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Mhaske A, Shukla S, Ahirwar K, Singh KK, Shukla R. Receptor-Assisted Nanotherapeutics for Overcoming the Blood-Brain Barrier. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04015-9. [PMID: 38558360 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a distinguishing checkpoint that segregates peripheral organs from neural compartment. It protects the central nervous system from harmful ambush of antigens and pathogens. Owing to such explicit selectivity, the BBB hinders passage of various neuroprotective drug molecules that escalates into poor attainability of neuroprotective agents towards the brain. However, few molecules can surpass the BBB and gain access in the brain parenchyma by exploiting surface transporters and receptors. For successful development of brain-targeted therapy, understanding of BBB transporters and receptors is crucial. This review focuses on the transporter and receptor-based mechanistic pathway that can be manoeuvred for better comprehension of reciprocity of receptors and nanotechnological vehicle delivery. Nanotechnology has emerged as one of the expedient noninvasive approaches for brain targeting via manipulating the hurdle of the BBB. Various nanovehicles are being reported for brain-targeted delivery such as nanoparticles, nanocrystals, nanoemulsion, nanolipid carriers, liposomes and other nanovesicles. Nanotechnology-aided brain targeting can be a strategic approach to circumvent the BBB without altering the inherent nature of the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshada Mhaske
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Raebareli, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226002, India
| | - Shalini Shukla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Raebareli, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226002, India
| | - Kailash Ahirwar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Raebareli, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226002, India
| | - Kamalinder K Singh
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK.
- Biomedical Evidence-based Transdisciplinary Health Research Institute, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, PR1 2HE, UK.
| | - Rahul Shukla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Raebareli, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226002, India.
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Unnithan D, Sartaj A, Iqubal MK, Ali J, Baboota S. A neoteric annotation on the advances in combination therapy for Parkinson's disease: nanocarrier-based combination approach and future anticipation. Part II: nanocarrier design and development in focus. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2024; 21:437-456. [PMID: 38507231 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2024.2331216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The current treatment modalities available for Parkinson's disease (PD) prove inadequate due to the inherent constraints in effectively transporting bioactive compounds across the blood-brain barrier. The utilization of synergistic combinations of multiple drugs in conjunction with advanced nanotechnology, emerges as a promising avenue for the treatment of PD, offering potential breakthroughs in treatment efficacy, targeted therapy, and personalized medicine. AREAS COVERED This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the efficacy of multifactorial interventions for PD, simultaneously addressing the primary challenges of conventional therapies and highlighting how advanced technologies can help overcome these limitations. Part II focuses on the effectiveness of nanotechnology for improving pharmacokinetics of conventional therapies, through the synergistic use of dual or multiple therapeutic agents into a single nanoformulation. Significant emphasis is laid on the advancements toward innovative integrations, such as CRISPR/Cas9 with neuroprotective agents and stem cells, all effectively synergized with nanocarriers. EXPERT OPINION By using drug combinations, we can leverage their combined effects to enhance treatment efficacy and mitigate side effects through lower dosages. This article is meant to give nanocarrier-mediated co-delivery of drugs and the strategic incorporation of CRISPR/Cas9, either as an independent intervention or synergized with a neuroprotective agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devika Unnithan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Ali Sartaj
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohammad Kashif Iqubal
- Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Javed Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjula Baboota
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Xu K, Duan S, Wang W, Ouyang Q, Qin F, Guo P, Hou J, He Z, Wei W, Qin M. Nose-to-brain delivery of nanotherapeutics: Transport mechanisms and applications. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2024; 16:e1956. [PMID: 38558503 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier presents a key limitation to the administration of therapeutic molecules for the treatment of brain disease. While drugs administered orally or intravenously must cross this barrier to reach brain targets, the unique anatomical structure of the olfactory system provides a route to deliver drugs directly to the brain. Entering the brain via receptor, carrier, and adsorption-mediated transcytosis in the nasal olfactory and trigeminal regions has the potential to increase drug delivery. In this review, we introduce the physiological and anatomical structures of the nasal cavity, and summarize the possible modes of transport and the relevant receptors and carriers in the nose-to-brain pathway. Additionally, we provide examples of nanotherapeutics developed for intranasal drug delivery to the brain. Further development of nanoparticles that can be applied to intranasal delivery systems promises to improve drug efficacy and reduce drug resistance and adverse effects by increasing molecular access to the brain. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Neurological Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyao Xu
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Suqin Duan
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuhong Ouyang
- Mental Health Center and National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Feng Qin
- Mental Health Center and National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Peilin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinghan Hou
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, China
| | - Zhanlong He
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Medical Primate Research Center & Peking Union Medical College, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research Development on Severe Infectious Disease, Kunming, China
| | - Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical Preparation and Delivery, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Qin
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
- Mental Health Center and National Chengdu Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Abdoullateef BMT, El-Din Al-Mofty S, Azzazy HME. Nanoencapsulation of general anaesthetics. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2024; 6:1361-1373. [PMID: 38419874 PMCID: PMC10898439 DOI: 10.1039/d3na01012k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
General anaesthetics are routinely used to sedate patients during prolonged surgeries and administered via intravenous injection and/or inhalation. All anaesthetics have short half-lives, hence the need for their continuous administration. This causes several side effects such as pain, vomiting, nausea, bradycardia, and on rare occasions death post-administration. Several clinical trials studied the synergetic effect of a combination of anaesthetic drugs to reduce the drug load. Another solution is to encapsulate anaesthetics in nanoparticles to reduce their dose and side effects as well as achieve their sustained release manner. Different types of nanoparticles were developed as carriers of intravenous and intrathecal anaesthetics generating platforms which facilitate drug transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Nanocarriers encapsulating common anaesthetic drugs such as propofol, etomidate, and ketamine were developed and characterized in terms of size, stability, onset and duration of loss of right reflex, and tolerance to pain in small animal models. The review discusses the types of nanocarriers used to reduce the side effects of the anaesthetic drugs while prolonging the sedation time. More rigorous studies are still required to evaluate the nanocarrier formulations regarding their ability to deliver anaesthetic drugs across the BBB, safety, and finally applicability in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma M T Abdoullateef
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo New Cairo, AUC Avenue, SSE # 1184, P.O. Box 74 Cairo 11835 Egypt +20 226152559
| | - Saif El-Din Al-Mofty
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo New Cairo, AUC Avenue, SSE # 1184, P.O. Box 74 Cairo 11835 Egypt +20 226152559
| | - Hassan M E Azzazy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo New Cairo, AUC Avenue, SSE # 1184, P.O. Box 74 Cairo 11835 Egypt +20 226152559
- Department of Nanobiophotonics, Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology Albert Einstein Str. 9 Jena 07745 Germany
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Wei M, Qian N, Gao X, Lang X, Song D, Min W. Single-particle imaging of nanomedicine entering the brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2309811121. [PMID: 38252832 PMCID: PMC10835139 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2309811121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanomedicine has emerged as a revolutionary strategy of drug delivery. However, fundamentals of the nano-neuro interaction are elusive. In particular, whether nanocarriers can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and release the drug cargo inside the brain, a basic process depicted in numerous books and reviews, remains controversial. Here, we develop an optical method, based on stimulated Raman scattering, for imaging nanocarriers in tissues. Our method achieves a suite of capabilities-single-particle sensitivity, chemical specificity, and particle counting capability. With this method, we visualize individual intact nanocarriers crossing the BBB of mouse brains and quantify the absolute number by particle counting. The fate of nanocarriers after crossing the BBB shows remarkable heterogeneity across multiple scales. With a mouse model of aging, we find that blood-brain transport of nanocarriers decreases with age substantially. This technology would facilitate development of effective therapeutics for brain diseases and clinical translation of nanocarrier-based treatment in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mian Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
- Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Naixin Qian
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
- Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Xin Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
- Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Xiaoqi Lang
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
- Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Donghui Song
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
- Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
| | - Wei Min
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
- Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
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Pradhan SP, Tejaswani P, Behera A, Sahu PK. Phytomolecules from conventional to nano form: Next-generation approach for Parkinson's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 93:102136. [PMID: 38000511 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of neurodegenerative diseases is increasing exponentially worldwide. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease caused by factors like oxidative stress, gene mutation, mitochondrial dysfunction, neurotoxins, activation of microglial inflammatory mediators, deposition of Lewy's bodies, and α- synuclein proteins in the neurons leading to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the substantia nigra. Hence the development of efficacious neuro-therapy is in demand which can prevent neurodegeneration and protect the nigrostriatal pathway. One of the approaches for managing PD is reducing oxidative stress due to aging and other co-morbid diseased conditions. The phytomolecules are reported as safe and efficacious antioxidants as they contain different secondary metabolites. However, the limitations of low solubility restricted permeability through the blood-brain barrier, and low bioavailability limits their clinical evaluation and application. This review discusses the therapeutic efficacy of phytomolecules in PD and different nanotechnological approaches to improve their brain permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Priyadarshini Pradhan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - P Tejaswani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Anindita Behera
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India.
| | - Pratap Kumar Sahu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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Phukan BC, Roy R, Gahatraj I, Bhattacharya P, Borah A. Therapeutic considerations of bioactive compounds in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease: Dissecting the molecular pathways. Phytother Res 2023; 37:5657-5699. [PMID: 37823581 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Leading neurodegenerative diseases Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are characterized by the impairment of memory and motor functions, respectively. Despite several breakthroughs, there exists a lack of disease-modifying treatment strategies for these diseases, as the available drugs provide symptomatic relief and bring along side effects. Bioactive compounds are reported to bear neuroprotective properties with minimal toxicity, however, a detailed elucidation of their modes of neuroprotection is lacking. The review elucidates the neuroprotective mechanism(s) of some of the major phyto-compounds in pre-clinical and clinical studies of AD and PD to understand their potential in combating these diseases. Curcumin, eugenol, resveratrol, baicalein, sesamol and so on have proved efficient in countering the pathological hallmarks of AD and PD. Curcumin, resveratrol, caffeine and so on have reached the clinical phases of these diseases, while aromadendrin, delphinidin, cyanidin and xanthohumol are yet to be extensively explored in pre-clinical phases. The review highlights the need for extensive investigation of these compounds in the clinical stages of these diseases so as to utilize their disease-modifying abilities in the real field of treatment. Moreover, poor pharmacokinetic properties of natural compounds are constraints to their therapeutic yields and this review suggests a plausible contribution of nanotechnology in overcoming these limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rubina Roy
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Indira Gahatraj
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Anupom Borah
- Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, Assam, India
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Singh S, Shukla R. Nanovesicular-Mediated Intranasal Drug Therapy for Neurodegenerative Disease. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:179. [PMID: 37658972 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02625-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous neurodegenerative conditions, such as Alzheimer's, Huntington's, Parkinson's, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and glioblastoma multiform are now becoming significant concerns of global health. Formulation-related issues, physiological and anatomical barriers, post-administration obstacles, physical challenges, regulatory limitations, environmental hurdles, and health and safety issues have all hindered successful delivery and effective outcomes despite a variety of treatment options. In the current review, we covered the intranasal route, an alternative strategic route targeting brain for improved delivery across the BBB. The trans-nasal pathway is non-invasive, directing therapeutics directly towards brain, circumventing the barrier and reducing peripheral exposure. The delivery of nanosized vesicles loaded with drugs was also covered in the review. Nanovesicle systems are organised in concentric bilayered lipid membranes separated with aqueous layers. These carriers surmount the disadvantages posed by intranasal delivery of rapid mucociliary clearance and enzymatic degradation, and enhance retention of drug to reach the site of target. In conclusion, the review covers in-depth conclusions on numerous aspects of formulation of drug-loaded vesicular system delivery across BBB, current marketed nasal devices, significant jeopardies, potential therapeutic aids, and current advancements followed by future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalu Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow, UP, 226002, India
| | - Rahul Shukla
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow, UP, 226002, India.
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Zhang D, Zhang J, Wang Y, Wang G, Tang P, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Ouyang L. Targeting epigenetic modifications in Parkinson's disease therapy. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:1748-1777. [PMID: 37119043 DOI: 10.1002/med.21962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifactorial disease due to a complex interplay between genetic and epigenetic factors. Recent efforts shed new light on the epigenetic mechanisms involved in regulating pathways related to the development of PD, including DNA methylation, posttranslational modifications of histones, and the presence of microRNA (miRNA or miR). Epigenetic regulators are potential therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative disorders. In the review, we aim to summarize mechanisms of epigenetic regulation in PD, and describe how the DNA methyltransferases, histone deacetylases, and histone acetyltransferases that mediate the key processes of PD are attractive therapeutic targets. We discuss the use of inhibitors and/or activators of these regulators in PD models or patients, and how these small molecule epigenetic modulators elicit neuroprotective effects. Further more, given the importance of miRNAs in PD, their contributions to the underlying mechanisms of PD will be discussed as well, together with miRNA-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Pan Tang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Ouyang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
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Roy R, Paul R, Bhattacharya P, Borah A. Combating Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration in Parkinson's Disease through Nanovesicle Technology. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:2830-2848. [PMID: 37534999 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by dopaminergic neurodegeneration, resulting in dopamine depletion and motor behavior deficits. Since the discovery of L-DOPA, it has been the most prescribed drug for symptomatic relief in PD, whose prolonged use, however, causes undesirable motor fluctuations like dyskinesia and dystonia. Further, therapeutics targeting the pathological hallmarks of PD including α-synuclein aggregation, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and autophagy impairment have also been developed, yet PD treatment is a largely unmet success. The inception of the nanovesicle-based drug delivery approach over the past few decades brings add-on advantages to the therapeutic strategies for PD treatment in which nanovesicles (basically phospholipid-containing artificial structures) are used to load and deliver drugs to the target site of the body. The present review narrates the characteristic features of nanovesicles including their blood-brain barrier permeability and ability to reach dopaminergic neurons of the brain and finally discusses the current status of this technology in the treatment of PD. From the review, it becomes evident that with the assistance of nanovesicle technology, the therapeutic efficacy of anti-PD pharmaceuticals, phyto-compounds, as well as that of nucleic acids targeting α-synuclein aggregation gained a significant increment. Furthermore, owing to the multiple drug-carrying abilities of nanovesicles, combination therapy targeting multiple pathogenic events of PD has also found success in preclinical studies and will plausibly lead to effective treatment strategies in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubina Roy
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar 788011, Assam, India
| | - Rajib Paul
- Department of Zoology, Pandit Deendayal Upadhyaya Adarsha Mahavidyalaya (PDUAM), Eraligool, Karimganj 788723, Assam, India
| | - Pallab Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad 382355, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Anupom Borah
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar 788011, Assam, India
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Wang Z, Yang L. The Therapeutic Potential of Natural Dietary Flavonoids against SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Nutrients 2023; 15:3443. [PMID: 37571380 PMCID: PMC10421531 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The exploration of non-toxic and cost-effective dietary components, such as epigallocatechin 3-gallate and myricetin, for health improvement and disease treatment has recently attracted substantial research attention. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has provided a unique opportunity for the investigation and identification of dietary components capable of treating viral infections, as well as gathering the evidence needed to address the major challenges presented by public health emergencies. Dietary components hold great potential as a starting point for further drug development for the treatment and prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection owing to their good safety, broad-spectrum antiviral activities, and multi-organ protective capacity. Here, we review current knowledge of the characteristics-chemical composition, bioactive properties, and putative mechanisms of action-of natural bioactive dietary flavonoids with the potential for targeting SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. Notably, we present promising strategies (combination therapy, lead optimization, and drug delivery) to overcome the inherent deficiencies of natural dietary flavonoids, such as limited bioavailability and poor stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Natural Products and Pharmaceutical Intermediates in Colleges and Universities of Shandong Province, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus, Chemistry & Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liyan Yang
- School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Preetam S, Jonnalagadda S, Kumar L, Rath R, Chattopadhyay S, Alghamdi BS, Abuzenadah AM, Jha NK, Gautam A, Malik S, Ashraf GM. Therapeutic potential of lipid nanosystems for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 89:101965. [PMID: 37268112 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. The degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain is primarily responsible for the onset of the disease. The major challenge faced in the treatment of PD is the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which impedes the delivery of therapeutics to targeted locations. To address this issue, lipid nanosystems have been used for the precise delivery of therapeutic compounds in anti-PD therapy. In this review, we will discuss the application and clinical significance of lipid nanosystem in delivering therapeutic compounds for anti-PD treatment. These medicinal compounds include ropinirole, apomorphine, bromocriptine, astaxanthin, resveratrol, dopamine, glyceryl monooleate, levodopa, N-3,4-bis(pivaloyloxy)- dopamine and fibroblast growth factor, which have significant potential to treat PD in the early stage. This review, in a nutshell, will pave the way for researchers to develop diagnostic and potential therapeutic approaches using nanomedicine to overcome the challenges posed by the BBB in delivering therapeutic compounds for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subham Preetam
- Institute of Advanced Materials, IAAM, Gammalkilsvägen 18, Ulrika, 59053, Sweden; Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan (SOA-DU), Bhubaneswar 751030, Odisha, India.
| | - Swathi Jonnalagadda
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, India.
| | - Lamha Kumar
- School of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, India.
| | - Rajeswari Rath
- Centre for Biotechnology, Siksha O Anusandhan (SOA-DU), Bhubaneswar 751030, Odisha, India.
| | - Soham Chattopadhyay
- Department of Zoology, Maulana Azad College, Kolkata, Kolkata-700013, West Bengal, India.
| | - Badrah S Alghamdi
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Pre-Clinical Research Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Adel M Abuzenadah
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida 201310, India; Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied & Life Sciences (SALS), Uttaranchal University, Dehradun 248007, India; School of Bioengineering & Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, India; Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, India.
| | - Akash Gautam
- Centre for Neural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India.
| | - Sumira Malik
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Jharkhand, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 834001, India; Guru Nanak College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chakrata Road, Jhajra, Dehradun 248007, India.
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- University of Sharjah, College of Health Sciences, and Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences.
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13
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Tang P, Shen T, Wang H, Zhang R, Zhang X, Li X, Xiao W. Challenges and opportunities for improving the druggability of natural product: Why need drug delivery system? Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114955. [PMID: 37269810 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive natural products (BNPs) are the marrow of medicinal plants, which are the secondary metabolites of organisms and have been the most famous drug discovery database. Bioactive natural products are famous for their enormous number and great safety in medical applications. However, BNPs are troubled by their poor druggability compared with synthesis drugs and are challenged as medicine (only a few BNPs are applied in clinical settings). In order to find a reasonable solution to improving the druggability of BNPs, this review summarizes their bioactive nature based on the enormous pharmacological research and tries to explain the reasons for the poor druggability of BNPs. And then focused on the boosting research on BNPs loaded drug delivery systems, this review further concludes the advantages of drug delivery systems on the druggability improvement of BNPs from the perspective of their bioactive nature, discusses why BNPs need drug delivery systems, and predicts the next direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, China; School of Pharmacy and School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China; Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, Kunming, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Tianze Shen
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, China; School of Pharmacy and School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China; Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, Kunming, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Hairong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, China; School of Pharmacy and School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China; Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, Kunming, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Ruihan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, China; School of Pharmacy and School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China; Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, Kunming, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xingjie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, China; School of Pharmacy and School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China; Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, Kunming, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, China; School of Pharmacy and School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China; Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, Kunming, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
| | - Weilie Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, China; School of Pharmacy and School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, China; Yunnan Characteristic Plant Extraction Laboratory, Yunnan Provincial Center for Research & Development of Natural Products, Kunming, China; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources in Yunnan, Yunnan University, Kunming, China.
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14
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Rassu G, Sorrenti M, Catenacci L, Pavan B, Ferraro L, Gavini E, Bonferoni MC, Giunchedi P, Dalpiaz A. Conjugation, Prodrug, and Co-Administration Strategies in Support of Nanotechnologies to Improve the Therapeutic Efficacy of Phytochemicals in the Central Nervous System. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1578. [PMID: 37376027 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytochemicals, produced as secondary plant metabolites, have shown interesting potential therapeutic activities against neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Unfortunately, poor bioavailability and rapid metabolic processes compromise their therapeutic use, and several strategies are currently proposed for overcoming these issues. The present review summarises strategies for enhancing the central nervous system's phytochemical efficacy. Particular attention has been paid to the use of phytochemicals in combination with other drugs (co-administrations) or administration of phytochemicals as prodrugs or conjugates, particularly when these approaches are supported by nanotechnologies exploiting conjugation strategies with appropriate targeting molecules. These aspects are described for polyphenols and essential oil components, which can improve their loading as prodrugs in nanocarriers, or be part of nanocarriers designed for targeted co-delivery to achieve synergistic anti-glioma or anti-neurodegenerative effects. The use of in vitro models, able to simulate the blood-brain barrier, neurodegeneration or glioma, and useful for optimizing innovative formulations before their in vivo administration via intravenous, oral, or nasal routes, is also summarised. Among the described compounds, quercetin, curcumin, resveratrol, ferulic acid, geraniol, and cinnamaldehyde can be efficaciously formulated to attain brain-targeting characteristics, and may therefore be therapeutically useful against glioma or neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Rassu
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23a, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Milena Sorrenti
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura Catenacci
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Barbara Pavan
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation-Section of Physiology, University of Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Luca Ferraro
- Department of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Ferrara, Via Borsari 46, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Gavini
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23a, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Giunchedi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Via Muroni 23a, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Dalpiaz
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 19, I-44121 Ferrara, Italy
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15
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Kuo YC, De S. Development of carbon dots to manage Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2023.104799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
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16
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Shan Y, Chen Y, Gu H, Wang Y, Sun Y. Regulatory Basis of Adipokines Leptin and Adiponectin in Epilepsy: from Signaling Pathways to Glucose Metabolism. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:2017-2028. [PMID: 36797447 PMCID: PMC10181973 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03891-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Epilepsy is a common and severe neurological disorder in which impaired glucose metabolism leads to changes in neuronal excitability that slow or promote the development of epilepsy. Leptin and adiponectin are important mediators regulating glucose metabolism in the peripheral and central nervous systems. Many studies have reported a strong association between epilepsy and these two adipokines involved in multiple signaling cascades and glucose metabolism. Due to the complex regulatory mechanisms between them and various signal activation networks, their role in epilepsy involves many aspects, including the release of inflammatory mediators, oxidative damage, and neuronal apoptosis. This paper aims to summarize the signaling pathways involved in leptin and adiponectin and the regulation of glucose metabolism from the perspective of the pathogenesis of epilepsy. In particular, we discuss the dual effects of leptin in epilepsy and the relationship between antiepileptic drugs and changes in the levels of these two adipokines. Clinical practitioners may need to consider these factors in evaluating clinical drugs. Through this review, we can better understand the specific involvement of leptin and adiponectin in the pathogenesis of epilepsy, provide ideas for further exploration, and bring about practical significance for the treatment of epilepsy, especially for the development of personalized treatment according to individual metabolic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yisi Shan
- Department of Neurology, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, 215600, China.,Translational Medical Innovation Center, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, 215600, China
| | - Yeting Chen
- Department of Acupuncture, Zhangjiagang Second People's Hospital, Zhangjiagang, 215600, China
| | - Haiping Gu
- Department of Neurology, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, 215600, China
| | - Yadong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, 215600, China
| | - Yaming Sun
- Department of Neurology, Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, 215600, China.
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17
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Khot KB, Gopan G, Bandiwadekar A, Jose J. Current advancements related to phytobioactive compounds based liposomal delivery for neurodegenerative diseases. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 83:101806. [PMID: 36427765 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are the most widely affected disease condition in an aging population. The treatment available reduces the elevated manifestations but is ineffective due to the drug's poor bioavailability, plasma stability, and permeability across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Until now, no therapeutic compound has been able to stop the progression of neurodegenerative disease. Even the available therapeutic moiety manages it with possible adverse effects up to the later stage. Hence, phytobioactive compounds of plant origin offer effective treatment strategies against neurodegenerative diseases. The only difficulty of these phytobioactive compounds is permeability across the BBB. Engineered nanocarriers such as liposomes provide high lipid permeability across BBB. Liposomes have unique physicochemical properties that are widely investigated for their application in diagnosing and treating neurodegenerative diseases. The surface modification on liposomes by peptides, antibodies, and RNA aptamers offers receptor targeting. These brain-targeted approaches by liposomes improve the efficacy of phytoconstituents. Additional surface modification methods are utilized on liposomes, which increases the brain-targeted delivery of phytobioactive compounds. The marketing strategy of the liposomal delivery system is in its peak mode, where it has the potential to modify the existing therapy. This review will summarize the brain target liposomal delivery of phytobioactive compounds as a novel disease-modifying agent for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kartik Bhairu Khot
- NITTE (Deemed to be University), NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Gopika Gopan
- NITTE (Deemed to be University), NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Akshay Bandiwadekar
- NITTE (Deemed to be University), NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Jobin Jose
- NITTE (Deemed to be University), NGSM Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Mangalore 575018, India.
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18
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Surface-modified lipid nanocarriers for crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB): a current overview of active targeting in brain diseases. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 221:112999. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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19
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Liposomal system based on lyophilization of a monophase solution for stabilization of bioactives from red onion skin. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.114174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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20
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Wang Y, Wu S, Li Q, Lang W, Li W, Jiang X, Wan Z, Chen J, Wang H. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate: A phytochemical as a promising drug candidate for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:977521. [PMID: 36172194 PMCID: PMC9511047 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.977521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigallocatechin 3-gallate (EGCG), an abundant polyphenolic component derived from green tea extract, possesses versatile bioactivities that can combat many diseases. During the last decade, EGCG was shown to be effective in experimental models of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Several experimental studies have suggested that it has pleiotropic neuroprotective effects, which has enhanced the appeal of EGCG as a therapeutic strategy in PD. In this review, we compiled recent updates and knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of EGCG in PD. We focused on the effects of EGCG on apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, ferroptosis, modulation of dopamine production, and the aggregation of α-synuclein. The review highlights the pharmacological features of EGCG and its therapeutic implications in PD. Taken together, the accumulated data indicate that EGCG is a promising neuroprotective compound for the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Wu
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Weihong Lang
- Department of Psychological Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Chifeng University, Chifeng, China
| | - Xiaodong Jiang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Chifeng University Health Science Center, Chifeng, China
| | - Zhirong Wan
- Department of Neurology,Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jichao Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Aerospace Center Hospital, Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Jichao Chen, ; Hongquan Wang,
| | - Hongquan Wang
- Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin’s Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Jichao Chen, ; Hongquan Wang,
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21
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Chopra H, Bibi S, Islam F, Ahmad SU, Olawale OA, Alhumaydhi FA, Marzouki R, Baig AA, Emran TB. Emerging Trends in the Delivery of Resveratrol by Nanostructures: Applications of Nanotechnology in Life Sciences. JOURNAL OF NANOMATERIALS 2022; 2022:1-17. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/3083728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Resveratrol (RES) is a stilbene group of natural polyphenolic compounds in trees, peanuts, and grapes. RES is revealed with anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective effects. Though it is proven with prominent therapeutic activity, low aqueous solubility, poor bioavailability, and short half-life had hindered its use to exploit the potential. Also, the first-pass metabolism and undergoing enterohepatic recirculation are obscure in the minds of researchers for their in vitro studies. Many approaches have been investigated and shown promising results in manipulating their physicochemical properties to break this barrier. Nanocarriers are one of them to reduce the first-pass metabolism and to overcome other hurdles. This article reviews and highlights such encapsulation technologies. Nanoencapsulated RES improves in vitro antioxidant effect, and this review also highlights the new strategies and the concept behind how resveratrol can be handled and implemented with better therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India
| | - Shabana Bibi
- Yunnan Herbal Laboratory, College of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091 Yunnan, China
- The International Joint Research Center for Sustainable Utilization of Cordyceps Bioresources in China and Southeast Asia, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091 Yunnan, China
| | - Fahadul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Syed Umair Ahmad
- Department of Bioinformatics, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | | | - Fahad A. Alhumaydhi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riadh Marzouki
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences of Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Atif Amin Baig
- Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kuala Terengganu 20400, Malaysia
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
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22
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Ekraminasab S, Dolatshahi M, Sabahi M, Mardani M, Rashedi S. The Interactions between Adipose Tissue Secretions and Parkinson's disease; The Role of Leptin. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 55:873-891. [PMID: 34989050 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Leptin is a hormone that regulates appetite by acting on receptors in the hypothalamus, where it modifies food intake to maintain equilibrium with the body energy resources. Leptin and its receptors are widely distributed in the central nervous system, suggesting that they may give neuronal survival signals. The potential of leptin to decrease/increase neuronal damage and neuronal plasticity in Parkinson's diseases (PD) is the subject of this review, which outlines our current knowledge of how leptin acts in the brain. Although leptin-mediated neuroprotective signaling results in neuronal death prevention, it can affect neuroinflammatory cascades and also neuronal plasticity which contribute to PD pathology. Other neuroprotective molecules, such as insulin and erythropoietin, share leptin-related signaling cascades, and therefore constitute a component of the neurotrophic effects mediated by endogenous hormones. With the evidence that leptin dysregulation causes increased neuronal vulnerability to damage in PD, using leptin as a target for therapeutic modification is an appealing and realistic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ekraminasab
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Dolatshahi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadmahdi Sabahi
- NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Neurosurgery Research Group (NRG), Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mahta Mardani
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sina Rashedi
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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23
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Wang L, Huang X, Jing H, Ma C, Wang H. Bilosomes as effective delivery systems to improve the gastrointestinal stability and bioavailability of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Food Res Int 2021; 149:110631. [PMID: 34600647 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has a variety of biological activities, but exhibits poor stability and low bioavailability. In this study, EGCG bilosome was prepared and characterized, and its stability during different storage conditions (pH, NaCl concentration, and temperature) and in gastrointestinal fluid was evaluated and compared with liposomes and niosomes. Among them, EGCG niosomes had the highest pH stability, and the existence of sodium cholate reduced the stability of bilosomes in acidic medium. EGCG stability was significantly increased in the presence of salt ions (0-100 mM NaCl) and under different temperatures (25 °C, 37 °C) when delivered as niosomes and bilosomes. Retention rate of EGCG in bilosomes was 71.64 ± 4.05% after incubation in simulated intestinal fluid for 2 h, which was significantly higher than retention rate of EGCG liposomes (24.02 ± 3.95%) and niosomes (55.74 ± 6.85%), thus indicating greater gastrointestinal stability of EGCG bilosomes. Furthermore, bioavailability of EGCG encapsulated in bilosomes was improved by 1.98 times. Overall, these findings indicate that EGCG bilosomes, as a new delivery system, had great potential application as a means to improve stability and bioavailability of EGCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- School of Food Science & Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xin Huang
- School of Food Science & Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Huijuan Jing
- School of Food Science & Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Chaoyang Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science & Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Hongxin Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; School of Food Science & Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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24
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Fernandes L, Cardim-Pires TR, Foguel D, Palhano FL. Green Tea Polyphenol Epigallocatechin-Gallate in Amyloid Aggregation and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:718188. [PMID: 34594185 PMCID: PMC8477582 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.718188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of protein aggregates in human tissues is a hallmark of more than 40 diseases called amyloidoses. In seven of these disorders, the aggregation is associated with neurodegenerative processes in the central nervous system such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), and Huntington’s disease (HD). The aggregation occurs when certain soluble proteins lose their physiological function and become toxic amyloid species. The amyloid assembly consists of protein filament interactions, which can form fibrillar structures rich in β-sheets. Despite the frequent incidence of these diseases among the elderly, the available treatments are limited and at best palliative, and new therapeutic approaches are needed. Among the many natural compounds that have been evaluated for their ability to prevent or delay the amyloidogenic process is epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), an abundant and potent polyphenolic molecule present in green tea that has extensive biological activity. There is evidence for EGCG’s ability to inhibit the aggregation of α-synuclein, amyloid-β, and huntingtin proteins, respectively associated with PD, AD, and HD. It prevents fibrillogenesis (in vitro and in vivo), reduces amyloid cytotoxicity, and remodels fibrils to form non-toxic amorphous species that lack seed propagation. Although it is an antioxidant, EGCG in an oxidized state can promote fibrils’ remodeling through formation of Schiff bases and crosslinking the fibrils. Moreover, microparticles to drug delivery were synthesized from oxidized EGCG and loaded with a second anti-amyloidogenic molecule, obtaining a synergistic therapeutic effect. Here, we describe several pre-clinical and clinical studies involving EGCG and neurodegenerative diseases and their related mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Fernandes
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Programa de Biologia Estrutural, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thyago R Cardim-Pires
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Programa de Biologia Estrutural, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Debora Foguel
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Programa de Biologia Estrutural, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando L Palhano
- Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Programa de Biologia Estrutural, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Kuo YC, Chen IY, Rajesh R. Astragaloside IV- and nesfatin-1-encapsulated phosphatidylserine liposomes conjugated with wheat germ agglutinin and leptin to activate anti-apoptotic pathway and block phosphorylated tau protein expression for Parkinson's disease treatment. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 129:112361. [PMID: 34579880 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Heap-up of α-synuclein (α-Syn) and its association with tau protein are esteemed to trigger the onset of Parkinson's disease (PD). The purpose of this study was to develop multi-functional liposomes incorporated with 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC), cholesterol, 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine and phosphatidylserine (PS) to load astragaloside IV (AS-IV) and nestifin-1 (NF-1), followed by grafting with wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and leptin (Lep) (WGA-Lep-AS-IV-NF-1-PS-liposomes) to protect dopaminergic neurons from apoptosis. Experimental results showed that increasing the mole percentage of DSPC and PS enhanced the particle size, particle stability and entrapment efficiency of AS-IV and NF-1, and reduced the drug releasing rate. Strong affinity of NF-1 to PS was evidenced by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. WGA-Lep-AS-IV-NF-1-PS-liposomes diminished transendothelial electrical resistance and improved the capacity of propidium iodide, AS-IV and NF-1 to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Immunocytochemical staining exhibited the ability of functionalized liposomes to target Lep receptor and α-Syn in MPP+-insulted SH-SY5Y cells. Western blots revealed a substantial reduction of α-Syn and phosphorylated tau protein in the anti-oxidative pathway through interaction with PS. During the course of treatment with WGA-Lep-AS-IV-NF-1-PS-liposomes, the combined activity of AS-IV and NF-1 and recognition capability simultaneously decreased the expression of Bax, and increased the expressions of Bcl-2, tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter. The liposomes carrying AS-IV and NF-1 can rescue degenerated neurons and are a promising formulation to achieve better PD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chih Kuo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan, ROC; Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High-tech Innovations, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - I-Yin Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Rajendiran Rajesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan, ROC
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26
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Fabrication of supramolecular nano-assembly irinotecan prodrug into polymeric nanomaterials for delivery in cervical carcinoma therapy. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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27
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Kuo YC, Tsai HC, Rajesh R. Glutathione Liposomes Carrying Ceftriaxone, FK506, and Nilotinib to Control Overexpressed Dopamine Markers and Apoptotic Factors in Neurons. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:3242-3255. [PMID: 34189904 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Advances in liposomal formulation carrying multiple neuroprotective drugs, such as ceftriaxone (CEF), FK506, and nilotinib, can point toward an approach to obviating the difficulties in Parkinson's disease (PD) treatment. We prepared functionalized liposomes decorated with glutathione (GSH) to penetrate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and cardiolipin (CL) to link up apoptotic neurons. Further, the effect of CEF-FK506-nilotinib-GSH-CL-liposomes on a PD model established by SH-SY5Y cells with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced neurotoxicity was investigated. An increment of the mole percentage of dihexadecyl phosphate and CL increased the particle size and the absolute value of ζ potential, improved the entrapment efficiency of CEF, FK506, and nilotinib, and reduced the drug-releasing rate. The toxicity studies revealed that CEF, FK506, and nilotinib-encapsulated liposomes could enhance the survival of SH-SY5Y cells. Western blot and immunofluorescence revealed that incorporation of CL in a lipid bilayer ameliorated the docking of CEF-FK506-nilotinib-GSH-CL-liposomes at α-synuclein (α-syn), indicating a better targeting capability of the liposomes to degenerated neurons. Treatment with CEF-FK506-nilotinib-GSH-CL-liposomes reduced the expression of Bax and α-syn and promoted the expression of Bcl-2, tyrosine hydroxylase, and the dopamine transporter. GSH- and CL-conjugated liposomes showed combined activity of targeting the BBB and α-syn and augmented the efficiency of the three drugs in rescuing dopaminergic neurons for neurodegenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chih Kuo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - He-Cheng Tsai
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Rajendiran Rajesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan, Republic of China
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28
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Barbălată CI, Tomuță I, Achim M, Boșca AB, Cherecheș G, Sorițău O, Porfire AS. Application of the QbD Approach in the Development of a Liposomal Formulation with EGCG. J Pharm Innov 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-021-09541-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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29
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Li A, Tyson J, Patel S, Patel M, Katakam S, Mao X, He W. Emerging Nanotechnology for Treatment of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:672594. [PMID: 34113606 PMCID: PMC8185219 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.672594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of the two most common neurodegenerative diseases, Parkinson's disease (PD) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD), are expected to rise alongside the progressive aging of society. Both PD and AD are classified as proteinopathies with misfolded proteins α-synuclein, amyloid-β, and tau. Emerging evidence suggests that these misfolded aggregates are prion-like proteins that induce pathological cell-to-cell spreading, which is a major driver in pathogenesis. Additional factors that can further affect pathology spreading include oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage, inflammation, and cell death. Nanomaterials present advantages over traditional chemical or biological therapeutic approaches at targeting these specific mechanisms. They can have intrinsic properties that lead to a decrease in oxidative stress or an ability to bind and disaggregate fibrils. Additionally, nanomaterials enhance transportation across the blood-brain barrier, are easily functionalized, increase drug half-lives, protect cargo from immune detection, and provide a physical structure that can support cell growth. This review highlights emergent nanomaterials with these advantages that target oxidative stress, the fibrillization process, inflammation, and aid in regenerative medicine for both PD and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Li
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Joel Tyson
- Department of Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Shivni Patel
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Meer Patel
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sruthi Katakam
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Xiaobo Mao
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Weiwei He
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion of Henan Province, Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Nanomaterials for Energy and Catalysis, College of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials, Xuchang University, Xuchang, China
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30
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Krishnan UM. Biomaterials in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Neurochem Int 2021; 145:105003. [PMID: 33657427 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disease, the treatment of which is mainly centred around supplementation of dopamine. Additional targets have been identified and newer chemotherapeutic agents have been introduced but their clinical efficacy is limited due to solubility, bioavailability issues and inability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB). A wide range of biomaterials ranging from biomolecules, polymers, inorganic metal and metal oxide nanoparticles have been employed to assist the delivery of these therapeutic agents into the brain. Additionally, strategies to deliver cells to restore the dopaminergic neurons also have shown promise due to the integration of biocompatible materials that aid neurogenesis through a combination of topographical, chemical and mechanical cues. Neuroprosthetics is an area that may become significant in treatment of motor deficits associated with Parkinson's disease, and involves development of highly conductive and robust electrode materials with excellent cytocompatibility. This review summarizes the major role played by biomaterials in design of novel strategies and in the improvement of existing therapeutic methods as well as the emerging trends in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- School of Arts, Science & Humanities, Centre for Nanotechnology & Advanced Biomaterials, SASTRA Deemed University, Thanjavur, 613 401, India.
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