1
|
Bruneau M, Milliron BJ, Sinclair E, Obeid E, Gross L, Bealin L, Smaltz C, Butryn M, Giri VN. Physical activity assessment among men undergoing genetic counseling for inherited prostate cancer: a teachable moment for improved survivorship. Support Care Cancer 2021; 29:2145-2151. [PMID: 32876733 PMCID: PMC7897228 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-020-05667-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic counseling (GC) presents an opportunity to address modifiable cancer risk factors, such as obesity, which is impacted by non-adherence to physical activity (PA) guidelines. Adherence to PA guidelines has not been assessed among men undergoing GC for prostate cancer (PCA). We conducted a targeted analysis of men undergoing PCA GC to assess adherence to PA recommendations. METHODS Using a cross-sectional design, a total of 158 men from the Genetic Evaluation of Men (GEM) study at two academic cancer centers with a diagnosis or at risk for PCA completed a structured lifestyle survey, including questions about the number of days and intensity of PA over the past year. One-sample t tests assessed adherence of participants to PA recommendations. Chi-square analyses compared differences in PA adherence by PCA status, aggressiveness, family history, and body mass index. Logistic regression analyses identified predictors of PA adherence. RESULTS High proportions of GEM participants were overweight (44.9%) or obese (38.0%, p = 0.002). Men with PCA engaged in less moderate (p = 0.019) and vigorous (p = 0.005) aerobic activity than men without PCA. Higher education was predictive of adherence to light (p = 0.008), moderate (p = 0.019), and vigorous (p = 0.002) intensity PA. Older age (p = 0.015) and higher education (p = 0.001) were predictive of adherence to strength-based recommendations. CONCLUSIONS High proportions of men receiving PCA GC were overweight/obese and lacked adherence to PA recommendations. GC represents a teachable moment to address PA to reduce cancer risk and promote cancer survivorship.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Bruneau
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Brandy-Joe Milliron
- Department of Nutrition Sciences and Center for Family Intervention Science, College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Sinclair
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Nursing and Health Professions, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Elias Obeid
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Temple-Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Laura Gross
- Cancer Risk Assessment and Clinical Cancer Genetics Program, Departments of Medical Oncology, Cancer Biology, and Urology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lisa Bealin
- Cancer Risk Assessment and Clinical Cancer Genetics Program, Departments of Medical Oncology, Cancer Biology, and Urology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Christa Smaltz
- Cancer Risk Assessment and Clinical Cancer Genetics Program, Departments of Medical Oncology, Cancer Biology, and Urology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Meghan Butryn
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Veda N Giri
- Cancer Risk Assessment and Clinical Cancer Genetics Program, Departments of Medical Oncology, Cancer Biology, and Urology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Prevalence and Factors Associated with High Concentration of Prostate-Specific Antigen: ELSIA Study. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9100329. [PMID: 33050163 PMCID: PMC7600649 DOI: 10.3390/biology9100329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Screening for prostate cancer is critical to increasing men’s longevity, and prostate-specific antigen is the primary method of screening for this cancer. Assessing the prevalence and factors associated with high concentrations of this antigen is essential and this was the objective of our study. We found associations between high concentrations of prostate-specific antigen with years of study, race/ethnicity and family arrangement, health perception, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, metabolic diseases, alcohol consumption and sedentary behavior. These findings may guide public health policies in order to create guidelines that raise awareness to reduce risk behaviors that increase the concentrations of prostate-specific antigen. Abstract Background: Prostate cancer (PC) is the second most common cancer among men, behind only non-melanoma skin cancer, and the main method of screening for PC is the prostate-specific antigen (PSA). To analyze the prevalence and the factors associated with high concentration of PSA in the elderly is essential to understand this outcome, and building strategies to decrease their rates of morbidity and mortality. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study with 96 elderly men. A high level of PSA was defined by >4.0 ng/mL. In order to identify sociodemographic, health, functional and behavioral variables, which may be associated with high levels of PSA, we carried out a multivariate analysis using Poisson regression. Results: The prevalence of high levels of PSA was 21.9% (n = 21). High levels of PSA was associated with years of study, race/ethnicity and family arrangement, health perception, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, metabolic diseases, alcohol consumption and sedentary behavior. Conclusions: The study found a high prevalence of high PSA concentrations in the elderly and several aspects are associated, which can be a worrying factor for their health, since PSA is an important marker of prostate cancer.
Collapse
|
3
|
Di Francesco S, Robuffo I, Caruso M, Giambuzzi G, Ferri D, Militello A, Toniato E. Metabolic Alterations, Aggressive Hormone-Naïve Prostate Cancer and Cardiovascular Disease: A Complex Relationship. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 55:medicina55030062. [PMID: 30866568 PMCID: PMC6473682 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55030062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: Epidemiological studies suggest a possible relationship between metabolic alterations, cardiovascular disease and aggressive prostate cancer, however, no clear consensus has been reached. Objective: The aim of the study was to analyze the recent literature and summarize our experience on the association between metabolic disorders, aggressive hormone-naïve prostate cancer and cardiovascular disease. Method: We identified relevant papers by searching in electronic databases such as Scopus, Life Science Journals, and Index Medicus/Medline. Moreover, we showed our experience on the reciprocal relationship between metabolic alterations and aggressive prostate cancer, without the influence of hormone therapy, as well the role of coronary and carotid vasculopathy in advanced prostate carcinoma. Results: Prostate cancer cells have an altered metabolic homeostatic control linked to an increased aggressivity and cancer mortality. The absence of discrimination of risk factors as obesity, systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and inaccurate selection of vascular diseases as coronary and carotid damage at initial diagnosis of prostate cancer could explain the opposite results in the literature. Systemic inflammation and oxidative stress associated with metabolic alterations and cardiovascular disease can also contribute to prostate cancer progression and increased tumor aggressivity. Conclusions: Metabolic alterations and cardiovascular disease influence aggressive and metastatic prostate cancer. Therefore, a careful evaluation of obesity, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, systemic arterial hypertension, together with a careful evaluation of cardiovascular status, in particular coronary and carotid vascular disease, should be carried out after an initial diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Di Francesco
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- Department of Urological, Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Federiciana University, 87100 Cosenza, Italy.
| | - Iole Robuffo
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Section of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Marika Caruso
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
- Department of Urological, Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Federiciana University, 87100 Cosenza, Italy.
| | - Giulia Giambuzzi
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Deborah Ferri
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Andrea Militello
- Department of Urological, Biomedical and Translational Sciences, Federiciana University, 87100 Cosenza, Italy.
- Urology and Andrology Section, Villa Immacolata Hospital, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| | - Elena Toniato
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang K, Chen X, Gerke TA, Bird VY, Ghayee HK, Prosperi M. BMI trajectories and risk of overall and grade-specific prostate cancer: An observational cohort study among men seen for prostatic conditions. Cancer Med 2018; 7:5272-5280. [PMID: 30207080 PMCID: PMC6198207 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dynamic longitudinal patterns in body mass index (BMI) have been suggested to better predict health outcomes than static measures. Effects of BMI trajectories on prostate cancer (PCa) risk have not been thoroughly explored. Methods Cohort data were derived from electronic medical records of patients who were admitted to a tertiary‐care hospital in the Southeastern USA during 1994‐2016. Patients with a history of urologic clinic visit because of any prostatic condition and with repeatedly measured BMI (n = 4857) were included. BMI trajectories prior to PCa diagnosis were assessed using the developmental trajectory analysis method. Cox proportional hazards regression modeling was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for overall and grade‐specific PCa. Results The median age (interquartile range, IQR) of the participants at baseline was 63 (54, 72) years. Over a median follow‐up (IQR) of 8.0 (2.0, 13.0) years, 714 (14.7%, 714/4857) were diagnosed with PCa. Men with growing BMI trajectory progressing from normal weight to overweight/obese had a 76% increased PCa risk (aHR = 1.76; 95% CI: 1.25, 2.48), and men being obese and experiencing progressive weight gain had 3.72‐fold increased PCa risk (aHR = 3.72; 95% CI: 1.60, 8.66), compared to men with persistently normal BMI. The associations were more pronounced for PCa with Gleason score ≥7. No significant association of decreasing BMI trajectory progressing from obese to normal BMI was found with PCa risk. Conclusions Progressively body weight gain during middle‐to‐late adulthood was associated with increased PCa risk for both normal weight and overweight men. Further studies are warranted to confirm this finding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kai Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Xinguang Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Travis A Gerke
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Victoria Y Bird
- Department of Urology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Hans K Ghayee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Florida and the Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Mattia Prosperi
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kok VC, Hsiao YH, Horng JT, Wang KL. Association Between Erectile Dysfunction and Subsequent Prostate Cancer Development: A Population-Based Cohort Study With Double Concurrent Comparison Groups. Am J Mens Health 2018; 12:1492-1502. [PMID: 29708021 PMCID: PMC6142143 DOI: 10.1177/1557988318772741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that erectile dysfunction (ED) and prostate cancer share common potential risk factors such as chronic inflammation, prostatitis, cigarette smoking, obesity, a high animal fat diet, sedentarism, and depression. There is great interest in knowing if ED is associated with prostate cancer. This study aimed to investigate if men afflicted with ED harbor an increased risk of prostate cancer, utilizing two concurrent comparison groups, constructed from the Taiwan NHIRD, with up to 8 years' follow-up. Among men with no preexisting prostate cancer, an ED group of 3,593 men ≥ 40 years of age and two non-ED comparison groups of 14,372 men from the general population, 1:4 matched by age and index date (GENPOP); and 3,594 men with clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), matched by similar criteria were assembled. A Cox model was constructed to calculate the adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) after controlling for age, socioeconomic factors, and various medical comorbidities. During the 11,449 person-year follow-up for the ED group, 24 incident prostate cancer developed. During the 44,486 and 11,221 person-year follow-up for the GENPOP and the BPH group, respectively, there were 33 and 25 incidents of prostate cancer. The ED group demonstrated a 2.6-fold greater risk of prostate cancer than that by the GENPOP with an aHR of 2.63 (95% confidence interval [CI] [1.51, 4.59], p < .001). There was no significant difference in risk between ED and BPH group (aHR = 0.83, 95% CI [0.46, 1.48]). This concurrent, double comparison, longitudinal study revealed a positive association between ED and subsequent prostate cancer incidence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor C. Kok
- Division of Medical Oncology, Kuang Tien General Hospital Cancer Center, Taichung, Taiwan
- Disease Informatics Research Group, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Victor C. Kok, Kuang Tien General Hospital Cancer Center, Assistant Professor, Asia University Taiwan, 117 Shatien Road, Shalu District, Taichung 43303, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Hsuan Hsiao
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Jorng-Tzong Horng
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Liang Wang
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Abstract
Prostate cancer affects a major proportion of older men, and effective preventive measures are few. Earlier suggestions of 10-30% risk reduction from vigorous physical activity thus merit further analysis. This narrative review updates information on associations between physical activity and prostate cancer, seeking activity patterns associated with maximal risk reduction. Systematic searches of Ovid/MEDLINE and PubMed databases from 1996 to June 2016 have linked the terms prostate neoplasms/prostate cancer with occupation, occupational title, sedentary job or heavy work, exercise, physical activity, sports, athletes, physical education/training or aerobic fitness. Combining these searches with findings from earlier reviews, 85 analyses were captured, although three were repeat analyses of the same data set. Seven analyses reported increased risk, and a further 31 showed no clear relationship. However, 24 analyses found a trend to diminished risk, and 21 a significant decrease (10-30% or more) in at least some subject subsets. Benefit was seen more consistently in occupational than in leisure studies, usually with adolescence or the early 20 s as the optimal age for preventive activity. In general, benefit showed a dose-response relationship, with vigorous activity required for maximal effect. Furthermore, several recent observational studies have indicated that physical activity is beneficial in preventing disease recurrence and improving survival following the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. Despite continued research, conclusive proof of an association between regular physical activity and a low risk of prostate cancer remains elusive. However, reports that exercise exacerbates risk are few, and despite issues around controls, covariates, and co-morbidities, an impressive number of studies have now found significant benefit, suggesting that regular physical activity is important in terms of disease development, progression, and therapy. Given also the many other health benefits of an active lifestyle, it can be recommended as a potentially useful measure in the prevention of prostate cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roy J Shephard
- Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,, PO Box 521, Brackendale, BC, V0N 1H0, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pascual-Geler M, Urquiza-Salvat N, Cozar JM, Robles-Fernandez I, Rivas A, Martinez-Gonzalez LJ, Ocaña-Peinado FM, Lorente JA, Alvarez-Cubero MJ. The influence of nutritional factors on prostate cancer incidence and aggressiveness. Aging Male 2018; 21:31-39. [PMID: 28929838 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2017.1379491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing evidence for a link between nutrition, lifestyle and prostate cancer (PCa) development and/or progression of disease. The objective of this study was to examine the association between dietary factors and PCa incidence and aggressiveness in a case-control study. After the analysis of the anatomic pathology, subjects were classified in patients with PCa (n = 157) and controls (n = 158). Clinical data including Gleason score, PSA values and biopsy results, were compiled. Frequencies of food consumption and sociodemographic data were also obtained. The results showed that physical activity was significantly higher in control (p < .022). It was also found that some nutritional habits offer a protective effect among studied subjects, like high nuts (p = .041) and fish (p = .041) intakes. Moreover, there was a significant reduction in risk (p = .029) in cases with a higher fruits and vegetables intakes. A decreased risk of aggressive PCa was associated with fruits, vegetables, legumes and fish intakes. However, these relationships were not statistically significant when data were adjusted for covariates. In conclusion, this study found an inverse association between PCa risk and the intake of fruits and vegetables, fish and nuts. The results suggested that a diet with higher intakes of these foods as Mediterranean diet may lower the risk of PCa in the studied population. As dietary factors are modifiable, identifying food groups or dietary patterns that modulate the risk of PCa and its aggressiveness can offer effective and practical strategies for its primary prevention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Noelia Urquiza-Salvat
- b Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Cozar
- a Service of Urology , University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves , Granada , Spain
| | - Inmaculada Robles-Fernandez
- c GENYO , Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research , Granada , Spain
| | - Ana Rivas
- b Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Luis Javier Martinez-Gonzalez
- c GENYO , Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research , Granada , Spain
| | | | - Jose Antonio Lorente
- c GENYO , Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research , Granada , Spain
- e Laboratory of Genetic Identification, Legal Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Maria Jesus Alvarez-Cubero
- c GENYO , Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research , Granada , Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Alcántara-Montero A, Sánchez-Carnerero CI. Lifestyle and prevention of prostate cancer. Actas Urol Esp 2016; 40:412-3. [PMID: 26923033 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuro.2016.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - C I Sánchez-Carnerero
- Servicio de Cirugía General y Digestiva, Hospital San Pedro de Alcántara, Cáceres, España
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Alvarez-Cubero MJ, Pascual-Geler M, Rivas A, Martinez-Gonzalez LJ, Saiz M, Lorente JA, Cozar JM. Lifestyle and dietary factors in relation to prostate cancer risk. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2015; 66:805-10. [PMID: 26327471 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2015.1077786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the association between the socio-demographic, lifestyle factors, and dietary habits with the risk of prostate cancer (PC) in a case-control study of Spanish men. None of the socio-demographic, lifestyle or dietetic variables was found predictors of PC risk. Body mass index was associated with an increased risk for aggressive PC and fruit consumption with lower Gleason scores, thus less aggressive cancers. Nonetheless, after applying Bonferroni correction, these variables were not still associated with PC aggressiveness. More adequately, powered epidemiological studies that measure the effect of lifestyle and dietary intake in PC risk and aggressiveness are warranted to further elucidate the role of these modifiable factors on PC etiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jesus Alvarez-Cubero
- a Laboratory of Genetic Identification , Legal Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada , Granada , Spain .,b GENYO (Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research) , Granada , Spain
| | | | - Ana Rivas
- d Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja , Granada , Spain
| | - Luis Javier Martinez-Gonzalez
- b GENYO (Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research) , Granada , Spain
| | - Maria Saiz
- a Laboratory of Genetic Identification , Legal Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Lorente
- a Laboratory of Genetic Identification , Legal Medicine and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada , Granada , Spain .,b GENYO (Pfizer-University of Granada-Andalusian Government Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research) , Granada , Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Cozar
- c Service of Urology, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves , Granada , Spain , and
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Alexander DD, Bassett JK, Weed DL, Barrett EC, Watson H, Harris W. Meta-Analysis of Long-Chain Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (LCω-3PUFA) and Prostate Cancer. Nutr Cancer 2015; 67:543-54. [PMID: 25826711 PMCID: PMC4440629 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2015.1015745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the potential association between LCω-3PUFAs and prostate cancer (PC). A comprehensive literature search was performed through 2013 to identify prospective studies that examined dietary intakes of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCω-3PUFA) or blood biomarkers of LCω-3PUFA status and risk of PC. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted to generate summary relative risk estimates (SRREs) for LCω-3PUFAs and total PC, and by stage and grade. Subgroup analyses were also conducted for specific fatty acids and other study characteristics. Twelve self-reported dietary intake and 9 biomarker studies from independent study populations were included in the analysis, with 446,243 and 14,897 total participants, respectively. No association between LCω-3PUFAs and total PC was observed (SRRE = 1.00, 95% CI: 0.93–1.09) for the dietary intake studies (high vs. low LCω-3PUFAs category comparison) or for the biomarker studies (SRRE of 1.07, 95% CI: 0.94–1.20). In general, most summary associations for the dietary intake studies were in the inverse direction, whereas the majority of summary associations for the biomarker studies were in the positive direction, but all were weak in magnitude. The results from this meta-analysis do not support an association between LCω-3PUFAs and PC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik D Alexander
- a EpidStat Institute , Ann Arbor , Michigan , USA and Evergreen , Colorado , USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Alexander DD, Jiang X, Bylsma LC, Garabrant DH, Irvin SR, Fryzek JP. Historical cancer incidence and mortality assessment in an Illinois community proximal to a former manufactured gas plant. BMJ Open 2014; 4:e006713. [PMID: 25534215 PMCID: PMC4275664 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-006713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Concern has been raised that the occurrence of cancer may be increased in neighbourhoods around a former manufactured gas plant in Champaign, Illinois, USA. Thus, we compared historical rates of cancer in this area to comparison communities as well as with nationally standardised rates. DESIGN Retrospective population-based community cancer assessment during 1990-2010. SETTING Champaign County, Illinois, USA, and zip codes encompassing the location of the former manufactured gas plant to counties that were similar demographically. PARTICIPANTS Residents of the counties and zip codes studied between 1990 and 2010. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The relative risk (RR) and 95% CI were used to compare cancer incidence and mortality in the areas near the gas compression site to the comparison counties. Standardised incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated to compare rates in the areas near the gas compression site to expected rates based on overall US cancer rates. RESULTS Total cancer mortality (RR=0.91, 95% CI 0.88 to 0.94) and incidence (RR=0.95, 95% CI 0.94 to 0.97) were reduced significantly in Champaign County versus the comparison counties. Similarly, a reduced rate of total cancer was observed in analyses by zip code (proximal to the former gas plant) when compared with either similar counties (RR=0.89, 95% CI 0.86 to 0.93) or national standardised rates of cancer (SIR=0.88, 95% CI 0.85 to 0.91). CONCLUSIONS This historical cancer assessment did not find an increased risk of total cancer or specific cancer types in communities near a former manufactured gas plant site.
Collapse
|
12
|
Starkoff BE, Petosa RL, Balk EK, Eneli IU, Bonny AE, Hoffman RP, Devor ST. Sedentary and Physical Activity Habits of Obese Adolescents. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH EDUCATION 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2014.945669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
13
|
Gözen AS, Akin Y, Özden E, Ates M, Hruza M, Rassweiler J. Impact of body mass index on outcomes of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy with long-term follow-up. Scand J Urol 2014; 49:70-6. [PMID: 25130508 DOI: 10.3109/21681805.2014.920416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of body mass index (BMI) on the functional and oncological results of patients who had undergone laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP). MATERIAL AND METHODS In total, 1224 patients with follow-up data (>24 months) were enrolled. Patients were divided into three groups according to BMI (kg/m(2)) as: group 1 (normal, BMI <25, n = 425), group 2 (overweight, 25 ≤ BMI <30, n = 594) and group 3 (obese, BMI ≥ 30, n = 205). Demographic, intraoperative and postoperative data with oncological outcomes were recorded. The impact of obesity on those parameters was evaluated and statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS Mean age was 63.8 ± 6.1 years and mean follow-up was 43.1 ± 25.1 months (mean ± SD). There were 425 (34.7%) patients in group 1, 594 (48.5%) in group 2 and 205 (16.8%) in group 3. Operation time, clinical stage and estimated blood loss were significantly higher in group 3 than in the other groups (p < 0.001, p = 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). Bilateral nerve-sparing rate and bladder neck-sparing rate were significantly decreased in group 3 compared with the other groups (p = 0.001 and p < 0.038, respectively). Statistically significantly higher pathological stage, tumour volume, positive surgical margin and Gleason scores were determined in group 3 compared with the other groups (p = 0.023, p = 0.018, p = 0.009 and p = 0.028, respectively). There were similar urinary continence rates among the groups. The rate of penetration with or without medication was significantly lower in group 3 than in the other groups (p = 0.593 and p = 0.007, respectively). CONCLUSIONS LRP seemed safe and effective in obese patients, with similar mean overall survival, cancer-specific survival, complication rates and continence rates to normal weight patients in the long term.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Serdar Gözen
- Department of Urology, SLK Kliniken, University of Heidelberg , Heilbronn , Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|