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Cheng Y, Gu H, Shi Z, Chen H. The Relationship Between Identity Confusion and Adolescent Non-Suicidal Self-Injury: The Mediating Role of Psychological Distress and the Moderating Role of Life History Strategy. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2025:8862605251336361. [PMID: 40336466 DOI: 10.1177/08862605251336361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2025]
Abstract
Previous research has shown that an increase in identity confusion is associated with a higher risk of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) in adolescents. Based on the identity-NSSI interplay model, we tested psychological distress as a mediator of this association. Based on the life history theory, we tested whether a slow life history strategy could weaken this mediation process. Five hundred and eighty-two Chinese middle school students (Mage = 13.75, SD = 0.67) completed questionnaires regarding identity confusion, psychological distress, life history strategy, and NSSI in May 2024. The results of structural equation modeling showed that identity confusion significantly predicted adolescent NSSI, and psychological distress mediated the association. Life history strategy moderated the second stage of the indirect effect (i.e., the relationship between psychological distress and NSSI). Specifically, the slower the life history strategy, the weaker the indirect effect of identity confusion on NSSI through psychological distress. These findings highlight the value of integrating life history strategy into research on adolescent NSSI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Honglei Gu
- Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zifu Shi
- Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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2
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Frick MA, Brandt A, Hellund S, Grimell J. ADHD and Identity Formation: Adolescents' Experiences From the Healthcare System and Peer Relationships. J Atten Disord 2025; 29:541-553. [PMID: 39963782 PMCID: PMC11956369 DOI: 10.1177/10870547251318484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2025]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE ADHD is often a lifelong condition, and has grown increasingly prevalent over the past few decades. Adolescence is a period characterized by the quest to develop a coherent identity, yet relatively little research has examined the relationship between ADHD diagnosis and identity. The purpose of this study was to explore the importance of experiences of the healthcare system and of peer relationships in the identity formation of adolescents with ADHD. METHOD This was investigated through semi-structured interviews with 10 adolescents (n = 8 females and 2 males) aged 15 to 18 years. An inductive thematic analysis was conducted within a narrative framework. RESULTS The results revealed seven main themes indicating that ADHD played a central role in the adolescents' self-narratives: (1) limited effect of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (CAP) contact on identity formation, (2) the ADHD concept as meaning-making, (3) heterogeneity of the role of medication on identity formation, (4) negotiation of identity in relation to others, (5) varying degrees of acceptance in different relationships, (6) perceiving oneself as a troublemaker, and (7) relationship difficulties. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the diagnosis constituted an important narrative and symptoms of ADHD rather than the label of ADHD tended to be stigmatizing. Furthermore, medication affected identity, and some felt pressured to medicate to adhere to social norms. A common pattern was that adolescents set aside their individual identity in favor of their relational identity.
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Fan W, Li M. Personal Identity Development in Chinese Early Adolescents: Predictions From Parenting Style and Peer Relationships. Child Dev 2025; 96:1165-1176. [PMID: 39927696 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.14227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2025] [Indexed: 02/11/2025]
Abstract
This four-wave longitudinal study among 698 Chinese early adolescents explored (1) how personal identity coherence and confusion develop; and (2) whether parenting style and peer relationships (i.e., close friend relationships and peer preference) were related to personal identity development. Participants (Mage = 11.39 yrs., SDage = 0.53; 53.7% girls) reported perceived parenting style, close friend relationships, and personal identity in Grade 6. Peer preference was assessed using peer nominations. Personal identity was remeasured in Grades 7, 8, and 9. The multiple-indicator latent growth curve models revealed a decreased pattern in identity coherence and a curvilinear pattern in identity confusion. Higher authoritarian parenting and friend support were associated with sharper decreases in identity coherence. Implications for improving adolescent identity development were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqiao Fan
- School of Psychology, and Shanghai Institue of Career Development and Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengting Li
- School of Education Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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4
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Samaey C, Lambrechts S, Lecei A, Achterhof R, Hagemann N, Hermans KSFM, Hiekkaranta AP, Kirtley OJ, Reininghaus U, Boets B, Myin-Germeys I, van Winkel R. The role of identity in the development of depressive, anxiety and psychosis symptoms in adolescents exposed to childhood adversity: a process-oriented approach. BMC Psychiatry 2025; 25:194. [PMID: 40033242 PMCID: PMC11874077 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-025-06649-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2025] [Indexed: 03/05/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood adversity is known to predispose to a wide array of psychopathology in adolescence and early adulthood. Identity development, being a crucial developmental task during adolescence, has been suggested to affect this association. Nonetheless, research on the role of identity processes is scarce. The current study aims to investigate how identity processes of exploration and commitment may impact the association between childhood adversity and psychopathology. METHODS We cross-sectionally investigated the association between childhood adversity, identity processes (i.e., exploration in breadth and depth, commitment making, identification with commitment and ruminative exploration) and depressive, anxiety and psychosis symptoms in 869 Flemish adolescents between 14 and 20 years old (mean = 15.52, SD = 1.28). RESULTS Childhood adversity was associated with increased ruminative exploration, which itself was associated with increased psychopathology. On the other hand, commitment making, identification with commitment and exploration in breadth were associated with decreased psychopathology. Processes of exploration in breadth and commitment making attenuated the association between childhood adversity and psychopathology. Moreover, identification with commitment and ruminative exploration potentially mediated this association. CONCLUSION These findings underscore the importance of healthy identity processes in adolescents, with and without exposure to childhood adversity. Measures of identity structure and identity processes should be combined to fully capture identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Samaey
- Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Psychiatry, Center for Clinical Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Stijn Lambrechts
- Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Psychiatry, Center for Clinical Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aleksandra Lecei
- Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Psychiatry, Center for Clinical Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robin Achterhof
- Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Psychiatry, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Noëmi Hagemann
- Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Psychiatry, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karlijn S F M Hermans
- Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Psychiatry, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Strategy and Academic Affairs, Administration and Central Services, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anu P Hiekkaranta
- Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Psychiatry, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Olivia J Kirtley
- Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Psychiatry, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ulrich Reininghaus
- Department of Public Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Central Institute of Mental Health, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
- ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health and Social Epidemiology Research Group, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Bart Boets
- Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Psychiatry, Center for Developmental Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Psychiatry, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ruud van Winkel
- Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Psychiatry, Center for Clinical Psychiatry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven, University Psychiatric Center (UPC), Leuven, Belgium
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5
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Phua DY, Chew CSM. Core features of positive mental health in adolescents and their protective role against psychopathology. Sci Rep 2025; 15:4228. [PMID: 39905231 PMCID: PMC11794630 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-025-88454-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2025] [Indexed: 02/06/2025] Open
Abstract
Mental health is more than the absence of mental illnesses. However, while we acknowledge the importance of positive mental health, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding about positive mental health in adolescents and how it protects against psychopathology. This study seeks to understand adolescent positive mental health as a complex system by estimating the networks of components associated with positive mental health and their relationships to indicators of negative mental health. We analyzed data from 1909 adolescents aged 16-19 in Singapore using regular Gaussian Graphic models and Bayesian Directed Acyclic Graphs. Here we report positive self-image as a central upstream node with significant downstream effects on various aspects of well-being. Conversely, positive affect, social skills, perseverance and poor stress management are identified as downstream nodes with limited influence on other components. Our findings highlight the complex interplay between different dimensions of adolescent mental health and underscore the importance of positive self-image as a critical determinant of overall well-being. These results provide valuable insights for designing targeted interventions to enhance positive self-image to promote positive mental health and mitigate the risk of adverse outcomes among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desiree Y Phua
- Institute for Human Development and Potential (IHDP), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117609, Republic of Singapore.
| | - Chermaine S M Chew
- Institute for Human Development and Potential (IHDP), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 30 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117609, Republic of Singapore
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Sugimura K, Hihara S, Hatano K, Umemura T, Crocetti E. The Interplay Between Personal Identity and Social Identity Among Vocational High School Students: A Three-Wave Longitudinal Study. J Youth Adolesc 2025; 54:454-467. [PMID: 39302608 PMCID: PMC11807075 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-02073-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Although identity research has predominantly focused on college-bound adolescents, it has largely neglected vocational high school students who enter the job market immediately after graduation. Furthermore, most studies have concentrated on personal identity and have overlooked the concurrent development of social identity. This study examined the relationship between adolescents' personal and social identities over three years of vocational high school. The participants were 4,264 vocational high school students in Japan (Time 1: 46.44% girls; Mage = 15.78). Using a random intercept cross-lagged panel model, the results indicated that within-person increases in social identity predicted increases in personal identity one year later. These findings highlight the importance of social identity as a valuable resource for personal identity development among vocational high school students, a group underrepresented in identity research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumi Sugimura
- Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-1-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8524, Japan.
| | - Shogo Hihara
- Faculty of Business Administration, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8578, Japan
| | - Kai Hatano
- Graduate School of Sustainable System Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Tomotaka Umemura
- Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-1-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8524, Japan
| | - Elisabetta Crocetti
- Department of Psychology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 5, Cesena, FC, 47521, Italy
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Yan Y, Zhang J, Lu N. Adverse childhood experiences and self-esteem among adolescents: The role of social capital and gender. J Adolesc 2024; 96:1539-1554. [PMID: 38867608 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adverse childhood experiences have long-lasting effects on the self-esteem of adolescents. However, the extrinsic mechanism linking them to self-esteem, which is more modifiable, has rarely been examined. Therefore, this study examined the mediating roles of family, school, and peer social capital and the moderating role of gender in the association between adverse childhood experiences and adolescent self-esteem. METHODS This study involved a cross-sectional survey of first- and second-grade students in the only high school in Wusu, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. Data were collected in May 2023. A sample of 2539 students (M = 16.84 years old; 55.65% female) was included. The measurement models of family, school, and peer social capital were constructed using confirmatory factor analysis. The mediating roles of the three types of social capital and the moderating role of gender were examined using mediation analysis and multiple-group analysis, respectively. RESULTS Family, school, and peer social capital significantly mediated the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and adolescent self-esteem, and family social capital played the strongest role. Gender significantly moderated the direct effect of adverse childhood experiences on self-esteem. The direct effect was significant only among girls. CONCLUSIONS This study underscores the protective role of social capital for self-esteem among adolescents in Northwestern China and similar areas with relatively limited social services. Comprehensive interventions promoting social capital, especially family social capital, should be conducted to enhance self-esteem among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Yan
- Center for Studies of Sociological Theory & Method, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
- Department of Social Work, School of Social Research, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyue Zhang
- Department of Sociology, School of Philosophy and Sociology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Nan Lu
- Center for Studies of Sociological Theory & Method, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
- Department of Social Work, School of Social Research, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
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8
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Yan J, Wen W, Song J, Liu A, Lorenzo-Blanco E, Shen Y, Zhang M, Kim SY. Understanding adjustment profiles among Mexican-origin adolescents over time: A focus on cultural risk and resilience factors. Child Dev 2024; 95:e305-e323. [PMID: 38818954 PMCID: PMC12080754 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.14119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
This study used a three-wave longitudinal dataset to: identify adjustment profiles of U.S. Mexican-origin adolescents based on their physical, academic, and psychosocial health adjustment; track adjustment profile changes throughout adolescence; and examine the associations between cultural stressors, family obligation, and adjustment profile membership over time. Participants were 604 Mexican-origin adolescents (54% female, Mage = 12.41, SD = 0.97) in Texas (Wave 1: 2012-2015; Wave 2: 2013-2016; Wave 3: 2017-2020). Three concurrent profiles (Well-adjusted, Moderate, and Poorly-adjusted) emerged at each wave, whereas three transition profiles (Improved, Stable well-adjusted, and Overall poorly-adjusted) were identified across three waves. The results suggest that cultural stressors pose risks for Mexican-origin adolescents' adjustment, and family obligation values play a protective role in these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Yan
- Psychology Department, Fordham University, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Wen Wen
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Jiaxiu Song
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Angelina Liu
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | | | - Yishan Shen
- Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas, USA
| | - Minyu Zhang
- Latino Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Su Yeong Kim
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
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Hatano K, Hihara S, Tsuzuki M, Nakama R, Sugimura K. Does Employment Status Matter for Emerging Adult Identity Development and Life Satisfaction? A Two-wave Longitudinal Study. J Youth Adolesc 2024; 53:2097-2107. [PMID: 38750311 PMCID: PMC11333549 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-01992-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Late emerging adulthood is pivotal for identity exploration and development and is interrelated with life satisfaction. In the development of identity and life satisfaction, it is important to have a stable employment status that supports the foundation of life. However, the interrelationships among identity, life satisfaction, and employment status in late emerging adulthood are unclear. Using a two-wave longitudinal survey, this study examined identity development and whether the relationship between identity and life satisfaction varies by employment status. Participants included 875 Japanese emerging adults (65.5% women, Mage = 24.74, SDage = 0.44). Multivariate analysis of variance showed that identity synthesis decreased for those who lost their jobs or those who changed from being full-time to part-time employment. Additionally, individuals with full-time employment had higher identity synthesis and lower confusion than those with part-time or no employment. Multi-group path analysis indicated that identity synthesis was positively associated with life satisfaction and confusion was negatively associated, and these relationships did not differ by employment status. These findings suggest that identity development in late emerging adulthood varies by employment status and that the association between identity and life satisfaction may not be moderated by employment status. Overall, this study contributes to elucidating the characteristics of identity development along employment status and its relationship to life satisfaction in late emerging adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Hatano
- Graduate School of Sustainable System Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Shogo Hihara
- Faculty of Business Administration, Matsuyama University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | | | - Reiko Nakama
- Graduate School of Education, Hyogo University of Teacher Education, Hyōgo, Japan
| | - Kazumi Sugimura
- Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan
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Thomson M, Cavelti M, Lerch S, Koenig J, Reichl C, Mürner-Lavanchy I, Wyssen A, Kaess M. Clinical profiles of adolescent personality pathology: a latent structure examination of the Semi-Structured Interview for Personality Functioning DSM-5 (STiP-5.1) in a help-seeking sample. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul 2024; 11:9. [PMID: 38589974 PMCID: PMC11003081 DOI: 10.1186/s40479-024-00252-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the introduction of dimensional conceptualisations of personality functioning in the latest classification systems, such as Criterion A of the Alternative Model of Personality Disorders in the DSM-5, heterogeneous clinical presentation of personality pathology remains a challenge. Relatedly, the latent structure of personality pathology as assessed by the Semi-Structured Interview for Personality Functioning DSM-5 (STiP-5.1) has not yet been comprehensively examined in adolescents. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the latent structure of the STiP-5.1, and, based on those findings, to describe any unique clinical profiles that might emerge. METHODS The final sample comprised 502 participants aged 11-18 years consecutively recruited from a specialised personality disorder outpatient service, as well as general day clinic and inpatient wards at the University Hospital University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bern, Switzerland. Participants were assessed using the STiP-5.1, as well as a battery of other psychological measures by clinical psychologists or trained doctoral students. Variations of Factor Analysis, Latent Class Analysis and Factor Mixture Models (FMM) were applied to the STiP-5.1 to determine the most appropriate structure. RESULTS The best fitting model was an FMM comprising four-classes and two factors (corresponding to self- and interpersonal-functioning). The classes differed in both overall severity of personality functioning impairment, and in their scores and clinical relevance on each element of the STiP-5.1. When compared to the overall sample, classes differed in their unique clinical presentation: class 1 had low impairment, class 2 had impairments primarily in self-functioning with high depressivity, class 3 had mixed levels of impairment with emerging problems in identity and empathy, and class 4 had severe overall personality functioning impairment. CONCLUSIONS A complex model incorporating both dimensional and categorical components most adequately describes the latent structure of the STiP-5.1 in our adolescent sample. We conclude that Criterion A provides clinically useful information beyond severity (as a dimensional continuum) alone, and that the hybrid model found for personality functioning in our sample warrants further attention. Findings can help to parse out clinical heterogeneity in personality pathology in adolescents, and help to inform early identification and intervention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelyn Thomson
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marialuisa Cavelti
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Lerch
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Julian Koenig
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Corinna Reichl
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ines Mürner-Lavanchy
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Wyssen
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michael Kaess
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Kaltiala R, Holttinen T, Tuisku K. Have the psychiatric needs of people seeking gender reassignment changed as their numbers increase? A register study in Finland. Eur Psychiatry 2023; 66:e93. [PMID: 37929300 PMCID: PMC10755572 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.2471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of people seeking gender reassignment (GR) has increased everywhere and these increases particularly concern adolescents and emerging adults with female sex. It is not known whether the psychiatric needs of this population have changed alongside the demographic changes. METHODS A register-based follow-up study of individuals who contacted the nationally centralized gender identity services (GIS) in Finland in 1996-2019 (gender dysphoria [GD] group, n = 3665), and 8:1 age and sex-matched population controls (n = 29,292). The year of contacting the GIS was categorized to 5-year intervals (index periods). Psychiatric needs were assessed by specialist-level psychiatric treatment contacts in the Finnish Care Register for Hospital Care in 1994-2019. RESULTS The GD group had received many times more specialist-level psychiatric treatment both before and after contacting specialized GIS than had their matched controls. A marked increase over time in psychiatric needs was observed. Among the GD group, relative risk for psychiatric needs after contacting GIS increased from 3.3 among those with the first appointment in GIS during 1996-2000 to 4.6 when the first appointment in GIS was in 2016-2019. When index period and psychiatric treatment before contacting GIS were accounted for, GR patients who had and who had not proceeded to medical GR had an equal risk compared to controls of needing subsequent psychiatric treatment. CONCLUSION Contacting specialized GIS is on the increase and occurs at ever younger ages and with more psychiatric needs. Manifold psychiatric needs persist regardless of medical GR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riittakerttu Kaltiala
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Vanha Vaasa Hospital, Vaasa, Finland
| | - Timo Holttinen
- Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Katinka Tuisku
- Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Sugimura K, Hihara S, Hatano K, Crocetti E. Adolescents' Identity Development Predicts the Transition and the Adjustment to Tertiary Education or Work. J Youth Adolesc 2023; 52:2344-2356. [PMID: 37561288 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01838-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Although identity development is crucial in individuals' psychological adjustment from adolescence to adulthood, little is known about its impact in the transition to tertiary education or work. This study examined whether identity development during high school predicts career choices and adjustment (i.e., engagement) and maladjustment (i.e., burnout) after graduation. A total of 357 Japanese adolescents participated throughout the 3-year period of vocational high school (Mage = 15.75; 62.75% girls). A follow-up assessment, at 18 months after the school-to-tertiary education or school-to-work transitions, was conducted. Higher identity synthesis during high school years predicted entry into tertiary education, while higher identity confusion predicted transition to work. Furthermore, higher identity synthesis during the high school years predicted higher post-graduation academic engagement, and higher levels of identity confusion predicted higher levels of post-graduation academic or work burnout. Overall, this study contributes to the understanding of the role of identity development in adolescence as a valuable asset for predicting the transition and the adjustment to tertiary education or work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumi Sugimura
- Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-1-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8524, Japan.
| | - Shogo Hihara
- Faculty of Business Administration, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8578, Japan
| | - Kai Hatano
- Graduate School of Sustainable System Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Elisabetta Crocetti
- Department of Psychology, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 5, Cesena, FC, 47521, Italy
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Sugimura K, Hihara S, Hatano K, Nakama R, Saiga S, Tsuzuki M. Profiles of Emotional Separation and Parental Trust from Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood: Age Differences and Associations with Identity and Life Satisfaction. J Youth Adolesc 2023; 52:475-489. [PMID: 36525106 PMCID: PMC9884255 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-022-01716-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Youth become psychologically independent by emotionally separating from their parents and simultaneously developing a sense of trust in them. While these relational components have been addressed separately, studies focusing on the change in dynamics of these components are lacking. This study examined profiles of parent-youth relationship quality based on emotional separation and parental trust, age differences in the prevalence of these profiles, and age differences in the associations between the profiles, identity, and life satisfaction. Participants included 14,428 youth living in Japan from five age groups (44.8% girls/women; Mage = 20.6 years; range = 12-25 years). Six profiles were identified: healthy-independent, unhealthy-independent, balanced, moderate/ambivalent, connected, and distant. The connected profile was predominant among early adolescents, while the healthy-independent profile was predominant among late adolescents and early and middle emerging adults. Among all age groups, identity synthesis was the highest in the healthy-independent profile, and life satisfaction was the highest and identity confusion was the lowest in the healthy-independent and connected profiles. These findings indicate that young people navigate the process of becoming independent from their parents by balancing emotional separation and parental trust, and this balance relates to identity development and life satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumi Sugimura
- Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-1-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8524, Japan.
| | - Shogo Hihara
- Faculty of Business Administration, Matsuyama University, 4-2 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8578, Japan
| | - Kai Hatano
- Graduate School of Sustainable System Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8531, Japan
| | - Reiko Nakama
- Graduate School of Education, Hyogo University of Teacher Education, 942-1 Shimokume, Kato, Hyogo, 673-1494, Japan
| | - Satoko Saiga
- Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-1-1 Kagamiyama, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8524, Japan
| | - Manabu Tsuzuki
- Faculty of Letters, Chuo University, 742-1 Higashinakano, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0393, Japan
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14
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Samaey C, Lecei A, Achterhof R, Hagemann N, Hermans KSFM, Hiekkaranta AP, Kirtley OJ, Reininghaus U, Boets B, Myin-Germeys I, van Winkel R. The role of identity in the development of depressive, anxiety, and psychosis symptoms in adolescents exposed to childhood adversity. J Adolesc 2023. [PMID: 36737250 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Childhood adversity is a major risk factor for psychiatric disorders and has especially been associated with an admixture of depressive, anxiety, and psychosis symptoms. Identity formation, a main developmental task during adolescence, may be impacted by these adverse experiences and act as an important process in the association between childhood adversity and psychopathology. METHODS We investigated the association between childhood adversity, identity formation, and depressive, anxiety, and psychosis symptoms cross-sectionally in 1913 Flemish adolescents between 11 and 20 years old (mean = 13.76, SD = 1.86). Adolescents completed questionnaires during the first wave of the SIGMA study between January 2018 and May 2019. RESULTS Childhood interpersonal adversity was associated with increased identity confusion and decreased identity synthesis. Additionally, identity confusion was associated with increased self-reported levels of psychopathology and potentially mediated the association between childhood adversity and psychopathology. CONCLUSION This study highlights the importance of promoting healthy identity formation in adolescents with and without exposure to adverse childhood experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Samaey
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Psychiatry, Center for Clinical Psychiatry, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Aleksandra Lecei
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Psychiatry, Center for Clinical Psychiatry, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Robin Achterhof
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Psychiatry, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Noëmi Hagemann
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Psychiatry, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karlijn S F M Hermans
- Strategy and Academic Affairs, Administration and Central Services, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anu P Hiekkaranta
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Psychiatry, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Olivia J Kirtley
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Psychiatry, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ulrich Reininghaus
- Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.,ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health and Social Epidemiology Research Group, King's College London, London, London, UK
| | - Bart Boets
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Psychiatry, Center for Developmental Psychiatry, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven, Leuven Autism Research (LAuRes), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Inez Myin-Germeys
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Psychiatry, Center for Contextual Psychiatry, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ruud van Winkel
- KU Leuven, Department of Neurosciences, Research Group Psychiatry, Center for Clinical Psychiatry, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven, University Psychiatric Center (UPC), Leuven, Belgium
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15
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Bogaerts A, Claes L, Raymaekers K, Buelens T, Bastiaens T, Luyckx K. Trajectories of adaptive and disturbed identity dimensions in adolescence: developmental associations with self-esteem, resilience, symptoms of depression, and borderline personality disorder features. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1125812. [PMID: 37168080 PMCID: PMC10165116 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1125812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
To advance our understanding of adolescents' identity formation and how it may play into their psychological functioning, this study investigated developmental trajectory classes of adaptive and disturbed dimensions of identity formation, and whether adolescents belonging to different trajectory classes develop differently on self-esteem, resilience, symptoms of depression, and borderline personality disorder (BPD) features. Three-wave longitudinal data from 2,123 Flemish adolescents was used (54.2% girls; Mage = 14.64, range = 12-18 at T1). Results pointed to four trajectory classes of identity formation: adaptive identity, identity progression, identity regression, and diffused identity. The adaptive identity class presented with stable high levels of self-esteem and resilience, and stable low levels of symptoms of depression and BPD, whereas opposite results were obtained for the diffused identity class. The identity progression class reported an increase in self-esteem and resilience as well as a decrease in symptoms of depression and BPD, whereas opposite results were obtained for the identity regression class. These results emphasize that adaptive and disturbed dimensions of identity formation are closely related to markers of well-being and psychopathology among adolescents, and could help identify adolescents with an increased risk for negative psychological functioning or increased opportunity for positive psychological functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel Bogaerts
- Department of Clinical Developmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Annabel Bogaerts,
| | - Laurence Claes
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Koen Raymaekers
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tinne Buelens
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tim Bastiaens
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- University Psychiatric Centre, KU Leuven, Kortenberg, Belgium
| | - Koen Luyckx
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- UNIBS, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
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Bergold S, Hufer-Thamm A, Abad Borger K, Luhmann M, Steinmayr R. Does intelligence predict development of investment traits from mid to late adolescence? Evidence from a 3-year longitudinal study. J Adolesc 2022; 95:553-565. [PMID: 36575834 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Investment theories have claimed reciprocal relations between intelligence and investment traits (i.e., personality traits related to seeking out, and dealing with, cognitive challenges). However, previous research has primarily addressed the effects of investment traits on intellectual development (environmental enrichment hypothesis) and often focused on either childhood or later adulthood. The present study investigated the effects of intelligence on investment traits (environmental success hypothesis) from mid to late adolescence. METHOD In a 3-year longitudinal survey (2008-2011) covering four measurement occasions, the predictive effects of both fluid and crystallized intelligence on intraindividual change in both the achievement motive (i.e., hope for success and fear of failure) and need for cognition were examined. Overall, 476 adolescents (t1 : Mage = 16.43, SD = 0.55; 51.3% girls) from Germany participated. RESULTS Second-order latent growth models indicated that fluid intelligence predicted a steeper growth in hope for success (β = .40), but was unrelated to change in the other investment traits. Crystallized intelligence had no effects on the investment traits under study. CONCLUSIONS The results contribute to the research on the bidirectionality of intelligence and investment traits and add to our understanding of personality development from mid to late adolescence. Specifically, they underline the importance of nurturing hope for success especially in individuals with lower intelligence, but also show that support for the environmental success hypothesis seems to be limited to certain investment traits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anke Hufer-Thamm
- Department of Psychology, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | | | - Maike Luhmann
- Department of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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Browne R, Jarjoura GR, Keller TE, Tanyu M, Herrera C, Schwartz SEO. Mentoring and depressive symptoms of youth: Examining prospective and interactive associations with mentoring relationship quality. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 70:291-304. [PMID: 35703571 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A significant body of research has demonstrated that mentoring relationships support positive youth development. The quality of the mentoring relationship has been identified as a predictor of positive youth outcomes. However, limited research has examined how engagement in a mentoring program may be related to youth depressive symptoms specifically. The current study utilized a sample of 2003 youth participating in mentoring programs across the country (Mage = 12.32, SD = 1.42, 55.1% female) from diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds (39.1% Black, 23.6% White, 22.1% Hispanic, 3.3% Native American or Alaskan Native, .4% Asian or Pacific Islander, 1.8% other, and 9.7% Multi-Ethnic) to investigate associations between youth depressive symptoms and mentoring relationship quality. Results revealed that: (1) mean depressive symptoms decreased after participation in a mentoring program; (2) several, but not all, relationship quality indicators predicted change in depressive symptoms; (3) baseline levels of depressive symptoms negatively predicted indicators of relationship quality; and (4) associations between several relationship quality indicators and follow-up depressive symptoms differed by baseline levels of depressive symptoms. These findings highlight the potential benefits of mentoring programs to youth and the need to provide mentors with support around building relationships with youth, especially those experiencing depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Browne
- Department of Psychology, Suffolk University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Thomas E Keller
- School of Social Work, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Manolya Tanyu
- American Institute for Research, San Mateo, California, USA
| | - Carla Herrera
- Herrera Consulting Group, LLC, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Sarah E O Schwartz
- Department of Psychology, Suffolk University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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18
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Exploring Implicit Bias Toward LGBTQIA+ People: A Faculty Development Experience. TEACHING AND LEARNING IN NURSING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.teln.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Yuan W, Xu T, Liu M, Hu B. Vocational Identity Status in Chinese Emerging Adults with and without Hearing Impairment: Latent Profiles and Relationships with Self-Esteem and Subjective Well-Being. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14473. [PMID: 36361348 PMCID: PMC9654180 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to (1) explore the configuration of vocational identity status among emerging adults with and without hearing impairment using latent profile analysis, and (2) investigate the relationships between vocational identity status and self-esteem and subjective well-being. In total, 408 students without disabilities and 432 with hearing impairments from two Chinese higher institutions participated in the study. The Vocational Identity Status Assessment, Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale, and Positive and Negative Affect were used to assess the major variables. The results derived five latent profiles (achieved, foreclosed, searching moratorium, undifferentiated, and diffused) of vocational identity in the present sample. The students were over-represented in undifferentiated profiles and under-represented in achieved and foreclosed ones. Hearing impairment significantly affected vocational identity status profile membership. The results showed that emerging adults with achievement and foreclosure statuses displayed healthy psychological outcomes, having the highest self-esteem, life satisfaction, and positive affect, and the lowest negative affect. In contrast, the diffused group showed the most disturbing pattern with the lowest self-esteem, life satisfaction, and positive affect, and the highest negative affect. The research findings reveal some notable issues in vocational identity status for emerging Chinese adults, raising concerns about the influence of hearing impairment on vocational identity formation, and provide implications for Chinese society to facilitate college students' career development process to promote their vocational identity status and enhance their self-esteem and subjective well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yuan
- School of Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Tianxi Xu
- School of Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Meimei Liu
- School of Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Biying Hu
- Faculty of Education, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
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20
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Michałek-Kwiecień J. The Mentoring Relationship with the Closest Grandparent and Identity Processes Among Emerging Adult Grandchildren in Poland: The Role of Perceived Grandparents’ Perspective Taking. JOURNAL OF ADULT DEVELOPMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10804-022-09429-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe aim of the current study was to examine the mentoring relationship with the closest grandparent, considering perceived grandparent’s perspective taking, and identity processes among Polish emerging adult grandchildren. A total of 424 emerging adults (41.3% male) aged 18–25 completed self-assessment measures. The structural equation modeling analysis revealed positive associations between perception of mentoring relationships with the closest grandparent (mostly grandmother), their perspective taking, and emerging adults’ identity synthesis. The results indicated no significant gender differences in the hypothesized model. To sum up, relationships with grandparents may be perceived as important in promoting coherent identity development among emerging adults.
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Zhang X, Li C, Ma W. The Direct and Indirect Effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Depressive Symptoms and Self-esteem of Children: Does Gender Make a Difference? Int J Ment Health Addict 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11469-022-00871-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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22
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The Validation of a Five-Item Screening Scale for Personality Disorders in Dutch-Speaking Community Adolescents and Adults. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-022-09951-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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