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Bukreyev A, Lac A. A cue reactivity experiment: Exposure to images of alcoholic beverages and social contexts on alcohol cravings, motivations, attitudes, approval, and behavior. Addict Behav 2024; 158:108125. [PMID: 39127027 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
The incentive-sensitization theory of addiction postulates that relevant cues can trigger alcohol cravings, tendencies, and related outcomes. Additionally, consistent with the encoding specificity principle and social impact theory, social contexts depicting people can activate pro-alcohol reactions and tendencies. This randomized experiment tested the cue reactivity effects of exposure to images depicting variations in the number of people consuming alcoholic or nonalcoholic beverages on alcohol-related cravings and outcomes. The sample consisted of 594 adult alcohol users who passed manipulation checks. Participants were randomly assigned to a condition in a 2 (beverage type cue manipulation: alcoholic vs. nonalcoholic) × 3 (social context cue manipulation: beverage-only [no people] vs. solitary drinking [1 person] vs. social drinking [2 or more people]) factorial design and primed with a series of photographs. Dependent variables measured alcohol cravings, alcohol motives, alcohol attitudes, alcohol approval, and alcohol behavior. Factorial MANCOVA and ANCOVAs were performed. Main effects for the social context manipulation were found. Specifically, the social drinking condition compared to the beverage-only condition induced significantly higher pro-alcohol cravings, attitudes, and behaviors. The beverage type manipulation did not influence the dependent variables. The findings offer insights that visual cues depicting social drinking scenarios activated alcohol-related cravings and outcomes, regardless of whether the beverages shown were alcoholic or nonalcoholic. This priming experiment helps to understand the social mechanisms underlying cue reactivity and offers implications for advancing cue-based alcohol interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Bukreyev
- Department of Psychology, Utah State University, United States
| | - Andrew Lac
- Department of Psychology, University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, United States.
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2
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Perski O, Nikiel A, Brown J, Shahab L. Personality typologies of smokers and excessive drinkers: a cross-sectional survey of respondents in the BBC Lab UK Study. F1000Res 2024; 11:94. [PMID: 38046540 PMCID: PMC10690036 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.86670.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several personality traits have been linked to addictive behaviours, including smoking and excessive drinking. We hypothesised that the combination of low conscientiousness, high extraversion and high neuroticism would be synergistically associated with smoking, excessive drinking and both behaviours combined. Methods Respondents aged 16+ years ( N=363,454) were surveyed between 2009-2013 as part of the BBC Lab UK Study, with no restrictions on geographical location. Respondents provided information about sociodemographic characteristics, personality traits, and smoking and alcohol consumption. A series of multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted. Results No significant three-way but significant two-way interactive effects were observed. The association of high extraversion with smoking was more pronounced in those with high (vs. low) conscientiousness (OR adj=1.51, 95% CI=1.46, 1.56, p<.001; OR adj=1.38, 95% CI=1.35, 1.42, p<.001). The association of high extraversion with excessive drinking was more pronounced in those with low (vs. high) conscientiousness (OR adj=1.70, 95% CI=1.67, 1.74, p<.001; OR adj=1.60, 95% CI=1.56, 1.63, p<.001). The association of high extraversion with both behaviours combined was more pronounced in those with high (vs. low) conscientiousness (OR adj=1.74, 95% CI=1.65, 1.83, p<.001; OR adj=1.62, 95% CI= 1.56, 1.68, p<.001). Results remained largely robust in sensitivity analyses. Conclusions In a large international survey, we identified two-way 'personality typologies' that are associated with greater odds of smoking, excessive drinking and both behaviours combined. The results may be useful for the tailoring of behaviour change interventions to at-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Perski
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Astrid Nikiel
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jamie Brown
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lion Shahab
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
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Junkin E, Lau-Barraco C, Stamates AL. Normative Perceptions of Peer Drinking Distinguish High-Intensity Drinkers from Other Drinking Groups. Subst Use Misuse 2023; 59:69-78. [PMID: 37740503 PMCID: PMC10841369 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2023.2259463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Background: High-intensity drinking (HID), or drinking that doubles the binge threshold (i.e., 8+/10+ drinks for women/men), is associated with more negative consequences than binge-only drinking. However, research focusing on HID and factors that may delineate HID from other drinking behaviors is lacking. The present study evaluated if perceived norms for peer drinking behavior (i.e., descriptive norms for alcohol quantity and frequency and injunctive norms) differentiated high-intensity drinkers from other drinker statuses. Further, we evaluated the role of perceived norms on odds of HID engagement and HID frequency. Finally, college status, sex, and underage drinker status were evaluated as moderators of the association between perceived norms and HID status/frequency. Methods: Participants were 623 emerging adult drinkers recruited via Craigslist (68.7% male; 69.0% White). Participants completed an online survey on their drinking behaviors and related social factors. Results: Each domain of perceived norms positively associated with drinker status. Higher perceived norms were associated with greater odds of HID and predicted HID frequency. The association between quantity and frequency descriptive norms and HID engagement was stronger for nonstudents and was only significant for males. Underage drinker status did not moderate associations between perceived norms and HID engagement. Conclusions: Findings provided evidence that perceptions of peer drinking behaviors are strong indicators of HID risk and may be especially useful for identifying high-intensity drinking males and nonstudents. The utility of perceived peer norms to differentiate this group of particularly risky drinkers suggests that social-influence-focused intervention approaches, including norms correction, may be efficacious in targeting HID among emerging adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Junkin
- Old Dominion University
- Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology
| | - Cathy Lau-Barraco
- Old Dominion University
- Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology
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Verster JC, Donders JA, Boogaard AS, Bruce G. Predictors of Hangover Frequency and Severity: The Impact of Alcohol Consumption, Mental Resilience, Personality, Lifestyle, Coping and Mood. J Clin Med 2023; 12:3811. [PMID: 37298006 PMCID: PMC10253648 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12113811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Mental resilience is the ability to bounce back from daily life stressors such as divorce or losing a job. Extensive research has demonstrated a negative relationship between mental resilience and alcohol consumption. That is, both the quantity and frequency of alcohol consumption are greater in individuals with lower levels of mental resilience. There has, however, been little scientific attention paid to the relationship between mental resilience and alcohol hangover severity. The objective of this study was to evaluate psychological factors that may impact the frequency and severity of alcohol hangovers, including alcohol intake itself, mental resilience, personality, baseline mood, lifestyle, and coping mechanisms. An online survey was conducted among Dutch adults (N = 153) who had a hangover after their heaviest drinking occasion in the period before the start of the COVID-19 pandemic (15 January to 14 March 2020). Questions were asked about their alcohol consumption and hangover severity on their heaviest drinking occasion. Mental resilience was assessed with the Brief Mental Resilience scale, personality with the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised Short Scale (EPQ-RSS), mood via single item assessments, and lifestyle and coping with the modified Fantastic Lifestyle Checklist. The partial correlation, corrected for estimated peak blood alcohol concentration (BAC), between mental resilience and hangover severity was not significant (r = 0.010, p = 0.848). Furthermore, no significant correlations were found between hangover severity or frequency and personality and baseline mood. For lifestyle and coping factors, a negative correlation was found between the use of tobacco and toxins (i.e., drugs, medicines, caffeine) and the frequency of experiencing hangovers. Regression analysis revealed that hangover severity after the heaviest drinking occasion (31.2%) was the best predictor of hangover frequency, and that subjective intoxication on the heaviest drinking occasion (38.4%) was the best predictor of next-day hangover severity. Mood, mental resilience, and personality were not relevant predictors of hangover frequency and severity. In conclusion, mental resilience, personality, and baseline mood do not predict hangover frequency and severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris C. Verster
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.A.D.); (A.S.B.)
- Centre for Human Psychopharmacology, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC 3122, Australia
| | - Julie A. Donders
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.A.D.); (A.S.B.)
| | - Anne S. Boogaard
- Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands; (J.A.D.); (A.S.B.)
| | - Gillian Bruce
- Division of Psychology and Social Work, School of Education and Social Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Paisley PA1 2BE, UK;
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Understanding the associations between personality traits and the frequency of alcohol intoxication in young males and females: Findings from the United Kingdom. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2023; 234:103865. [PMID: 36812800 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.103865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The problem of alcohol intoxication is growing and expanding worldwide, which has numerous adverse health and psychological consequences. Thus, it is unsurprising that there are so many efforts made toward underlying the psychological determinants of alcohol intoxication. While some research found that the belief in drinking is important, other research considers personality traits as a risk factor for alcohol consumption and intoxication, which is backed by empirical evidence. However, previous studies classified individuals as binge drinkers or non-binge drinkers (i.e., binary). Thus, it remains unclear how the Big Five personality traits may relate to the frequency of alcohol intoxication in young people aged between 16 and 21 years old, who are more vulnerable to alcohol intoxication. By using two ordinal logistic regressions on 656 young males with a mean age of 18.50±1.63 years old and 630 female drinkers with a mean age of 18.49±1.55 years old who have ever been intoxicated during the past four weeks from Wave 3 (collected via face-to-face interviews or online surveys between 2011 and 2012) UKHLS (United Kingdom Household Longitudinal Study), the current research found that Extraversion has a positive association with the frequency of alcohol intoxication in both male (OR = 1.35, p < 0.01, 95 % C.I. [1.13, 1.61]) and female (OR = 1.29, p = 0.01, 95 % C.I. [1.06, 1.57]) drinkers whereas only Conscientiousness (OR = 0.75, p < 0.01, 95 % C.I. [0.61, 0.91]) is negatively connected to the frequency of alcohol intoxication in female drinkers.
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Bitsoih J, Patock-Peckham JA, Canning JR, Ong A, Becerra A, Broussard M. Do Coping Motives and Perceived Impaired Control Mediate the Indirect Links from Childhood Trauma Facets to Alcohol-Related Problems? Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:197. [PMID: 36975222 PMCID: PMC10044871 DOI: 10.3390/bs13030197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Self-Medication Hypothesis suggests that individuals drink to alleviate undesirable affective states. Behavioral Economics Theory states that individuals deprived of resources (i.e., physically neglected) consume more reinforcing substances when they are available than others. Childhood trauma may indirectly increase impaired control over alcohol (IC; drinking beyond one's own intentions) and thereby increase alcohol use and problems through the employment of coping-motives. METHOD A structural equation model that included sex as a covariate examined mediated paths with 612 university students. RESULTS Men were less likely to be emotionally abused and were more likely to use greater amounts of alcohol than women did. Physical neglect was directly linked to both more IC and alcohol use. Emotional and sexual abuse were directly linked to more coping motives. Both emotional and sexual abuse were indirectly linked to more alcohol use and its related problems through increased coping motives and IC. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with Behavioral Economics Theory, there was a direct link between physical neglect and IC. We also found partial support for the Self-Medication Hypothesis regarding the emotional and sexual abuse trauma dimensions; they indirectly contributed to alcohol use and its related problems via the mediating mechanisms of more coping motives and IC. Our findings suggest coping motives could be a therapeutic target for intervention among those sexually or emotionally abused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai Bitsoih
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1104, USA
| | | | - Jessica R. Canning
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-1525, USA
| | - Annie Ong
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1104, USA
| | - Allison Becerra
- Department of Counseling, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Matthew Broussard
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-1104, USA
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Perez-Araluce R, Bes-Rastrollo M, Martínez-González MÁ, Toledo E, Ruiz-Canela M, Barbería-Latasa M, Gea A. Effect of Binge-Drinking on Quality of Life in the 'Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra' (SUN) Cohort. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15051072. [PMID: 36904072 PMCID: PMC10004732 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Binge-drinking is one of the alcohol drinking patterns with the worst health consequences. Nonetheless, binge-drinking is highly prevalent. The perceived benefits that motivate it are ultimately related to subjective well-being. In this context, we analyzed the relationship between binge-drinking and quality of life. METHODS We evaluated 8992 participants of the SUN cohort. We classified as binge-drinkers those who reported consuming six or more drinks on at least one occasion the year before recruitment (n = 3075). We fitted multivariable logistic regression models to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) of a worse physical and mental quality of life, measured with the validated SF-36 questionnaire at 8 years of follow-up (cut-off point = P75 or highest score). RESULTS Binge-drinking was associated with greater odds of having a worse mental quality of life, even adjusting for quality of life at 4 years of follow-up, used as an approximation to a baseline measure (OR = 1.22 (1.07-1.38)). This value was mainly due to the effects on vitality (OR = 1.17 (1.01-1.34)) and mental health (OR = 1.22 (1.07-1.39)). CONCLUSIONS Binge-drinking may lead to poorer mental quality of life; therefore, binge-drinking for enhancement purposes does not seem to be justified by this effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Perez-Araluce
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Maira Bes-Rastrollo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network Center for Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Miguel Ángel Martínez-González
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network Center for Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Estefanía Toledo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network Center for Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Canela
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network Center for Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Barbería-Latasa
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Alfredo Gea
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Navarra Institute for Health Research, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Network Center for Pathophysiology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Bianchi LL, da Silva C, Lazaretti LR, França MTA. What factors matter in the amount of alcohol consumed? An analysis among Brazilian adolescents. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281065. [PMID: 36809257 PMCID: PMC9942966 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol consumption in the under-18 age group has been growing in recent years, leading to various health risks. Considering the problems this habit brings, the present study contributes to the literature dedicated to categorizing different types of drinkers. The study objective is to verify the factors associated with the intensity of alcohol use among elementary school students in the year 2015. The dataset came from the National Adolescent School-based Health Survey (PeNSE). The applied methodology was a logit model of sequential response (continuation ratio). The main results are as follows. It was found that being female is associated with a lesser chance of having consumed alcohol in the reference period, however, with a greater chance of consuming five or more doses. Economic condition and formal paid employment are positively associated with alcohol consumption, which increases with the progression of the student's age. The number of friends who drink alcohol and consumption of products originating from tobacco and illicit drugs, are good predictors of alcohol use by students. The time spent practicing physical activities increased the chance of male students consuming alcohol. The results showed that, in general, the characteristics associated with different alcohol consumption profiles remain similar but differ between genders. Intervention strategies aimed at preventing alcohol consumption by minors are suggested in order to reduce the negative effects of substance use and abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo L. Bianchi
- National School of Public Administration, Evidência Express, Brasília, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Cristiane da Silva
- Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Yadav P, Saini R, Chauhan V, Sood S. Personality traits associated with Alcohol Dependence Syndrome and its relapse. Med J Armed Forces India 2023; 79:80-86. [PMID: 36605344 PMCID: PMC9807673 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2021.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Course of Alcohol Dependence Syndrome (ADS) is studded with multiple relapses. Personality factors are implicated as one of the influencing factors in the course of this disorder. Keeping in view of scarcity of Indian data available, the study was planned with the aim to find Personality traits more commonly associated with ADS patients, and identify specific traits, associated with relapses of ADS. Method With sample size of 100 consecutive cases and 100 controls, socio-demographic data was collected. Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT) and Severity of Alcohol Use Disorder Test (SAD-Q) were administered to each of these patient. Personality dimensions were assessed with NEO-five factor inventory (NEO-FFI) (Costa and McCrae), for both groups and further compared for differences in the dimensions in each of its subscale. Results The NEO scores, showed statistically significant difference with Cases having higher scores in Neuroticism and control group in Openness and Conscientiousness. Neuroticism linked to higher scores of AUDIT and SADQ and also associated with relapses. Other traits also showed statistically significant association which are discussed. Conclusion As new factors are being explored for effective management, routine personality profiling is easily accomplished and can give delightful insight into focused and designed management plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Yadav
- Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, India
| | - Rajeev Saini
- Senior Advisor (Psychiatry), Command Hospital (EC), Kolkata, India
| | - V.S. Chauhan
- Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, India
| | - Sunaina Sood
- Medical Officer, 166 Military Hospital, C/o 56 APO, India
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Alexander SM, Howard AL, Maggs JL. Personality and Alcohol Use across College: Examining Context-Dependent Pathways toward Alcohol Problems. Subst Use Misuse 2022; 57:1450-1461. [PMID: 35762138 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2022.2091146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND College life is characterized by marked increases in alcohol consumption. Extraversion and neuroticism are associated with alcohol use problems in college and throughout adulthood, each with alcohol use patterns consistent with an externalizing and internalizing pathway respectively. Students higher in extraversion drink more frequently and consume more alcohol, while neuroticism is paradoxically not consistently associated with elevated alcohol use. OBJECTIVE This study examined whether students higher in neuroticism may drink the day before stressors, namely tests and assignment deadlines. METHOD Multilevel generalized linear models were performed using data from a longitudinal study of first-time, first-year undergraduates assessing alcohol use across four years of college, with daily diary bursts each semester. RESULTS Students higher in extraversion had heavier alcohol use and greater alcohol use problems in their fourth year of college. Neuroticism was not associated with drinking behaviors or with drinking before a test or assignment, but was associated with greater fourth year alcohol problems. Students lower in extraversion who reduced heavy drinking the day before academic events had fewer alcohol use problems at the fourth year of college relative to students higher in extraversion. CONCLUSIONS Students higher in extraversion appear to exhibit a continuity of established alcohol use patterns from adolescence, predisposing them to a more hazardous trajectory of college alcohol use. Characteristics of low extraversion may afford some protection from alcohol-positive college culture. High neuroticism appears associated with a hazardous trajectory of college alcohol use, but continued research into situational factors of alcohol use in high neuroticism is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Alexander
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea L Howard
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Maggs
- Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
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Skinner ML, Guttmannova K, Oesterle S, Kuklinski MR. Simultaneous use of marijuana and alcohol: Potential prevention targets among young adults who use alcohol. Addict Behav 2022; 124:107118. [PMID: 34583272 PMCID: PMC8527988 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous alcohol and marijuana use (SAM) such that their effects overlap has emerged as a behavior that is riskier than using either substance separately. It has been associated with high-risk binge drinking and driving while intoxicated during young adulthood, and it has been demonstrated to cause greater physical and mental impairment than use of alcohol or marijuana separately. To identify intervention and prevention targets specific to SAM, we examined the relationships between alcohol- and marijuana-specific beliefs and attitudes (risk factors) and self-reported SAM compared to non-simultaneous co-use (CAM) and alcohol use only in the past 30 days in a sample of young adults (n = 1,023, mean age = 23.17; SD = 0.43). Of those who reported drinking alcohol in the past 30 days, 20.7% reported SAM, 12.6% reported CAM, and 66.6% reported using only alcohol. Results from multinomial logistic regression analyses indicated that some marijuana-specific risk factors (e.g., belief that it is not at all wrong for someone their age to use marijuana) differentiated SAM or CAM from alcohol use only, but alcohol-specific risk factors generally did not. However, the perceptions that parents approved of their using marijuana or frequently drinking heavily were associated with a greater likelihood of SAM compared to CAM (OR ranged from 2.25 to 3.53). Findings point to the salience of individuals' attitudes and beliefs around marijuana use and their perception of parental approval of heavy drinking and marijuana use as potential targets for prevention programs targeting risk reduction among young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martie L. Skinner
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave. NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98125, USA,Corresponding Author:
| | - Katarina Guttmannova
- Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Box 356560, Seattle, WA 98195-6560, USA
| | - Sabrina Oesterle
- Southwest Interdisciplinary Research Center, School of Social Work, Arizona State University, 411 N Central Ave., Suite 720, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Margaret R. Kuklinski
- Social Development Research Group, School of Social Work, University of Washington, 9725 3rd Ave. NE, Suite 401, Seattle, WA 98125, USA
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Donaldson CD, Fecho CL, Ta T, Vuong TD, Zhang X, Williams RJ, Roeseler AG, Zhu SH. Vaping identity in adolescent e-cigarette users: A comparison of norms, attitudes, and behaviors. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 223:108712. [PMID: 33882430 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Using the tenets underlying social identity theory and the theory of planned behavior, the current study compared the perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors of e-cigarette users that reported vaping as self-defining ("vapers") compared to users that denied vaping was central to their identity ("non-vapers"). METHOD Secondary analyses of data from the 2017-2018 California Student Tobacco Survey were utilized. A weighted, multivariable regression model (N = 82,217) compared the demographic characteristics, beliefs, and behaviors of vapers and non-vapers. A path analytic model examined whether norms and attitudes mediated the relationship between vaper identity and use behavior. RESULTS Self-identified sexual and/or gender minority youth were more likely to identify as vapers compared to heterosexual and cisgender respondents. Youth that identified as vapers viewed e-cigarette use as more normative, held more favorable attitudes (i.e., lower harm beliefs), used e-cigarettes more frequently and in greater quantities, were more likely to use fruit and mint flavored e-cigarettes, and were more likely to acquire e-cigarettes from commercial sellers (i.e., vape/tobacco shops; all p < 0.05). Additionally, descriptive norms and attitudes mediated the relationship between vaper identity and use frequency/quantity. CONCLUSIONS Differences in e-cigarette beliefs and behaviors were found for youth e-cigarette users that perceived vaping as self-defining versus those that did not view vaping as part of their self-concept. Future studies are needed to examine causal directionality between identity, norms, attitudes, and behavior. Tobacco control efforts might use these findings to further denormalize vaping using evidence-based media campaigns and policy implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice D Donaldson
- California Tobacco Control Program, California Department of Public Health, Sacramento, CA, USA.
| | - Cassandra L Fecho
- California Tobacco Control Program, California Department of Public Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; Cal-EIS Program, California Department of Public Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Tiffany Ta
- California Tobacco Control Program, California Department of Public Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Tam D Vuong
- California Tobacco Control Program, California Department of Public Health, Sacramento, CA, USA; UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, UC Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Xueying Zhang
- California Tobacco Control Program, California Department of Public Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca J Williams
- California Tobacco Control Program, California Department of Public Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - April G Roeseler
- California Tobacco Control Program, California Department of Public Health, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Shu-Hong Zhu
- Department of Family Medicine & Public Health, UC San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Moores Cancer Center, UC San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
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Bouna-Pyrrou P, Muehle C, Kornhuber J, Weinland C, Lenz B. Body mass index and serum levels of soluble leptin receptor are sex-specifically related to alcohol binge drinking behavior. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 127:105179. [PMID: 33780690 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Binge drinking is a highly prevalent behavior in adolescents and young adults and a risk factor to develop alcohol use disorder. Body mass index (BMI) and blood levels of leptin peptide and its soluble receptor have been implicated in alcohol use disorder; however, their role in binge drinking remains to be investigated. METHOD We studied associations of BMI, serum levels of soluble leptin receptor (ObRe) and leptin as well as the free leptin index with binge drinking in 93 male and 99 female young adults. RESULTS In men, binge drinkers showed significantly higher BMI (kg/m2) than non-binge drinkers (23.67 vs. 22.08) and higher BMI correlated significantly with more severe binge drinking episodes (ρ = 0.251). In women, we found significantly higher ObRe (ng/ml) / BMI (kg/m2) values in binge drinkers than in non-binge drinkers (0.52 vs. 0.44) and ObRe/BMI values correlated significantly with more severe binge drinking episodes (ρ = 0.210). CONCLUSION This study confirms that higher BMI associates with binge drinking in men and shows for the first time a role of ObRe/BMI in binge drinking in women. Our data emphasize the importance of further research in the field of metabolic markers and implications in neurobiological processes of binge drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polyxeni Bouna-Pyrrou
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany.
| | - Christiane Muehle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Christian Weinland
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany
| | - Bernd Lenz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany; Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Germany
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Sensation seeking versus alcohol use: Evaluating temporal precedence using cross-lagged panel models. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 219:108430. [PMID: 33310382 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sensation seeking has been theoretically conceptualized as the personality trait for novel and complex experiences responsible for the predilection of engaging in risky activities. The study evaluated several cross-lagged panel models premised on various measurement variations of sensation seeking to determine the extent that each representation operates as the temporal antecedent or consequent of alcohol use. METHODS Participants (N = 201) were United States college students under 21 years of age. The measures, completed in two assessments separated by a month, included the Sensation Seeking Scale-V (SSS-V) and its subscales of boredom susceptibility, disinhibition, experience seeking, thrill & adventure seeking; the Brief Sensation Seeking Scale (BSSS); and the frequency and quantity of alcoholic drinks. Cross-lagged panel models containing synchronous correlations, auto-regressive paths, and cross-lagged paths were estimated in path analysis using structural equation modeling. RESULTS The cross-lagged panel model results varied depending on the measurement variant of sensation seeking. The SSS-V emerged as a longitudinal precursor to both drink frequency and quantity. Thrill & adventure seeking longitudinally anticipated drink frequency and quantity. However, disinhibition and drink quantity reciprocally reinforced one another across time. Boredom susceptibility and experience seeking did not exhibit any temporal directionality with alcohol behaviors. Furthermore, the BSSS operated as a longitudinal precursor of drink quantity. CONCLUSIONS Findings help to unravel the temporal precedent of sensation seeking versus alcohol behaviors based on the scrutiny of various sensation seeking measurement approaches.
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Shin SH, Jiskrova GK, Yoon SH, Kobulsky JM. Childhood maltreatment, motives to drink and alcohol-related problems in young adulthood. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2020; 108:104657. [PMID: 32854053 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young adults with a history of child maltreatment (CM) are often vulnerable to alcohol-related problems. Drinking motives have been widely studied to explain alcohol-related problems in young adulthood. OBJECTIVES The aims of the current study were to examine the link between CM and alcohol-related problems and to test whether CM is indirectly related to alcohol-related problems via different types of drinking motives. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Two hundred eight participants were recruited in a mid-Atlantic urban area (M age = 19.7, 78.4 % female) via advertisements placed throughout the community. METHODS Participants completed self-report measures of CM (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire), types of drinking motives (the Drinking Motives Questionnaire Revised Short Form), and alcohol-related problems (Rutgers Alcohol Problem Index). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test whether CM was associated with alcohol use, both directly and indirectly, through drinking motives. RESULTS We found that both coping (β = 0.53,p < 0.001) and enhancement drinking motives (β = 0.15, p = 0.031) were associated with alcohol-related problems. Additionally, CM was related to alcohol-related problems indirectly via coping motive (β = 0.11, p = 0.028). CONCLUSION Young adults with a history of CM may use alcohol to cope with trauma-related negative emotionality. Targeting emotional distress in CM-exposed individuals may be helpful in preventing and treating alcohol-related problems in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny H Shin
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Social Work, 1000 Floyd Avenue, Third Floor Richmond, VA 23284, United States; Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 1200 East Broad Street, Richmond, VA 23298, United States.
| | - Gabriela Ksinan Jiskrova
- Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Social Work, 1000 Floyd Avenue, Third Floor Richmond, VA 23284, United States
| | - Susan H Yoon
- Ohio State University, College of Social Work, 1947 N. College Road, Columbus, OH, 43210, United States
| | - Julia M Kobulsky
- Temple University, School of Social Work, 1101 W. Montgomery Ave. Third Floor Philadelphia, PA 19122, United States
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Donaldson CD, Siegel JT, Crano WD. Preventing college student nonmedical prescription stimulant use: Development of vested interest theory-based persuasive messages. Addict Behav 2020; 108:106440. [PMID: 32330764 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Vested interest theory (VIT) predicts that perceived importance and hedonic relevance of an expected behavioral outcome affects attitude-behavior consistency. Applied to college students' nonmedical use of prescription stimulants (NUPS), the theory posits that persuasive information that weakens vested perceptions regarding assumed advantages of stimulant misuse will reduce usage intentions. The current study developed and experimentally assessed persuasive messages that targeted perceptions of vested interest (VI), and examined if message effectiveness varied as a function of users' risk status. Appeals that focused on the physical harms of misuse served as the comparison condition. College student participants (N = 282) were randomly assigned to one of four message conditions. To examine group differences, data were analyzed in a 2 (VIT-based message: yes, no) × 2 (Physical harms emphasized: yes, no) × 3 (User status: resolute, vulnerable, user) between-subjects factorial design. Analyses showed that messages focused on lowering VI by convincing students that NUPS did not enhance cognitive functioning of non-ADD/ADHD students reduced perceived vested interest (p < .001) and attitude favoribility p = .005. In vulnerable nonusers, these messages also decreased NUPS intentions p = .006. The effect of exposure to the physical harm communication was not significant. Findings support the potential of VIT-guided messages in NUPS prevention, and the lack of effect of messages focused on physical consequences of misuse.
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Adolescents' Alcohol Use in Botellon and Attitudes towards Alcohol Use and Prevention Policies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17113885. [PMID: 32486276 PMCID: PMC7312522 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17113885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol is a common drug misused by young people worldwide. Previous studies have found that attitudes towards heavy consumption are stronger predictors than general norms concerning alcohol. This study aims to explore adolescents’ alcohol use and drunkenness, to understand adolescents’ attitudes towards alcohol use, drunkenness and prevention approaches, and to explore associations between attitudes and personal alcohol use and demographics. Methods: Cross-sectional face-to-face survey of 410 adolescents (61.2% women) who were socializing at night in the streets of Palma (Spain). Breath Alcohol Concentration (BrAC), self-reported measures of alcohol use and social variables were assessed. Results: 70.7% of respondents had a BrAC score higher than 0. The full sample reported having a mean of 3.9 drunk episodes in the last month, and a mean of 7.34 in Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). A total of 30.7% were under the minimum age limit for alcohol drinking in Spain and males showed higher BrAC than females. Bivariate analyses identified some differences in attitudes across participant demographics and personal alcohol use. In conclusion, we found high levels of alcohol use and drunkenness amongst adolescents, and adolescents’ attitudes towards drunkenness and prevention approaches were associated with their alcohol consumption as well as with age.
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Why are Spanish Adolescents Binge Drinkers? Focus Group with Adolescents and Parents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17103551. [PMID: 32438735 PMCID: PMC7277407 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Binge drinking in adolescents is a worldwide public healthcare problem. The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions about determinants of binge drinking in Spanish adolescents from the perspective of adolescents and parents. A qualitative study using fourteen semi-structured focus groups of adolescents was conducted during the 2014/2015 school year (n = 94), and four with parents (n = 19), based on the I-Change Model for health behaviour acquisition. Students had a low level of knowledge and risk perception and limited self-efficacy. Girls reported more parental control, and when they get drunk, society perceives them worse. Adolescents suggested focus preventive actions to improve self-efficacy and self-esteem. Parents were permissive about alcohol drinking but rejected binge drinking. They offered alcohol to their children, mainly during celebrations. A permissive family environment, lack of control by parents, adolescents’ low-risk perception, low self-esteem and self-efficacy, as well as the increase of binge drinking in girls as part of the reduction of the gender gap, emerge as risk factors for binge drinking. Future health programmes aimed at reducing binge drinking should focus on enhancing motivational factors, self-esteem, and self-efficacy in adolescents; supervision and parental control; as well as pre-motivational factors by increasing knowledge and risk awareness, considering gender differences.
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Yañez AM, Bennasar-Veny M, Leiva A, García-Toro M. Implications of personality and parental education on healthy lifestyles among adolescents. Sci Rep 2020; 10:7911. [PMID: 32404935 PMCID: PMC7220907 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-64850-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have shown an association between personality and health status. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between personality traits, parental education and health-related lifestyles in a cohort of Spanish adolescents. This is a longitudinal study with a source population of 1,123 third-year students (aged 14-15) in secondary schools in Spain. At the baseline evaluation sociodemographic variables, parental education and personality (Big Five Questionnaire for Children) were collected. At 18 months of follow-up health related lifestyles, including adherence to a healthy diet (KidMed index), tobacco and alcohol consumption, physical exercise, sleep problems and recreative screen and social network time were collected. A total of 824 adolescents (73.4%) completed the 18 months assessment and 695 (84.3%) presented valid data. Higher conscientiousness was associated to a lower risk for non-adherence to Mediterranean diet (OR = 0.7, 95% CIs=0.5-0.9), tobacco (OR = 0.5, 95% CIs=0.3-0.7) and alcohol consumption (OR = 0.6, 95% CIs=0.5-0.8), excessive use of screens (OR = 0.7, 95% CIs=0.5-0.9) and social network sites (OR = 0.7, 95% CIs=0.5-0.8). Higher levels of extraversion was significantly related to a lower risk of physical inactivity (OR = 0.7, 95% CIs=0.6-0.9), but they are at a higher risk of low adherence to Mediterranean diet (OR = 1.3, 95% CIs=1.0-1.7), tobacco (OR = 2.7, 95% CIs=1.7-4.3) and alcohol consumption (OR = 1.9, 95% CIs=1.5-2.4) and excessive use of social network sites (OR = 1.6, 95% CIs=1.3-1.9). High levels of emotional instability were associated with tobacco consumption (OR = 1.5, 95% CIs=1.0-2.2) and sleep problems (OR = 2.0, 95% CIs=1.5-2.7). Finally, we found an association with lower parental education and adolescents' low adherence to Mediterranean diet (OR = 1.6, 95% CIs=1.0-2.4) and sleep problems (OR = 1.8, 95% CIs=1.0-3.0). Cluster analysis of health-related behaviours indicated the presence of two different clusters (unhealthy and healthy adolescents) that were associated with personality traits. Conscientiousness, extraversion, emotional instability and parental education are independent factors associated with the acquisition of adolescent healthy lifestyles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aina M Yañez
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain.,Research Group on Global Health & Human Development, Balearic Islands University, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Miquel Bennasar-Veny
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma de Mallorca, Illes Balears, Spain. .,Research Group on Global Health & Human Development, Balearic Islands University, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain.
| | - Alfonso Leiva
- Primary Care Research Unit of Mallorca, Balearic Islands Health Service, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
| | - Mauro García-Toro
- Department of Medicine, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Illes Balears, Spain
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Martin JL, Ferreira JA, Haase RF, Martens MP, Coelho M, Martins J, Jome LM, Santos ER. The Influence of Personality and Drinking Motives on College Student Binge Drinking in the US and Portugal. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1027/2512-8442/a000047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. The present study examined whether personality traits and drinking motives interact to predict binge drinking and alcohol-related problems in a cross-cultural sample of college students. Participants were undergraduate drinkers ( N = 904; 66% female) from universities in Portugal ( N = 391) and the US ( N = 513). Participants completed measures assessing neuroticism, extraversion, conscientiousness, drinking motives, frequency of binge drinking, and the number of alcohol-related problems. A significant Country × Neuroticism × Conformity interaction was explained by differences between US and Portuguese samples. The effect of this interaction on alcohol- related problems was mediated by binge drinking. Findings suggest similarities and differences across cultures in the manner in which personality and drinking motives are associated with alcohol outcomes. Across cultures, neuroticism, extraversion, conscientiousness, and drinking motives are key factors to consider in the assessment, prevention, and treatment of alcohol use among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Martin
- Department of Educational and Counseling Psychology, Division of Counseling Psychology, University at Albany-State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | | | - Richard F. Haase
- Department of Educational and Counseling Psychology, Division of Counseling Psychology, University at Albany-State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Matthew P. Martens
- Department of Educational, School, and Counseling Psychology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Mariana Coelho
- Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge Martins
- Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - LaRae M. Jome
- Department of Educational and Counseling Psychology, Division of Counseling Psychology, University at Albany-State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Eduardo R. Santos
- Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Coimbra, Portugal
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Edwards KA, Witkiewitz K, Vowles KE. Demographic differences in perceived social norms of drug and alcohol use among Hispanic/Latinx and non-Hispanic White college students. Addict Behav 2019; 98:106060. [PMID: 31376659 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.106060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Social norms are a modifiable treatment target that can decrease problematic alcohol use among college students. However, little is known about how social norms may be related to cannabis, opioid, and stimulant use. Further, it is not known how these relations might differ by gender and race/ethnicity. This study sought to examine the role of descriptive social norms of two peer reference groups (close friend and acquaintance) in relation to personal substance use among four substances (opioids, alcohol, cannabis, and stimulants), and if these relations may be moderated by gender or race/ethnicity in a sample of Hispanic/Latinx (H/L) and Non-Hispanic White (NHW) students. Participants were primarily H/L (58%), women (70%), and freshman (47%). Findings indicated that higher perceived peer substance use was associated with higher personal use for alcohol and cannabis. Higher perceived close friend stimulant use was associated with higher personal stimulant use, although perceived acquaintance stimulant use was not associated with personal stimulant use. There was no association between perceived peer opioid use and personal opioid use. Men had a stronger positive association between perceived peer cannabis use and personal use. Women had a stronger positive association between perceived acquaintance stimulant use and personal use. H/L students had a stronger positive association between perceived peer cannabis use and personal use. NHW had no significant association between perceived peer opioid use and personal use. Findings suggest that men and H/L students may be more susceptible to peer influences on cannabis and opioid use.
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Garcia OF, Serra E, Zacares JJ, Calafat A, Garcia F. Alcohol use and abuse and motivations for drinking and non-drinking among Spanish adolescents: do we know enough when we know parenting style? Psychol Health 2019; 35:645-664. [DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2019.1675660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar F. Garcia
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Emilia Serra
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Jose Zacares
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amador Calafat
- European Institute of Studies on Prevention (Irefrea), Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Fernando Garcia
- Department of Methodology of the Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Elgàn TH, Durbeej N, Gripenberg J. Breath alcohol concentration, hazardous drinking and preloading among Swedish university students. NORDIC STUDIES ON ALCOHOL AND DRUGS 2019; 36:430-441. [PMID: 32934577 PMCID: PMC7434137 DOI: 10.1177/1455072519863545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately half of all young adults in Sweden are university students, and alcohol consumption is often a central part of students' social lives. Heavy drinking is associated with negative consequences, such as poor study skills, sexual risk-taking, violence and accidents. The aim of the present study is to assess the levels of alcohol intoxication as well as hazardous alcohol use among students at Swedish universities. METHODS In an alcohol field study, students (≥18 years old) were randomly selected and invited to participate. The settings were eight different parties at four universities in Sweden. Alcohol intoxication was measured using a breath analyser for breath alcohol concentration (BrAC). Demographic data (i.e., sex, age, number of years at the university) and responses to the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) were gathered through face-to-face interviews for the assessment of hazardous alcohol use. RESULTS In total, 723 students were invited to participate, 605 of whom consented (84% response rate). The mean age of the respondents was 22.2 years, and the proportion of women was 37%. A majority of the respondents (91%) reported drinking before arriving at the parties. Among those who had consumed alcohol before arriving, the average BrAC was 0.086%, and 36% had BrACs of 0.100% or more. The proportion of students reporting hazardous use was 86% for women and 87% for men. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the actual levels of intoxication among university students in four different cities. Alcohol intoxication and hazardous use among Swedish university students is a concern, and the university setting is an important arena for implementation of alcohol prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias H Elgàn
- STAD, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natalie Durbeej
- STAD, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johanna Gripenberg
- STAD, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
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Personality traits as predictors of early alcohol inebriation among young adolescents: Mediating effects by mental health and gender-specific patterns. Addict Behav 2019; 95:152-159. [PMID: 30925439 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to predict alcohol inebriation and mental health (internalizing and externalizing problems plus well-being), and potential gender-specific patterns among young adolescents, by a biopsychosocial model of personality traits. Self-reported data from 853 adolescents (479 girls) in Sweden, aged 13-15 years, from the Longitudinal Research on Development In Adolescence (LoRDIA) program were used. Predictions from personality to inebriation and mediating effects of mental health were estimated by means of logistic regression and generalized structural equation modelling. Separated gender analyses were performed throughout the study to reveal potential gender-specific patterns. Externalizing problems, Novelty Seeking and Cooperativeness had independent effects on alcohol inebriation for both genders as well as Harm Avoidance among girls and Internalizing problems among boys. Novelty Seeking and Self-Directedness had indirect effects through externalizing problems and Harm Avoidance and Self-Directedness had indirect effects through internalizing problems for boys. Self-directedness showed an indirect effect through externalizing problems for girls. The combination of an immature character (low Self-directedness and Cooperativeness) with an extreme temperament profile (high Novelty Seeking and low Harm Avoidance) was a predictor of inebriation across gender, both directly and indirectly through mental health. This study contributes with valuable information about gender-specific considerations when developing and conducting preventative interventions targeting psychological risk and resilience factors for early alcohol inebriation among young adolescents.
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Decaluwe B, Fortin M, Moisan C, Muckle G, Belanger RE. Drinking motives supporting binge drinking of Inuit adolescents. Canadian Journal of Public Health 2019; 110:414-421. [PMID: 31062338 DOI: 10.17269/s41997-019-00212-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Binge drinking has been identified as a public health concern among several Indigenous communities in Canada. Drinking motives have been shown to significantly influence drinking patterns among youth, but no research has been conducted among Inuit populations. This article assesses whether specific drinking motives are related to the number of binge drinking episodes among Inuit adolescents from Nunavik. METHODS The data are drawn from the Nunavik Child Development Study, a longitudinal study conducted in the Canadian Arctic. Questions on alcohol use, binge drinking and drinking motives were asked to 174 adolescents (mean age of 18.5 years). Analyses of variance were used to test the relation between drinking motives and number of binge drinking episodes over the last year. RESULTS Most Inuit participants mentioned drinking for enhancement reasons. A higher number of binge drinking episodes were reported among both adolescent males and adolescent females who frequently endorse enhancement motives, while social and coping motives have been exclusively related to binge drinking episodes among males. CONCLUSION Findings highlight that motivational aspects supporting binge drinking among Inuit adolescents vary across sex and slightly contrast with studies conducted in non-Indigenous populations. Culturally relevant preventive interventions that target motivational aspects and take into account sex differences are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Decaluwe
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Branch, CHU de Québec Research Centre - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Marilyn Fortin
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Douglas Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Caroline Moisan
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Branch, CHU de Québec Research Centre - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,School of Psychology, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Gina Muckle
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Branch, CHU de Québec Research Centre - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,School of Psychology, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Richard E Belanger
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Branch, CHU de Québec Research Centre - Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada. .,Department of Paediatrics, Centre mère-enfant Soleil, CHU de Québec - Université Laval, 2705, Laurier Blvd, R1742, Quebec City, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
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Nogueira-Arjona R, Shannon T, Kehayes IL, Sherry SB, Keough MT, Stewart SH. Drinking to keep pace: A study of the moderating influence of extraversion on alcohol consumption similarity in drinking buddy dyads. Addict Behav 2019; 92:69-75. [PMID: 30597333 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Heavy drinking in college remains a concerning issue due to its association with both health and social risks. While modelling contributes to college students' alcohol use, little work has identified who might be most susceptible to modelling effects. Peterson, Morey, and Higgins (2005) found males high in extraversion were more susceptible than others to matching strangers' drinking levels in a lab-based social drinking context. We sought to replicate and extend these findings by examining the impact of extraversion on social matching of alcohol consumption levels of a drinking buddy in college students' real lives. First, a significant relationship between buddy and target drinking levels was predicted in dyadic drinking situations. Additionally, we hypothesized that target extraversion would positively moderate this buddy- target drinking levels relationship. Data from 149 college student targets (74% F) and their same-sex drinking buddy were collected through online questionnaires examining targets' extraversion levels, and the drinking levels and social drinking context of both dyad members through a 30-day Timeline Followback measure. Linear mixed-effects modelling confirmed the study's first social matching hypothesis, while also revealing that target extraversion positively moderated the relationship between buddy and target daily drinking levels in dyadic drinking contexts. Findings extend those of Peterson et al. (2005) to a real-world (vs. lab-based) context, modelling of a buddy's (vs. stranger's) drinking levels, and a sample including women (vs. all-male). Results provide novel information on extraversion's contributions to modelling of alcohol use that may guide useful modifications to personality-based interventions for reducing college student heavy drinking.
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Grifasi IR, McIntosh SE, Thomas RD, Lysle DT, Thiele TE, Marshall SA. Characterization of the Hippocampal Neuroimmune Response to Binge-Like Ethanol Consumption in the Drinking in the Dark Model. Neuroimmunomodulation 2019; 26:19-32. [PMID: 30625475 PMCID: PMC6389401 DOI: 10.1159/000495210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alcohol dependence leads to dysregulation of the neuroimmune system, but the effects of excessive alcohol consumption on key players of the neuroimmune response after episodic binge drinking in nondependence has not been readily assessed. These studies seek to determine how the neuroimmune system within the hippocampus responds to binge-like consumption prior to dependence or evidence of brain damage. METHODS C57BL/6J mice underwent the drinking in the dark (DID) paradigm to recapitulate binge consumption. Immunohistochemical techniques were employed to determine the effects of ethanol on cytokine and astrocyte responses within the hippocampus. Astrocyte activation was also assessed using qRT-PCR. RESULTS Our results indicated that binge-like ethanol consumption resulted in a 3.6-fold increase in the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1β immunoreactivity in various regions of the hippocampus. The opposite effect was seen in the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Binge-like consumption resulted in a 67% decrease in IL-10 immunoreactivity but had no effect on IL-4 or IL-6 compared with the water-drinking control group. Moreover, astrocyte activation occurred following ethanol exposure as GFAP immunoreactivity was increased over 120% in mice that experienced 3 cycles of ethanol binges. PCR analyses indicated that the mRNA increased by almost 4-fold after one cycle of DID, but this effect did not persist in abstinence. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these findings suggest that binge-like ethanol drinking prior to dependence causes dysregulation to the neuroimmune system. This altered neuroimmune state may have an impact on behavior but could also result in a heightened neuroimmune response that is exacerbated from further ethanol exposure or other immune-modulating events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella R Grifasi
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fred P. Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina, USA
| | - Scot E McIntosh
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fred P. Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rhiannon D Thomas
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Donald T Lysle
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Todd E Thiele
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - S Alex Marshall
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fred P. Wilson School of Pharmacy, High Point University, High Point, North Carolina, USA,
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA,
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Wombacher K, Matig JJ, Sheff SE, Scott AM. "It Just Kind of Happens": College Students' Rationalizations for Blackout Drinking. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2019; 34:1-10. [PMID: 29048236 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2017.1384351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Nearly half of college students engage in binge drinking, and blackouts (i.e., episodes of periodic memory loss) represent one common consequence of this behavior. Although researchers have begun to understand the extent to which students black out, little is known about why they do so. We conducted two studies to further our understanding of this risky health behavior. In Study 1, we conducted face-to-face interviews (N = 19) to explore students' blackout experiences. Our findings suggest that students recognize that blacking out is an unhealthy behavior; however, because such a recognition contradicts group norms about alcohol consumption, it causes them to experience dissonance, which they manage via a variety of rationalization strategies. We investigated these findings more systematically through an online survey in Study 2, in which students (N = 254) reported on their own and others' beliefs and behaviors about blacking out. Our results indicate that many of the rationalization strategies students identified in Study 1 were grounded in fallacious reasoning. We discuss the collective implications of these findings for future interventions addressing students' excessive drinking behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacob J Matig
- a Department of Communication , University of Kentucky
| | - Sarah E Sheff
- a Department of Communication , University of Kentucky
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Lac A, Donaldson CD. Personality Traits Moderate Connections from Drinking Attitudes to Alcohol Use and Myopic Relief, Self-inflation, and Excess. Subst Use Misuse 2019; 54:818-830. [PMID: 30636496 PMCID: PMC6474819 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2018.1544985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol myopia theory postulates that the level of alcohol use in conjunction with personal cues, such as alcohol attitudes and personality traits help to understand the types of consequences manifested. OBJECTIVES This study examined and identified the personality traits that served as predictors and moderators of the risk connections from drinking attitudes to alcohol use to myopia outcomes. METHODS College students (N = 433) completed self-report measures. In a path analysis using structural equation modeling, personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness, and neuroticism), drinking attitudes, and personality × drinking attitudes interactions simultaneously served as predictors on the outcomes of alcohol use and myopic relief, self-inflation, and excess. RESULTS Alcohol attitudes and use consistently emerged as unique predictors of all three myopia outcomes. Extraversion and neuroticism were identified as statistical moderators, but results varied depending on the myopia outcome interpreted. Specifically, extraversion moderated the pathways from attitudes to usage and from attitudes to myopic relief. Neuroticism, however, moderated the relations from attitudes to myopic self-inflation and from attitudes to myopic excess. Conclusions/Importance: Extraverted and neurotic dispositions could exacerbate or attenuate the risk connections from alcohol attitudes to outcomes. Findings offer implications for alcohol prevention efforts designed to simultaneously target drinking attitudes, personality traits, and alcohol myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Lac
- a University of Colorado - Colorado Springs , Colorado Springs, Colorado, USA
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Lee P, Lee S. Discovering the Hidden Profiles of Employee Drinking Motives: An Application of Integrated Variable- and Person-Centered Latent Profile Analysis. Subst Use Misuse 2018; 53:2299-2309. [PMID: 30001161 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2018.1473436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The drinking motives questionnaire (DMQ, Cooper, 1994) has been a very useful measurement tool for understanding why people drink alcohol. Recent attempts to examine drinking motives used the DMQ within a person-centered analysis framework. However, latent profiles identified in previous research largely presented level effects without strong shape effects, which consequently restricted meaningful interpretations and effective applications of drinking-motive profiles. To address this limitation, we applied a new alternative methodology for the study of drinking motives that integrated variable- and person-centered approaches. Our research clearly demonstrated that controlling for an overarching general drinking-motive construct provided a clearer disaggregation of shape and level effects. Four latent profiles were identified that represented a combination of shape and level effects. Each profile predicted different patterns of alcohol use. Theoretical as well as practical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philseok Lee
- a Department of Psychology , George Mason University , Fairfax , Virginia , USA
| | - Sunhee Lee
- b Department of Psychology , Chungnam National University , Daejeon , Republic of Korea
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Kunst LE, Gebhardt WA. Prevalence and Psychosocial Correlates of Party-Drug Use and Associated Problems among University Students in the Netherlands. Subst Use Misuse 2018; 53:2077-2088. [PMID: 29668345 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2018.1455700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent developments in drug use patterns call for an investigation of current party-drug use and associated problems among college students, who appear to be an important target population for harm reduction interventions. OBJECTIVES In addition to reporting on party-drug use prevalence, we investigated whether initial use and continuation of party-drug use among students was associated with demographic, personality and psychosocial factors. METHODS An online questionnaire was administered to 446 students from a Dutch university, inquiring about party-drug use, demographic characteristics, social norms and personality (big five, impulsiveness, aggression). Univariate and multivariate bootstrapped linear regression analyses were used. RESULTS Of all students, 22.9% indicated having used party-drugs at least once, with a notable sex difference (39.2% of men vs. 16.2% of women). In contrast to the reported trends in Dutch nightlife, GHB was used rarely (lifetime 1.6%) and new psychoactive substances (NPS; 6.7%) appeared almost equally popular as amphetamines (7.6%) and cocaine (7%). Mild health/psychosocial problems (e.g., doing embarrassing things, feeling unwell) were common (65%), whereas serious problems (e.g., being hospitalized) were rare. Neuroticism, extraversion, conscientiousness and impulsiveness were associated with lifetime but not regular party-drug use. Of all predictors, lifetime and regular party-drug use were most strongly related to lenient injunctive and descriptive norms in friends, and a low motivation to comply with parents. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that harm reduction/preventive interventions might profit from focusing on social norms, and targeting students who are highly involved in a pro-party-drug environment while experiencing less parental influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Kunst
- a Health, Medical and Neuropsychology Unit , Institute of Psychology, Leiden University , Leiden , The Netherlands.,b Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology , Tilburg School for Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University , Tilburg , The Netherland
| | - Winifred A Gebhardt
- a Health, Medical and Neuropsychology Unit , Institute of Psychology, Leiden University , Leiden , The Netherlands
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Sprake EF, Russell JM, Cecil JE, Cooper RJ, Grabowski P, Pourshahidi LK, Barker ME. Dietary patterns of university students in the UK: a cross-sectional study. Nutr J 2018; 17:90. [PMID: 30290816 PMCID: PMC6172790 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-018-0398-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background University represents a key transition into adulthood for many adolescents but there are associated concerns about health and behaviours. One important aspect relates to diet and there is emerging evidence that university students may consume poor quality diets, with potential implications for body weight and long-term health. This research aimed to characterise dietary patterns of university students in the UK and their sociodemographic and lifestyle antecedents. Methods An online, cross-sectional survey was undertaken with a convenience sample of 1448 university students from five UK universities (King’s College London, Universities of St Andrews, Southampton and Sheffield, and Ulster University). The survey comprised a validated food frequency questionnaire alongside lifestyle and sociodemographic questions. Dietary patterns were generated from food frequency intake data using principal components analysis. Nutrient intakes were estimated to characterise the nutrient profile of each dietary pattern. Associations with sociodemographic variables were assessed through general linear modelling. Results Dietary analyses revealed four major dietary patterns: ‘vegetarian’; ‘snacking’; ‘health-conscious’; and ‘convenience, red meat & alcohol’. The ‘health-conscious’ pattern had the most favourable micronutrient profile. Students’ gender, age, year of study, geographical location and cooking ability were associated with differences in pattern behaviour. Female students favoured the ‘vegetarian’ pattern, whilst male students preferred the ‘convenience, red meat & alcohol’ pattern. Less healthful dietary patterns were positively associated with lifestyle risk factors such as smoking, low physical activity and take-away consumption. The health-conscious pattern had greatest nutrient density. The ‘convenience, red meat & alcohol’ pattern was associated with higher weekly food spending; this pattern was also identified most consistently across universities. Students reporting greater cooking ability tended towards the ‘vegetarian’ and ‘health-conscious’ patterns. Conclusions Food intake varied amongst university students. A substantial proportion of students followed health-promoting diets, which had good nutrient profiles obviating a need for dietary intervention. However, some students consumed poor diets, incurred greater food costs and practised unfavourable lifestyle behaviours, which may have long-term health effects. University policy to improve students’ diets should incorporate efforts to promote student engagement in cooking and food preparation, and increased availability of low cost healthier food items. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12937-018-0398-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- E F Sprake
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Oncology & Metabolism, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - J M Russell
- Corporate Information & Computing Service, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2GU, UK
| | - J E Cecil
- Medical & Biological Sciences Building, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9TF, UK
| | - R J Cooper
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK
| | - P Grabowski
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Oncology & Metabolism, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - L K Pourshahidi
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food & Health (NICHE), Ulster University, Coleraine, BT52 1SA, UK
| | - M E Barker
- Food & Nutrition Group, Business School, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, S1 1WB, UK.
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Lac A, Donaldson CD. Testing competing models of injunctive and descriptive norms for proximal and distal reference groups on alcohol attitudes and behavior. Addict Behav 2018; 78:153-159. [PMID: 29175291 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Injunctive norms represent perceptions regarding the extent that others approve of a behavior, whereas descriptive norms represent perceptions of the extent that others engage in a behavior. This study evaluated competing path models, varying in the representation of injunctive and descriptive norm constructs, to forecast alcohol attitudes and use. METHODS College students (N=326) answered questions about their normative perceptions regarding three relevant reference groups (typical students, friends, and parents) in the form of alcohol injunctive and descriptive norms. Personal alcohol attitudes (approval) and usage were assessed one month later. RESULTS The path analysis model arranged by injunctive versus descriptive found that injunctive norms explained attitudes, but descriptive norms contributed to behavior. In the path analysis model of constructs organized by reference groups, friend and parent norms uniquely contributed to attitudes, but typical student, friend, and parental norms contributed to use. Finally, the comprehensive model based on each reference group combination with injunctive and descriptive norms (e.g., typical student injunctive) determined that friend injunctive norms and parent injunctive norms uniquely forecasted alcohol attitudes, whereas typical student injunctive norms, typical student descriptive norms, and friend descriptive norms forecasted behavior. CONCLUSIONS A novel contribution of the study is the scrutiny of competing models of alcohol norms using the same multifaceted measures. Disparate implications emerge about the role of subjective norms as a function of the approach to compute the constructs. The most nuanced insights were obtained in the final comprehensive model involving the representation of norms at the finest level of specificity.
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Abrantes AM, Scalco MD, O’Donnell S, Minami H, Read JP. Drinking and exercise behaviors among college students: between and within-person associations. J Behav Med 2017; 40:964-977. [DOI: 10.1007/s10865-017-9863-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Kuntsche E, Kuntsche S, Thrul J, Gmel G. Binge drinking: Health impact, prevalence, correlates and interventions. Psychol Health 2017; 32:976-1017. [PMID: 28513195 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2017.1325889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Binge drinking (also called heavy episodic drinking, risky single-occasion drinking etc.) is a major public health problem. This paper provides an overview of recently published evidence concerning the definition and measurement, prevalence rates, health impact, demographic and psychosocial correlates of, and interventions for, binge drinking. DESIGN Narrative review. RESULTS Mostly occurring among young people at weekends, binge drinking increases the risk of both acute (e.g. injuries) and long-term negative consequences (e.g. alcohol disorders). Binge drinkers tend to be extrovert, impulsive and sensation-seeking. Stress, anxiety, traumatic events and depression are also related to binge drinking. Both alcohol-related behaviour of parents and general parenting (e.g. parenting styles, monitoring) are also important. Other major risk factors for binge drinking are frequently spending time with friends who drink, and the drinking norms observed in the wider social environment (e.g. school, community, culture). Emergency departments, birthday parties, fraternities and the workplace serve as settings for interventions; these are increasingly delivered via digital and mobile technology. There is evidence of small-sized effects across approaches (brief interventions, personalised normative feedback, protective behavioural strategies etc.) and populations. CONCLUSION A more consistent terminology, investigating multi-level influences and identifying the most effective intervention components are challenges for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Kuntsche
- a Addiction Switzerland, Research Department , Lausanne , Switzerland.,b Behavioural Science Institute , Radboud University , Nijmegen , The Netherlands.,c Institute of Psychology , Eötvös Loránd University , Budapest , Hungary
| | - Sandra Kuntsche
- a Addiction Switzerland, Research Department , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Johannes Thrul
- d Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education , University of California , San Francisco , CA , USA
| | - Gerhard Gmel
- a Addiction Switzerland, Research Department , Lausanne , Switzerland.,e Alcohol Treatment Centre , Lausanne University Hospital , Lausanne , Switzerland
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Adan A, Forero DA, Navarro JF. Personality Traits Related to Binge Drinking: A Systematic Review. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:134. [PMID: 28804465 PMCID: PMC5532381 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The pattern of alcohol consumption in the form of binge drinking (BD) or heavy episodic drinking has increased notably worldwide in recent years, especially among adolescent and young people, being currently recognized as a global health problem. Although only a minority of binge drinkers will develop a substance use disorder, BD may have negative personal and social consequences in the short and medium term. The objective of this article is to review the findings on personality traits related to binge drinkers and to emphasize the aspects that should be examined in order to make progress in this area. The main characteristics of personality related to the practice of BD, regardless of the theoretical model used, are high Impulsivity and high Sensation seeking, as well as Anxiety sensitivity, Neuroticism (Hopelessness), Extraversion and low Conscientiousness. The data obtained may have theoretical implications to elucidate the endophenotype of BD, but they are especially useful for their preventive applications. Integration into prevention programs of emotional self-control skills, decision-making, social skills, and strategies to manage negative emotions will minimize the risk factors or consequences of BD associated with personality and will improve their effectiveness. In the future, it is necessary to harmonize a common measurement instrument for the assessment of personality, develop longitudinal studies with large samples that also integrate biological and neurocognitive measurements, and determine the reciprocal relationship between personality and BD together with its modulating variables, as well as the possible cultural differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Adan
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diego A Forero
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Genetics, School of Medicine, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia
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