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Chawner SJRA, Paine AL, Dunn MJ, Walsh A, Sloane P, Thomas M, Evans A, Hopkins‐Jones L, Struik S, Hall J, Erichsen JT, Leekam SR, Owen MJ, Hay D, van den Bree MBM. Neurodevelopmental dimensional assessment of young children at high genomic risk of neuropsychiatric conditions. JCPP Adv 2023; 3:e12162. [PMID: 37753151 PMCID: PMC10519742 DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Individuals with 22q11.2 deletion are at considerably increased risk of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric conditions. There have been very few studies investigating how this risk manifests in early childhood and what factors may underlie developmental variability. Insights into this can elucidate transdiagnostic markers of risk that may underlie later development of neuropsychiatric outcomes. Methods Thirty two children with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome (22q11.2DS) (mean age = 4.1 [SD = 1.2] years) and 12 sibling controls (mean age = 4.1 [SD = 1.5] years) underwent in-depth dimensional phenotyping across several developmental domains selected as being potential early indicators of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric liability. Comparisons were conducted of the dimensional developmental phenotype of 22q11.2DS and sibling controls. For autistic traits, both parents and children were phenotyped using the Social Responsiveness Scale. Results Young children with 22q11.2DS exhibited large impairments (Hedge's g ≥ 0.8) across a range of developmental domains relative to sibling controls, as well as high rates of transdiagnostic neurodevelopmental and psychiatric traits. Cluster analysis revealed a subgroup of children with 22q11.2DS (n = 16; 53%) in whom neurodevelopmental and psychiatric liability was particularly increased and who differed from other children with 22q11.2DS and non-carrier siblings. Exploratory analyses revealed that early motor and sleep impairments indexed liability for neurodevelopmental and psychiatric outcomes. Maternal autism trait scores were predictive of autism traits in children with 22q11.2DS (intraclass correlation coefficients = 0.47, p = 0.046, n = 31). Conclusions Although psychiatric conditions typically emerge later in adolescence and adulthood in 22q11.2DS, our exploratory study was able to identify a range of early risk indicators. Furthermore, findings indicate the presence of a subgroup who appeared to have increased neurodevelopmental and psychiatric liability. Our findings highlight the scope for future studies of early risk mechanisms and early intervention within this high genetic risk patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J. R. A. Chawner
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and GenomicsDivision of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
- Cardiff University Centre for Human Developmental ScienceSchool of PsychologyCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Amy L. Paine
- Cardiff University Centre for Human Developmental ScienceSchool of PsychologyCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Matt J. Dunn
- School of Optometry and Vision SciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Alice Walsh
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and GenomicsDivision of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Poppy Sloane
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and GenomicsDivision of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Megan Thomas
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and GenomicsDivision of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Alexandra Evans
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and GenomicsDivision of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Lucinda Hopkins‐Jones
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and GenomicsDivision of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Siske Struik
- Immunodeficiency Centre for WalesUniversity Hospital of WalesCardiffUK
| | - Jeremy Hall
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and GenomicsDivision of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | | | - Susan R. Leekam
- Cardiff University Centre for Human Developmental ScienceSchool of PsychologyCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Michael J. Owen
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and GenomicsDivision of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Dale Hay
- Cardiff University Centre for Human Developmental ScienceSchool of PsychologyCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Marianne B. M. van den Bree
- Medical Research Council Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and GenomicsDivision of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
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Bridges S, Lamont‐Robinson C, Herbert A, Din M, Smith C, Ahmed N, Ali A, Bandyopadhyay S, Bibi S, Canu R, Correia MNG, Djalo MS, Hayan K, Horne A, Mita A, Svobodova M. Talking Trials: An arts-based exploration of attitudes to clinical trials amongst minority ethnic members of the South Riverside Community of Cardiff. Health Expect 2023; 26:1236-1245. [PMID: 36864604 PMCID: PMC10154814 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clinical trials must include diverse participants to ensure the wide applicability of results. However, people from ethnic minorities are included in clinical trials at rates lower than expected given their share of the population. Working with South Riverside Community Development Centre (SRCDC), Talking Trials used public engagement to foster discussions around the underrepresentation of those from minority ethnic communities in clinical trials and to identify and address concerns surrounding trial participation. METHODS We conducted three workshops with 13 co-researchers from minority ethnic backgrounds. We explored perceptions and understanding of clinical trials alongside participatory art activities to help move away from verbocentric methods of communication. These artworks formed an exhibition that was presented to the community, prompting further discussions and engagement. FINDINGS Co-production workshops were an effective tool to introduce the public to trial research. With little knowledge of clinical trials at the beginning of the process, our co-researchers formed a cohesive group, sharing initial fears and mistrust towards trials. As conversations progressed these attitudes clearly shifted. Artwork produced during the workshops was incorporated into an exhibition. Quotes and creative pieces from the group were included to reflect the themes identified. Presenting the exhibition at Riverside Festival enabled further engagement with a wider diverse community. The focus on co-production helped build a network of individuals new to research and keen to become involved further. CONCLUSION Inclusive and democratic co-production, enriched by participatory art practices, provided a powerful means of enabling our group to create new insights and foster new relationships. Projects like Talking Trials can diversify the research process itself-for example, four co-researchers have commenced lay research partner roles on trial management groups and a lay advisory group is in development. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Three members of staff at SRCDC were on the project delivery group and involved in the initial project design, subsequently helping to connect us with members of the Riverside community to work as co-researchers. Two of the SRCDC staff are co-authors of this manuscript. The project had 13 public co-researchers guiding the direction of this research and creating the artwork displayed in the art exhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Bridges
- Centre for Trials Research, College of Biomedical and Life SciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | | | | | | | - Carl Smith
- South Riverside Community Development CentreCardiffUK
| | - Nasra Ahmed
- Centre for Trials Research, College of Biomedical and Life SciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Arafa Ali
- Centre for Trials Research, College of Biomedical and Life SciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Sudipta Bandyopadhyay
- Centre for Trials Research, College of Biomedical and Life SciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Saleema Bibi
- Centre for Trials Research, College of Biomedical and Life SciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Rossana Canu
- Centre for Trials Research, College of Biomedical and Life SciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Mariama N. G. Correia
- Centre for Trials Research, College of Biomedical and Life SciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Mamadu S. Djalo
- Centre for Trials Research, College of Biomedical and Life SciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Kense Hayan
- Centre for Trials Research, College of Biomedical and Life SciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Alka Horne
- Centre for Trials Research, College of Biomedical and Life SciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Ayesha Mita
- Centre for Trials Research, College of Biomedical and Life SciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | - Martina Svobodova
- Centre for Trials Research, College of Biomedical and Life SciencesCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
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Bailey GA, Rawlings A, Torabi F, Pickrell WO, Peall KJ. Longitudinal analysis of the relationship between motor and psychiatric symptoms in idiopathic dystonia. Eur J Neurol 2022; 29:3513-3527. [PMID: 35997000 PMCID: PMC9826317 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Although psychiatric diagnoses are recognized in idiopathic dystonia, no previous studies have examined the temporal relationship between idiopathic dystonia and psychiatric diagnoses at scale. Here, we determine rates of psychiatric diagnoses and psychiatric medication prescription in those diagnosed with idiopathic dystsuponia compared to matched controls. METHODS A longitudinal population-based cohort study using anonymized electronic health care data in Wales (UK) was conducted to identify individuals with idiopathic dystonia and comorbid psychiatric diagnoses/prescriptions between 1 January 1994 and 31 December 2017. Psychiatric diagnoses/prescriptions were identified from primary and secondary health care records. RESULTS Individuals with idiopathic dystonia (n = 52,589) had higher rates of psychiatric diagnosis and psychiatric medication prescription when compared to controls (n = 216,754, 43% vs. 31%, p < 0.001; 45% vs. 37.9%, p < 0.001, respectively), with depression and anxiety being most common (cases: 31% and 28%). Psychiatric diagnoses predominantly predated dystonia diagnosis, particularly in the 12 months prior to diagnosis (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.98, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.9-2.1), with an IRR of 12.4 (95% CI = 11.8-13.1) for anxiety disorders. There was, however, an elevated rate of most psychiatric diagnoses throughout the study period, including the 12 months after dystonia diagnosis (IRR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.85-2.07). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests a bidirectional relationship between psychiatric disorders and dystonia, particularly with mood disorders. Psychiatric and motor symptoms in dystonia may have common aetiological mechanisms, with psychiatric disorders potentially forming prodromal symptoms of idiopathic dystonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace A. Bailey
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff University School of MedicineCardiffUK
| | | | - Fatemeh Torabi
- Swansea University Medical SchoolSwanseaUK
- Health Data ResearchLondonUK
| | - William Owen Pickrell
- Swansea University Medical SchoolSwanseaUK
- Department of Neurology, Morriston HospitalSwansea Bay University Health BoardSwanseaUK
| | - Kathryn J. Peall
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical NeurosciencesCardiff University School of MedicineCardiffUK
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Nicholson R, Menezes AC, Azevedo A, Leckenby A, Davies S, Seedhouse C, Gilkes A, Knapper S, Tonks A, Darley RL. Protein Kinase C Epsilon Overexpression Is Associated With Poor Patient Outcomes in AML and Promotes Daunorubicin Resistance Through p-Glycoprotein-Mediated Drug Efflux. Front Oncol 2022; 12:840046. [PMID: 35707351 PMCID: PMC9191576 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.840046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein kinase C (PKC) family of serine/threonine kinases are pleiotropic signaling regulators and are implicated in hematopoietic signaling and development. Only one isoform however, PKCϵ, has oncogenic properties in solid cancers where it is associated with poor outcomes. Here we show that PKCϵ protein is significantly overexpressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML; 37% of patients). In addition, PKCϵ expression in AML was associated with a significant reduction in complete remission induction and disease-free survival. Examination of the functional consequences of PKCϵ overexpression in normal human hematopoiesis, showed that PKCϵ promotes myeloid differentiation, particularly of the monocytic lineage, and decreased colony formation, suggesting that PKCϵ does not act as an oncogene in hematopoietic cells. Rather, in AML cell lines, PKCϵ overexpression selectively conferred resistance to the chemotherapeutic agent, daunorubicin, by reducing intracellular concentrations of this agent. Mechanistic analysis showed that PKCϵ promoted the expression of the efflux pump, P-GP (ABCB1), and that drug efflux mediated by this transporter fully accounted for the daunorubicin resistance associated with PKCϵ overexpression. Analysis of AML patient samples also showed a link between PKCϵ and P-GP protein expression suggesting that PKCϵ expression drives treatment resistance in AML by upregulating P-GP expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Nicholson
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Catarina Menezes
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Aleksandra Azevedo
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Leckenby
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Davies
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Seedhouse
- Academic Haematology, Nottingham University Hospitals and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Gilkes
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Cardiff Experimental and Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Steve Knapper
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Cardiff Experimental and Cancer Medicine Centre (ECMC), School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Tonks
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Richard L. Darley
- Department of Haematology, Division of Cancer and Genetics, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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Bailey GA, Rawlings A, Torabi F, Pickrell O, Peall KJ. Adult-onset idiopathic dystonia: A national data-linkage study to determine epidemiological, social deprivation, and mortality characteristics. Eur J Neurol 2022; 29:91-104. [PMID: 34543508 PMCID: PMC9377012 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Accurate epidemiological information is essential for the improved understanding of dystonia syndromes, as well as better provisioning of clinical services and providing context for diagnostic decision-making. Here, we determine epidemiological, social deprivation, and mortality characteristics of adult-onset idiopathic dystonia in the Welsh population. METHODS A retrospective population-based cohort study using anonymized electronic health care data in Wales was conducted to identify individuals with dystonia between 1 January 1994 and 31 December 2017. We developed a case-ascertainment algorithm to determine dystonia incidence and prevalence, as well as characterization of the dystonia cohort, based on social deprivation and mortality. RESULTS The case-ascertainment algorithm (79% sensitivity) identified 54,966 cases; of these cases, 41,660 had adult-onset idiopathic dystonia (≥20 years). Amongst the adult-onset form, the median age at diagnosis was 41 years, with males significantly older at time of diagnosis compared to females. Prevalence rates ranged from 0.02% in 1994 to 1.2% in 2017. The average annual incidence was 87.7/100,000/year, increasing from 49.9/100,000/year (1994) to 96.21/100,000/year (2017). In 2017, people with dystonia had a similar life expectancy to the Welsh population. CONCLUSIONS We have developed a case-ascertainment algorithm, supported by the introduction of a neurologist-reviewed validation cohort, providing a platform for future population-based dystonia studies. We have established robust population-level prevalence and incidence values for adult-onset idiopathic forms of dystonia, with this reflecting increasing clinical recognition and identification of causal genes. Underlying causes of death mirrored those of the general population, including circulatory disorders, respiratory disorders, cancers, and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace A. Bailey
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research InstituteCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
| | | | - Fatemeh Torabi
- Swansea University Medical SchoolSwanseaUK
- Health Data Research UKSwanseaUK
| | - Owen Pickrell
- Swansea University Medical SchoolSwanseaUK
- Department of NeurologyMorriston Hospital, Swansea Bay University Health BoardSwanseaUK
| | - Kathryn J. Peall
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research InstituteCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
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Price A, Sumner P, Powell G. Subjective sensory sensitivity and its relationship with anxiety in people with probable migraine. Headache 2021; 61:1342-1350. [PMID: 34669970 PMCID: PMC9889083 DOI: 10.1111/head.14219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To better characterize differences in interictal sensory experience in adults with migraine and more comprehensively describe the relevance of anxiety to these experiences. BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that sensitivity to sensory input may not be limited to migraine attacks but continues between them. However, there is a need to better understand whether this is the case across senses, and to clearly distinguish sensory experience from measured sensory threshold, which are not straightforwardly related. Previous literature also indicates a co-occurrence between sensory sensitivity, migraine, and anxiety, but this relationship remains to be fully elucidated. METHODS The present cross-sectional study used online questionnaires to investigate how self-reported sensory experiences relate to migraine in a large community sample including 117 individuals with probable migraine and 827 without. Mediation analyses were also used to determine whether any relationship between migraine and sensory sensitivity was mediated by anxiety. RESULTS Significant increases in subjective reports of sensory sensitivity (d = 0.80) and sensory avoidance (d = 0.71) were found in participants with migraine. Anxiety symptoms partially mediated the relationship between subjective sensory sensitivity and migraine. Finally, visual, movement, and auditory subscales were found to provide unique explanatory variance in analyses predicting the incidence of migraine (area under the curve = 0.73, 0.69, 0.62 respectively). CONCLUSION Subjective sensory sensitivities are present between attacks and across senses in individuals with migraine. Anxiety symptoms are relevant to this relationship; however, sensory sensitivities appear to exist independent of this affective influence. The implications of interictal sensitivities for the daily lives of those with migraine should, therefore, be considered in clinical management wherever appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Price
- School of PsychologyCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
- Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of PsychologyCardiff UniversityCardiffUK
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Morteo‐Flores F, Roldan A. The Effect of Pristine and Hydroxylated Oxide Surfaces on the Guaiacol HDO Process: A DFT Study. Chemphyschem 2021; 23:e202100583. [PMID: 34495572 PMCID: PMC9292963 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The acid‐base character of oxide supports is crucial for catalytic reactions. In this work, the acid‐base properties of five oxide surfaces common in heterogeneous catalysis were investigated and related to their interaction with monolignol compounds derived from lignin. We have used density functional theory simulations also to understand the role of the surfaces’ hydroxylation state. The results show that moderate hydroxyl coverage on the amphoteric γ‐Al2O3 (110) slightly strengthens the oxy‐compounds’ adsorption due to an increase in Lewis acidity. Similarly, low hydroxyl coverage on the reducible TiO2 (101) enlarges its adsorption capacity by up to 42 % compared with its clean surface. The higher affinity is attributed to the more favourable interaction between the surface‐OH groups and the aromatic rings. Overall, the results indicate that hydroxyl coverage enhances the amphoteric and reducible adsorption capacity towards aromatic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Morteo‐Flores
- Cardiff Catalysis InstituteSchool of ChemistryCardiff UniversityMain Building, Park PlaceCF10 3ATCardiffUK
| | - Alberto Roldan
- Cardiff Catalysis InstituteSchool of ChemistryCardiff UniversityMain Building, Park PlaceCF10 3ATCardiffUK
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