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Garcia Valencia OA, Thongprayoon C, Miao J, Suppadungsuk S, Krisanapan P, Craici IM, Jadlowiec CC, Mao SA, Mao MA, Leeaphorn N, Budhiraja P, Cheungpasitporn W. Empowering inclusivity: improving readability of living kidney donation information with ChatGPT. Front Digit Health 2024; 6:1366967. [PMID: 38659656 PMCID: PMC11039889 DOI: 10.3389/fdgth.2024.1366967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Addressing disparities in living kidney donation requires making information accessible across literacy levels, especially important given that the average American adult reads at an 8th-grade level. This study evaluated the effectiveness of ChatGPT, an advanced AI language model, in simplifying living kidney donation information to an 8th-grade reading level or below. Methods We used ChatGPT versions 3.5 and 4.0 to modify 27 questions and answers from Donate Life America, a key resource on living kidney donation. We measured the readability of both original and modified texts using the Flesch-Kincaid formula. A paired t-test was conducted to assess changes in readability levels, and a statistical comparison between the two ChatGPT versions was performed. Results Originally, the FAQs had an average reading level of 9.6 ± 1.9. Post-modification, ChatGPT 3.5 achieved an average readability level of 7.72 ± 1.85, while ChatGPT 4.0 reached 4.30 ± 1.71, both with a p-value <0.001 indicating significant reduction. ChatGPT 3.5 made 59.26% of answers readable below 8th-grade level, whereas ChatGPT 4.0 did so for 96.30% of the texts. The grade level range for modified answers was 3.4-11.3 for ChatGPT 3.5 and 1-8.1 for ChatGPT 4.0. Conclusion Both ChatGPT 3.5 and 4.0 effectively lowered the readability grade levels of complex medical information, with ChatGPT 4.0 being more effective. This suggests ChatGPT's potential role in promoting diversity and equity in living kidney donation, indicating scope for further refinement in making medical information more accessible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar A. Garcia Valencia
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Charat Thongprayoon
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Jing Miao
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Supawadee Suppadungsuk
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
| | - Pajaree Krisanapan
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Thammasat University Hospital, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Iasmina M. Craici
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Caroline C. Jadlowiec
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Shennen A. Mao
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Transplant, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Michael A. Mao
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Napat Leeaphorn
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Pooja Budhiraja
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Wisit Cheungpasitporn
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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Longhurst GJ, Bazira PJ, Finn GM. Student's perspectives of inclusive practices in anatomy education. Anat Sci Educ 2024; 17:571-590. [PMID: 38372435 DOI: 10.1002/ase.2388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
There is a drive to implement inclusive practices in anatomy by adapting curricula and utilizing inclusive language and resources that negate biases. However, to date there is no data regarding student's perception of inclusivity. Therefore, the study aims to investigate anatomy student's opinions on inclusive practices in anatomy education based on the protected characteristics of age, disability, ethnicity, gender affirmation and sex. One hundred and forty-five students completed a questionnaire with 21 Likert-scale and two open-ended questions. Kruskal-Wallis tests compared responses by groups defined by the protected characteristics of the Equality Act (2010). Most students (71.2%; n = 84) agreed or strongly agreed that "improving inclusivity in anatomy education should be educator's priority". In terms of representation, there was a statistically different response rate from students from different ethnic backgrounds to the statements "there are anatomy educators" (p < 0.001), "images in textbooks" (p < 0.001) and "models in the dissection room" (p < 0.001) "that look like me". Most students agreed or strongly agreed to statements relating to the protected characteristics of age (70.4%; n = 68), disability (78.6%; n = 77), ethnicity (59.8%; n = 64), gender affirmation (46.3%; n = 46) and sex (51.5%; n = 62). Themes identified relating to improving inclusivity included "reflecting reality", "teaching the truth", "the invisibility of women" and the "learning environment". Students have confirmed that anatomists, as gatekeepers of the knowledge of the human body, should foster inclusive teaching practices that will benefit all students and potentially future patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter J Bazira
- Centre for Anatomical and Human Sciences, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Kingston upon Hull, UK
| | - Gabrielle Maria Finn
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Hilton A, Megson M, Aryankhesal A, Blake J, Rook G, Irvine A, Um J, Killett A, Maidment I, Loke Y, van Horik J, Fox C. What really is nontokenistic fully inclusive patient and public involvement/engagement in research? Health Expect 2024; 27:e14012. [PMID: 38488441 PMCID: PMC10941587 DOI: 10.1111/hex.14012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Patient and public involvement and engagement (PPIE) is critically important in healthcare research. A useful starting point for researchers to understand the scope of PPIE is to review the definition from the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) as, 'research being carried out "with" or "by" members of the public rather than "to", "about" or "for" them'. PPIE does not refer to participation in research, but to actively shaping its direction. The 'Effectiveness of a decision support tool to optimise community-based tailored management of sleep for people living with dementia or mild cognitive impairment (TIMES)' study is funded through the NIHR programme grant for applied research. TIMES has thoroughly embraced PPIE by ensuring the person's voice is heard, understood, and valued. This editorial showcases how the TIMES project maximised inclusivity, and we share our experiences and top tips for other researchers. We base our reflections on the six key UK standards for public involvement; Inclusive Opportunities, Working Together, Support and Learning, Communications, Impact and Governance. We present our work, which had been co-led by our PPIE leads, academics and partners including, together in dementia everyday, Innovations in Dementia, The UK Network of Dementia Voices (Dementia Engagement & Empowerment Project) and Liverpool Chinese Wellbeing. We have a Lived Experience Advisory Forum on Sleep, which includes people with dementia, family carers, representatives of the South Asian Community and the Chinese community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Hilton
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Paramedical Peri‐Operative and Advanced PracticeUniversity of HullHullUK
| | - Molly Megson
- Academy of Primary Care, Hull York Medical SchoolUniversity of HullHullUK
| | - Aidin Aryankhesal
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Health SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
| | - Jessica Blake
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Health SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
| | | | | | - Jinpil Um
- University of Exeter Medical SchoolExeterUK
| | - Anne Killett
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Health SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
| | - Ian Maidment
- Aston Pharmacy School, College of Health and Life SciencesAston UniversityBirminghamUK
| | - Yoon Loke
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, School of Health SciencesUniversity of East AngliaNorwichUK
| | | | - Chris Fox
- University of Exeter Medical SchoolExeterUK
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Fuller MJ, Mix MR, Voigt E, Hoffmann DS, Geyer PK. Guidelines for organizing accessible and inclusive research retreats. Trends Biochem Sci 2024; 49:277-279. [PMID: 38184399 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2023.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Research retreats are elements of scientific graduate training programs. Although expected to provide strong educational value, some students are reluctant to attend. Here, we identify participation barriers and provide guidelines for retreat design that minimize obstacles and establish an inclusive environment to improve attendance and enrichment for all attendees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret J Fuller
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Madison R Mix
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Immunology Graduate Training Program, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Ellen Voigt
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Cancer Biology Graduate Training Program, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Darren S Hoffmann
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Pamela K Geyer
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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Arenas-Castro H, Berdejo-Espinola V, Chowdhury S, Rodríguez-Contreras A, James ARM, Raja NB, Dunne EM, Bertolino S, Emidio NB, Derez CM, Drobniak SM, Fulton GR, Henao-Diaz LF, Kaur A, Kim CJS, Lagisz M, Medina I, Mikula P, Narayan VP, O'Bryan CJ, Oh RRY, Ovsyanikova E, Pérez-Hämmerle KV, Pottier P, Powers JS, Rodriguez-Acevedo AJ, Rozak AH, Sena PHA, Sockhill NJ, Tedesco AM, Tiapa-Blanco F, Tsai JS, Villarreal-Rosas J, Wadgymar SM, Yamamichi M, Amano T. Academic publishing requires linguistically inclusive policies. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20232840. [PMID: 38471557 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.2840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Scientific knowledge is produced in multiple languages but is predominantly published in English. This practice creates a language barrier to generate and transfer scientific knowledge between communities with diverse linguistic backgrounds, hindering the ability of scholars and communities to address global challenges and achieve diversity and equity in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM). To overcome those barriers, publishers and journals should provide a fair system that supports non-native English speakers and disseminates knowledge across the globe. We surveyed policies of 736 journals in biological sciences to assess their linguistic inclusivity, identify predictors of inclusivity, and propose actions to overcome language barriers in academic publishing. Our assessment revealed a grim landscape where most journals were making minimal efforts to overcome language barriers. The impact factor of journals was negatively associated with adopting a number of inclusive policies whereas ownership by a scientific society tended to have a positive association. Contrary to our expectations, the proportion of both open access articles and editors based in non-English speaking countries did not have a major positive association with the adoption of linguistically inclusive policies. We proposed a set of actions to overcome language barriers in academic publishing, including the renegotiation of power dynamics between publishers and editorial boards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Arenas-Castro
- School of the Environment, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Shawan Chowdhury
- School of the Environment, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Department of Ecosystem Services, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Sachsen, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
| | | | - Aubrie R M James
- Department of Architecture, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139-4307, USA
| | - Nussaïbah B Raja
- GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - Emma M Dunne
- GeoZentrum Nordbayern, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Bayern, Germany
| | - Sandro Bertolino
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Italy
| | - Nayara Braga Emidio
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chantelle M Derez
- School of the Environment, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Szymon M Drobniak
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Jgaiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Graham R Fulton
- School of the Environment, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Environmental and Conservation Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA 6150, Australia
| | | | - Avneet Kaur
- School of the Environment, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Catherine J S Kim
- School of the Environment, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Malgorzata Lagisz
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Iliana Medina
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Mikula
- Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Praha, Praha 12844, Czech Republic
- Technical University of Munich, Munchen, Bayern, Germany
| | - Vikram P Narayan
- School of the Environment, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
| | - Christopher J O'Bryan
- School of the Environment, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rachel Rui Ying Oh
- School of the Environment, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Ecosystem Services, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Sachsen, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
| | | | | | - Patrice Pottier
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jennifer Sarah Powers
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55108, USA
| | | | - Andes Hamuraby Rozak
- National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta Pusat, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia
- Research Center for Plant Conservation, Botanic Gardens, and Forestry, National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia, Bogor 16911, Indonesia
| | - Pedro H A Sena
- Centro de Pesquisas Ambientais do Nordeste, Recife, Brazil
| | - Nicola J Sockhill
- School of the Environment, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Anazélia M Tedesco
- School of the Environment, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Jo-Szu Tsai
- Department of Biological Resources, National Chiayi University, Chiayi City 600, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Masato Yamamichi
- Center for Frontier Research, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Amano
- School of the Environment, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Bertulfo MCP, Kirkcaldy RD, Franzke LH, Papagari Sangareddy SR, Reza F. Advancing Data Science Among the Federal Public Health Workforce: The Data Science Upskilling Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. J Public Health Manag Pract 2024; 30:E41-E46. [PMID: 38271110 PMCID: PMC10860639 DOI: 10.1097/phh.0000000000001865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Data can guide decision-making to improve the health of communities, but potential for use can only be realized if public health professionals have data science skills. However, not enough public health professionals possess the quantitative data skills to meet growing data science needs, including at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). PROGRAM The Data Science Upskilling (DSU) program increases data science literacy among staff and fellows working and training at CDC. The DSU program was established in 2019 as a team-based, project-driven, on-the-job applied upskilling program. Learners, within interdisciplinary teams, use curated learning resources to advance their CDC projects. The program has rapidly expanded from upskilling 13 teams of 31 learners during 2019-2020 to upskilling 36 teams of 143 learners during 2022-2023. EVALUATION All 2022-2023 cohort respondents to the end-of-project survey reported the program increased their data science knowledge. In addition, 90% agreed DSU improved their data science skills, 93% agreed it improved their confidence making data science decisions, and 96% agreed it improved their ability to perform data science work that benefits CDC. DISCUSSION DSU is an innovative, inclusive, and successful approach to improving data science literacy at CDC. DSU may serve as an upskilling model for other organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Catherine P Bertulfo
- Public Health Workforce Branch, Division of Workforce Development, National Center for State, Territorial, Local, and Tribal Public Health Infrastructure and Workforce (Ms Bertulfo and Drs Kirkcaldy and Franzke); Office of Science (Dr Papagari Sangareddy); and Informatics and Data Analytics Branch, Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (Dr Reza), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Stark JE, Cole J. Evaluation of Author Instructions for Inclusive Language Guidance in Highly Cited English Language Medical Journals. J Gen Intern Med 2024; 39:272-276. [PMID: 37670067 PMCID: PMC10853092 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-023-08390-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) are at the core of publication ethics, and language around DEI has been shown to affect patient outcomes. Inclusive language is an important piece of effective communication and is one way to demonstrate and foster a welcoming, respectful, and accessible environment. Non-inclusive terminology in research may represent implicit bias, which is not typically corrected through introspection; thus, a systematic approach is needed in scientific writing. The prevalence of inclusive language guidance in leading medical journals is currently unknown. OBJECTIVE Investigators assess the prevalence and quality of inclusive language guidelines in author instructions in highly cited English language medical journals. DESIGN A cross-sectional review of author instructions from a convenience sample of 100 highly cited medical journals was completed in January 2023. SUBJECTS Each journal's author instructions were reviewed for presence of inclusive language guidelines for manuscript submissions. MAIN MEASURES Guidelines that included specific examples of inclusive language were defined as "strong." Author instructions were also reviewed for the Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER) checklist, and each journal's publisher and impact factor (IF) were recorded. KEY RESULTS The 100 journals reviewed had an IF range of 3.0-202.7 with a median IF = 19.5 (IQR 11.95, 38.68), and 28 unique publishers were represented. Inclusive language guidance was provided in 23% of medical journals reviewed. Of those, 20 (86.9%) provided strong guidance. Seven journals also recommended use of the SAGER checklist. CONCLUSION Significant gaps still exist in ensuring use of inclusive language in medical journals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Stark
- Veterans Healthcare System of the Ozarks, 1100 North College Avenue, Fayetteville, AR, 72703, USA.
| | - Jennifer Cole
- Veterans Healthcare System of the Ozarks, 1100 North College Avenue, Fayetteville, AR, 72703, USA
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De Jesús-Romero R, Holder-Dixon AR, Buss JF, Lorenzo-Luaces L. Race, Ethnicity, and Other Cultural Background Factors in Trials of Internet-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression: Systematic Review. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e50780. [PMID: 38300699 PMCID: PMC10870215 DOI: 10.2196/50780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing interest in developing scalable interventions, including internet-based cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT), to meet the increasing demand for mental health services. Given the growth in diversity worldwide, it is essential that the clinical trials of iCBT for depression include diverse samples or, at least, report information on the race, ethnicity, or other background indicators of their samples. Unfortunately, the field lacks data on how well diversity is currently reported and represented in the iCBT literature. OBJECTIVE Thus, the main objective of this systematic review was to examine the overall reporting of racial and ethnic identities in published clinical trials of iCBT for depression. We also aimed to review the representation of specific racial and ethnic minoritized groups and the inclusion of alternative background indicators such as migration status or country of residence. METHODS Studies were included if they were randomized controlled trials in which iCBT was compared to a waiting list, care-as-usual, active control, or another iCBT. The included papers also had to have a focus on acute treatment (eg, 4 weeks to 6 months) of depression, be delivered via the internet on a website or a smartphone app and use guided or unguided self-help. Studies were initially identified from the METAPSY database (n=59) and then extended to include papers up to 2022, with papers retrieved from Embase, PubMed, PsycINFO, and Cochrane (n=3). Risk of bias assessment suggested that reported studies had at least some risk of bias due to use of self-report outcome measures. RESULTS A total of 62 iCBT randomized controlled trials representing 17,210 participants are summarized in this study. Out of those 62 papers, only 17 (27%) of the trials reported race, and only 12 (19%) reported ethnicity. Reporting outside of the United States was very poor, with the United States accounting for 15 (88%) out of 17 of studies that reported race and 9 (75%) out of 12 for ethnicity. Out of 3,623 participants whose race was reported in the systematic review, the racial category reported the most was White (n=2716, 74.9%), followed by Asian (n=209, 5.8%) and Black (n=274, 7.6%). Furthermore, only 25 (54%) out of the 46 papers conducted outside of the United States reported other background demographics. CONCLUSIONS It is important to note that the underreporting observed in this study does not necessarily indicate an underrepresentation in the actual study population. However, these findings highlight the poor reporting of race and ethnicity in iCBT trials for depression found in the literature. This lack of diversity reporting may have significant implications for the scalability of these interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robinson De Jesús-Romero
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University - Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Amani R Holder-Dixon
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University - Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - John F Buss
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University - Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Lorenzo Lorenzo-Luaces
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University - Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
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Abstract
After a year of transition to a new publisher, Creative Nursing 2024 will build on our legacy of nurturing novice authors with a Student Article of the Year initiative; presenting courageous discourse as reflected in our overarching theme for the year, The Impact of Social Forces on Nursing and Health; and publishing even more new knowledge in the form of research and discussion of nursing theories and models. This issue's theme, Activism, Advocacy, and Allyship, is exemplified by articles about paths to a nursing workforce that reflect the people we serve, and about concepts such as hygge, dialectical pluralism, acculturative stress, shared decision-making for breast health, nature immersion, iceberg demographics, and self-care in palliative care.
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Thomas JK, Colbert-Getz J, Bonnett R, Sakaeda M, Hurtado JM, Chow C. "What's Next in My Arc of Development?": An Exploratory Study of What Medical Students Need to Care for Patients of Different Backgrounds. Teach Learn Med 2024:1-11. [PMID: 38258421 DOI: 10.1080/10401334.2023.2298860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
PHENOMENON Medical schools must equip future physicians to provide equitable patient care. The best approach, however, is mainly dependent on a medical school's context. Graduating students from our institution have reported feeling ill-equipped to care for patients from "different backgrounds" on the Association of American Medical Colleges' Graduation Questionnaire. We explored how medical students interpret "different patient backgrounds" and what they need to feel prepared to care for diverse patients. APPROACH We conducted an exploratory qualitative case study using focus groups with 11, Year 2 (MS2) and Year 4 (MS4) medical students at our institution. Focus groups were recorded, transcribed, and coded using thematic analysis. We used Bobbie Harro's cycles of socialization and liberation to understand how the entire medical school experience, not solely the curriculum, informs how medical students learn to interact with all patients. FINDINGS We organized our findings into four major themes to characterize students' medical education experience when learning to care for patients of different backgrounds: (1) Understandings of different backgrounds (prior to medical school); (2) Admissions process; (3) Curricular socialization; and (4) Co-curricular (or environmental) socialization. We further divided themes 2, 3, and 4 into two subthemes when learning how to care for patients of different backgrounds: (a) the current state and (b) proposed changes. We anticipate that following the proposed changes will help students feel more prepared to care for patients of differing backgrounds. INSIGHTS Our findings show that preparing medical students to care for diverse patient populations requires a multitude of intentional changes throughout medical students' education. Using Harro's cycles of socialization and liberation as an analytic lens, we identified multiple places throughout medical students' educational experience that are barriers to learning how to care for diverse populations. We propose changes within medical students' education that build upon each other to adequately prepare students to care for patients of diverse backgrounds. Each proposed change culminates into a systemic shift within an academic institution and requires an intentional commitment by administration, faculty, admissions, curriculum, and student affairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie K Thomas
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jorie Colbert-Getz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Rachel Bonnett
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Mariah Sakaeda
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Jessica M Hurtado
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Candace Chow
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Abdelrahman A, Whitney T, Salas NM, Barrett E, Okanlami FO. Changing Policy for Inclusion: Peer-to-Peer Physical Exam Practice in Medical School. Teach Learn Med 2024:1-5. [PMID: 38247443 DOI: 10.1080/10401334.2023.2298865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Issue: Across the United States, the majority of medical schools teach physical examination using some form of peer physical examination (PPE). The process of being physically exposed in the presence of colleagues can be uncomfortable and cause students distress for myriad reasons ranging from religious and cultural practices to body dysmorphia and previous trauma experiences. This is especially problematic in educational systems which offer no other options, or make PPE a requirement of the curriculum.Evidence: Across all U.S. medical schools, trainees spent a median of 59 hours teaching physical examination skills. Of this time, 30% is dedicated to PPE practice. Despite this prevalence, there are data that show some students find this uncomfortable, especially women. Literature on best practices around PPE highlights voluntary participation, informed consent, and an available alternative to learning physical xamination skills. These are not uniformly available in all learning environments. There are little data around the impact of PPE on students who have experienced or are experiencing sexual trauma. Authors have drawn conclusions about the potential for harm given the prevalence of sexual mistreatment in US higher education.Implications: Our medical school policy required students to participate in PPE practice, undressing for the exams wearing only shorts (and a sports bra for women) an and a hospital gown. Students who could not participate in this practice for reasons ranging from mobility to religious beliefs had to seek individual formal accommodations to be exempt, putting the onus of change on potentially vulnerable individuals. We evaluated the policy around PPE, and concluded that the school's requirements could be harmful and isolating, as they required students to disclose their personal vulnerabilities while seeking exemptions from being examined by peers. At our institution, a group of students instead advocated for the school to review the policy and create a PPE procedure that was safer and more inclusive while supporting student learning. Our experience emphasized the potential for students to advocate for change, while also highlighting the need for greater research in the field of trauma-informed curricular design for medical education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allae Abdelrahman
- University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Tegan Whitney
- University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | | | - Eileen Barrett
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Feranmi O Okanlami
- Department of Family Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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12
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Chopra S, Rana S, Patel R, Hamilton T, Dalip A, Malhi P, Camp PG. Diversity in pulmonary rehabilitation clinical trials: a systematic review of the literature. Expert Rev Respir Med 2024; 18:49-58. [PMID: 38410864 DOI: 10.1080/17476348.2024.2324086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Underrepresentation of minority groups in clinical trials may hinder the potential benefits of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) programs for individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of this work was to determine whether participants in PR randomized control trials (RCTs) conducted in the U.S.A., Canada, the UK, and Australia are representative of ethnicity, sex, gender, and sociodemographic characteristics. RESEARCH DESIGN A systematic search was performed for relevant literature from inception to December 2022. Titles and abstracts were screened before undergoing a full article review. Relevant data on reporting of age, sex, gender, ethnicity, and sociodemographic characteristics of participants was extracted. RESULTS Thirty-six RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Only 6% of publications reported on ethnicity, with ≥90% of participants reported as 'White.' All 36 papers reported on age, with the mean between 60 and 69 years old. Thirty-five studies reported on sex (97%), with the majority (67%) reporting more male than female participants. There was no mention of different genders in any paper. Other sociodemographic factors were reported in 7 (19%) papers. CONCLUSIONS Inclusivity and representation in clinical trials are essential to ensure that research findings are generalizable. Clinical trialists need to consider the demographics of today's society during recruitment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunaina Chopra
- Graduate Programs in Rehabilitation Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shivani Rana
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Reenal Patel
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Tessa Hamilton
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Alyssa Dalip
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Paramvir Malhi
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Pat G Camp
- Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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13
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Sorgini A, Istl AC, Downie ML, Kirpalani A. Pride & prejudice: A scoping review of LGBTQ + medical trainee experiences. Med Teach 2024; 46:73-81. [PMID: 37418565 DOI: 10.1080/0142159x.2023.2229503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE LGBTQ + medical trainees experience significant discrimination. These individuals are stigmatized within a hetero- and cis-normative system, resulting in poorer outcomes in mental health and increased stress regarding career trajectory compared with their hetero- and cis-identifying counterparts. However, literature on the barriers experienced during medical training in this marginalized group is limited to small heterogeneous studies. This scoping review collates and explores prominent themes in existing literature on the personal and professional outcomes of LGBTQ + medical trainees. METHODS We searched five library databases (SCOPUS, Ovid-Medline, ERIC, PsycINFO and EMBASE) for studies that investigated LGBTQ + medical trainees' academic, personal, or professional outcomes. Screening and full text review were performed in duplicate, and all authors participated in thematic analysis to determine emerging themes, which were iteratively reviewed to consensus. RESULTS From 1809 records, 45 met inclusion criteria (κ = 0.57). Major themes that emerged in the literature included the prevalence of discrimination and mistreatment faced by LGBTQ + medical trainees from colleagues and superiors, concerns regarding disclosure of sexual and/or gender minority identity, and overall negative impacts on mental health including higher rates of depression, substance use, and suicidal ideation. There was a noted lack of inclusivity in medical education and having an LGBTQ + identity had a large impact on career trajectory. Community with peers and mentors was an important determinant of success and belonging. There was a noteworthy lack of research on intersectionality or positive interventions that improved outcomes for this population. CONCLUSION This scoping review highlighted important barriers facing LGBTQ + medical trainees, identifying substantial gaps in the existing literature. Research on supportive interventions and predictors of training success is lacking and will be important to foster an inclusive education system. These findings provide critical insights for education leaders and researchers to help create and evaluate inclusive and empowering environments for trainees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana Sorgini
- Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Alexandra C Istl
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Mallory L Downie
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Nephrology, Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Amrit Kirpalani
- Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada
- Division of Nephrology, Children's Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
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14
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Kim SY, Shin Y, Kirpalani A. Patterns of Ostracism Experienced by Canadian Medical Trainees of Asian Sub-ethnicities. Teach Learn Med 2023:1-9. [PMID: 38145325 DOI: 10.1080/10401334.2023.2297066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Phenomenon: Ostracism has negative effects on one's fundamental needs. North Americans of Asian ethnicities are at an increased risk of ostracism due to stereotypes labeling them as inherently different to Western cultural norms. We explored Asian Canadian medical trainees' experiences with ostracism during their clinical training. Approach: We conducted semi-structured interviews with 20 medical trainees of Asian ethnicities at 3 Canadian medical schools to explore experiences of ostracism and conducted a thematic analysis guided by the theoretical framework of the temporal need threat model of ostracism. Findings: Participants from East-, South-, and Southeast-Asian sub-ethnic groups completed the study. They voiced experiences of being excluded from clinical and social settings. Ostracism was mainly fueled by systemic racism, power dynamics in medical education, and non-diverse training environments. The model minority myth was a significant contributor to experiences of ostracism. Trainees felt their well-being threatened and many felt resigned to accept ostracism going forward. Insights: Ostracism poses a significant threat to the wellbeing and career progression of Asian Canadian medical trainees. Trainees facing covert ostracism were particularly at risk of entering the resignation stage of hopelessness. This underrecognized problem needs to be addressed by institutions to dismantle harmful stereotypes and prejudiced practices facing these minoritized communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amrit Kirpalani
- Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Nakashyan B, Clabough EBD. Does Insomnia Cause Revenge Seeking Behavior? Using a Puzzle-Based Sleep Lab Educational Escape Room to Teach Circadian Rhythms in a Large Introductory Neuroscience Course. J Undergrad Neurosci Educ 2023; 22:A27-A36. [PMID: 38322401 PMCID: PMC10768815 DOI: 10.59390/zgth8157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Traditional large lecture classes can be passive experiences for students. Instead, imagine that several of those learners work at a sleep laboratory and admit four new patients. Within hours, the entire facility is on lockdown, and a mysterious voice on the intercom proclaims that all researchers will lose their ability to sleep within the next hour. This story is the plot of an interactive educational escape room (EER) where students work together and apply concepts related to the history of sleep research, circadian rhythms, and neurological concepts of sleep to solve puzzles. Conventionally, escape rooms are an entertainment experience that requires participants to escape a room in a limited timeframe. We have created a neuroscience EER designed to educate students about the neural basis of sleep, while providing small groups of students with an immersive and interactive experience. Students follow a specially designed digital escape room framework to review sleep pathways, researchers, and brain regions involved with sleep. Unlike conventional escape rooms that can accommodate a limited number of participants, this sleep lab EER is scalable to hundreds of students without the need for a specialized room. Puzzles are enhanced by digital technology that allows instructors to track the progress of every team and note how the entire classroom is doing. Students and teaching assistants had very positive experiences with this EER activity, reporting that the EER solidified course concepts while using creativity, collaboration, and critical thinking skills. We find that EERs are an easy, useful tool to increase engagement and boost inclusivity within large classroom settings, with potential to also be used as an assessment tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Nakashyan
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904
| | - Erin B D Clabough
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904
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16
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van Klinken M, van Leeuwenhoek A. Palliative and End-of-Life Care for LGBT+ Cancer Patients: Scoping the Problems and Identifying the Solutions. Semin Oncol Nurs 2023; 39:151500. [PMID: 37739865 DOI: 10.1016/j.soncn.2023.151500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES People who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT+) face inequalities in healthcare and are receiving less palliative and end-of-life care than others with a comparable need. Since the global resolution to improve palliative care made by the World Health Assembly, the World Health Organization, and member states, some progress has been made. However, LGBT+ people are discriminated and marginalized, which leads to suboptimal palliative care. Research on the needs of LGBT+ people and their access to palliative care is limited. Therefore, the aim of this discussion article is to scope unique problems around palliative and end-of-life care for LGBT+ people and identify possible solutions to address these problems with direct links to nursing practice. DATA SOURCES Journal articles and author experience were used for this discussion article. CONCLUSION Oncology nurses need to be educated in communication skills, specific assessment tools, and awareness of the history of LGBT+ people. Increasing knowledge for cancer nurses is pivotal because this affects their views, needs, and perceptions in providing palliative and end-of-life care. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE Oncology nurses have a pivotal role in caring for all cancer patients at the end of their life. LGBT+ patients and their caregivers need competent nurses to support them, especially during transitions. Implementing LGBT+-inclusive education, training, and practice will improve outcomes for LGBT cancer patients and their caregivers, and potentially all patients. More research is needed to implement such training in nursing education. ("LGBT+" has been used throughout the article. There are many arguments in favor of using different variations of the acronym, but for purposes of understanding and ease, LGBT+ is the acronym of choice here.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Merel van Klinken
- Department of Oncological Rehabilitation at Novicare, Haarlem, the Netherlands.
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17
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Benitez Fuentes JD. The Missed Opportunity: HIV, Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), and Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Positive Patients in Neoadjuvant and Perioperative Immunotherapy Clinical Trials for Lung Cancer. Cureus 2023; 15:e51265. [PMID: 38161553 PMCID: PMC10755689 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.51265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
This editorial addresses a critical oversight in recent clinical trials on neoadjuvant or perioperative immunotherapy for lung cancer, the exclusion of patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis B virus (HBV). The ethical implications of this exclusion are highlighted, demonstrating how it undermines principles of inclusivity and equity in clinical research. We emphasize the necessity to include these patients to enhance the generalizability of trial findings. We suggest that trial eligibility criteria be revised, and collaborations with patient advocacy groups be initiated to ensure more inclusive future trials. This approach aims to uphold ethical research practices, yielding robust, representative data, and ultimately improving patient care in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier David Benitez Fuentes
- Medical Oncology, Velindre Cancer Centre, Cardiff, GBR
- Medical Oncology, Centro Integral Oncológico Clara Campal (CIOCC) Hospital Universitario HM Sanchinarro, Madrid, ESP
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18
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Dobson R, Stowell M, Warren J, Tane T, Ni L, Gu Y, McCool J, Whittaker R. Use of Consumer Wearables in Health Research: Issues and Considerations. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e52444. [PMID: 37988147 DOI: 10.2196/52444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
As wearable devices, which allow individuals to track and self-manage their health, become more ubiquitous, the opportunities are growing for researchers to use these sensors within interventions and for data collection. They offer access to data that are captured continuously, passively, and pragmatically with minimal user burden, providing huge advantages for health research. However, the growth in their use must be coupled with consideration of their potential limitations, in particular, digital inclusion, data availability, privacy, ethics of third-party involvement, data quality, and potential for adverse consequences. In this paper, we discuss these issues and strategies used to prevent or mitigate them and recommendations for researchers using wearables as part of interventions or for data collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosie Dobson
- School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Institute for Innovation and Improvement, Te Whatu Ora Waitematā, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Melanie Stowell
- School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jim Warren
- School of Computer Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Taria Tane
- School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lin Ni
- School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yulong Gu
- School of Health Sciences, Stockton University, Galloway, NJ, United States
| | - Judith McCool
- School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Robyn Whittaker
- School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Institute for Innovation and Improvement, Te Whatu Ora Waitematā, Auckland, New Zealand
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19
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Abraham J, Panchal K, Varshney L, Lakshmi Narayan K, Rahman S. Gender Disparities in First Authorship in Publications Related to Attention Deficit Hyperkinetic Disorder (ADHD) and Artificial Intelligence (AI). Cureus 2023; 15:e49714. [PMID: 38161901 PMCID: PMC10757506 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.49714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The medical profession has experienced a significant increase in the number of women practitioners in recent decades, leading to a reduction in the gender gap. According to the United States Medical Association, approximately 25% of physicians in the United States are now women. Although this progress is evident in the clinical setting, women's representation in academic medicine remains disproportionately low. The underrepresentation of women in academia has various consequences, including limited access to academic resources and hindered career growth. Previous studies have attempted to analyze these disparities, but results have been inconsistent, and the issue's complexity has not been fully understood. This study aims to examine the disparity in the gender of first authors in academic publications related to " Artificial intelligence (AI) and Attention Deficit Hyperkinetic Disorder (ADHD)" between 2010 and 2023. Analysis was conducted on June 21st, 2023, using the database PubMed. The search term "AI" AND "ADHD" was used to derive all articles over a period of 13 years, from January 1st, 2010, to December 31st, 2022, excluding the year 2023 due to limited available publications. The relevant articles were downloaded in Microsoft Excel sheets. The gender of the first authors was determined using the NamSor app V.2, an application programming interface (API) with a large dataset of names and countries of origin. A total of 204 articles were considered for this study. There were 78 female first authors and 126 male first authors. The highest number of publications with a male first author occurred in 2022, with 32 publications. The Netherlands, Singapore, Turkey, and China have the highest gender ratios, indicating a more favourable representation of both genders. The p-value of 0.2664 suggests that there is no significant association between gender and country. The findings revealed a gender disparity, with a higher number of male first authors. By addressing and rectifying these disparities, we can enhance the overall quality, diversity, and inclusivity of research in the field of ADHD and Artificial Intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeby Abraham
- General Medicine, Yenepoya Medical College, Mangalore, IND
| | - Kashyap Panchal
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, American University of Barbados, St. Michael, BRB
| | - Leena Varshney
- Preventive Medicine, Windsor University School of Medicine, Troy, USA
| | | | - Saman Rahman
- Internal Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belagavi, IND
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20
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McGlothen-Bell K, Greene MZ, Hunt G, Crawford AD. Intersectional Examination of Gender-Inclusive Care and Women's Health. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2023; 52:442-453. [PMID: 37699533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogn.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Transgender and gender-nonconforming people remain excluded from women's health spaces, and nurses with expertise in women's health best serve their needs when they seek sexual, reproductive, gynecologic, or obstetric care. However, commentary regarding the term "women" and exclusionary policies and behaviors in health care marginalize gender-nonconforming patients and contribute to health disparities. Therefore, the purpose of this article is twofold. First, we review terminology related to gender-nonconforming populations and their known health care needs; provide a brief historical overview of gender and health care; and describe the influence of White supremacist, misogynist, and heteronormative influences in women's health care. Second, we generate a call to action and specifically discuss the responsibilities of nurses and nursing organizations to ensure the provision of gender-equitable and respectful care and generate clinical recommendations for the specialty.
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21
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Fareed N, Swoboda C, Wang Y, Strouse R, Hoseus J, Baker C, Joseph JJ, Venkatesh K. An Evidence-Based Framework for Creating Inclusive and Personalized mHealth Solutions-Designing a Solution for Medicaid-Eligible Pregnant Individuals With Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes. JMIR Diabetes 2023; 8:e46654. [PMID: 37824196 PMCID: PMC10603563 DOI: 10.2196/46654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Mobile health (mHealth) apps can be an evidence-based approach to improve health behavior and outcomes. Prior literature has highlighted the need for more research on mHealth personalization, including in diabetes and pregnancy. Critical gaps exist on the impact of personalization of mHealth apps on patient engagement, and in turn, health behaviors and outcomes. Evidence regarding how personalization, engagement, and health outcomes could be aligned when designing mHealth for underserved populations is much needed, given the historical oversights with mHealth design in these populations. This viewpoint is motivated by our experience from designing a personalized mHealth solution focused on Medicaid-enrolled pregnant individuals with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes, many of whom also experience a high burden of social needs. We describe fundamental components of designing mHealth solutions that are both inclusive and personalized, forming the basis of an evidence-based framework for future mHealth design in other disease states with similar contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naleef Fareed
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Christine Swoboda
- Center for the Advancement of Team Science, Analytics, and Systems Thinking, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Yiting Wang
- Department of Research Information Technology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Robert Strouse
- Department of Research Information Technology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | | | | | - Joshua J Joseph
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kartik Venkatesh
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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Abstract
As early-career neuroethicists, we come to the field of neuroethics at a unique moment: we are well-situated to consider nearly two decades of neuroethics scholarship and identify challenges that have persisted across time. But we are also looking squarely ahead, embarking on the next generation of exciting and productive neuroethics scholarship. In this article, we both reflect backwards and turn our gaze forward. First, we highlight criticisms of neuroethics, both from scholars within the field and outside it, that have focused on speculation and lack of skepticism; the dearth of consideration of broader social issues such as justice and equality, both with regard to who speaks for neuroethics as a field and who benefits from its recommendations and findings; and the insufficient focus on the practical impact of our ethical work. Second, we embrace the concept of "translational neuroethics" to outline a vision for neuroethics that is integrated, inclusive, and impactful. Integration can help us identify more pertinent, real-world issues, and move away from speculation; inclusivity can help ensure that the questions we attend to are not merely relevant to a single subgroup but aim toward just distribution of benefits; and impact can help us think beyond guidelines and recommendations to focus on implementation. Our goal is for this call to action to help shape neuroethics into a discipline that develops rigorous research agendas through relationships with interdisciplinary partners, that is broadly inclusive and attends to issues beyond novel neurotechnologies, and that is devoted to the translation of scholarship into practice.
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23
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Flament F, Saint-Leger D. Photoaging's portrait: The road map towards its photoprotection. Int J Cosmet Sci 2023; 45 Suppl 1:33-44. [PMID: 37638664 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To summarize key research published by the author's group, dealing with skin photoaging and its photoprotection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two methodologies (standard photographs and selfies imaging) resulting from referential skin ageing atlases were applied on 2487 subjects of different ancestries, ages and gender. These aimed at first to best assess and grade the variable severities of some facial signs (texture/wrinkles, pigmentary spots, sagging and vascular disorders) that occur progressively during the photoaging process. Second, such methodologies were used to record the benefits brought by a photoprotective regimen (671 women and men). RESULTS In all studied ancestries, each facial sign show an increase severity along decades, at its own pace, some showing a linear like progression, whereas some plateau at early ages. These changes differed according to skin innate colour (phototype) and with individual behaviours vis-à-vis sun exposures, more so among European women than North-East Asian women. An effect of gender (less severe alterations) was observed on Chinese men, as compared to Chinese women. Pigmentary disorders were found hallmarks of photo-aged North-East Asian women. Globally, photoaging impact the apparent age of the different subjects. The counteracting effects of strong topical Photoprotective regimens were evidenced along a 6-month seasonality in Chinese and French women or 1-year period in Brazilian women with phototypes II to VI. Photoprotection led to a more even skin complexion among Indian subjects with pigment irregularities. CONCLUSION Two factors clearly hamper a better assessment of the efficiency of photoprotection of the sun-induced cutaneous ageing: short durations (months) of the studies with regard to the global fate of photoaging by decades and the number of studied subjects, limited to hundreds for practical reasons. The methodology based on the automatic analysis of facial signs through selfies images could theoretically bypass both factors, allowing thousands of subjects to be studied along years.
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Ohta R, Katsube T, Sano C. Importance of Inclusive Education in General Medicine Through the Perception of Medical Trainees: A Thematic Analysis. Cureus 2023; 15:e47585. [PMID: 38021937 PMCID: PMC10666900 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.47585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background General medical education plays a pivotal role in ensuring holistic care in the context of rapidly aging populations. Japan's demographic trends underscore the significance of general medicine in elevating community care standards. Understanding and catering to the aspirations, perceptions, and ideals of medical students and residents can significantly augment the effectiveness of general medicine education. This research aimed to explore the perspectives of medical students on the ideal tenets of general medicine education in rural Japan. Method A qualitative approach was employed, focusing on medical students and residents with a keen interest in general medicine, all of whom underwent training at a rural-based Japanese hospital. Through semi-structured interviews, insightful data were garnered and subsequently subjected to a comprehensive thematic analysis. Results The thematic analysis unearthed three core themes: commitment of educators in valuing learner diversity, promotion and understanding of general medicine, and inclusivity and diversity in educational institutions. The first highlighted the centrality of educators' sincerity, emphasizing the importance of genuine, sustained interactions that foster mutual respect and collaborative learning. The second theme underscored the need to elucidate the intrinsic value and modern-day relevance of general medicine, emphasizing its deep roots in community-based practices and its continuity with long-standing medical traditions. The third theme spotlighted the crucial role of comprehensive medical education in fostering enriching dialogues, embracing varied learning experiences, and capitalizing on the distinctive strengths of educational institutions. Conclusion These findings underscore the pivotal shift required in pedagogical approaches to comprehensive medical education. A genuine collaborative educator-learner relationship, the reframing of general medicine's significance rooted in community welfare, and a strong emphasis on inclusivity and dialogue form the cornerstones of these insights. This study provides a touchstone for restructuring educational strategies, aiming for a more integrated, genuine, and encompassing framework that is particularly vital for the effective propagation of general medicine in regions such as Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chiaki Sano
- Community Medicine Management, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, Izumo, JPN
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Juan-Morera B, Nadal-García I, López-Casanova B, Vicente E. Self-Perception of Inclusion in an Inclusive Choir: An Analysis Using the Scale for the Assessment of Inclusion (SAI). Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:758. [PMID: 37754036 PMCID: PMC10525262 DOI: 10.3390/bs13090758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Inclusion promotes equal opportunities, and aims to eliminate discrimination, by ensuring full access, participation, and representation for all individuals in society, with music playing a crucial role in addressing this global challenge, and fostering positive and inclusive change. The aim of this study is to identify perceptions of inclusive culture, policies, values, and practices in one specific inclusive choir in Spain. The sample consisted of 135 members, ranging from 18 to 79 years of age, of which 22.2% have recognised disabilities. All of them filled in the adapted Scale for the Assessment of Inclusion (SAI) form. The results show that, regardless of gender, age, and length of participation in the choir, their members share positive perceptions of the inclusiveness of its values, policies, practices, and culture. However, perceptions vary across the groups surveyed, and are generally more favourable among participants with a disability, those without a university education, or those aged 26 or over. It is found that people who participate in an inclusive choir, in which music is the mediating resource, perceive a high level of inclusion that allows them to feel they belong to a group where diversity, equality, and the promotion of people are respected. The findings are analysed, considering the importance of conducting multidimensional evaluations that include all members of an organisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja Juan-Morera
- Department of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Education, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (I.N.-G.); (B.L.-C.)
| | - Icíar Nadal-García
- Department of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Education, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (I.N.-G.); (B.L.-C.)
| | - Belén López-Casanova
- Department of Musical, Plastic and Corporal Expression, Faculty of Education, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (I.N.-G.); (B.L.-C.)
| | - Eva Vicente
- Department of Psychology and Sociology, Faculty of Education, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
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Weiman S, Cable J, Greenleaf W, Rundel F, Whitfield KE, Wingate L, Gallagher R, Pesanelli J, Orr D, Jarvis TC, Cadar R, Uva MD, Ruediger D, Vaez R, Frisby A, Ahmed S, Donoviel D, Klinman J, Johnson D. Reimagining scientific conferences-a Keystone Symposia report. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2023; 1527:49-59. [PMID: 37534923 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.15037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Scientific conferences play an important role in advancing research, scholarship, and the careers of emerging scientists. The COVID-19 pandemic offered meeting organizers and researchers alike an opportunity to reimagine what scientific conferences could look like. Virtual conferences can increase inclusivity and accessibility while decreasing costs and carbon emissions. However, it is generally perceived that the digital world fails to adequately recapitulate many of the benefits of in-person face-to-face interactions; these include socializing, and collaborative environments that can forge new research directions and provide critical career development opportunities. On November 15 and 16, 2022, researchers, representatives from diverse scientific conference organizations, leaders in virtual platform technologies, and innovators in conference design gathered online for the Open Access Keystone eSymposium "Reimagining Scientific Conferences." The meeting focused on how conference organizers can leverage lessons from the pandemic and emerging virtual platforms to engage new audiences, rethink strategies for scientific exchange, and decrease the carbon footprint of in-person events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Weiman
- Keystone Symposia on Molecular and Cellular Biology, Silverthorne, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Walter Greenleaf
- Stanford University Virtual Human Interaction Lab, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | | | - Lory Wingate
- National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - Dereck Orr
- Communications Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Thale C Jarvis
- Keystone Symposia on Molecular and Cellular Biology, Silverthorne, Colorado, USA
| | - Raluca Cadar
- The Protein Society, Canyon Country, California, USA
| | - Matthew D' Uva
- American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases, Alexandria, Virginia, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sami Ahmed
- Zoom Video Communications, San Jose, California, USA
| | - Dorit Donoviel
- Translational Research Institute for Space Health, Houston, Texas, USA
- Center for Space Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Judith Klinman
- University of California, Department of Chemistry, Berkeley, California, USA
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, Berkeley, California, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Debbie Johnson
- Keystone Symposia on Molecular and Cellular Biology, Silverthorne, Colorado, USA
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Bell D, Rahman S, Rochon R. (Trans)forming fitness: Intersectionality as a framework for resistance and collective action. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:944782. [PMID: 37564917 PMCID: PMC10410259 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.944782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Fitness is a lifelong pursuit, yet many LGBTQ2S+ individuals are averse to group fitness or experiences in big box gyms. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, virtual fitness programs offered the potential to facilitate opportunities for the greater inclusion of such individuals and the chance to connect, collaborate and advocate for a change in who and what defines fitness. Justice Roe, owner of Fit4AllBodies, utilizes the term fitness industrial complex to provide a framework to discuss the problems of exclusion. His explanation supports research documenting that bodies that are not "the norm", defined by ableism, classism, (hetero)patriarchy and racism, fueled by white supremacy, are oftentimes viewed as "less than" in the fitness and recreation world ( 1- 3). Applying an intersectional framework, this article explores the possibilities for transformative collective action in fitness communities that removes barriers and challenges the injustices that contribute to racialized LGBTQ2S+ individuals feeling unwelcome. With the need to shift to virtual training spaces as a result of a global pandemic, and the rise in the public discourse surrounding racial injustices both on and offline, a sense of belonging and community is important, especially among groups that often face exclusionary practices, such as racialized LGBTQ2S+ community members. These individuals are at greater risk of losing opportunities to access fitness programs that can provide immense health and psychological benefits. What could an intersectional perspective on resistance in sport look like? Using the example of LGBTQ2S+ access to online fitness spaces during the prolonged global COVID-19 pandemic starting in 2020, we suggest that explicit coaching education and intentional communities, centered around social justice, are needed to address the historical roots of systemic oppression, accessibility, and social constructs tied to fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniece Bell
- Indigeneity Diaspora Equity and Anti-Racism in Sport (IDEAS) Research Lab, Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Saidur Rahman
- Indigeneity Diaspora Equity and Anti-Racism in Sport (IDEAS) Research Lab, Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R. Rochon
- Department of Sport Management, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
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Rowland Yeo K, Hatley O, Small BG, Johnson TN. Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modelling to Predict Imatinib Exposures in Cancer Patients with Renal Dysfunction: A Case Study. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1922. [PMID: 37514108 PMCID: PMC10386083 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Imatinib is mainly metabolised by CYP3A4 and CYP2C8 and is extensively bound to α-acid glycoprotein (AAG). A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for imatinib describing the CYP3A4-mediated autoinhibition during multiple dosing in gastrointestinal stromal tumor patients with normal renal function was previously reported. After performing additional verification, the PBPK model was applied to predict the exposure of imatinib after multiple dosing in cancer patients with varying degrees of renal impairment. In agreement with the clinical data, there was a positive correlation between AAG levels and imatinib exposure. A notable finding was that for recovery of the observed data in cancer patients with moderate RI (CrCL 20 to 39 mL/min), reductions of hepatic CYP3A4 and CYP2C8 abundances, which reflect the effects of RI, had to be included in the simulations. This was not the case for mild RI (CrCL 40 to 50 mL/min). The results support the finding of the clinical study, which demonstrated that both AAG levels and the degree of renal impairment are key components that contribute to the interpatient variability associated with imatinib exposure. As indicated in the 2020 FDA draft RI guidance, PBPK modelling could be used to support an expanded inclusion of patients with RI in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Rowland Yeo
- Certara UK Limited, Simcyp Division, Level 2-Acero, 1 Concourse Way, Sheffield S1 2BJ, UK
| | - Oliver Hatley
- Certara UK Limited, Simcyp Division, Level 2-Acero, 1 Concourse Way, Sheffield S1 2BJ, UK
| | - Ben G Small
- Certara UK Limited, Simcyp Division, Level 2-Acero, 1 Concourse Way, Sheffield S1 2BJ, UK
| | - Trevor N Johnson
- Certara UK Limited, Simcyp Division, Level 2-Acero, 1 Concourse Way, Sheffield S1 2BJ, UK
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29
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Bridges S, Lamont‐Robinson C, Herbert A, Din M, Smith C, Ahmed N, Ali A, Bandyopadhyay S, Bibi S, Canu R, Correia MNG, Djalo MS, Hayan K, Horne A, Mita A, Svobodova M. Talking Trials: An arts-based exploration of attitudes to clinical trials amongst minority ethnic members of the South Riverside Community of Cardiff. Health Expect 2023; 26:1236-1245. [PMID: 36864604 PMCID: PMC10154814 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clinical trials must include diverse participants to ensure the wide applicability of results. However, people from ethnic minorities are included in clinical trials at rates lower than expected given their share of the population. Working with South Riverside Community Development Centre (SRCDC), Talking Trials used public engagement to foster discussions around the underrepresentation of those from minority ethnic communities in clinical trials and to identify and address concerns surrounding trial participation. METHODS We conducted three workshops with 13 co-researchers from minority ethnic backgrounds. We explored perceptions and understanding of clinical trials alongside participatory art activities to help move away from verbocentric methods of communication. These artworks formed an exhibition that was presented to the community, prompting further discussions and engagement. FINDINGS Co-production workshops were an effective tool to introduce the public to trial research. With little knowledge of clinical trials at the beginning of the process, our co-researchers formed a cohesive group, sharing initial fears and mistrust towards trials. As conversations progressed these attitudes clearly shifted. Artwork produced during the workshops was incorporated into an exhibition. Quotes and creative pieces from the group were included to reflect the themes identified. Presenting the exhibition at Riverside Festival enabled further engagement with a wider diverse community. The focus on co-production helped build a network of individuals new to research and keen to become involved further. CONCLUSION Inclusive and democratic co-production, enriched by participatory art practices, provided a powerful means of enabling our group to create new insights and foster new relationships. Projects like Talking Trials can diversify the research process itself-for example, four co-researchers have commenced lay research partner roles on trial management groups and a lay advisory group is in development. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Three members of staff at SRCDC were on the project delivery group and involved in the initial project design, subsequently helping to connect us with members of the Riverside community to work as co-researchers. Two of the SRCDC staff are co-authors of this manuscript. The project had 13 public co-researchers guiding the direction of this research and creating the artwork displayed in the art exhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bridges
- Centre for Trials Research, College of Biomedical and Life SciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | | | | | | | - Carl Smith
- South Riverside Community Development CentreCardiffUK
| | - Nasra Ahmed
- Centre for Trials Research, College of Biomedical and Life SciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Arafa Ali
- Centre for Trials Research, College of Biomedical and Life SciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Sudipta Bandyopadhyay
- Centre for Trials Research, College of Biomedical and Life SciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Saleema Bibi
- Centre for Trials Research, College of Biomedical and Life SciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Rossana Canu
- Centre for Trials Research, College of Biomedical and Life SciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Mariama N. G. Correia
- Centre for Trials Research, College of Biomedical and Life SciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Mamadu S. Djalo
- Centre for Trials Research, College of Biomedical and Life SciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Kense Hayan
- Centre for Trials Research, College of Biomedical and Life SciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Alka Horne
- Centre for Trials Research, College of Biomedical and Life SciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Ayesha Mita
- Centre for Trials Research, College of Biomedical and Life SciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Martina Svobodova
- Centre for Trials Research, College of Biomedical and Life SciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
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van Calis JFE, Bevelander KE, van der Cruijsen AWC, Leusink GL, Naaldenberg J. Toward Inclusive Approaches in the Design, Development, and Implementation of eHealth in the Intellectual Disability Sector: Scoping Review. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e45819. [PMID: 37252756 DOI: 10.2196/45819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of eHealth is more challenging for people with intellectual disabilities (IDs) than for the general population because the technologies often do not fit the complex needs and living circumstances of people with IDs. A translational gap exists between the developed technology and users' needs and capabilities. User involvement approaches have been developed to overcome this mismatch during the design, development, and implementation processes of the technology. The effectiveness and use of eHealth have received much scholarly attention, but little is known about user involvement approaches. OBJECTIVE In this scoping review, we aimed to identify the inclusive approaches currently used for the design, development, and implementation of eHealth for people with IDs. We reviewed how and in what phases people with IDs and other stakeholders were included in these processes. We used 9 domains identified from the Centre for eHealth Research and Disease management road map and the Nonadoption, Abandonment, and challenges to the Scale-up, Spread, and Sustainability framework to gain insight into these processes. METHODS We identified both scientific and gray literature through systematic searches in PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and (websites of) relevant intermediate (health care) organizations. We included studies published since 1995 that showed the design, development, or implementation processes of eHealth for people with IDs. Data were analyzed along 9 domains: participatory development, iterative process, value specification, value proposition, technological development and design, organization, external context, implementation, and evaluation. RESULTS The search strategy resulted in 10,639 studies, of which 17 (0.16%) met the inclusion criteria. Various approaches were used to guide user involvement (eg, human or user-centered design and participatory development), most of which applied an iterative process mainly during technological development. The involvement of stakeholders other than end users was described in less detail. The literature focused on the application of eHealth at an individual level and did not consider the organizational context. Inclusive approaches in the design and development phases were well described; however, the implementation phase remained underexposed. CONCLUSIONS The participatory development, iterative process, and technological development and design domains showed inclusive approaches applied at the start of and during the development, whereas only a few approaches involved end users and iterative processes at the end of the process and during implementation. The literature focused primarily on the individual use of the technology, and the external, organizational, and financial contextual preconditions received less attention. However, members of this target group rely on their (social) environment for care and support. More attention is needed for these underrepresented domains, and key stakeholders should be included further on in the process to reduce the translational gap that exists between the developed technologies and user needs, capabilities, and context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia F E van Calis
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Kirsten E Bevelander
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | - Geraline L Leusink
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jenneken Naaldenberg
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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Adebisi YA. Decolonizing Epidemiological Research: A Critical Perspective. Avicenna J Med 2023; 13:68-76. [PMID: 37435557 PMCID: PMC10332938 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1769088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Decolonizing epidemiological research is a crucial endeavor. Historically, colonial and imperialistic ideologies have pervaded epidemiology, leading to an emphasis on Western perspectives and the neglect of indigenous and other marginalized communities' needs and experiences. To effectively address health disparities and promote justice and equality, acknowledging and addressing these power imbalances are imperative. In this article, I highlight the need of decolonizing epidemiological research and make recommendations. These include increasing the representation of researchers from underrepresented communities, ensuring that epidemiological research is contextually relevant and responsive to the experiences of these communities, and collaborating with policymakers and advocacy groups to inform policies and practices that benefit all populations. Moreover, I underscore the importance of recognizing and valuing the knowledge and skills of marginalized populations, and integrating traditional knowledge-the distinct, culturally specific understanding unique to a particular group-into research efforts. I also emphasize the need of capacity building and equitable research collaborations and authorship as well as epidemiological journal editorship. Decolonizing epidemiology research is a continual process that requires continuing discourse, collaboration, and education.
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Narayan AJ, Frederick DE, Merrick JS, Sayyah MD, Larson MD. Childhood Centeredness is a Broader Predictor of Young Adulthood Mental Health than Childhood Adversity, Attachment, and Other Positive Childhood Experiences. Advers Resil Sci 2023; 4:191-210. [PMID: 37139097 PMCID: PMC10033291 DOI: 10.1007/s42844-023-00089-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
This study introduced the novel concept of Centeredness, a measure of the emotional atmosphere of the family of origin and a target adult individual’s perception of feeling safe, accepted, and supported from childhood primary caregivers and other family members. This study developed a Centeredness scale for adult respondents and tested hypotheses that higher levels of overall Centeredness would predict lower levels of depression and anxiety symptoms; suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs); and aggressive behavior; and higher levels of life satisfaction. Predictive effects of Centeredness were compared against attachment-related anxiety and avoidance, and adverse and benevolent childhood experiences (ACEs and BCEs). Participants were recruited via the Prolific-Academic (Pro-A) survey panel into two large independent samples of US young adults aged 19–35 years [Sample 1 (test sample), N = 548, 53.5% female, 2.2% gender non-conforming, 68.3% White, recruited before the pandemic; Sample 2 (replication sample), N = 1,198, 56.2% female, 2.3% gender non-conforming, 66.4% White; recruited during the pandemic]. Participants completed the novel Centeredness scale, which showed strong psychometric properties, and standardized, publicly available assessments of childhood experiences and mental health outcomes. Centeredness was the only variable that significantly predicted each mental health outcome across both samples. BCEs predicted all outcomes except aggressive behavior in the test sample. Centeredness and BCEs were also the only two variables that significantly predicted a dimensional mental health composite in both samples. Neither attachment-related anxiety and avoidance nor ACEs were as broadly predictive. The Centeredness scale assesses emotional aspects of childhood family relationships with individuals of diverse backgrounds and family compositions. Clinical and cultural implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela J. Narayan
- grid.266239.a0000 0001 2165 7675Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, USA
| | - Donald E. Frederick
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XInstitute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, USA
| | - Jillian S. Merrick
- grid.266239.a0000 0001 2165 7675Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, USA
| | - Madison D. Sayyah
- grid.266239.a0000 0001 2165 7675Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, USA
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Barrett M, Laris BA, Firpo-Triplett R, Kuhn T. Using LGBTQIA2S+ Inclusive Practices When Filming Sex Education Training Videos: Lessons Learned. Health Promot Pract 2023; 24:249-251. [PMID: 36444558 DOI: 10.1177/15248399221139300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
To effectively teach sex education, educators need professional development to develop skills, specifically skills for being LGBTQIA2S+ inclusive. This article describes the lessons learned when developing an LGBTQIA2S+ inclusive collection of training video for sexuality educators. SkillFlix for Educators is a streaming video training resource created to improve educators' skills in facilitating sexuality education to youth. The creation of this training tool included formative research, design and development, and filming. Lessons learned include avoiding siloing the inclusion, using inclusive design strategies, and creating welcoming workspaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - B A Laris
- dfusion Inc., Scotts Valley, CA, USA
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Payne E, Morton E, Lally C, Remnant J. Farm animal careers and perception of 'fit' in undergraduate veterinary students: A mixed methods study. Vet Rec 2023; 192:e2339. [PMID: 36341764 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.2339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recruitment and retention of farm veterinarians have been the focus of recent research. Previous work suggests that a feeling of 'fit' is important for students to consider a farm career. The aim of this study was to identify whether students feel that they 'fit' in farm practice and reasons for their answer. METHODS An online survey was distributed to students at all British and Irish veterinary schools. A mixed methods approach was considered, with thematic analysis on free text answers and regression analysis on demographic variables. RESULTS Thematic analysis identified six themes: career opportunities, nature of farm veterinary work, relationships and interactions, individual experiences, expectations and perceptions, and no perceived barriers. Females, marginalised ethnic groups and those from an urban/suburban background were all identified as having significantly (p < 0.05) less agreement with the statement 'I feel able to pursue a career in farm practice'. LIMITATIONS Survey limitations include those with a clear bias being likely to respond. However, alignment of the qualitative and quantitative results increased confidence in the findings of this mixed methods approach. CONCLUSION This study confirms that biases that exist within wider society do have an influence on veterinary undergraduates' intentions to pursue a farm animal career. This is vital to consider both at a university level and when considering students' experiences on placements. Urgent action is required to improve inclusivity in the farm animal veterinary sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Payne
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Emily Morton
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Christopher Lally
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - John Remnant
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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35
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Flanary V, Jefferson GD, Brown DJ, Arosarena OA, Brenner MJ, Cabrera-Muffly C, Cannon TY, Faucett EA, Francis CL, Harvey E, Johnson RF, Loyo M, Nance MA, Vinson KN, Thompson DM. Leadership of Black Women Faculty in Otolaryngology-More than A Rounding Error. Laryngoscope 2023; 133:E36-E37. [PMID: 36625321 DOI: 10.1002/lary.30552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Flanary
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences and Office of Diversity and Inclusion, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Gina D Jefferson
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - David J Brown
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Oneida A Arosarena
- Deparment of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Temple University, Lewis Katz School of medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael J Brenner
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery and Committee on Antiracism, Senate Advisory Committee on University Affairs, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Cristina Cabrera-Muffly
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Trinitia Y Cannon
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery & Communication Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Erynne A Faucett
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Carrie L Francis
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Workforce Innovation and Empowerment, Faculty Affairs & Development, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.,Harry Barnes Society, White Plains, Maryland, USA
| | - Erin Harvey
- Department of Otolaryngology and Communication Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Romaine F Johnson
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children Medical Center Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Myriam Loyo
- Division of Facial Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Oregon Health & Sciences University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Melonie A Nance
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh SOM, Section Chief Otolaryngology VAPHS, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kimberly N Vinson
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Dana M Thompson
- Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Prasad S, O'Malley CB, DeLeon R, Levy AS, Griffin DP. Inclusive LGBTQIA+ healthcare: An interprofessional case-based experience for cultural competency awareness. Front Public Health 2023; 10:993461. [PMID: 36684971 PMCID: PMC9846843 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.993461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lesbian, Gay, Bi-sexual, Transgender, Questioning, Intersex, and Asexual (LGBTQIA+) patients report experiences of discrimination within healthcare settings due to a lack of provider knowledge and biases of healthcare workers. There is an identified need among all health professions to provide more culturally competent healthcare for this community. Early interventions during healthcare profession training programs may be effective to address this need. The overall goal of this study was to assess the educational impact of an active learning session that was specifically designed to enhance LGBTQIA+ cultural competency awareness using an interprofessional setting. Methods This 2-year study involved students from 16 healthcare professional programs joining virtually to form interprofessional teams. A small group case-based learning approach was used and included pre/post-activity surveys to measure the change in student attitude and confidence, as well as the change in perception of the importance of the activity. Results Results indicate an increase in perception of importance (p < 0.005) and in overall level of confidence (p < 0.001) with respect to LGBTQIA+ issues post-session. Key themes established through the session represent an overall recognition of the importance of interprofessional education and awareness of LGBTQIA+ healthcare needs. Discussion The results demonstrate the effectiveness of a case-based approach for enhancing cultural competency awareness across different healthcare professions programs. This session also provided an interprofessional learning environment to allow multiple healthcare professions program students to interact and share perspectives. The positive impact of this intervention in a highly collaborative virtual learning environment also highlights that this immersive active learning approach that can be adopted across different programs and institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiksha Prasad
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Department of Medical Education, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - Chasity B. O'Malley
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Department of Medical Education, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
- Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Rolando DeLeon
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Department of Medical Education, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, HCA Florida Mercy Hospital, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Arkene S. Levy
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Department of Medical Education, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
| | - Daniel P. Griffin
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Department of Medical Education, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States
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Zhou D, Zhan Q, Wen X. How does digital life influence the health service use among rural residents? Evidence from China. Technol Health Care 2023; 31:2091-2106. [PMID: 37483027 DOI: 10.3233/thc-220631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Healthy China strategy is an important development objective of the 14th Five-Year Plan and Vision 2035 in China, while health service use in rural China has been a weak link in this strategy. OBJECTIVE Nowadays, people's health service use will be influenced by digital technology due to the arrival of the Digital Age, and that is the reason why our interest is to discuss the effect of digital life on health service use among rural residents. METHODS We use the data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) 2020 to examine the effect of digital life on health service use among rural residents, and we use Instrumental Variables method to control the endogenous problem and use KHB model to discuss the mechanism of this effect. RESULTS It was found that digital life has increased the health service use among rural residents significantly, and this result has been verified by robust test and Instrumental Variables method. Besides, digital life can increase health service use through the information channel effect and the health literacy effect indirectly. Moreover, digital life has a more significant impact on the residents with low social capital, low physical capital and low social trust, which represents the inclusivity of digital life. CONCLUSION The results of our paper will be helpful to examine the effect of the digital policy on promoting the health service use in rural China, and our findings will provide evidence of how to use digital life to enhance health service use among rural residents. Based on this, the government should take measures to eliminate the digital divide between urban and rural areas by promoting the level of digital life among rural residents, paying more attention to the digital literacy development among them, and forging ahead toward the great goal of the Healthy China under the Digital Age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deshui Zhou
- School of Finance and Public Management, Anhui University of Finance & Economics, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Qianqian Zhan
- School of Finance and Public Management, Anhui University of Finance & Economics, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Xin Wen
- School of Humanities and Law (School of Public Administration), Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China
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Salmen CR, Magerenge R, Ndunyu L, Prasad S. Rethinking our Rigor Mortis: Creating space for more adaptive and inclusive truth-seeking in community-based global health research in Kenya. Glob Public Health 2022; 17:4002-4013. [PMID: 31206350 DOI: 10.1080/17441692.2019.1629609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As global health researchers, we have long embraced the conviction that the answers to complex problems of poverty and disease will reveal themselves if only we apply enough scientific rigor. Yet, at the community level, our group of American and Kenyan investigators has begun to question whether our veneration of rigor is itself contributing to the intractability of certain types of global health problems. Here, we illustrate examples from our experience among the remote island communities of Lake Victoria, Kenya, and join a chorus of emerging voices, to examine how our culture of control as global health scientists may marginalise truth-seekers and change-makers within communities we seek to serve. More broadly, we seek to acknowledge the limitations of control over truth that rigorous academic research affords. We suggest that by relinquishing this pervasive illusion of control, we can more fully appreciate complementary modes of answering important questions that rely upon the intrinsic resourcefulness and creativity of community-based enterprises taking place across sub-Saharan Africa. While such inquiries may never solve all problems facing the diverse populations of the continent, we advocate for a deeper appreciation of the inherent capacity of adaptive, locally contextualised investigations to identify meaningful and enduring solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles R Salmen
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,The Mfangano Community Health Field Station, Mfangano Island, Kenya
| | - Richard Magerenge
- The Mfangano Community Health Field Station, Mfangano Island, Kenya.,Ekialo Kiona Center, Organic Health Response (OHR), Mfangano Island, Kenya
| | - Louisa Ndunyu
- The Mfangano Community Health Field Station, Mfangano Island, Kenya.,Department of Public Health, Maseno University, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Shailendra Prasad
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,The Mfangano Community Health Field Station, Mfangano Island, Kenya.,Center for Global Health and Social Responsibility, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Huseby M. The Rotating Front Row Increases Student-Reported Participation during Discussion. J Microbiol Biol Educ 2022; 23:e00316-21. [PMID: 36532208 PMCID: PMC9753614 DOI: 10.1128/jmbe.00316-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Discussion is a common method to engage students in large-enrollment lectures. Many instructors rely on voluntary participation from students, which can lead to inequitable student contributions and exposure to a narrow scope of opinions. Mandatory participation for which points are earned or lost can lead to student disengagement and have the unintended consequence of marginalizing students. A technique known as the rotating front row blends mandatory participation with student flexibility to provide space for all voices while lowering barriers in traditional discussions. Field tests in microbiology-based lectures showed a majority of nonmicrobiology majors (77.1%) and microbiology majors (76.1%) reported an increase in participation within discussions after engaging in the rotating front row. A slight majority of nonmajors (55.7%) and majors (55.1%) reported an increased understanding of the course material covered during participation in the rotating front row. Student responses indicated the rotating front row alleviated anxiety surrounding public speaking while deepening understanding of the course material. The rotating front row is an inclusive technique in which students hear multiple perspectives and an equitable technique that ensures all voices are given an opportunity to contribute within discussions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medora Huseby
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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40
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Eckstrand KL, Singh MK, Ajilore O. Diversity, Equity, and Inclusivity in Biological Psychiatry Research. Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging 2022; 7:1195-7. [PMID: 36481057 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2022.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Yan TD, Yuan PHS, Saha T, Lebel K, Spalluto L, Yong-Hing CJ. Female Authorship Trends Among Articles About Artificial Intelligence in North American Radiology Journals. Can Assoc Radiol J 2022; 74:264-271. [PMID: 36062579 DOI: 10.1177/08465371221122637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To examine trends in female authorship of peer-reviewed North American radiology articles centred around artificial intelligence (AI). Method: A bibliographic search was conducted for all AI-related articles published in four North American radiology journals. Collected data included the genders of the first and last (senior) authors, year and country. We compared the trends of female authorship using Pearson chi-square, Fisher exact tests and logistic regression models. Results: 453 articles met the inclusion criteria. Among these, 107 (22.3%) had a female first author and 97 (27.3%) had a female senior author. Female first authors were over three times more likely to publish with a female senior author. Among the four journals, the CARJ had the highest proportion of female senior authors at 45.5%. The only significant temporal trend identified was an increase over the years in female senior authors in Radiology. Twenty-four countries contributed to the included articles, with the largest contributors being the United States (n = 290) and Canada (n = 30). Of the countries contributing more than 15 articles, there were none with above 50% female authorship. Conclusions: Female authors are underrepresented in AI-related radiology literature. However, there has been an encouraging recent increase in female authorship in AI-related radiology articles trending towards significance. There is a great opportunity to improve female representation in AI with intentional mentorship and recruitment. We urge more platforms for female voices in radiology as AI becomes increasingly integrated into the radiology community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler D Yan
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | | | - Tania Saha
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kiana Lebel
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lucy Spalluto
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Veterans Health Administration-Tennessee Valley Healthcare System Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Charlotte J Yong-Hing
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada,Department of Diagnostic Imaging, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Lavtižar K, Grom J, Zajc N, Fikfak A. Systemic Approach to Universal Design of Urban Spaces - Case Study of Trbovlje, Slovenia. Stud Health Technol Inform 2022; 297:177-184. [PMID: 36073393 DOI: 10.3233/shti220837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The study consisted of examining universal design principles and applying selected interventions with the goal of solving accessibility issues in the settlement of Trbovlje. As a result of the investigative process and the layered spatial data concerning universal design theory, it was possible to propose the dynamics for the implementation of the design solutions. Deliberate selection of only specific universal design features as a pragmatic decision is what ensures the proposed solution's real-world application value. Subdividing a wholistic design into temporal phases secures a more feasible and pragmatic approach to reach the end goal while still preserving the full functionality of each individual phase immediately and thus its effectiveness. Such a systemic approach is proposed as a way of creating a more focused overview of the settlement, making a better design for the solution of specific issues, assessing these solutions, and implementing them in selected places. This approach and thinking present itself as a good method of granting universal accessibility that could be adopted as a mandatory part of any urban plan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janez Grom
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of architecture
| | - Neli Zajc
- University of Ljubljana, Faculty of architecture
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G Bautista T, A Cash T, Meyerhoefer T, Pipe T. Equitable Mindfulness: The practice of mindfulness for all. J Community Psychol 2022; 50:3141-3155. [PMID: 35150593 PMCID: PMC9372226 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The benefits of mindfulness are well-documented; however, these benefits may not be evenly distributed across communities. Equitable Mindfulness aims to make these benefits accessible to a wider and more inclusive audience. The aim of this study was to investigate the applicability of Equitable Mindfulness and systemic barriers that prevent mindfulness programs from being equitably accessed across communities. Twenty-one participants were recruited for qualitative in-depth interviews during a 2-day mindfulness conference. The constant comparison method was used to iteratively identify and categorize themes that emerged within and across interviews. Five dominant themes emerged from the data as follows: inherent equitability, accessibility, inclusiveness, awareness and knowledge-sharing, and acknowledgement of multiple perspectives. Having an applicable and meaningful term to use when describing mindfulness as an inclusive and equitable practice can facilitate the exploration of a new area of research. There is a need for future initiatives aimed at making mindfulness trainings and programs more equitable and accessible to all, regardless of socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, or abilities/disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara G Bautista
- Yale Stress Center, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Tiara A Cash
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Teri Pipe
- Center for Mindfulness, Compassion and Resilience, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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44
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Durocher K, Caxaj CS. Gender Binaries in Nursing: A Critical Shift to Postgenderism. Nurs Womens Health 2022; 26:262-268. [PMID: 35777491 DOI: 10.1016/j.nwh.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Gender binaries refer to grouping systems that label individuals as male or female. Societal shifts in what defines gender have evolved over the past decade; however, nursing practice remains grounded in these traditional gender binaries. The negative impacts of these practices, specifically in reproductive care, are detrimental for individuals who do not identify within traditional gender binaries. Gender binaries and stereotypes persist because of the prevalence of attitudes; nursing education development; and biases within care areas-specifically, reproductive care-because of issues such as gendered theories and language. Nurses can play a role in enhancing inclusivity by encouraging reflective practice, implementing gender-informed concepts into curricula, and encouraging the use of a postgenderism lens in policy and practice. Improvements in these areas can help foster health care access and safety.
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Taylor LG, Vanderloo LM, Arbour-Nicitopoulos KP, Leo J, Gilliland J, Tucker P. Playground Inclusivity for Children With a Disability: Protocol for a Scoping Review. JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 11:e37312. [PMID: 35867380 PMCID: PMC9356326 DOI: 10.2196/37312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although playgrounds are designed to promote outdoor play, children with disabilities may be unable to engage in these spaces due to intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Previous research has examined inclusive/accessible playground design when developing new playgrounds; however, it is unclear if there is a best-practice tool for evaluating the inclusivity of existing playground structures. Objective A scoping review of both peer-reviewed and grey literature will be employed to explore evaluation tools for playground inclusivity, to enable the participation of children with disabilities. Methods The conduct of this study will adhere to the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines. A search for peer-reviewed research studies will be conducted in the following electronic databases: MEDLINE, Scopus, CINAHL, and Embase. Grey literature will be examined via a three-step process: (1) a search in the Canadian Health Research Collection Database; (2) a targeted Google search; and (3) reference list searching. Titles, abstracts, keywords, and full texts of identified studies will be independently screened for inclusion by two reviewers. A synthesis of included articles will describe the publication and auditing tool details. A summary of the findings will highlight the types of playgrounds measured, types of disability considered, measures of inclusion used, and psychometric properties. Results Database searches for peer-reviewed articles were completed in December 2021. A total of 1471 unique records were returned after the removal of 559 duplicate records. Full texts of 167 studies meeting eligibility criteria will be reviewed. The peer-reviewed research search will guide the grey literature search. The scoping review is planned for completion in 2022. Conclusions A rigorous search of the literature will determine the availability of tools for evaluating existing playground structures for the inclusivity of children with disabilities. The results will inform recommendations on tool applications, and applicable knowledge translation activities. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/37312
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah G Taylor
- Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Leigh M Vanderloo
- School of Occupational Therapy, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,ParticipACTION, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kelly P Arbour-Nicitopoulos
- Mental Health and Physical Activity Research Centre, Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Leo
- Steadward Centre for Personal and Physical Achievement, Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jason Gilliland
- Department of Geography and Environment, Faculty of Social Sciences, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Schulich School of Medicine, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
| | - Patricia Tucker
- School of Occupational Therapy, Western University, London, ON, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON, Canada
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Marshall AG, Vue Z, Palavicino-Maggio CB, Neikirk K, Beasley HK, Garza-Lopez E, Murray SA, Martinez D, Crabtree A, Conley ZC, Vang L, Davis JS, Powell-Roach KL, Campbell S, Brady LJ, Dal AB, Shao B, Alexander S, Vang N, Vue N, Vue M, Shuler HD, Spencer EC, Morton DJ, Hinton A. The role of mentoring in promoting diversity equity and inclusion in STEM Education and Research. Pathog Dis 2022; 80:6609773. [PMID: 35713493 PMCID: PMC9302695 DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftac019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The success of mentoring derives from active and respectful listening and the willingness to learn and accept opportunities for personal growth. This shapes every trainee and their destined path in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). The act of cultivating rapport, asking, and pondering meaningful questions, and receiving constructive feedback are critical to support a productive mentoring relationship. Successful mentoring in STEM can be established and allow mentees, especially underrepresented minorities (URMs), to flourish in an environment where they feel welcomed and supported. However, mentees from underrepresented groups often experience inadequate mentoring due to a mentor's lack of awareness, poor trainings themselves, or lack of understanding of the mentee's hardships. It is important for mentors and mentees to work together to promote diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in STEM education through creativity, authenticity, and networking. We analyzed data obtained from students who attended a recent workshop that are interested in going to graduate school. Our results show that despite low initial expectations for the workshop, many students were satisfied in the knowledge they gleaned. The future and role of diversity in STEM within these underrepresented groups lies in community support and an important role that they can play in the lives of others through DEI initiatives and throughout their careers all of which involves positive mentoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea G Marshall
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Zer Vue
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | | | - Kit Neikirk
- Department of Biology, University of Hawaii, Hilo, HI 96720, United States
| | - Heather K Beasley
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Edgar Garza-Lopez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Sandra A Murray
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Denise Martinez
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, United States
| | - Amber Crabtree
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Zachary C Conley
- Collaborative for STEM Education and Outreach, Department of Teaching and Learning, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Larry Vang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Jamaine S Davis
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience, and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Keesha L Powell-Roach
- Department of Community and Population Health, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 37232, United States
| | - Susan Campbell
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 2406, United States
| | - Lillian J Brady
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, United States
| | - Angyth B Dal
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Bryanna Shao
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Stefanie Alexander
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Nancy Vang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Neng Vue
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Mein Vue
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Haysetta D Shuler
- Department of Biological Sciences, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, NC 27110, United States.,Shuler Consulting, Winston-Salem, NC 27110, United States
| | - Elsie C Spencer
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States.,Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, United States
| | - Derrick J Morton
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, United States.,Department of Biomedical Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA 91007, United States
| | - Antentor Hinton
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
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Edgell C, Rosenberg A. Putting plain language summaries into perspective. Curr Med Res Opin 2022; 38:871-874. [PMID: 35400253 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2022.2058812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Publication-associated plain language summaries are brief, jargon-free summaries of scientific publications. They are intended for a broad, non-expert audience to help maximize the accessibility of the publication. Plain language summaries are typically found alongside peer-reviewed publications or in supplementary materials and can be indexed in PubMed. In this narrative commentary, we present the perspectives of five day-to-day users of plain language summaries from different stakeholder groups, gained through semi-structured qualitative interviews about the users' experiences with and opinions of plain language summaries.
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Buffalari D. Structured Worksheets: Simple Active Learning Strategies to Increase Transparency and Promote Communication. J Undergrad Neurosci Educ 2022; 20:A241-A253. [PMID: 38323058 PMCID: PMC10653243 DOI: 10.59390/vohj7109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
There are varied pedagogical approaches that promote active learning in the classroom, many of which have been shown to have positive impacts on student outcomes. Simple active learning techniques that do not require costly resources or extensive time investment for faculty may increase the likelihood of instructor adoption and decrease student anxiety or skepticism about such approaches. In two upper-level Neuroscience electives, scaffolded worksheets were utilized to increase transparency in instructor expectations and subsequent assessment, and to support student contributions to learning and group work. Scaffolded worksheets that presented practice questions were provided in a Behavioral Neuroscience course; students completed the worksheets alone or in teams, and course time was used for review and additional clarification. Shared group worksheets were used to support a group project in a mid-level Cognition course. These worksheets delineated expectations for the assignment and gave a timeline for in-class and out-of-class meetings with required individual, graded contributions to support group progress. Worksheets also enabled instructor feedback throughout the project. When surveyed, students responded positively to the worksheets for their ability to support learning and alleviate some of the common concerns associated with group work. This approach was also easily expanded during the pandemic to provide more time for active learning, and to maintain communication and ensure support of student learning during periods of remote learning due to Covid-19. Active learning techniques, particularly those that promote transparency and metacognition, are likely to benefit students and create a more inclusive classroom. Yet care must be used in the implementation of these approaches. In addition, barriers exist to the utilization of active learning, including a lack of support for such work at the institutional level. Greater institutional investment in these approaches will likely broaden their use and extend their impact.
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Abduelmula A, Akuffo-Addo E, Joseph M. The Progression of Skin Color Diversity and Representation in Dermatology Textbooks. J Cutan Med Surg 2022; 26:523-525. [PMID: 35544370 DOI: 10.1177/12034754221099668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abrahim Abduelmula
- 62217938 Faculty of Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Edgar Akuffo-Addo
- 12366 Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marissa Joseph
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, ON, Canada.,Section of Dermatology, Division of Paediatric Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Dermatology, Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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French F. Expanding Aesthetics. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:855087. [PMID: 35601399 PMCID: PMC9114928 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.855087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper seeks to expand traditional aesthetic dimensions of design beyond the limits of human capability in order to encompass other species' sensory modalities. To accomplish this, the idea of inclusivity is extended beyond human cultural and personal identities and needs, to embrace multi-species experiences of places, events and interactions in the world. This involves drawing together academic perspectives from ecology, neuroscience, anthropology, philosophy and interaction design, as well as exploring artistic perspectives and demonstrating how these different frames of reference can inspire and complement each other. This begins with a rationale for the existence of non-human aesthetics, followed by an overview of existing research into non-human aesthetic dimensions. Novel aesthetic categories are proposed and the challenge of how to include non-human aesthetic sensibility in design is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona French
- School of Computing and Digital Media, London Metropolitan University, London, United Kingdom
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