinyl crosslinkers. The influence of ACN content in mobile phase on the enantioseparation of acidic racemates was investigated. The separation mechanism was also discussed on the basis of a comparison of enantioseparation on two kinds of hybrid monolithic CSPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Ma
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Yan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Haiyang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Ya Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China; Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Junjie Ou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China.
| | - Yinmao Wei
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Function Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
| | - Mingliang Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian 116023, China
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Fresco-Cala B, Cárdenas S. Preparation of macroscopic carbon nanohorn-based monoliths in polypropylene tips by medium internal phase emulsion for the determination of parabens in urine samples. Talanta 2019; 198:295-301. [PMID: 30876563 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
A porous monolithic solid based on single-walled carbon nanohorns dahlia-like structure, produced from a medium internal phase emulsion (MIPE), was prepared in a polypropylene tip using UV energy. Thus, single-walled carbon nanohorns (SWNHs) were added to the organic phase where they polymerized in the presence of a radical initiator. A cross-linker (ethylene dimethacrylate, EDMA) was also used in order to obtain a more robust structure. On the other hand, aqueous phase was the responsible for generating the pores in the final solid being inside the droplets generated by the surfactant (Pluronic L121) used to stabilize the polymerization emulsion. Variables related to the formation of the monolithic phase including the stability and composition of emulsion mixture, size of pores, solvent flow resistance and robustness, were studied in detail. In addition, the potential of the SWNH-monolith as extractant phase was evaluated using parabens as target analytes. The LODs ranged from 1 to 7 μg L-1, while the linear range was extended up to 5000 μg L-1. The reproducibility of the extraction procedure with different batches of emulsions was acceptable with RSD values < 16% and one prepared SWNH-tip can be used for more than 100 times without apparent extraction losses. The microextraction unit yielded an enrichment factor of 20 for all analytes (extraction efficiency of 100%), with recovery values between 80% and 116% in human urine samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Fresco-Cala
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Soledad Cárdenas
- Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Química Fina y Nanoquímica IUNAN, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Marie Curie, E-14071 Córdoba, Spain.
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30
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Improving affinity of boronate capillary monolithic column for microextraction of glycoproteins with hydrophilic macromonomer. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1581-1582:8-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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