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Khulmanee T, Thita T, Kritsiriwutinan K, Boonyuen U, Saai A, Inkabjan K, Chakrabarti R, Rathod PK, Krudsood S, Mungthin M, Patrapuvich R. Low Genetic Diversity of Plasmodium vivax Circumsporozoite Surface Protein in Clinical Isolates from Southern Thailand. Trop Med Infect Dis 2024; 9:94. [PMID: 38787027 PMCID: PMC11125738 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed9050094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The genetic diversity within the circumsporozoite surface protein (PvCSP) of Plasmodium vivax, the predominant malaria species in Thailand, is primarily observed in the northwestern region along the Thailand-Myanmar border. However, as P. vivax cases shift to southern provinces, particularly Yala Province near the Thailand-Malaysia border, PvCSP diversity remains understudied. Between 2018 and 2020, 89 P. vivax isolates were collected in Yala Province, a significant malaria hotspot. Employing polymerase chain reaction amplification, restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), and DNA sequencing, the gene encoding PvCSP (Pvcsp) was analyzed. All Yala P. vivax isolates belonged to the VK210 type, distinct from strains in the western region near the Myanmar border. The central repeat region of Pvcsp revealed two common peptide repeat motifs-GDRADGQPA and GDRAAGQPA-across all southern isolates. Sequence analysis identified two subtypes, with S1 more prevalent (92%) than S2 (8%). This study underscores the limited diversity of VK210 variants of P. vivax populations in southern Thailand. These baseline findings facilitate monitoring for potential new parasite variants, aiding in the future control and management of P. vivax in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tachin Khulmanee
- Drug Research Unit for Malaria, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Thanyapit Thita
- Drug Research Unit for Malaria, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | | | - Usa Boonyuen
- Department of Molecular Tropical Medicine and Genetics, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | | | | | - Rimi Chakrabarti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Srivicha Krudsood
- Clinical Malaria Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Mathirut Mungthin
- Department of Parasitology, Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Rapatbhorn Patrapuvich
- Drug Research Unit for Malaria, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Bibi Z, Fatima A, Rani R, Maqbool A, Khan S, Naz S, Waseem S. Genetic characterization of Plasmodium vivax isolates from Pakistan using circumsporozoite protein (pvcsp) and merozoite surface protein-1 (pvmsp-1) genes as genetic markers. Malar J 2021; 20:112. [PMID: 33632220 PMCID: PMC7908770 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03654-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Plasmodium vivax contributes to over 70% malaria burden in Pakistan, but limited data exists on various aspects including genetic diversity of the parasite as compared to other parts of the world. Since the information about the genetic diversity of P. vivax assists to understand the population dynamics of the parasite, the current study was designed to understand population divergence of P. vivax in Pakistan using circumsporozoite protein (pvcsp) and merozoite surface protein-1 (pvmsp-1) genes as molecular markers. Methods The PCR for pvcsp and pvmsp-1 genes was carried out for 150 P. vivax isolates, followed by DNA sequencing of 35 and 30, respectively. Genetic diversity and polymorphism were analysed using ChromasPro, ClustalW, MEGA7, DnaSP v.5 and WebLogo programs. Results The PCR for pvcsp and pvmsp-1 genes was carried out for 150 P. vivax isolates and resulting the PCR products of 1100 bp for pvcsp and ~ 400 bp for pvmsp-1 genes, respectively. In the central-repeat region (CRR) of pvcsp gene, sequences comprised of four variable repeats of PRMs, out of which GDRADGQPA (PRM1), GDRAAGQPA (PRM2) were more extensively dispersed among the P. vivax isolates. Partial sequences (~ 400 bp) of block 2 of pvmsp-1 gene depicted high level of diversity. Conclusion The results revealed the polymorphism and genetic diversity especially at the CRR of pvcsp and block 2 of pvmsp-1 genes, respectively. The base-line data presented here warrants future studies to investigate more into the genetic diversity of P. vivax with large sample size from across the country for better understanding of population dynamics of P. vivax that will help to control malaria at individual and community level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Bibi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Anam Fatima
- Department of Medicine, Polyclinic Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rehana Rani
- Department of Life Sciences, Abasyn University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Maqbool
- Department of Molecular Biology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Samea Khan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shumaila Naz
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - Shahid Waseem
- Alpha Genomics (Pvt) Ltd, Islamabad, Pakistan. .,ABO SCIENTIFIC, Dhamial Road, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
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Almeida-de-Oliveira NK, de Abreu-Fernandes R, Lima-Cury L, de Lavigne AR, de Pina-Costa A, Perce-da-Silva DDS, Catanho M, Rossi AD, Brasil P, Tadeu Daniel-Ribeiro C, Ferreira-da-Cruz MDF. Balancing selection and high genetic diversity of Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite central region in parasites from Brazilian Amazon and Rio de Janeiro Atlantic Forest. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241426. [PMID: 33166298 PMCID: PMC7652573 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Circumsporozoite protein (CSP) is the primary pre-erythrocytic vaccine target in Plasmodium species. Knowledge about their genetic diversity can help predict vaccine efficacy and the spread of novel parasite variants. Thus, we investigated pvcsp gene polymorphisms in 219 isolates (136 from Brazilian Amazon [BA], 71 from Rio de Janeiro Atlantic Forest [AF], and 12 from non-Brazilian countries [NB]). Forty-eight polymorphic sites were detected, 46 in the central repeat region (CR), and two in the C-terminal region. Also, the CR presents InDels and a variable number of repeats. All samples correspond to the VK210 variant, and 24 VK210 subtypes based on CR. Nucleotide diversity (π = 0.0135) generated a significant number of haplotypes (168) with low genetic differentiation between the Brazilian regions (Fst = 0.208). The haplotype network revealed similar distances among the BA and AF regions. The linkage disequilibrium indicates that recombination does not seem to be acting in diversity, reinforcing natural selection's role in accelerating adaptive evolution. The high diversity (low Fst) and polymorphism frequencies could be indicators of balancing selection. Although malaria in BA and AF have distinct vector species and different host immune pressures, consistent genetic signature was found in two regions. The immunodominant B-cell epitope mapped in the CR varies from seven to 19 repeats. The CR T-cell epitope is conserved only in 39 samples. Concerning to C-terminal region, the Th2R epitope presented nonsynonymous SNP only in 6% of Brazilian samples, and the Th3R epitope remained conserved in all studied regions. We conclude that, although the uneven distribution of alleles may jeopardize the deployment of vaccines directed to a specific variable locus, a unique vaccine formulation could protect populations in all Brazilian regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natália Ketrin Almeida-de-Oliveira
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária (CPD-Mal), Reference Laboratory for Malaria in the Extra-Amazonian Region for the Brazilian Ministry of Health, SVS & Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rebecca de Abreu-Fernandes
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária (CPD-Mal), Reference Laboratory for Malaria in the Extra-Amazonian Region for the Brazilian Ministry of Health, SVS & Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lidiane Lima-Cury
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária (CPD-Mal), Reference Laboratory for Malaria in the Extra-Amazonian Region for the Brazilian Ministry of Health, SVS & Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aline Rosa de Lavigne
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária (CPD-Mal), Reference Laboratory for Malaria in the Extra-Amazonian Region for the Brazilian Ministry of Health, SVS & Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anielle de Pina-Costa
- Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária (CPD-Mal), Reference Laboratory for Malaria in the Extra-Amazonian Region for the Brazilian Ministry of Health, SVS & Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Doenças Febris Agudas, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro Universitário Serra dos Órgãos (UNIFESO), Teresópolis, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daiana de Souza Perce-da-Silva
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária (CPD-Mal), Reference Laboratory for Malaria in the Extra-Amazonian Region for the Brazilian Ministry of Health, SVS & Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcos Catanho
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Microrganismos, IOC, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Atila Duque Rossi
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Brasil
- Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária (CPD-Mal), Reference Laboratory for Malaria in the Extra-Amazonian Region for the Brazilian Ministry of Health, SVS & Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Doenças Febris Agudas, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Tadeu Daniel-Ribeiro
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária (CPD-Mal), Reference Laboratory for Malaria in the Extra-Amazonian Region for the Brazilian Ministry of Health, SVS & Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria de Fátima Ferreira-da-Cruz
- Laboratório de Pesquisa em Malária, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Centro de Pesquisa, Diagnóstico e Treinamento em Malária (CPD-Mal), Reference Laboratory for Malaria in the Extra-Amazonian Region for the Brazilian Ministry of Health, SVS & Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Capobianco MP, Cassiano GC, Storti-Melo LM, Pimenta TS, Rodrigues APD, Arruda JEG, Pinto MR, Baptista ARDS, Pratt-Riccio LR, Bonini-Domingos CR, de Oliveira-Ferreira J, Machado RLD. Polymorphism in the IL-1β promoter is associated with IgG antibody response to circumsporozoite protein repeats of Plasmodium vivax. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2020; 114:858-865. [PMID: 32766886 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/traa055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well established that infection by Plasmodium vivax is a result of host-parasite interactions. In the present study, association with the IL1/IL2 cytokine profiles, anticircumsporozoite protein antibody levels and parasitic loads was evaluated in individuals naturally infected with P. vivax in an endemic area of the Brazilian Amazon. METHODS Molecular diagnosis of P. vivax and variants was performed using the PCR-RFLP method and IL1B -511C>T, IL2 -330T>G and IL2+114T>G polymorphisms were identified using PCR-RFLP and allele-specific PCR. IL-1β and IL-2 cytokine levels were detected by flow cytometry and circumsporozoite protein (CSP) antibodies were measured by ELISA. RESULTS Three variants of P. vivax CSP were identified and VK247 was found to be the most frequent. However, the prevalence and magnitude of IgG antibodies were higher for the VK210 variant. Furthermore, the antibody response to the CSP variants was not associated with the presence of the variant in the infection. Significant differences were observed between the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) -511T>C in the IL1B gene and levels of antibodies to the VK247 and P. vivax-like variants, but there were no associations between SNPs in IL1 and IL2 genes and their plasma products. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with the rs16944 CC genotype in the IL1β gene have higher antibody levels to the CSP of P. vivax of VK247 and P. vivax-like variants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gustavo Capatti Cassiano
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Institut, Lisboa University, Portugal
| | | | - Tamirys Simão Pimenta
- Laboratory of Malaria Immunogenetics, Evandro Chagas Institute/Health Ministry, Pará, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Drummond Rodrigues
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Evandro Chagas Institute/Health Ministry, University Federal do Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Gomes Arruda
- Center of Microorganisms Investigation, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcia Ribeiro Pinto
- Center of Microorganisms Investigation, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Ricardo Luiz Dantas Machado
- Graduate Program in Biosciences, São Paulo State University, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Center of Microorganisms Investigation, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Võ TC, Lê HG, Kang JM, Moe M, Naw H, Myint MK, Lee J, Sohn WM, Kim TS, Na BK. Genetic polymorphism and natural selection of circumsporozoite protein in Myanmar Plasmodium vivax. Malar J 2020; 19:303. [PMID: 32883283 PMCID: PMC7650223 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-020-03366-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circumsporozoite surface protein (CSP) of malaria parasites has been recognized as one of the leading vaccine candidates. Clinical trials of vaccines for vivax malaria incorporating Plasmodium vivax CSP (PvCSP) have demonstrated their effectiveness in preventing malaria, at least in part. However, genetic diversity of pvcsp in the natural population remains a major concern. Methods A total of 171 blood samples collected from patients infected with Plasmodium vivax in Myanmar were analysed in this study. The pvcsp was amplified by polymerase chain reaction, followed by cloning and sequencing. Polymorphic characteristics and natural selection of pvcsp population in Myanmar were analysed using DNASTAR, MEGA6 and DnaSP programs. The polymorphic pattern and natural selection of publicly accessible global pvcsp sequences were also comparatively analysed. Results Myanmar pvcsp sequences were divided into two subtypes VK210 and VK247 comprising 143 and 28 sequences, respectively. The VK210 subtypes showed higher levels of genetic diversity and polymorphism than the VK247 subtypes. The N-terminal non-repeat region of pvcsp displayed limited genetic variations in the global population. Different patterns of octapeptide insertion (ANKKAEDA in VK210 and ANKKAGDA in VK247) and tetrapeptide repeat motif (GGNA) were identified in the C-terminal region of global pvcsp population. Meanwhile, the central repeat region (CRR) of Myanmar and global pvcsp, both in VK210 and VK247 variants, was highly polymorphic. The high level of genetic diversity in the CRR has been attributed to the different numbers, types and combinations of peptide repeat motifs (PRMs). Interestingly, 27 and 5 novel PRMs were found in Myanmar VK210 and VK247 variants, respectively. Conclusion Comparative analysis of the global pvcsp population suggests a complex genetic profile of pvcsp in the global population. These results widen understanding of the genetic make-up of pvcsp in the global P. vivax population and provide valuable information for the development of a vaccine based on PvCSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuấn Cường Võ
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.,BK21Plus Team for Anti-aging Biotechnology and Industry, Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Hương Giang Lê
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.,BK21Plus Team for Anti-aging Biotechnology and Industry, Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Mi Kang
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.,BK21Plus Team for Anti-aging Biotechnology and Industry, Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Mya Moe
- Department of Medical Research Pyin Oo Lwin Branch, Pyin Oo Lwin, Myanmar
| | - Haung Naw
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.,BK21Plus Team for Anti-aging Biotechnology and Industry, Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Moe Kyaw Myint
- Department of Medical Research Pyin Oo Lwin Branch, Pyin Oo Lwin, Myanmar
| | - Jinyoung Lee
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Woon-Mok Sohn
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Tong-Soo Kim
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung-Kuk Na
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea. .,BK21Plus Team for Anti-aging Biotechnology and Industry, Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, 52727, Republic of Korea.
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Immigrants: Big Challenge and Silent Threat to Implement Malaria Elimination Program in Hormozgan Province, Iran. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2020. [DOI: 10.5812/jjm.99725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Kaur H, Sehgal R, Kumar A, Sehgal A, Bharti PK, Bansal D, Mohapatra PK, Mahanta J, Sultan AA. Exploration of genetic diversity of Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite protein (Pvcsp) and Plasmodium vivax sexual stage antigen (Pvs25) among North Indian isolates. Malar J 2019; 18:308. [PMID: 31492135 PMCID: PMC6731556 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-2939-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria is one of the important vector-borne diseases with high fatality rates in tropical countries. The pattern of emergence and spread of novel antigenic variants, leading to escape of vaccine-induced immunity might be factors responsible for severe malaria. A high level of polymorphism has been reported among malarial antigens which are under selection pressure imposed by host immunity. There are limited reports available on comparative stage-specific genetic diversity among Plasmodium vivax candidate genes in complicated vivax malaria. The present study was planned to study genetic diversity (Pvcsp and Pvs25) among complicated and uncomplicated P. vivax isolates. METHODS Pvcsp and Pvs2-specific PCRs and DNA sequencing were performed on P. vivax PCR positive samples. Genetic diversity was analysed using appropriate software. RESULTS The present study was carried out on 143 P. vivax clinical isolates, collected from Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh. Among the classic and variant types of Pvcsp, the VK210 (99%; 115/116) was found to be predominant in both complicated and uncomplicated group isolates. Out of the various peptide repeat motifs (PRMs) observed, GDRADGQPA (PRM1) and GDRAAGQPA (PRM2) was the most widely distributed among the P. vivax isolates. Whereas among the Pvs25 isolates, 100% of double mutants (E97Q/I130T) in both the complicated (45/45) as well as in the uncomplicated (81/81) group was observed. CONCLUSION An analysis of genetic variability enables an understanding of the role of genetic variants in severe vivax malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hargobinder Kaur
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India
| | - Rakesh Sehgal
- Department of Medical Parasitology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - Archit Kumar
- Department of Virology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Alka Sehgal
- Department of Obstt. & Gynae, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India
| | - Praveen K Bharti
- National Institute for Research in Tribal Health, Indian Council of Medical Research, Nagpur Road, Garha, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Devendra Bansal
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, Doha, Qatar.,Ministry of Public Health, Doha, Qatar
| | - Pradyumna K Mohapatra
- Regional Medical Research Centre, NE, Indian Council of Medical Research, Post Box no.105, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Jagadish Mahanta
- Regional Medical Research Centre, NE, Indian Council of Medical Research, Post Box no.105, Dibrugarh, Assam, India
| | - Ali A Sultan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Qatar Foundation-Education City, Doha, Qatar
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasmodium vivax remains a potential cause of morbidity and mortality for people living where it is endemic. Understanding the regional genetic diversity of P. vivax is valuable for studying population dynamics and tracing the origins of parasites. The Plasmodium vivax circumsporozoite gene (PvCSP) is highly polymorphic and has been used previously as a marker in P. vivax population studies. The aim of this study is to investigate the genetic diversity of the PvCSP, to provide more genetic polymorphism data for further studies on P. vivax population structure, and tracking of the origin of clinical cases. METHODS Nested PCR and DNA sequencing of the PvCSP were performed to obtain nucleotide sequences of P. vivax isolates collected from Zhejiang province, China, between 2006 and 2014. To investigate the genetic diversity of PvCSP, the nucleotide sequences and amino acid sequences of the PvCSP were analyzed using DNAstar, Mega software and the phylogenetic tree constructed. The relatedness between the polymorphism and infection source were also analyzed using the SPSS software. RESULTS The 66 P. vivax isolates collected from Zhejiang province were either indigenous cases or cases imported from different regions of the world. All 66 P. vivax isolates belonged to the VK210 variant. Fourteen different Peptide Repeat Motifs (PRMs) were detected in the Central Repeat Region (CRR) of PvCSP, among which, two PRMs of GDRADGQPA and GDRAAGQPA were widely distributed in all isolates. Several polymorphic characteristics of the VK210 variant were observed, including the insertion sequence of 12 peptides, the frequency of the GGNA repeat, the frequency of the PRMs repeat in CRR, and the frequency of the PRM of GNGAGGQAA repeat, which were indicative for tracking the parasite. CONCLUSION This study presents abundant genetic diversity in the PvCSP marker among P. vivax strains around the world. The genetic data are valuable to expand the polymorphism information on P. vivax, which could be helpful for further study on population dynamics and tracking the origin of P. vivax.
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Biological, immunological and functional properties of two novel multi-variant chimeric recombinant proteins of CSP antigens for vaccine development against Plasmodium vivax infection. Mol Immunol 2017; 90:158-171. [PMID: 28800475 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The circumsporozoite protein (CSP) of the malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax is a major pre-erythrocyte vaccine candidate. The protein has a central repeat region that belongs to one of repeat families (VK210, VK247, and the P. vivax-like). In the present study, computer modelling was employed to select chimeric proteins, comprising the conserved regions and different arrangements of the repeat elements (VK210 and VK247), whose structure is similar to that of the native counterparts. DNA encoding the selected chimeras (named CS127 and CS712) were synthetically constructed based on E. coli codons, then cloned and expressed. Mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs; anti-Pv-210-CDC and -Pv-247-CDC), recognized the chimeric antigens in ELISA, indicating correct conformation and accessibility of the B-cell epitopes. ELISA using IgG from plasma samples collected from 221 Iranian patients with acute P. vivax showed that only 49.32% of the samples reacted to both CS127 and CS712 proteins. The dominant subclass for the two chimeras was IgG1 (48% of the positive responders, OD492=0.777±0.420 for CS127; 48.41% of the positive responders, OD492=0.862±0.423 for CS712, with no statistically significant difference P>0.05; Wilcoxon signed ranks test). Binding assays showed that both chimeric proteins bound to immobilized heparan sulphate and HepG2 hepatocyte cells in a concentration-dependent manner, saturable at 80μg/mL. Additionally, anti-CS127 and -CS712 antibodies raised in mice recognized the native protein on the surface of P. vivax sporozoite with high intensity, confirming the presence of common epitopes between the recombinant forms and the native proteins. In summary, despite structural differences at the molecular level, the expression levels of both chimeras were satisfactory, and their conformational structure retained biological function, thus supporting their potential for use in the development of vivax-based vaccine.
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Simon B, Sow F, Al Mukhaini SK, Al-Abri S, Ali OAM, Bonnot G, Bienvenu AL, Petersen E, Picot S. An outbreak of locally acquired Plasmodium vivax malaria among migrant workers in Oman. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 24:25. [PMID: 28695821 PMCID: PMC5504921 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2017028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium vivax is the most widely distributed human malaria parasite. Outside sub-Saharan Africa, the proportion of P. vivax malaria is rising. A major cause for concern is the re-emergence of Plasmodium vivax in malaria-free areas. Oman, situated in the south-eastern corner of the Arabian Peninsula, has long been an area of vivax malaria transmission but no locally acquired cases were reported in 2004. However, local transmission has been registered in small outbreaks since 2007. In this study, a local outbreak of 54 cases over 50 days in 2014 was analyzed retrospectively and stained blood slides have been obtained for parasite identification and genotyping. The aim of this study was to identify the geographical origin of these cases, in an attempt to differentiate between imported cases and local transmission. Using circumsporozoite protein (csp), merozoite surface protein 1 (msp1), and merozoite surface protein 3 (msp3) markers for genotyping of parasite DNA obtained by scrapping off the surface of smears, genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis were performed. The study found that the samples had very low genetic diversity, a temperate genotype, and a high genetic distance, with most of the reference strains coming from endemic countries. We conclude that a small outbreak of imported malaria is not associated with re-emergence of malaria transmission in Oman, as no new cases have been seen since the outbreak ended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Simon
- Malaria Research Unit, SMITh, ICBMS UMR 5246, University of Lyon, Campus Lyon-Tech La Doua, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Fatimata Sow
- Malaria Research Unit, SMITh, ICBMS UMR 5246, University of Lyon, Campus Lyon-Tech La Doua, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Said K Al Mukhaini
- The Department of Malaria, Directorate General for Disease Surveillance and Control, Ministry of Health, P. O. Box 393, Postal Code 113, Muscat, Oman
| | - Seif Al-Abri
- Directorate General for Disease Surveillance and Control, Ministry of Health, P. O. Box 2657, CPO 111, Muscat, Oman
| | - Osama A M Ali
- The Department of Malaria, Directorate General for Disease Surveillance and Control, Ministry of Health, P. O. Box 393, Postal Code 113, Muscat, Oman
| | - Guillaume Bonnot
- Malaria Research Unit, SMITh, ICBMS UMR 5246, University of Lyon, Campus Lyon-Tech La Doua, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Anne-Lise Bienvenu
- Malaria Research Unit, SMITh, ICBMS UMR 5246, University of Lyon, Campus Lyon-Tech La Doua, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France - Service Pharmacie, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 103 Grande Rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69317 Lyon, France
| | - Eskild Petersen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Royal Hospital, P. O. Box 1331, CPO 111, Muscat, Oman - Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Aarhus, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Stéphane Picot
- Malaria Research Unit, SMITh, ICBMS UMR 5246, University of Lyon, Campus Lyon-Tech La Doua, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbanne, France - Institut de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 103 Grande Rue de la Croix-Rousse, 69317 Lyon, France
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Mehrizi AA, Torabi F, Zakeri S, Djadid ND. Limited genetic diversity in the global Plasmodium vivax Cell traversal protein of Ookinetes and Sporozoites (CelTOS) sequences; implications for PvCelTOS-based vaccine development. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2017; 53:239-247. [PMID: 28600217 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cell traversal protein of Ookinetes and Sporozoites (CelTOS) is a new malaria vaccine candidate antigen. Since one of the main challenges in malaria vaccine development is the extensive antigenic diversity of this parasite, local and global gene diversity analysis is of particular importance. Therefore, in this study, the genetic diversity of pvceltos gene was investigated among Iranian P. vivax isolates (n=46) and compared with available worldwide pvceltos sequences. One synonymous (C109A) and three amino acid replacements (V118L, K178T, and G179R) were observed in Iranian pvceltos sequences in compare with Sal-1 sequence leading to five haplotypes including PvCelt-A (GSVKGL, 13%), PvCelt-B (GSLKGL, 50%), PvCelt-C (GSLTGL, 17.4%), PvCelt-D (GSVTGL, 13%) and PvCelt-E (GSLTRL, 6.5%). However, amino acid replacements were observed in six positions (G10S, S40N, V118L/M, K178T, G179R/D and L181R) in PvCelTOS antigen of global isolates leading to 11 distinct haplotypes. PvCelt-A and PvCelt-B haplotypes were the most common haplotypes in the world. The overall nucleotide diversity for Iranian isolates was 0.00169, while, the level of nucleotide diversity was ranged from 0.00252 for Thailand to 0.00022 for Peru populations in the world. The analysis of SNPs in relation with the predicted immunodominant regions revealed that only K178T and G179R SNPs are located in putative B-cell epitopes. All replacements were located in CD4+ and/or CD8+ T-cell epitopes. However, the majority of epitopes are located in conserved regions. Knowing whether these changes may alter the affinity of the epitopes for antibodies and/or MHC molecules remains to be investigated in experimental studies. In conclusion, the present study showed a very limited genetic diversity in pvceltos gene among the global clinical isolates that can be regarded as a potential candidate antigen to apply for vivax-based malaria vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Abouie Mehrizi
- Malaria and Vector Research Group (MVRG), Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, P.O. Box 1316943551, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fatemeh Torabi
- Malaria and Vector Research Group (MVRG), Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, P.O. Box 1316943551, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Tehran Medical Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sedigheh Zakeri
- Malaria and Vector Research Group (MVRG), Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, P.O. Box 1316943551, Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Dinparast Djadid
- Malaria and Vector Research Group (MVRG), Biotechnology Research Center (BRC), Pasteur Institute of Iran, P.O. Box 1316943551, Tehran, Iran
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