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Guerriero G, Viel A, Feltri V, Balboni A, Yan G, Monnier S, Lollo G, Dehoux T. Predicting nanocarriers' efficacy in 3D models with Brillouin microscopy. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:19255-19267. [PMID: 37990811 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr03502f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Thanks to their unique nanoscale properties, nanomedicines can overcome some of the shortcomings of conventional therapies. For better predictive screening, it is important to assess their performance in three-dimensional (3D) multicellular tumour spheroids (MCTS) that can recapitulate the physiological barriers found in real tumours. Today, the evaluation of drug delivery nanosystems in MCTS is mainly explored by means of microscopy techniques that are invasive and require fluorescent labels which modify the composition and fate of the carriers. In recent years, a new quantitative microscopy technique based on Brillouin light scattering (BLS) has been proposed that uses the interaction of laser light with picosecond timescale density fluctuations in the sample. Because it is label-free, all-optical and non-destructive, BLS has gained interest in the pharmaceutical and biomedical fields. In this work, we implemented a fast BLS spectrometer and used the Brillouin frequency shift at the center of the MCTS as a quantitative readout for drug efficacy. We first investigated the ability of this setup to quantify drug efficacy in MCTS grown in classical multiwell plates and concluded that the low number of samples available in the multiwells limits the statistical significance of the results. To improve the throughput, we then combined the microscope with agarose microwells designed to fabricate a large number of MCTS and test 50 MCTS in less than a minute. Using this platform, we assessed the efficacy of polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with a platinum derivative anticancer drug (dichloro(1,2-diaminocyclohexane)platinum(II)) in reducing the growth of colorectal cancer cells (HCT-116) in MCTS. We observe a time- and dose-dependent decrease in the frequency shift, revealing the progressive loss of mechanical integrity in the MCTS. These results demonstrate that BLS probing of MCTS grown in agarose microwells is a promising tool for high-throughput screening of nanocarriers in 3D models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Guerriero
- Laboratoire d'Automatique, de Génie des Procédés et de Génie Pharmaceutique, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5007, 43 bd 11 Novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Alexis Viel
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306, Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Veronica Feltri
- Laboratoire d'Automatique, de Génie des Procédés et de Génie Pharmaceutique, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5007, 43 bd 11 Novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Alice Balboni
- Laboratoire d'Automatique, de Génie des Procédés et de Génie Pharmaceutique, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5007, 43 bd 11 Novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Guqi Yan
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306, Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Sylvain Monnier
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306, Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Giovanna Lollo
- Laboratoire d'Automatique, de Génie des Procédés et de Génie Pharmaceutique, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS UMR 5007, 43 bd 11 Novembre 1918, 69622, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Thomas Dehoux
- Institut Lumière Matière, UMR5306, Université Lyon 1-CNRS, Université de Lyon, 69622 Villeurbanne, France.
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Desoutter A, Felbacq D, Gergely C, Varga B, Bonnet L, Etienne P, Vialla R, Cuisinier F, Salehi H, Rousseau E, Rufflé B. Properties of dentin, enamel and their junction, studied with Brillouin scattering and compared to Raman microscopy. Arch Oral Biol 2023; 152:105733. [PMID: 37247560 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2023.105733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dentin, enamel and the transition zone, called the dentin-enamel junction (DEJ), have an organization and properties that play a critical role in tooth resilience and in stopping the propagation of cracks. Understanding their chemical and micro-biomechanical properties is then of foremost importance. The aim of this study is to apply Brillouin microscopy on a complex biological structure, that is, the DEJ, and to compare these results with those obtained with Raman microscopy. DESIGN Both techniques allow noncontact measurements at the microscopic scale. Brillouin microscopy is based on the interaction between acoustic phonons and laser photons and gives a relation between the frequency shift of the scattered light and the stiffness of the sample. Raman spectra contain peaks related to specific chemical bonds. RESULTS Comparison of the Brillouin and Raman cartographies reveals correlations between mechanical and chemical properties. Indeed, the shapes of the phosphate content and stiffness curves are similar. The two spectroscopies give compatible values for the mean distance between two tubules, i.e., 4-6 µm. Moreover, for the first time, the daily cross striations of enamel could be studied, indicating a relationship between the variation in the phosphate concentration and the variation in the rigidity within the enamel prisms. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate here the possibility of using Brillouin scattering microscopy to both study complex biological materials such as the enamel-dentin junction and visualize secondary structures. Correlations between the chemical composition and mechanical properties could help in better understanding the tissue histology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alban Desoutter
- LBN, Univ. Montpellier, 545 avenue Professeur Jean-Louis Viala, 34193 Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
| | - Didier Felbacq
- L2C, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, place Eugène Bataillon, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Csilla Gergely
- L2C, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, place Eugène Bataillon, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Béla Varga
- L2C, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, place Eugène Bataillon, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Laurent Bonnet
- L2C, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, place Eugène Bataillon, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Pascal Etienne
- L2C, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, place Eugène Bataillon, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Remy Vialla
- L2C, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, place Eugène Bataillon, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Frédéric Cuisinier
- LBN, Univ. Montpellier, 545 avenue Professeur Jean-Louis Viala, 34193 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Hamideh Salehi
- LBN, Univ. Montpellier, 545 avenue Professeur Jean-Louis Viala, 34193 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Emmanuel Rousseau
- L2C, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, place Eugène Bataillon, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Benoit Rufflé
- L2C, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, place Eugène Bataillon, 34090 Montpellier, France
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Radmilović MD, Drvenica IT, Rabasović MD, Ilić VL, Pavlović D, Oasa S, Vukojević V, Perić M, Nikolić SN, Krmpot AJ. Interactions of ultrashort laser pulses with hemoglobin: Photophysical aspects and potential applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125312. [PMID: 37302636 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hemoglobin (Hb), a life-sustaining and highly abundant erythrocyte protein, is not readily fluorescent. A few studies have already reported Two-Photon Excited Fluorescence (TPEF) of Hb, however, the mechanisms through which Hb becomes fluorescent upon interaction with ultrashort laser pulses are not completely understood. Here, we characterized photophysically this interaction on Hb thin film and erythrocytes using fluorescence spectroscopy upon single-photon/two-photon absorption, and UV-VIS single-photon absorption spectroscopy. A gradual increase of the fluorescence intensity, ending up with saturation, is observed upon prolonged exposure of Hb thin layer and erythrocytes to ultrashort laser pulses at 730 nm. When compared to protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) and oxidized Hb by H2O2, TPEF spectra from a thin Hb film and erythrocytes showed good mutual agreement, broad peaking at 550 nm, supporting hemoglobin undergoes degradation and that same fluorescent specie(s) originating from the heme moiety are generated. The uniform square shaped patterns of the fluorescent photoproduct exhibited the same level of the fluorescence intensity even after 12 weeks from the formation, indicating high photoproduct stability. We finally demonstrated the full potential of the formed Hb photoproduct with TPEF scanning microscopy towards spatiotemporally controlled micropatterning in HTF and single human erythrocyte labelling and tracking in the whole blood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivana T Drvenica
- Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Vesna Lj Ilić
- Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danica Pavlović
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sho Oasa
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vladana Vukojević
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mina Perić
- Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Stanko N Nikolić
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Division of Arts and Sciences, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Aleksandar J Krmpot
- Institute of Physics Belgrade, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Division of Arts and Sciences, Texas A&M University at Qatar, Doha, Qatar.
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Passeri AA, Di Michele A, Neri I, Cottone F, Fioretto D, Mattarelli M, Caponi S. Size and environment: The effect of phonon localization on micro-Brillouin imaging. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 147:213341. [PMID: 36827851 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Specifically designed samples have been analyzed to test the ability of Brillouin spectroscopy to provide reliable mechanical characterization of micro and nano-objects. The selected samples are polymeric films, whose transversal sizes from hundreds of nano- to some micro-meters cover the entire range of length-scales relevant in Brillouin scattering process. The experimental data highlight how, the size of the extended collective oscillation (acoustic phonons, in brief) is the lowest spatial resolution reachable in Brillouin mechanical characterization. Conversely, in the limit condition of phonon confinement, the technique provides the mechanical properties of nano-objects whose characteristic size is comparable with the phonon wavelength (⁓300 nm). Investigating acoustically heterogeneous materials, both size of heterogeneity and acoustic mismatch between adjacent regions are shown to be relevant in shaping the Brillouin response. In particular, a transition from a confined to a non-confined condition is obtained modulating the acoustic mismatch between the micro-objects and their local environment. The provided results and the derived analytic models for the data analysis will guide the interpretation of Brillouin spectra acquired in complex nano-structured samples such as cells, tissues or biomimetic materials. Our analysis can therefore generate new insights to tackle fundamental problems in mechanobiology or to characterize new bioengineered materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Passeri
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università di Perugia, Via A. Pascoli, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - A Di Michele
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università di Perugia, Via A. Pascoli, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - I Neri
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università di Perugia, Via A. Pascoli, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - F Cottone
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università di Perugia, Via A. Pascoli, I-06100 Perugia, Italy
| | - D Fioretto
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università di Perugia, Via A. Pascoli, I-06100 Perugia, Italy; CEMIN, Centre of Excellence on Nanostructured Innovative Materials, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - M Mattarelli
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, Università di Perugia, Via A. Pascoli, I-06100 Perugia, Italy.
| | - S Caponi
- Istituto Officina dei Materiali, National Research Council (IOM-CNR), Unit of Perugia, c/o Department of Physics and Geology, University of Perugia, Via A. Pascoli, I-06123 Perugia, Italy.
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Zykova VA, Surovtsev NV. Brillouin Spectroscopy of Binary Phospholipid-Cholesterol Bilayers. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2022; 76:1206-1215. [PMID: 35712869 DOI: 10.1177/00037028221111147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Multicomponent lipid bilayers are used as models for searching the origin of spatial heterogeneities in biomembranes called lipid rafts, implying the coexistence of domains of different phases and compositions within the lipid bilayer. The spatial organization of multicomponent lipid bilayers on a scale of a hundred nanometers remains unknown. Brillouin spectroscopy providing information about the acoustic phonons with the wavelength of several hundred nanometers has an unexplored potential for this problem. Here, we applied Brillouin spectroscopy for three binary bilayers composed of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC), 1,2-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), and cholesterol. The Brillouin experiment for the oriented planar multibilayers was realized for two scattering geometries involving phonons for the lateral and normal directions of the propagation. The DPPC-DOPC mixtures known for the coexistence of the solid-ordered and liquid-disordered phases had bimodal Brillouin peaks, revealing the phase domains with sizes more than a hundred nanometers. Analysis of the Brillouin data for the binary mixtures concluded that the lateral phonons are preferable for testing the lateral homogeneity of the bilayers, while the phonons spreading across the bilayers are sensitive to the layered packing at the mesoscopic scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria A Zykova
- 104673Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Nikolay V Surovtsev
- 104673Institute of Automation and Electrometry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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6
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Rix J, Rüsing M, Galli R, Golde J, Reitzig S, Eng LM, Koch E. Brillouin and Raman imaging of domain walls in periodically-poled 5%-MgO:LiNbO3. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:5051-5062. [PMID: 35209476 DOI: 10.1364/oe.447554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recently, ferroelectric domain walls (DWs) have attracted considerable attention due to their intrinsic topological effects and their huge potential for optoelectronic applications. In contrast, many of the underlying physical properties and phenomena are not well characterized. In this regard, analyzing the vibrational properties, e.g. by Raman spectroscopy, provides direct access to the various local material properties, such as strains, defects or electric fields. While the optical phonon spectra of DWs have been widely investigated in the past, no reports on the acoustic phonon properties of DWs exist. In this work, we present a joint Raman and Brillouin visualization of ferroelectric DWs in the model ferroelectric lithium niobate. This is possible by using a combined Raman and virtually imaged phased array Brillouin setup. Here, we show that DWs can be visualized via frequency shifts observed in the acoustic phonons, as well. The observed contrast then is qualitatively explained by models adapted from Raman spectroscopy. This work, hence, provides a novel route to study ferroelectric DWs and their intrinsic mechanical properties.
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Rioboó RJJ, Gontán N, Sanderson D, Desco M, Gómez-Gaviro MV. Brillouin Spectroscopy: From Biomedical Research to New Generation Pathology Diagnosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8055. [PMID: 34360822 PMCID: PMC8347166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brillouin spectroscopy has recently gained considerable interest within the biomedical field as an innovative tool to study mechanical properties in biology. The Brillouin effect is based on the inelastic scattering of photons caused by their interaction with thermodynamically driven acoustic modes or phonons and it is highly dependent on the material's elasticity. Therefore, Brillouin is a contactless, label-free optic approach to elastic and viscoelastic analysis that has enabled unprecedented analysis of ex vivo and in vivo mechanical behavior of several tissues with a micrometric resolution, paving the way to a promising future in clinical diagnosis. Here, we comprehensively review the different studies of this fast-moving field that have been performed up to date to provide a quick guide of the current literature. In addition, we offer a general view of Brillouin's biomedical potential to encourage its further development to reach its implementation as a feasible, cost-effective pathology diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael J. Jiménez Rioboó
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), C/Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, 3, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Nuria Gontán
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (N.G.); (D.S.)
- Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III, 28911 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Sanderson
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (N.G.); (D.S.)
- Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III, 28911 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Desco
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (N.G.); (D.S.)
- Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III, 28911 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Victoria Gómez-Gaviro
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Spain; (N.G.); (D.S.)
- Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III, 28911 Madrid, Spain
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8
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Liu H, Li X, Chen Z, Bai L, Wang Y, Lv W. Synergic fabrication of pembrolizumab loaded doxorubicin incorporating microbubbles delivery for ultrasound contrast agents mediated anti-proliferation and apoptosis. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:1466-1477. [PMID: 34259093 PMCID: PMC8281080 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1921080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated pembrolizumab-conjugated, doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded microbubbles (PDMs) in combination with ultrasound (US) as molecular imaging agents for early diagnosis of B cell lymphomas, and as a targeted drug delivery system. Pembrolizumab, a monoclonal CD20 antibody, was attached to the surfaces of DOX-loaded microbubbles. PDM binding to B cell lymphoma cells was assessed using immunofluorescence. The cytotoxic effects of PDMs in combination with ultrasound (PDMs + US) were evaluated in vitro in CD20+ and CD20– cell lines, and its antitumor activities were assessed in Raji (CD20+) and Jurkat (CD20–) lymphoma cell-grafted mice. PDMs specifically bound to CD20+ cells in vitro and in vivo. Contrast enhancement was monitored in vivo via US. PDM peak intensities and contrast enhancement durations were higher in Raji than in Jurkat cell-grafted mice (p < 0.05). PDMs + US treatment resulted in improved antitumor effects and reduced systemic toxicity in Raji cell-grafted mice compared with other treatments (p < .05). Our results showed that PDMs + US enhanced tumor targeting, reduced systemic toxicity, and inhibited CD20+ B cell lymphoma growth in vivo. Targeted PDMs could be employed as US molecular imaging agents for early diagnosis, and are an effective targeted drug delivery system in combination with US for CD20+ B cell malignancy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar City, PR China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar City, PR China
| | - Zihe Chen
- School of Medical Technology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar City, PR China
| | - Lianjie Bai
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar City, PR China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar City, PR China
| | - Weiyang Lv
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical College, Qiqihar City, PR China
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Bailey M, Gardner B, Alunni-Cardinali M, Caponi S, Fioretto D, Stone N, Palombo F. Predicting the Refractive Index of Tissue Models Using Light Scattering Spectroscopy. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 75:574-580. [PMID: 33319606 PMCID: PMC8114435 DOI: 10.1177/0003702820984482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report the application of Raman microspectroscopy for analysis of the refractive index of a range of tissue phantoms. Using both a custom-developed setup with visible laser source and a commercial microspectrometer with near infrared laser, we measured the Raman spectra of gelatin hydrogels at various concentrations. By building a calibration curve from measured refractometry data and Raman scattering intensity for different vibrational modes of the hydrogel, we were able to predict the refractive indices of the gels from their Raman spectra. This work highlights the importance of a correlative approach through Brillouin-Raman microspectroscopy for the mechano-chemical analysis of biologically relevant samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Bailey
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Benjamin Gardner
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Silvia Caponi
- CNR-IOM – Istituto Officina dei Materiali – Research Unit in Perugia, c/o Department of Physics and Geology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Daniele Fioretto
- Department of Physics and Geology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Nick Stone
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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Pagano S, Lombardo G, Caponi S, Costanzi E, Di Michele A, Bruscoli S, Xhimitiku I, Coniglio M, Valenti C, Mattarelli M, Rossi G, Cianetti S, Marinucci L. Bio-mechanical characterization of a CAD/CAM PMMA resin for digital removable prostheses. Dent Mater 2021; 37:e118-e130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Zhang J, Scarcelli G. Mapping mechanical properties of biological materials via an add-on Brillouin module to confocal microscopes. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:1251-1275. [PMID: 33452504 PMCID: PMC8218248 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-020-00457-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Several techniques have been developed over the past few decades to assess the mechanical properties of biological samples, which has fueled a rapid growth in the fields of biophysics, bioengineering, and mechanobiology. In this context, Brillouin optical spectroscopy has long been known as an intriguing modality for noncontact material characterization. However, limited by speed and sample damage, it had not translated into a viable imaging modality for biomedically relevant materials. Recently, based on a novel spectroscopy strategy that substantially improves the speed of Brillouin measurement, confocal Brillouin microscopy has emerged as a unique complementary tool to traditional methods as it allows noncontact, nonperturbative, label-free measurements of material mechanical properties. The feasibility and potential of this innovative technique at both the cell and tissue level have been extensively demonstrated over the past decade. As Brillouin technology is rapidly recognized, a standard approach for building and operating Brillouin microscopes is required to facilitate the widespread adoption of this technology. In this protocol, we aim to establish a robust approach for instrumentation, and data acquisition and analysis. By carefully following this protocol, we expect that a Brillouin instrument can be built in 5-9 days by a person with basic optics knowledge and alignment experience; the data acquisition as well as postprocessing can be accomplished within 2-8 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitao Zhang
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - Giuliano Scarcelli
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
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Yan G, Bazir A, Margueritat J, Dehoux T. Evaluation of commercial virtually imaged phase array and Fabry-Pérot based Brillouin spectrometers for applications to biology. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 11:6933-6944. [PMID: 33408971 PMCID: PMC7747923 DOI: 10.1364/boe.401087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Measuring the complex mechanical properties of biological objects has become a necessity to answer key questions in mechanobiology and to propose innovative clinical and therapeutic strategies. In this context, Brillouin light scattering (BLS) has recently come into vogue, offering quantitative imaging of the mechanical properties without labels and with a micrometer resolution. In biological samples, the magnitude of the spectral changes are typically of a few tens of MHz, and the ability of modern spectrometers to monitor such subtle changes needs to be evaluated. Moreover, the multiplicity of variations in optical arrangements, specific to each lab, requires to set a standard for the assessment of the characteristics of BLS systems. In this paper we propose a protocol to evaluate the precision and accuracy of two commercial spectrometers that is reproducible across labs. For a meaningful comparison, we coupled the spectrometers to the same microscope and to the same laser. We first evaluated the optimum acquisition time and laser power. We evaluated the precision using pure water samples. We determined the accuracy by probing water solutions with increasing concentration of salt and comparing it with theory. Following these quantifications, we applied the VIPA-based spectrometer to tumor spheroids engineered from different cell lines that possess different metastatic potentials and resistance to therapies. On these models, we detected significant changes in the linewidth suggesting that BLS measurements of the viscosity could be used as a read-out to distinguish different levels of drug resistance.
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