1
|
Shunmugam M, Friesen S, Kipfer S, Klonowski A, Hehar HK, Lei LY, Yong-Hing CJ, Khosa F. Gender distribution of North American professional radiology society award recipients. Clin Imaging 2024; 108:110096. [PMID: 38306933 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2024.110096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Women remain underrepresented in radiology and there is a paucity of literature examining the recognition of their professional contributions to the discipline. The purpose of this study was to examine the gender distribution of award winners across all North American radiology societies. METHODS The gender distribution of 1923 award recipients from 21 North American radiology societies between 1960 and 2021 was examined. Awards were divided into four categories: leadership, teaching, contribution to radiology, and promising new/young societal member. Primary outcome was the total proportion of awards received by gender. All data was compared to the gender distribution of working radiologists in North America. RESULTS A total of 1923 award recipients were identified between 1960 and 2021. Seventy-nine percent of award recipients were men (n = 1527) and 21 % were women (n = 396). As of 1970, the proportion of women award recipients increased 0.55 % ± 0.07 % each year. The proportion of women receiving radiological awards after 2018 is equal to or surpassing the percentage of women radiologists. Women received 36.4 % of leadership, 33.6 % of promising new member, 30.1 % of teaching, and 14.4 % of lifetime contribution awards. CONCLUSIONS In the last five years, the proportion of women receiving awards was equal to or greater than the proportion of women radiologists. Women received more leadership awards and fewer lifetime contributor awards compared to men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Seth Friesen
- Max Rady College of Medicine, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Sharon Kipfer
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Harleen K Hehar
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lucy Y Lei
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Charlotte J Yong-Hing
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Diagnostic Imaging, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Faisal Khosa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shawn Yuan PH, Yan TD, Sharma S, Chahley E, MacLean LJ, Freitas V, Yong-Hing CJ. Authorship gender among articles about artificial intelligence in breast imaging. Eur J Radiol 2024; 175:111428. [PMID: 38492508 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2024.111428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to investigate the variance of women authors, specifically first and senior authorship among peer-reviewed artificial intelligence-related articles with a specific focus in breast imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS A strategic search was conducted in July 2022 according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to capture all existing and publicly available peer-reviewed articles intersecting AI and breast imaging. Primary outcomes were first and senior authors' gender, which were assigned with the aid of an emailed self-declaration survey. Secondary outcomes included country of article, journal impact factor, and year of publication. Comparisons were made using logistic regression models and analysis of variances. RESULTS 115 studies were included in the analysis. Women authors represented 35.7% (41/115) and 37.4% (43/115) of first and senior authors, respectively. Logistic regression modelling showed a significant increase in women senior authors over time but no changes in women first authors. Impact factor was not associated with female authorship and certain countries had women authorship reach over 50%. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that there is a significant authorship gender gap in artificial intelligence breast imaging research. An increasing temporal trend of senior authors in breast imaging AI-related research is a promising prognosis for more women voices in this field. Further study needs to be done to understand the reasons behind this gap and any potential implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Po Hsiang Shawn Yuan
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tyler D Yan
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sonali Sharma
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Erin Chahley
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Luke J MacLean
- Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Vivianne Freitas
- Department of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Charlotte J Yong-Hing
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Diagnostic Imaging, BC Cancer, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Cayón Somacarrera S, Alonso Rodríguez C, Del Campo Del Val L, Oleaga Zufiría L, Rodríguez Carnero P. Women in Radiology: A perspective from Spain. RADIOLOGIA 2024; 66:121-131. [PMID: 38614529 DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There are gender inequalities in all fields, including radiology. Although the situation is improving, the presence of radiologists in leadership positions continues to be a minority. The objective of this article is to analyse the situation of women in the spanish radiology, comparing it with Europe and the United States. MATERIALS AND METHODS We selected the years 2000-2022 as reference period to make a comparison with feminization data throughout history. In addition, relevant specific data from the just begun 2023 were also included. The variables in which we investigated feminization were the following: medical students, medical graduates, radiology residents and specialists, section chiefs, department chairs, radiology residency programme directors, radiology university professors, presidents of the main radiological entities and societies in Spain, Europe and the United States, recipients of the main awards given by these radiological societies and chief editors of their journals. In order to perform this analysis we conducted an in-depth bibliographic research, we contacted the radiological societies of Spain, Europe and the USA and we carried out a survey in the main Spanish radiology departments. RESULTS The female presence in radiology decreases as we rise to leadership positions, a situation that is patent in Spain, Europe and the US, comparison that will be analysed in depth throughout the article. In Spanish hospitals in 2021 there were 58.1% female radiology residents, 55% female radiologists, 42.9% female section chiefs and 24.4% female department chairs. In SERAM's history there have been 10% female presidents, 22% female gold medallists and 5% female editors-in-chief. If we analyse data from 2000 to 2023, female presidents reach 32% and female gold medallists 31%. CONCLUSIONS Although gender inequality is declining, in radiology women continue to be underrepresented in leadership positions. Work must be done in order to build a diverse and inclusive profession that reflects demographic reality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Cayón Somacarrera
- Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, Santander, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Valdecilla (IDIVAL), Santander, Spain.
| | - C Alonso Rodríguez
- Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Del Campo Del Val
- Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Oleaga Zufiría
- Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Clínic, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - P Rodríguez Carnero
- Servicio de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Princesa (IIS-Princesa), Hospital Universitario de La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Thrall JH, Brink JA, Zalis ME. The Environmental, Social, Governance Movement and Radiology: Opportunities and Strategy. J Am Coll Radiol 2024; 21:265-270. [PMID: 37495034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2023.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The environmental, social, governance (ESG) movement has come to health care organizations, in part through the Biden administration's challenge to them to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 50% by 2030 and achieve net zero emissions by 2050, in support of more robust environmental sustainability. Radiology practices should become knowledgeable about ESG concepts and look for opportunities that are meaningful and achievable to support their host organizations' ESG efforts. Examples of initiatives to support improved environmental sustainability include selecting the least energy intensive imaging method for a given diagnosis, shutting down equipment in standby mode, sourcing energy from renewable sources, and reducing waste through recycling. Optimizing imaging protocols can reduce radiation exposure to patients, energy used per examination, and the use of other resources such as iodinated contrast media, an environmental pollutant. Achieving socially equitable access to services for ethnic and racial minorities remains a challenge in the US health care system. Extending hours of operation for screening services to include nights and weekends can provide options for patients who otherwise must take time away from work with loss of income. With respect to governance, more transparency in leadership selection and greater opportunities for participation by women and racial/ethnic minorities in the leadership of professional organizations should be supported in radiology. To succeed in ESG initiatives, radiology practice leaders should consider appointing a lead person and a multifunctional team that includes broad representation from the radiology workplace. The team should work to identify opportunities that are realistic and achievable within their institutional contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James H Thrall
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Subcommittee Chair, ACR Centennial Committee; Chair, Ethics in Publishing Subcommittee, ACR Publications Committee.
| | - James A Brink
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Chief, Enterprise Imaging, Mass General Brigham Health System; Radiologist-in-Chief, Massachusetts General Hospital
| | - Michael E Zalis
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Lead, Imaging Sustainability Task Force, Mass General Brigham Health System
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mahecha JE, Mahecha ME, Veloza MJ, Torres DF, Gomez R. Interventional Radiology: Identifying the Path to the Future. Acad Radiol 2023; 30:2796. [PMID: 37032277 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Jose Veloza
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá. Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Rafael Gomez
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá. Bogotá, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Campos FM, Grimm LJ, Maxfield CM. Unintended Consequence: Diversity as a Casualty of Eliminating United States Medical Licensing Examination Step 1 Scores. J Am Coll Radiol 2023; 20:1177-1187. [PMID: 37634794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2023.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to use a discrete-choice experiment to model the trade-offs evaluators make between academic attributes and demographics when the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1 switches to pass/fail. METHODS A discrete-choice experiment was administered to faculty members from a geographically diverse mix of 14 academic and community radiology departments in the United States from August through November 2020. Reviewers reviewed 10 applicant pairs with numeric Step 1 scores (part 1) and 10 applicant pairs with a pass Step 1 result (part 2). Applicant attributes included medical school rank, gender, race/ethnicity, USMLE Step 1 score, USMLE Step 2 score, class rank, clerkship honors, and publications. Conditional logistic regression modeled the influence of attribute levels. RESULTS Two hundred twelve evaluators completed the study (response rate 59%). The most influential attribute was Step 1 score in part 1 and medical school rank in part 2. The relative importance of race/ethnicity and gender decreased by 25% and 29%, respectively, when Step 1 switches to pass/fail. Evaluators weigh race/ethnicity the strongest when applicants have the same Step 1 score (preference weights of 0.85 for African American, 1.42 for Hispanic, and 0 for White and Asian applicants). Race/ethnicity is relatively more important when Step 1 scores are higher (preference weights of 1.58 for African American, 0.90 for Hispanic, and 0 for White and Asian applicants). CONCLUSIONS The loss of numeric Step 1 scores reduced the residency evaluator preference for diversity. Reviewers prioritize underrepresented-in-medicine applicants when Step 1 scores are higher and comparable with White and Asian applicants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe M Campos
- School of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lars J Grimm
- Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
| | - Charles M Maxfield
- Vice Chair of Education, Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Fahim A, Shakeel S, Saleem F, Ur Rehman I, Siddique K, Qureshi HA, Zafar MS. The Association of Research Quantitative Measures With Faculty Ranks of Australian and New Zealand Dental Schools. Cureus 2023; 15:e47271. [PMID: 38021485 PMCID: PMC10655896 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The scholarly productivity of a faculty member can be measured through several indicators including annual appraisals, feedback, and the number of publications per year. The present study aims to assess the association of quantitative research measures and academic ranks in Australian and New Zealand dental schools. METHODS It was an analytical observational cross-sectional study. Full-time faculty members working in Australia and New Zealand's dental schools were discovered on official websites. Various bibliometric parameters including h-index, total number of citations, total number of publications, and maximum number of sources of a single publication were analyzed. Spearman rank correlation was used to determine the correlation between bibliometric variables and academic ranks (lecturer, assistant professor, professor). The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare bibliometric parameters among departments (Basic and Clinical) and gender (male and female). RESULTS Through the present search strategy, 207 full-time faculty members were identified, of which 12 were from New Zealand, and 195 were from Australia. Among them, 130 (62.8%) were male and 70 (33.8%) were female faculty members. There was a positive correlation of all bibliometric parameters with academic ranks (p = 0.001). There was no statistical difference between the two countries for academic parameters (p > 0.05). Male faculty members showed significantly higher academic productivity than female members in Australian dental schools (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION These bibliometric parameters and other educational parameters can be considered for determining faculty promotions. These bibliometric parameters appear to be suitable metrics for assessing research productivity, impact, and visibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Fahim
- Department of Oral Biology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, PAK
| | - Sadia Shakeel
- Department of Oral Biology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, PAK
| | - Farhan Saleem
- Department of Public Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, AUS
| | - Ijaz Ur Rehman
- Department of Oral Medicine, The University of Lahore, Lahore, PAK
| | - Kashif Siddique
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Lahore, Lahore, PAK
| | - Habib Ahmad Qureshi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences/Anatomy and Histology, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, SAU
| | - Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Munawwarra, SAU
- School of Dentistry, University of Jordan, Amman, JOR
- Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, PAK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Molwitz I, Kemper C, Stahlmann K, Oechtering TH, Sieren MM, Afat S, Gerwing M, Bucher AM, Storz C, Langenbach MC, Reim M, Lotz J, Zagrosek-Regitz V, Can E, Köhler D, Yamamura J, Adam G, Hamm B, Keller S. Work expectations, their fulfillment, and exhaustion among radiologists of all career levels: what can be learned from the example of Germany. Eur Radiol 2023; 33:5664-5674. [PMID: 36897346 PMCID: PMC9999063 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-09510-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate work expectations of radiologists at different career levels, their fulfillment, prevalence of exhaustion, and exhaustion-associated factors. METHODS A standardized digital questionnaire was distributed internationally to radiologists of all career levels in the hospital and in ambulatory care via radiological societies and sent manually to 4500 radiologists of the largest German hospitals between December 2020 and April 2021. Statistics were based on age- and gender-adjusted regression analyses of respondents working in Germany (510 out of 594 total respondents). RESULTS The most frequent expectations were "joy at work" (97%) and a "good working atmosphere" (97%), which were considered fulfilled by at least 78%. The expectation of a "structured residency within the regular time interval" (79%) was more frequently judged fulfilled by senior physicians (83%, odds ratio (OR) 4.31 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.95-9.52]), chief physicians (85%, 6.81 [95% CI 1.91-24.29]), and radiologists outside the hospital (88%, 7.59 [95% CI 2.40-24.03]) than by residents (68%). Exhaustion was most common among residents (physical exhaustion: 38%; emotional exhaustion: 36%), in-hospital specialists (29%; 38%), and senior physicians (30%; 29%). In contrast to paid extra hours, unpaid extra hours were associated with physical exhaustion (5-10 extra hours: OR 2.54 [95% CI 1.54-4.19]). Fewer opportunities to shape the work environment were related to a higher probability of physical (2.03 [95% CI 1.32-3.13]) and emotional (2.15 [95% CI 1.39-3.33]) exhaustion. CONCLUSIONS While most radiologists enjoy their work, residents wish for more training structure. Ensuring payment of extra hours and employee empowerment may help preventing burnout in high-risk groups. KEY POINTS • Most important work expectations of radiologists who work in Germany are "joy at work," a "good working atmosphere," "support for further qualification," and a "structured residency within the regular time interval," with the latter containing potential for improvement according to residents. • Physical and emotional exhaustion are common at all career levels except for chief physicians and for radiologists who work outside the hospital in ambulatory care. • Exhaustion as a major burnout criterion is associated with unpaid extra hours and reduced opportunities to shape the work environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Molwitz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Christoph Kemper
- Department of Radiology, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Stahlmann
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thekla Helene Oechtering
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Malte Maria Sieren
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Saif Afat
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Eberhard-Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mirjam Gerwing
- Clinic of Radiology, Medical Faculty, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andreas Michael Bucher
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt Am Main, Germany
| | - Corinna Storz
- Department of Neuroradiology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marcel C Langenbach
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research Center, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin Reim
- Department of Radiology and Interventional Radiology, Tartu University Hospital, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Joachim Lotz
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vera Zagrosek-Regitz
- Institute for Gender in Medicine, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zürich, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Elif Can
- Department of Radiology, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Köhler
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jin Yamamura
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- evidia Group, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerhard Adam
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Hamm
- Department of Radiology, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Keller
- Department of Radiology, Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hillier E, Hodgson CS, Lebel K, Spalluto LB, Trop I, Yap WW, Hillier T, Darras KE, Sharma S, Yong-Hing CJ. Canadian radiology workforce demographics: Results from a national survey. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18852. [PMID: 37636473 PMCID: PMC10448061 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale and objective Demographic data collected about Canadian radiologists and trainees has been limited primarily to binary gender and geographic location. The purpose of this study was to investigate: (1) demographic characteristics of Canadian radiologists and trainees; (2) types of diversity important to radiologists; (3) relationship of radiologist demographics to practice characteristics; and (4) relationship of radiologist demographics to years in practice, (YIP). Materials and methods French and English surveys were distributed via email through radiology associations and social media. Frequency counts of demographic variables were calculated, and chi-square and Fisher's Exact tests were performed to explore the relationships between demographic characteristics and role. Results 611 individuals responded to the survey. 573 respondents were included in the analysis. 454 (78.8%) were practicing radiologists and 119 (20.7%) were residents/fellows. Half identified as women (50.4%). English was the primary language for most respondents. There was an association between role and sexual orientation (p = 0.02), visible minority (χ2 = 4.79, p < 0.05), religion (χ2 = 4.11, p < 0.05), and having children (χ2 = 136.65, p < 0.05). For radiologists, being a visible minority (χ2 = 11.59, p < 0.05) and age (χ2 = 56.3, p < 0.05) were associated with academic rank while gender (χ2 = 3.83, p < 0.05) and age (χ2 = 13.74, p < 0.05) were related to part-/full-time status. Less women, visible minorities, and women with children had been in practice for long. Discussion This study represents a comprehensive analysis of Canadian radiology demographics. Results suggest there is increasing diversity among trainees; however, significant demographic underrepresentation compared to the diversity of Canada exists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Carol S. Hodgson
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Canada
| | - Kiana Lebel
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Canada
| | - Lucy B. Spalluto
- Department of Radiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, USA
| | | | - Wan Wan Yap
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Tracey Hillier
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Sonali Sharma
- Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Jansen C, van Heerden X, Newell M. Women in radiology: Breaking the barriers of gender diversity: An opinion on the current literature. Eur J Radiol 2023; 164:110863. [PMID: 37201246 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2023.110863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
|
11
|
Dodelzon K, Grimm LJ, Plimpton SR, Markovic D, Milch HS. Ongoing Impact of COVID-19 on Breast Radiologists' Wellness. JOURNAL OF BREAST IMAGING 2023; 5:287-296. [PMID: 38416885 DOI: 10.1093/jbi/wbac100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assess the ongoing impact of COVID-19 on mental well-being of breast radiologists nationwide two years after the start of the pandemic and compared to early in the pandemic. METHODS A 27-question survey was distributed from December 2021 to January 2022 to physician members of the Society of Breast Imaging. Psychological distress and anxiety scores were calculated, and factors associated with them were identified with a multivariate logistic model. RESULTS A total of 550 surveys were completed (23% response rate); the mean respondent age was 50 +/- 10 years. Fifty percent (265/526) of respondents reported two or more psychological distress symptoms, down from 58% in 2020 (P = 0.002), whereas 70% (362/526) of respondents reported increased anxiety, down from 82% in 2020 (P < 0.001). As in 2020, reporting financial strain and childcare adversely affecting job ability were associated with worse psychological distress scores (OR 3.6, 95% CI: 1.6-8.3, P = 0.02 and OR 6.0, 95% CI: 2.5-14.4, P = 0.002, respectively). Less time spent consulting, educating, and discussing results with patients was associated with higher psychological distress (OR 5.3, 95% CI: 2.1-13.2, P = 0.036) and anxiety (OR 6.4, 95% CI: 2.3-17.5, P < 0.001). Diminished research collaboration was associated with higher anxiety (OR 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1-2.9, P = 0.019). CONCLUSION The COVID-19 pandemic continues to cause mental health symptoms in breast radiologists, especially for those with pandemic-specific childcare needs and financial distress. Pandemic-related decreased opportunities to connect with patients and colleagues negatively impacts radiologists' mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Dodelzon
- Weill Cornell Medicine at New York-Presbyterian, Department of Radiology, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lars J Grimm
- Duke University Medical Center, Department of Radiology, Durham, NC, USA
| | - S Reed Plimpton
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Department of Radiology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniela Markovic
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Department of Radiology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hannah S Milch
- David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Department of Radiology, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Carvajal MEM, Fino OEM, Perilla LAC, Muñoz SB. Do We Need to Protect Gender Diversity in the Radiology Field Through Language? Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2023; 52:220. [PMID: 36774214 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2023.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Oscar Enrique Mejia Fino
- Department of diagnostic imaging, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, 116 street #7-76, Bogotá, 110111, Colombia
| | | | - Sonia Bermudez Muñoz
- Department of diagnostic imaging, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, 116 street #7-76, Bogotá, 110111, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Cardona Ortegón JD, Cifuentes Gaitán K, Rueda MA, Romero JA. Diversity and Inclusion in Radiology: A Challenge to Be Faced. Radiology 2023; 307:e222098. [PMID: 36809214 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.222098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- José David Cardona Ortegón
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, 116 Street # 9-02, Bogotá, Colombia 110111
| | - Karen Cifuentes Gaitán
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, 116 Street # 9-02, Bogotá, Colombia 110111
| | - María Alejandra Rueda
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, 116 Street # 9-02, Bogotá, Colombia 110111
| | - Javier Andrés Romero
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, 116 Street # 9-02, Bogotá, Colombia 110111
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Hayter CL, Ayesa SL. Female representation in radiology subspecialty interest groups in Australia and New Zealand. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2022; 67:162-169. [PMID: 36229951 DOI: 10.1111/1754-9485.13484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Women comprise 31% of the Australian and New Zealand radiology workforce, and 35% of radiology trainees. To date, there has been no study of female representation within clinical radiology subspecialties in Australia and New Zealand. This study aims to quantify female representation among the clinical radiology subspecialty interest groups (SIGs) in Australia and New Zealand. METHODS A list of SIGs was compiled using the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists (RANZCR) website. The executive of each SIG or the RANZCR Standards committee was contacted with a request to provide the number of female versus male members for each subspecialty group and their executive. RESULTS Six out of 10 SIGs reported a low proportion of female members; this was most pronounced for IRSA (interventional radiology; 7% women), AMSIG (musculoskeletal imaging; 13% women) and CCINR (interventional neuroradiology; 13% women). Female radiologists accounted for >50% of membership in four SIGs: OGSIG (obstetrics/gynaecology imaging; 87% women), BIG (breast imaging; 73% women), ARGANZ (abdominal imaging; 69% women) and ANZSTR (thoracic imaging; 69% women). Female executive representation ranged from 0% (IRSA (interventional radiology) and ANZSNR (neuroradiology)) to 100% (OGSIG (obstetrics/gynaecology imaging)). CONCLUSION Female representation within the membership and representative leadership of some SIGs is well below parity and active initiatives to improve female representation should be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine L Hayter
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,Sonic Healthcare Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sally L Ayesa
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Gosford & Wyong Hospitals, Gosford, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Singhal A, Aiken A. Call to Action: Women in Neuroradiology's Group (WINNERS)-Is There a Need? AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2022; 43:1396-1399. [PMID: 36574333 PMCID: PMC9575528 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
16
|
Lim W, Gupta N, Mandel C. Analysis of gender in radiology in Australia and its importance to the profession and workforce planning. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2022; 67:170-178. [PMID: 36073993 DOI: 10.1111/1754-9485.13467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Medical workforce diversity is important with gender constituting a significant role. Male and female medical practitioners participate in the workforce differently: understanding the cultural and social expectations, economic productivity, professional opportunities, and the effects on workforce supply, will aid workforce planning. Having a workforce that reflects the diversity of the community is important in providing patient-centred care. As more than half of medical graduates are female, it would be expected that this is reflected in radiology specialty. We analyse the Australian gender-specific data from the Royal Australian and New Zealand Clinical Radiology (RANZCR) clinical radiology workforce census from 1992 to 2020, focusing on changes in gender representation, number of hours worked per week, differences in subspecialisation and geographical distribution. This analysis found that the proportion of the female radiologists increased from 13% to 29%: still an underrepresentation of women radiologists when compared with the gender distribution of medical students and junior doctors. This will persist in the short to medium term, given the tapering of female doctors entering radiology training. In terms of workforce planning, women are more likely to work less than their male counterparts in the early to mid-career. Women are underrepresentated in interventional and neurointerventional radiology. There is more self-reported subspecialty interest in breast and women's imaging. A review of the literature demonstrated a similar situation in comparable countries. We also considered the reasons, potential solutions for this, and knowledge gaps where research is needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- WanYin Lim
- Dr Jones and Partner, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Nishant Gupta
- The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Catherine Mandel
- Swinburne University of Technology and Integral Diagnostics, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Women in Radiology: Perceived or True Barrier? Tomography 2022; 8:1881-1884. [PMID: 35894023 PMCID: PMC9332462 DOI: 10.3390/tomography8040158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Numbers are facts, and facts need to be publicly discussed for any change to happen [...]
Collapse
|
18
|
Nischal N, Iyengar KP, Vaishya R, Haleem S, Zaw Pe E, Choudur HN, Botchu R. Assessing the gender gap in musculoskeletal radiology authorship across three continents: are really the "ladies first"? Clin Radiol 2022; 77:724-729. [PMID: 35843729 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2022.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess gender-specific authorship trends in musculoskeletal (MSK) radiology in three major radiology journals, Skeletal Radiology (SR), Clinical Radiology (CR) and Indian Journal of Radiology and Imaging (IJRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective analysis of articles pertaining to MSK radiology was done for the years 2000, 2010, and 2020 for SR and CR and for the years 2010 and 2020 for IJRI. The number and positions of female authors was noted. RESULTS Three hundred and twenty-five articles were reviewed after excluding the articles where the gender of one or more authors could not be conclusively determined. In SR, the percentage of female authors increased significantly from 4% in 2000 to 17% in 2010 (p<0.0001) and to 21.9% in 2020 (p<0.0001) with an increase in the percentage of first female authors from 0.8% in 2000 to 4.9% in 2010 and further to 5.4% in 2020. In CR, the percentage of female authors reduced from 13.8% in 2000 to 13.6% in 2010 (p=0.9798 and further reduced to 7% in 2020 (p=0.1592). In IJRI, the percentage of articles with no female authors went down from 36.4% (2010) to 26.7% (2020). CONCLUSION There is an upward trend in female authorship in MSK radiology related articles in SR and IJRI with continued under-representation in CR. The first and middle order female authors have shown a significant increase, although the number of last female authors remains very low. Analysis of such trends in academic journals from other subspecialities in medicine needs to be undertaken to confirm or refute the findings of this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Nischal
- Department of Radiology, Holy Family Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - K P Iyengar
- Department of Orthopedics, Southport and Ormskirk, Southport, UK
| | - R Vaishya
- Department of Orthopedics, Indraprastha Apollo Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - S Haleem
- Department of Spinal Surgery, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - E Zaw Pe
- Department of Orthopedics, Southport and Ormskirk, Southport, UK
| | - H N Choudur
- Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - R Botchu
- Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Royal Orthopaedic Hospital, Birmingham, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Female Representation on Radiology Journal Editorial Boards Around the World: Geographical Differences and Temporal Trends. Acad Radiol 2022; 29:755-762. [PMID: 32782220 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES We examined the status of women's representation on radiology journal editorial boards around the world and evaluated temporal trends in female board representation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data on the gender of editorial board members, deputy editors, and editors-in-chief of top general radiology journals from the United States and from five continents outside North America was collected, based on listings in mastheads of each journal at 5-year intervals from 1998 to 2018. Female editorial board representation was compared to female membership in national professional radiology organizations and national physician registries. RESULTS One of 42 editors-in-chief (2.4%), 24 of 135 deputy editors (17.8%), and 345 of 2545 (13.6%) editorial board members were female for the 20-year period. The overall percentage of female editorial board members increased from 9.7% (41 of 423) in 1998 to 17.0% (97 of 569) in 2018 (p < 0.0001). In 2018, women were less represented on the editorial boards than female professional society membership for all geographic regions except Australia/New Zealand; this difference reached statistical significance in Korea, Brazil, Europe, and China. Female editorial board representation ranged from 11.3% to 33.3%, with no significant difference between the United States (21.5%) and other countries. CONCLUSION Although the proportion of female editorial board members of radiology journals worldwide has increased over the past two decades, female editorial board composition generally underrepresents the percentage of female radiologists. Editorial board female representation does not differ significantly between the United States and other countries.
Collapse
|
20
|
Miller H, Seckel E, White CL, Sanchez D, Rubesova E, Mueller C, Bianco K. Gender-based salary differences in academic medicine: a retrospective review of data from six public medical centers in the Western USA. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e059216. [PMID: 35393330 PMCID: PMC8991058 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-059216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We assessed the effect of gender, rank and research productivity on compensation for faculty at academic medical centres. DESIGN A web-based retrospective review of salary for professors in 2016. SETTING Faculty from six state-run, publicly funded academic medical centres in the Western USA. PARTICIPANTS 799 faculty members, 225 assistant (51% women), 200 associate (40% women) and 374 full professors (32% women) from general surgery (26% women), obstetrics and gynaecology (70% women) and radiology (34% women). METHODS Archived online faculty profiles were reviewed for gender, rank and compensation (total, baseline and supplemental). Total compensation was defined as baseline compensation plus supplemental income. Baseline compensation was defined as base salary minus reductions due to participation in the voluntary Employee Reduction in Time and phased retirement programmes. Supplemental income was defined as additional salary for clinical care and research (eg, grants). Elsevier's Scopus was used to collect data on h-index, a measure of research productivity. Linear regression models were estimated to determine the relationship between these factors and salary. RESULTS Total compensation was significantly higher for men across all professorial ranks in both general surgery [Formula: see text] and obstetrics and gynaecology [Formula: see text]. Women faculty members within these departments earned almost US$75 000 less than their men colleagues. The disparity in salary originates from gaps in supplemental income, as baseline compensation was not significantly different between men and women. No significant gender difference in total compensation for radiology was found [Formula: see text]. Higher h-index was associated with higher baseline compensation across all departments as well as with supplemental income for general surgery. Higher h-index was related to lower supplemental income for radiology and was not related to supplemental income for obstetrics and gynaecology. CONCLUSIONS Further investigations should focus on discrepancies in supplemental income, which may preferentially benefit men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayley Miller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth Seckel
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Chrislyn L White
- Obstetrics & Gynecology, Kaiser Permanente San Leandro Medical Center, San Leandro, California, USA
| | - Diana Sanchez
- University of Illinois College of Medicine at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Erika Rubesova
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Claudia Mueller
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Katherine Bianco
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Shan A, Lin CT, Daye D, Yi PH. Leadership Titles in Radiology: Usage of Non-Inclusive Terminology among Academic Radiology Departments and Societies. Acad Radiol 2022; 29:402-408. [PMID: 34116925 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2021.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES To characterize the use of gender-specific (chairman) and non-inclusive terminology (chief) to describe departmental and divisional/sectional leadership within academic radiology department and radiological society websites. METHODS From a total of 157 unique institutions identified, we gathered a list of 123 departments with functioning websites. We screened for use of "chairman" and "chief" on departmental home pages, welcome messages, faculty listings, and residency program pages, noting location on websites, and alternative terms, if present. We also assessed for use of "chairman" through a list of 14 radiological society websites. The overall usage of these terms was determined and the relationships between geographic region, faculty gender, and use of terminology were assessed. RESULTS "Chairman" is common among radiology department websites, with 42.1% (51/121) of websites using the term at least once. Usage of "chairman" was higher in departments whose chairs were men (OR 4.32, 95% CI: 1.36-13.69) and lower in those located in the Midwest (versus Northeast, OR 0.34, 95% CI: 0.12-0.96). Use of "chief" is extremely common among departments listing divisional leadership, at 82.7% (67/81). Alternative terms used included "chair," "head," "chairperson," and "director." Among departments, the proportion of women in leadership roles is low, representing 19.7% (22/122) of chairs and 31.1% (272/874) of other leadership. Radiological societies were unlikely to use "chairman," with only one website using the term. CONCLUSION Use of "chairman" and "chief" is frequent among academic radiology departments. Further efforts should be made to assess the usage of non-inclusive terminology and its potential impact within academic radiology departments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Shan
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Cheng Ting Lin
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Dania Daye
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachussetts
| | - Paul H Yi
- University of Maryland Intelligent Imaging (UMII) Center, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Pitot MA, White MA, Edney E, Mogensen MA, Solberg A, Kattapuram T, Kadom N. The Current State of Gender Discrimination and Sexual Harassment in the Radiology Workplace: A Survey. Acad Radiol 2022; 29:416-425. [PMID: 33495074 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Our objectives were (1) to determine the extent to which gender discrimination and sexual harassment are experienced by female radiologists and trainees; (2) to examine whether experiencing harassment or discrimination influences perceptions of gender parity; and (3) to explore whether the existence of either formal institutional policies or the number of women in the workplace and/or in leadership positions influences perceptions of having achieved gender equity. MATERIALS AND METHODS An online anonymous questionnaire, developed through an Association of University Radiologists (AUR) - affiliated 2019-2020 Task Force, was used to assess participant demographics, perceptions of gender parity, and experiences of gender discrimination and sexual harassment. RESULTS A total of 375 complete responses were collected. All respondents were female with most practices consisting of fewer than 25% female radiologists. The majority of respondents reported having been a victim of sexual harassment (n = 226, 60.3%) and gender discrimination (n = 318, 84.8%) in the workplace. Approximately 87.5% of participants believed workplace gender parity would take longer than 10 years to achieve; 26.9% responded that it will never happen. Experiencing gender discrimination or harassment in the workplace was significantly associated with a negative outlook on achieving gender parity. Conversely, the presence and number of adequate formal institutional policies to address workplace gender equity and harassment were significantly associated with optimistic views on achieving gender parity. Higher percentages of women in one's practice as well as number of women in leadership positions were also significantly associated with more optimistic expectations. CONCLUSION Gender discrimination and sexual harassment are common in the field of radiology and influence victims' outlook on achieving gender parity in the workplace. Perceptions can be improved by implementing adequate institutional training policies on harassment and increasing the representation of female radiologists.
Collapse
|
23
|
Meltzer CC. Gender Discrimination and Harassment in Radiology. Acad Radiol 2022; 29:426-427. [PMID: 34742649 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn C Meltzer
- Emory University Hospital, Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Suite D-112, 1364 Clifton Road NE, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hendrickson KR, Avery SM, Castillo R, Cervino L, Cetnar A, Gagne NL, Harris W, Johnson A, Lipford M, Octave N, Paradis KC, Pérez-Andújar A, Prajapati S, Pollard-Larkin J. 2021 AAPM Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion Climate Survey Executive Summary. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022; 116:295-304. [PMID: 35235854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) shares the results, conclusions, and recommendations from the initial Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion Climate Survey conducted in 2021. METHODS AND MATERIALS The climate survey targeted medical physicists who are full members of the AAPM and included demographic inquiries and questions intended to assess the working environmental climate in terms of a sense of belonging and inclusion, experiences of discrimination and harassment, and obstacles to participation within the AAPM. The survey invitation was sent to 5,500 members. Responses were collected from 1385 members (response rate of 25%) between January and February 2021. RESULTS Overall, the medical physics workplace climate was positive. However, some demographic and professional subgroups reported lower levels of agreement with positive characteristics of their workplace climates. Compared with men, women ranked lower 7 of 8 categories that characterized the workplace climate. Other subgroups that also ranked the workplace climate descriptors lower included individuals not originally from the United States and Canada (3/8). Most respondents strongly agreed/agreed that the climate within the AAPM was welcoming. However, 17% of respondents reported personally experiencing or witnessing microaggressions within the AAPM. Overall, medical physicists reported low levels of agreement that opportunities within the AAPM were available to them, from 34% to 60% among 8 categories, including opportunities to volunteer, join committees, and compete for leadership positions within the AAPM. Several subgroups reported even lower levels of agreement that these opportunities are available. Asian and Asian American respondents (3/8) and physicists with origins in countries outside the United States and Canada (7/8) reported fewer opportunities to participate in the AAPM. Medical physicists reported their experiences of discrimination and sexual harassment in their workplaces and within the AAPM. For those who reported personal experiences of sexual harassment, only 24% (15/63) felt comfortable reporting when it occurred within their workplaces, and 35% (9/26) felt comfortable reporting when it occurred within the AAPM. CONCLUSIONS The report concludes with several recommendations for action.
Collapse
|
25
|
Soyer P, Revel MP, Dohan A, Vernhet-Kovacsik H, Nougaret S, Hoeffel C. Gender diversity in authorship in Diagnostic & Interventional Imaging: Where are we now? Diagn Interv Imaging 2022; 103:237-239. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
26
|
Dodelzon K. Protecting a Gender Diverse Future by Supporting Breastfeeding Radiologists. Acad Radiol 2022; 29:181-182. [PMID: 34794882 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2021.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
27
|
Parhar D, Khosa F. Retrospective Analysis of Gender Disparity in Radiology Subspecialty Training: A Decade of Little Progress. CURRENT RADIOLOGY REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s40134-022-00391-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
28
|
Carter L, Fishman EK, Rowe SP, Chu LC. What Can Wonder Woman Teach Radiologists? J Am Coll Radiol 2021; 19:314-315. [PMID: 34871555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2021.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lynda Carter
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Elliot K Fishman
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Steven P Rowe
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Linda C Chu
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Current State of Membership Diversity Among North American Radiology Societies: Analysis of Public Information on Society Websites. Acad Radiol 2021; 28:1541-1547. [PMID: 32771316 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2020.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Diversity is an identified priority amongst governing medical bodies. We systematically analyzed public membership diversity data posted by North American radiology societies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two independent study members reviewed North American radiology society websites to collect public data on membership diversity, specifically related to gender, race, and sexual orientation or gender identity, and categorized data using a coding system. Supplemental searches were conducted to confirm findings. Study team members created accounts on each society website to identify whether diversity data was collected during member enrollment. RESULTS We reviewed a total of 26 society websites, with median 1500 members (range 110-54,600). We categorized five societies as "diversity leaders" based on having diversity statement(s), diversity initiatives, and diversity publication(s). While 62%, 8%, and 0% of societies collected data on gender, race, and sexual orientation or gender identity, respectively, no societies posted membership composition of these groups. Fourty-six percent of societies had membership diversity statement(s) on their webpages. Fifty-four percent had initiative(s) targeted at diversity (23% had multiple). Fifty percent had membership diversity publication(s). Sexual orientation and gender identity minority members were least frequently specified as beneficiaries of diversity statements, initiatives, and publications. Societies with larger memberships were more likely to have membership diversity initiatives (p = 0.01), journal articles on membership diversity (p = 0.005), and be "diversity leaders" (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION Public support of membership diversity by many North American radiology societies, especially those with fewer members, is lacking. Identified "diversity leaders" can serve as models for societies aiming to establish their commitment to diversity.
Collapse
|
30
|
Nguyen AX, Yoffe L, Li A, Trinh XV, Kurian J, Moss HE, Wu AY. Gender Gap in Neurology Research Authorship (1946-2020). Front Neurol 2021; 12:715428. [PMID: 34497579 PMCID: PMC8419229 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.715428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gender disparity in the field of neurology impedes scientific advancements and innovations. In 2018, 45.0% of neurology and neurological subspecialty residents were women. Despite a notable rise in the proportion of women neurologists over the past decades, inequalities regarding publication proportions between men and women persist in the field. This cohort study examines authorship trends in articles published in 155 international neurology journals, identified as those listed in the annual Journal Citation Reports' “Clinical Neurology” section. Authors' names, authorship positions and countries of affiliation were extracted from PubMed for indexed articles published from 1946 to 2020. Gender-API (a validated and highly accurate application program interface) assigned binary genders to authors. Author gender proportions were compared across subspecialties, authorship position and years. In 303,385 unique articles, 1,663,036 total authors were identified of which 34.1% were women. Neuroradiology demonstrated the lowest proportion of women authors (21.3%), while neurogenetics displayed the highest (44.5%). In articles with multiple authors, both men and women last authors were more likely to publish with a male first author, though this was significantly more pronounced for men last authors (1.86 vs. 1.08; p < 0.001). From 2002 to 2020, women remained in the minority of last (24.6%), first (36.2%), and middle author positions (35.8%). The authorship gender distribution in neurological journals neither reflects the gender proportion of neurologists in the field overall nor in any subspecialty examined. We also find a tendency for senior and junior authors of the same gender to publish together which perpetuates authorship inequity. Further work is needed to identify underlying causes so that interventions might be developed to improve authorship diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anne X Nguyen
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lilian Yoffe
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anna Li
- Faculty of Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Xuan-Vi Trinh
- Department of Computer Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jerry Kurian
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Heather E Moss
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States.,Department of Neurology & Neurological Science, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Albert Y Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Quak E, Girault G, Thenint MA, Weyts K, Lequesne J, Lasnon C. Author Gender Inequality in Medical Imaging Journals and the COVID-19 Pandemic. Radiology 2021; 300:E301-E307. [PMID: 33724061 PMCID: PMC7983071 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2021204417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Early reports show the unequal effect the COVID-19 pandemic might have on men versus women engaged in medical research. Purpose To investigate whether the COVID-19 pandemic has had an impact on scientific publishing by female physicians in medical imaging. Materials and Methods The authors conducted a descriptive bibliometric analysis of the gender of the first and last authors of manuscripts submitted to the top 50 medical imaging journals from March to May 2020 (n = 2480) compared with the same period of the year in 2018 (n = 2238) and 2019 (n = 2355). Manuscript title, date of submission, first and last names of the first and last authors, journal impact factor, and author country of provenance were recorded. The Gender-API software was used to determine author gender. Statistical analysis comprised χ2 tests and multivariable logistic regression. Results Percentages of women listed as first and last authors were 31.6% (1172 of 3711 articles) and 19.3% (717 of 3711 articles), respectively, in 2018-2019 versus 32.3% (725 of 2248 articles) and 20.7% (465 of 2248 articles) in 2020 (P = .61 and P = .21, respectively). For COVID-19-related articles, 35.2% (89 of 253 articles) of first authors and 20.6% (52 of 253 articles) of last authors were women. No associations were found between first- and last-author gender, year of publication, and region of provenance. First and last authorship of high-ranking articles was not in favor of North American women whatever the year (odds ratio [OR], 0.79 [P = .05] and 0.72 [P = .02], respectively). Higher rates of female last authorship of high-ranking articles were observed in Europe (P = .003) and of female first authorship of low-ranking publications in Asia in 2020 (OR, 1.38; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.92; P = .06). Female first and last authorship of COVID-19-related articles was overrepresented for lowest-rank publications (P = .02 and P = .01, respectively). Conclusion One in three first authors and one in five last authors were women in 2018-2019 and 2020, respectively. Although the first 2020 lockdown did not diminish the quantity of women-authored publications, the impact on the quality was variable. ©RSNA, 2021 See also the editorial by Robbins and Khosa in this issue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elske Quak
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine (E.Q., K.W., C.L.), Medical Library (G.G.), Department of Radiology (M.A.T.), and Department of Biostatistics (J.L.), UNICANCER, Comprehensive Cancer Centre François Baclesse, Avenue Général Harris, 14076 Caen, France; and Normandy University, UNICAEN, INSERM 1086 ANTICIPE, Caen, France (C.L.)
| | - Gilles Girault
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine (E.Q., K.W., C.L.), Medical Library (G.G.), Department of Radiology (M.A.T.), and Department of Biostatistics (J.L.), UNICANCER, Comprehensive Cancer Centre François Baclesse, Avenue Général Harris, 14076 Caen, France; and Normandy University, UNICAEN, INSERM 1086 ANTICIPE, Caen, France (C.L.)
| | - Marie Aude Thenint
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine (E.Q., K.W., C.L.), Medical Library (G.G.), Department of Radiology (M.A.T.), and Department of Biostatistics (J.L.), UNICANCER, Comprehensive Cancer Centre François Baclesse, Avenue Général Harris, 14076 Caen, France; and Normandy University, UNICAEN, INSERM 1086 ANTICIPE, Caen, France (C.L.)
| | - Kathleen Weyts
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine (E.Q., K.W., C.L.), Medical Library (G.G.), Department of Radiology (M.A.T.), and Department of Biostatistics (J.L.), UNICANCER, Comprehensive Cancer Centre François Baclesse, Avenue Général Harris, 14076 Caen, France; and Normandy University, UNICAEN, INSERM 1086 ANTICIPE, Caen, France (C.L.)
| | - Justine Lequesne
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine (E.Q., K.W., C.L.), Medical Library (G.G.), Department of Radiology (M.A.T.), and Department of Biostatistics (J.L.), UNICANCER, Comprehensive Cancer Centre François Baclesse, Avenue Général Harris, 14076 Caen, France; and Normandy University, UNICAEN, INSERM 1086 ANTICIPE, Caen, France (C.L.)
| | - Charline Lasnon
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine (E.Q., K.W., C.L.), Medical Library (G.G.), Department of Radiology (M.A.T.), and Department of Biostatistics (J.L.), UNICANCER, Comprehensive Cancer Centre François Baclesse, Avenue Général Harris, 14076 Caen, France; and Normandy University, UNICAEN, INSERM 1086 ANTICIPE, Caen, France (C.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Molwitz I, Yamamura J, Ozga AK, Wedekind I, Nguyen TA, Wolf L, Kamo M, Zhao J, Can E, Keller S. Gender trends in authorships and publication impact in Academic Radiology-a 10-year perspective. Eur Radiol 2021; 31:8887-8896. [PMID: 34009412 PMCID: PMC8589752 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-021-07928-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To analyze the development of publication numbers of female authors in high-, medium-, and low-impact radiological journals. Methods In this bibliometric analysis, gender of the first (FA) and senior author (SA) was assigned to all original research articles and reviews, published in 10 high-, medium-, and low-impact radiological journals in 2007/8 and 2017/18. The adjusted event rate (AER) and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) were calculated using mixed logistic and multinomial logistic regression models to assess and compare female publications according to impact factor, journal, author position, and combination. Results The proportion of female FA and female SA in N = 6979 (2007/2008) and N = 7383 (2017/2018) articles increased to 29.1% and 16.1% in 2017/2018, respectively. While most female authorships were continuously observed in medium-impact journals, the strongest increase occurred for both female FA (AOR 2.0; p < .0001) and SA (AOR 2.1; p < .0001) in low-impact journals. Female SA published significantly more often in a low- (AOR 1.5) or medium- (AOR 1.8) than in a high-ranking journal. Among the high-ranking journals, female FA published most frequently in European Radiology (32.4%; 95% CI [29.3–35.8]; p < .0001), female SA in Investigative Radiology (15.9%; 95% CI [13.7–18.4]; p < .0001). Male same-sex authorships decreased (AOR 0.9), but remained at least twice as common as all-female or mixed authorships. Conclusion The increase in female authorship is reflected in all impact areas. Female FA and SA increased most in low-ranking journals but are most common in medium-ranking journals. Female SA remain rare, especially in high impact journals. Key Points • Compared to the proportion of female radiologists worldwide, female senior authors are underrepresented in all impact areas, in particular in high-impact journals. • Among the included high-ranking radiological journals, female first authors and senior authors were strongest represented in European Radiology and Investigative Radiology, while across all impact areas they mostly published in medium-ranking journals. • Female author combinations were more frequent in low- and medium- than in high-ranking journals, whereas male author combinations remained more common than female senior author collaborations in all impact areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Molwitz
- University Medicine Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jin Yamamura
- University Medicine Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ann-Kathrin Ozga
- University Medicine Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ilka Wedekind
- University Medicine Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thai-An Nguyen
- University Medicine Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Liesa Wolf
- University Medicine Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Minobu Kamo
- University Medicine Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistraße 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
- St. Luke's International Hospital, 9-1 Akashi-cho, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-8560, Japan
| | - Jing Zhao
- Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elif Can
- Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Keller
- Charité Universitaetsmedizin Berlin corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Cheng JL, Dibble EH, Baird GL, Gordon LL, Hyun H. Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion in Academic Nuclear Medicine: National Survey of Nuclear Medicine Residency Program Directors. J Nucl Med 2021; 62:1207-1213. [PMID: 33893194 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.260711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A diverse health-care workforce is a necessary component of equitable care delivery to an increasingly diverse U.S. population. In nuclear medicine (NM), there is a paucity of data on the numbers of women and members of racial and ethnic groups that are underrepresented in medicine in the United States (URiMs). This study sought to characterize the current state of women and URiMs in academic NM, describe the demographics of Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)-accredited NM residency program faculty and trainees, and assess the extent of NM exposure during medical school. Methods: This study was reviewed by the Institutional Review Board and deemed exempt. In this cross-sectional study, a link to an online 15-item survey was emailed to 41 ACGME-accredited NM residency program directors (PDs) in the United States. Data were collected between September 2018 and December 2018 using a secure web application that serves as an electronic data capture tool for research studies. Results: 23 of 41 (56.1%) PDs responded to the survey, 18 of 23 (78.3%) of whom were men and 5 of 23 (21.7%) women. Three of 23 (13.0%) PDs reported being URiMs. Of the 60 residents in the 23 NM residency programs whose PDs responded, 37 of 60 (61.7%) were men (7/37 [18.9%] URiMs) and 23 of 60 (38.3%) women (5/23 [21.7%] URiMs). Fourteen of 60 (23.3%) residents were U.S. medical school graduates (U.S. grads). PDs described demographics of 121 current NM faculty members: 86 of 121 (71.1%) were men (8/121 [6.6% URIMs] and 35 of 121 (28.9%) women (7/121 (5.8% URiMs). Sixty-five of 121 (53.7%) were U.S. grads. Sixteen of 23 (69.6%) divisional chiefs were men, and 7 of 23 (30.4%) were women. Four of 23 (17.4%) divisional chiefs were URiMs, and 7 of 20 (35.0%) NM PDs reported that NM was part of the medical school curriculum. Conclusion: Women and URiMs are underrepresented in NM training programs. This diversity gap is more pronounced among NM faculty and to an even greater extent in leadership positions. A greater proportion of NM trainees are international medical graduates compared with NM faculty members, suggesting declining NM recruitment among U.S. grads. NM is included in the medical school curriculum at fewer than one third of academic centers with NM residency programs, typically toward the end of medical school. Increased and earlier exposure to NM, especially for women and URiMs, may improve recruitment and mitigate diversity gaps.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn L Cheng
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Elizabeth H Dibble
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island;
| | | | - Leonie L Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; and
| | - Hyewon Hyun
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Daldrup-Link HE, Esposito G, Bhujwalla ZM. Challenges and Initiatives in Diversity, Equity and Inclusion in Cancer Molecular Imaging. Front Oncol 2021; 11:638692. [PMID: 33898312 PMCID: PMC8062743 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.638692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A diverse biomedical workforce is essential to achieve excellence in patient care, clinical translational, and basic research. Diversity, equity, and inclusion challenges in cancer molecular represent a combination of the challenges facing the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) field, and challenges in Radiology and Nuclear Medicine. Although there is a growing awareness of conscious and unconscious bias that negatively affect the cancer imaging world, many challenges remain such as overcoming barriers to entry into the pipeline, avoiding program dropout, and providing long-term career prospect. The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a significant setback and further highlighted problems faced by women and underrepresented minorities. In this perspective, we have identified some of the challenges faced and highlighted ongoing and future initiatives to address these challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heike E Daldrup-Link
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Giuseppe Esposito
- Department of Radiology, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Zaver M Bhujwalla
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Braileanu M, Edney E, Azar S, Lazarow F, Mogensen MA, Tuburan S, Kadom N, Phalke V. Radiology, Sexual Harassment, and the #MeToo Movement. Acad Radiol 2021; 28:564-571. [PMID: 32448411 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2020.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The rise of the #MeToo movement has sparked renewed conversations about sexual harassment in the workplace. All medical fields, including radiology, can benefit from reflecting on workplace culture, reviewing policies, and committing to change. This review provides an overview of the #MeToo movement, describes the prevalence of sexual harassment in medicine and radiology, summarizes barriers to reporting incidents of sexual harassment, evaluates the backlash to the #MeToo movement, and discusses policies and procedures to aid in preventing sexual harassment in the #MeToo era.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Braileanu
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 1364 Clifton Road, Suite BG23, Atlanta, GA 30322.
| | - Elizabeth Edney
- Department of Radiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Shadi Azar
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Frances Lazarow
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Smyrna Tuburan
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Nadja Kadom
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Vaishali Phalke
- Department of Radiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Fichera G, Busch IM, Rimondini M, Motta R, Giraudo C. Is Empowerment of Female Radiologists Still Needed? Findings of a Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041542. [PMID: 33562881 PMCID: PMC7915271 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Considering that radiology is still a male-dominated specialty in which men make up more than two thirds of the workforce, this systematic review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the current role of women in radiological imaging, focusing on the main aspects such as career progression, leadership, academic practice, and perceived discrimination. Three electronic databases were searched up to 21 October 2020. To identify additional records, weekly automatic email alerts were set up on PubMed until December 2020 and reference lists of key studies and included papers were screened. Two reviewers independently performed the search, study selection, quality appraisal, data extraction, and formal narrative synthesis. In case of disagreement, a third reviewer was involved. Across the 61 included articles, women worked more often part-time and held fewer positions of power in hospitals, on editorial boards, and at the academic level (associate and full professors). Women were less often in relevant positions in scientific articles, had fewer publications, and had a lower H-index. Discrimination and sexual harassment were experienced by up to 40% and 47% of female radiologists, respectively. Our study highlights that women in radiology are still underrepresented and play a marginal role in the field, struggling to reach top and leading positions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Fichera
- Department of Medicine–DIMED, Institute of Radiology, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy; (G.F.); (R.M.)
| | - Isolde Martina Busch
- Section of Clinical Psychology, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (I.M.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Michela Rimondini
- Section of Clinical Psychology, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy; (I.M.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Raffaella Motta
- Department of Medicine–DIMED, Institute of Radiology, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy; (G.F.); (R.M.)
| | - Chiara Giraudo
- Department of Medicine–DIMED, Institute of Radiology, University of Padova, 35122 Padova, Italy; (G.F.); (R.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-049-8212357
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Mauskopf S, Fishman EK, Rowe SP, Chu LC. Disrupting the Childcare Industry: Support for Early Career Radiologists and Our Leadership Pipeline. J Am Coll Radiol 2021; 18:884-886. [PMID: 33482118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2020.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elliot K Fishman
- Professor, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Department of Oncology and Department of Surgery. He serves as Director of Diagnostic Imaging and Body CT at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Steven P Rowe
- Associate Professor, Russell H. Morgan, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Linda C Chu
- Associate Professor, Russell H. Morgan, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lebel K, Hillier E, Spalluto LB, Yap W, Keglowitsch K, Darras KE, Yong-Hing CJ. The Status of Diversity in Canadian Radiology-Where We Stand and What Can We Do About It. Can Assoc Radiol J 2020; 72:701-709. [PMID: 33353386 DOI: 10.1177/0846537120978258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiology has been identified as one of the medical specialties with the least gender, racial, and ethnic diversity. Despite the demonstrated benefits of gender and race diversity in medicine and industry, including innovation, empathy and improved patient outcomes, diversity in radiology in Canada is still lacking. In 2019, women represented around 63% of current medical graduates. However, within Canadian radiology practices, only 31.6% of radiologists are women. Women are also underrepresented in academic positions and the widening gender gap is present at higher academic ranks, indicating that women may not advance through academic hierarchies at the same pace as men. Although data on racial diversity in Canadian radiology practices is currently lacking, the representation of visible minorities in the general Canadian population is not reflected across Canadian radiology practices. Similarly, despite the Canadian Truth and Reconciliation Commission calling for action to increase the number of Indigenous healthcare workers, Indigenous people remain underrepresented in medicine and radiology. The importance of increasing diversity in radiology has gained recognition in recent years. Many solutions and strategies for national associations and radiology departments to improve diversity have been proposed. Leadership commitment is required to implement these programs to increase diversity in radiology in Canada with the ultimate goal of improving patient care. We review the current literature and available data on diversity within radiology in Canada, including the status of gender, race/ethnicity, and Indigenous people. We also present potential solutions to increase diversity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiana Lebel
- 7321University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Hillier
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, 3158University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lucy B Spalluto
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, 12328Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Veterans Health Administration, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Wan Yap
- Abbotsford Regional Hospital and Cancer Centre, Abbotsford, BC, Canada
| | | | - Kathryn E Darras
- Faculty of Medicine, 8166University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Charlotte J Yong-Hing
- Faculty of Medicine, 8166University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,8144BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
|
40
|
Gilbert F. Ten lessons of leadership: reflections of a female academic. Clin Radiol 2020; 75:799-803. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2020.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
41
|
Maddu K, Amin P, Jalal S, Mauricio C, Norbash A, Ho ML, Sanelli PC, Ali IT, Shah S, Abujudeh H, Nicolaou S, Bencardino J, Khosa F. Gender Disparity in Radiology Society Committees and Leadership in North America and Comparison With Other Continents. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2020; 50:835-841. [PMID: 33067072 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate gender distribution in radiology professional society leadership positions. Our study intends to assess and compare the gender distribution among leadership roles and professional society committee memberships of the radiology societies and seek an understanding of potential associations between gender, academic research metrics, institutional academic rank, and leadership roles. METHODS We identified radiology professional society committee members to assess relative gender composition in 28 radiology societies in North America, Europe, and Australia/New Zealand. The research metrics were obtained from the SCOPUS database and demographics and institutional affiliation through institutional websites' internet searches. Gender distribution by academic ranks and other discontinuous variables were analyzed using the Chi-Square test. Wallis tests. RESULTS Of the 3011 members of society committees, 67.9% were male, and 32.1% female. Among all the society members, the data showed that the proportion of committee members holding leadership positions was comparable between males (25.7%) and females (22.5%). However, when we did a subgroup analysis and disaggregated the data by leadership positions, we noted that among those who held the leadership positions, the proportion of males was more significant (n = 526, 70.7%) compared to females (n = 218, 29.3%). Overall, males had higher median publications, citations, H-indices, and active years of research (P< 0.0001). At all university academic ranks, men outnumbered females (P = 0.0015, Chi-square 15.38), with the most considerable disparity at the rank of professor (71.9% male, 28.1% female, P = 0.0003). CONCLUSION There was male predominance amongst committee members in radiology societies. Our study found no significant differences between those in leadership positions, suggesting that once a member of a committee, females are equally likely as males to attain leadership positions. Analysis of committee members' academic rank and committee leaders demonstrated underrepresentation of females at higher academic ranks, and males overall had higher research metrics than females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Maddu
- Department of Radiology, Emory University Hospital, GA.
| | - Parthiv Amin
- Department of Radiology, Emory University Hospital, GA
| | - Sabeena Jalal
- Department of Radiology, Emory University Hospital, GA
| | | | | | - Mai-Lan Ho
- Department of Radiology, Emory University Hospital, GA
| | | | - Ismail T Ali
- Department of Radiology, Emory University Hospital, GA
| | - Samad Shah
- Department of Radiology, Emory University Hospital, GA
| | - Hani Abujudeh
- Department of Radiology, Emory University Hospital, GA
| | | | | | - Faisal Khosa
- Department of Radiology, Emory University Hospital, GA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sadigh G, Duszak R, Macura KJ, Rosenkrantz AB. Gender Differences in Modality Interpretation Among Radiologists: An Exploratory Study of Occupational Horizontal Segregation. Acad Radiol 2020; 27:710-714. [PMID: 31281081 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2019.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Occupational "horizontal segregation," defined as disparity in the distribution of responsibilities between genders, could discourage women from seeking careers in radiology, as well as impact women within radiology in terms of compensation, promotion, and career advancement. We aimed to explore the existence of horizontal workplace segregation in radiology, as potentially manifested as intergender differences in the distribution of clinical work effort among imaging modalities for radiologists. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medicare-participating general radiologists, neuroradiologists, abdominal, cardiothoracic, and musculoskeletal radiologists were identified from the 2016 Medicare Physician and Other Supplier Public Use File. Work effort in radiography, ultrasound, CT, and MRI was stratified by gender. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed. RESULTS 22,445 radiologists were included (19.0% female; 19.6% in academic practices). At univariable analysis, female (vs. male) generalists had lower work effort in MRI (10.2% vs. 13.2%) (p < 0.001); abdominal radiologists had higher work effort in ultrasound (27.1% vs. 21.9%), with lower work effort in CT (53.7%. vs. 56.0%) and MRI (8.1%. vs. 9.4%) (p < 0.001); and musculoskeletal radiologists had higher work effort in radiography (41.6% vs. 34.8%) and less in MRI (44.8% vs. 49.6%) (p = 0.007). In multivariable analyses, female gender was independently associated with lower work effort in advanced imaging (CT and MRI) for generalists (coefficient, -0.020; p < 0.001), abdominal radiologists (coefficient, -0.042; p < 0.001), and neuroradiologists (coefficient -0.010; p = 0.035). CONCLUSION Horizontal occupational segregation exists in radiology with female radiologists devoting lower work effort to advanced imaging modalities. Further investigation is warranted to better understand the sources and downstream implications of such variation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gelareh Sadigh
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, 1364 Clifton Rd NE, Suite BG20 GA 30322.
| | - Richard Duszak
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, 1364 Clifton Rd NE, Suite BG20 GA 30322
| | - Katarzyna J Macura
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Counter WB, Khurshid K, Jalal S, Castillo M, White AM, Otero HJ, Nicolaou S, Khosa F. Gender Differences Among Academic Pediatric Radiology Faculty in the United States and Canada. Acad Radiol 2020; 27:575-581. [PMID: 31371209 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2019.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is currently unknown whether efforts in recent years to create equal opportunities for female faculty in academic medicine have succeeded. We looked at faculty members in academic pediatric radiology departments across the United States and Canada to assess for evidence of gender disparities and differences in academic performance between males and females. METHODS The analysis included diagnostic radiology programs across the United States and Canada, as specified by the American Medical Association's Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database (FREIDA Online) and the Canadian Resident Matching Service website. The Scopus database was used to retrieve the H-index, number of publications, and number of citations for each faculty member. We examined the distribution of male and female faculty members across geographical regions, academic ranks, and leadership roles. Academic performance was also compared. RESULTS Across all regions and academic ranks, disparities exist between the number of male and female faculty members. The greatest disparity was found amongst the professor rank, where more than 70% of positions were occupied by males. Female professors were found to demonstrate similar levels of academic performance compared to their male counterparts, although this parity was not observed amongst assistant and associate professors. CONCLUSION Women occupied almost half (46.6%) of the total academic pediatric radiology workforce, despite having been previously shown to make up only 21% of radiologists. However, gender disparities currently exist among academic pediatric radiology faculty, with a significantly higher percentage of men in pediatric radiology faculty positions. Women, however, currently occupy a greater percentage of leadership positions compared to men, even though the majority of senior academic ranks are held by men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- William B Counter
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kiran Khurshid
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, 899 12th Avenue W, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Sabeena Jalal
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, 899 12th Avenue W, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Mauricio Castillo
- Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ammie M White
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hansel J Otero
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Savvas Nicolaou
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, 899 12th Avenue W, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Faisal Khosa
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, 899 12th Avenue W, Vancouver, British Columbia V5Z 1M9, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Women in focus: advice from the front lines on how to enable well-being and build resilience. Insights Imaging 2020; 11:55. [PMID: 32232670 PMCID: PMC7105531 DOI: 10.1186/s13244-020-00858-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The 2019 European Congress of Radiology program, “Women in Focus: Be Inspired,” offered insights from successful women and men for overcoming a number of everyday work and personal life challenges. With regard to balancing career and personal life and achieving well-being, the advice of female and male radiology leaders on the front lines, throughout the world, shares common themes. This paper highlights and expands on points of advice and encouragement from the “Women in Focus” program. The first step is to know yourself, so you can set priorities. Then, take charge, be brave, and follow your dreams, which may not be the same as other people’s. Finding balance requires examining your goals and acknowledging that you may not be able to get everything you want all at once. Receiving effective mentorship from numerous sources is key, as is finding an environment that supports your growth. It is important to surround yourself both at work and at home with people who support your ideas and give you a sense of peace, well-being, and resilience. If the culture does not fit, have the courage to move on. Current leaders should reach out to ensure the diversity of future teams. Society benefits, radiology benefits, and our patients benefit from a specialty that values equity, diversity, and inclusiveness.
Collapse
|
45
|
Grimm LJ, Redmond RA, Campbell JC, Rosette AS. Gender and Racial Bias in Radiology Residency Letters of Recommendation. J Am Coll Radiol 2020; 17:64-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
46
|
[How can we win women for radiology and keep them?]. Radiologe 2019; 60:150-153. [PMID: 31807793 DOI: 10.1007/s00117-019-00612-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
47
|
Kubik-Huch RA, Vilgrain V, Krestin GP, Reiser MF, Attenberger UI, Muellner AU, Hess CP, Hricak H. Women in radiology: gender diversity is not a metric-it is a tool for excellence. Eur Radiol 2019; 30:1644-1652. [PMID: 31802213 PMCID: PMC7033068 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-019-06493-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Women in Focus: Be Inspired was a unique programme held at the 2019 European Congress of Radiology that was structured to address a range of topics related to gender and healthcare, including leadership, mentoring and the generational progression of women in medicine. In most countries, women constitute substantially fewer than half of radiologists in academia or private practice despite frequently accounting for at least half of medical school enrolees. Furthermore, the proportion of women decreases at higher academic ranks and levels of leadership, a phenomenon which has been referred to as a "leaky pipeline". Gender diversity in the radiologic workplace, including in academic and leadership positions, is important for the present and future success of the field. It is a tool for excellence that helps to optimize patient care and research; moreover, it is essential to overcome the current shortage of radiologists. This article reviews the current state of gender diversity in academic and leadership positions in radiology internationally and explores a wide range of potential reasons for gender disparities, including the lack of role models and mentorship, unconscious bias and generational changes in attitudes about the desirability of leadership positions. Strategies for both individuals and institutions to proactively increase the representation of women in academic and leadership positions are suggested. KEY POINTS: • Gender-diverse teams perform better. Thus, gender diversity throughout the radiologic workplace, including in leadership positions, is important for the current and future success of the field. • Though women now make up roughly half of medical students, they remain underrepresented among radiology trainees, faculty and leaders. • Factors leading to the gender gap in academia and leadership positions in Radiology include a lack of role models and mentors, unconscious biases, other societal barriers and generational changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahel A Kubik-Huch
- Department of Medical Services, Institute of Radiology, Kantonsspital Baden, CH-5404, Baden, Switzerland
| | - Valérie Vilgrain
- APHP, HUPNVS, Hôpital Beaujon, 100 bd General Leclerc, 92110, Clichy, France.,Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Gabriel P Krestin
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine at Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Room Ne-515k, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maximilian F Reiser
- Department of Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrike I Attenberger
- Institute of Clinical Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mannheim, Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-3, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Ada U Muellner
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, c-278, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Christopher P Hess
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, 505 Parnassus Avenue, Room M-392, UCSF, Box 0628, San Francisco, CA, 94143-0628, USA
| | - Hedvig Hricak
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, c-278, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Hricak H, Kubik-Huch RA, Menu Y. Closing the gender gap in academic radiology: reasons for hope? Eur Radiol 2019; 30:1008-1010. [PMID: 31797076 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-019-06456-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This Editorial Comment refers to the article by Bernard C. et al, Gender gap in articles published in European Radiology and CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology: evolution between 2002 and 2016, European Radiology, doi: 10.1007/s00330-019-06390-7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hedvig Hricak
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, C-278, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - Rahel A Kubik-Huch
- Institute of Radiology, Department of Medical Services, Kantonsspital Baden, CH-5404, Baden, Switzerland
| | - Yves Menu
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Saint Antoine Hospital, APHP-Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
O'Neill SB, Maddu K, Jalal S, Yeo S, Khurshid K, Qamar SR, Nicolaou S, Khosa F. Gender Disparity in Chest Radiology in North America. Curr Probl Diagn Radiol 2019; 50:18-22. [PMID: 31732263 DOI: 10.1067/j.cpradiol.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In the current cultural climate, gender disparity is a topical and contentious issue. In academic medicine, there is an underrepresentation of female faculty in leadership positions with lower research output and fewer grant awards. We study the gender differences in faculty rank, leadership positions, and research output among chest radiologists in North America. MATERIALS AND METHODS A list of clinical faculty at radiology programs in North America was obtained using the FREIDA database and program websites. Demographic information and data pertaining to academic rank, peer-reviewed publications, and research productivity of each chest radiologist was obtained from Doximity and SCOPUS databases. RESULTS Four hundred ten (281 male:129 female) academic chest radiologists were included. Females were underrepresented at senior faculty level accounting for 18.8% (n = 21) of full, 29.2% (n = 21) of associate and 40.7% (n = 61) of assistant professors. 23.1% (n = 14) of department chiefs were women. Women were more likely to occupy a faculty position in chest radiology in Canada than in US (P < 0.05). The median H-index, and numbers of publications and citations were lower for females than male faculty (P < 0.05). Male faculty had more years of experience - median of 19 years, 16.5 years for females (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Gender disparity exists in chest radiology with similar male predominance in terms of senior faculty rank, leadership roles, and research productivity to other medical specialties. The observed deficiency of research and scholarly output among female chest radiologists and the paucity of aspirational female radiologists in senior academic/leadership positions are factors which perpetuate this gender disparity and contribute to persistence of the gender pay gap.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siobhán B O'Neill
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kiran Maddu
- Department of Radiology, Emory University Hospital, Atlanta, GA.
| | - Sabeena Jalal
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sarah Yeo
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kiran Khurshid
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sadia Rasheed Qamar
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Savas Nicolaou
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Faisal Khosa
- Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Bernard C, Pommier R, Vilgrain V, Ronot M. Gender gap in articles published in European Radiology and CardioVascular and Interventional Radiology: evolution between 2002 and 2016. Eur Radiol 2019; 30:1011-1019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00330-019-06390-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|