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Li R, Yan X, Zhong W, Zheng J, Li X, Liang J, Hu Z, Liu H, Chen G, Yang Y, Zhang J, Qu E, Liu W. Stratifin promotes the malignant progression of HCC via binding and hyperactivating AKT signaling. Cancer Lett 2024; 592:216761. [PMID: 38490326 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly aggressive malignant tumor with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. In this study, we reveal the pivotal role of Stratifin (SFN), also recognized as 14-3-3σ, in driving HCC progression. Our investigation underscores a substantial upregulation of SFN within HCC tissues, manifesting a significant association with worse prognostic outcomes among HCC patients. In vitro and in vivo experiments reveal that SFN overexpression significantly amplifies proliferation, mitigates sorafenib-induced effects on HCC cells, and enhances tumorigenesis. While SFN silencing exerts converse effects on HCC progression. Additionally, we unveil a critical interaction between SFN and AKT, where SFN boosts AKT kinase activity by disrupting the binding of PHLPP2 and AKT, thereby intensifying the malignant progression of HCC cells. In conclusion, this study identifies the oncogenic role of SFN and elucidates the regulatory mechanism of the SFN/AKT axis in HCC, which may provide valuable insights into the mechanisms of HCC progression and potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, 510630, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation Medicine, Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xijing Yan
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Wenhui Zhong
- Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Jun Zheng
- Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Xuejiao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Jinliang Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Zhongying Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Huanyi Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Guihua Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, 510630, China; Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation Medicine, Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510630, China; Department of Hepatic Surgery and Liver Transplantation Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | - Jianwei Zhang
- Department of Pancreatic and Gastric Surgery, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Enze Qu
- Department of Ultrasound, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, Guangzhou, 510630, China; Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Transplantation Medicine, Organ Transplantation Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
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Lin D, Chen Z, Zeng Y, Ding Y, Zhao L, Xu Q, Yu F, Song X, Zhu X. A pyroptosis-related gene signature provides an alternative for predicting the prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Med Genomics 2023; 16:2. [PMID: 36611208 PMCID: PMC9826587 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-023-01431-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) is a common malignant neoplasm with limited treatment options and poor outcomes. Thus, there is an urgent need to find sensitive biomarkers for HCC. METHODS Gene expression and clinicopathological information were obtained from public databases, based on which a pyroptosis-related gene signature was constructed by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression. The applicability of the signature was evaluated via Kaplan-Meier curve and time-dependent ROC curve. TIMER, QUANTISEQ, MCPCOUNTER, EPIC, CIBERSORT, ssGSEA, and ESTIMATE were employed to assess the immune status. Comparisons between groups were analyzed with Wilcoxon test. Pearson and Spearman correlation analyses were adopted for linear correlation analysis. Genetic knockdown was conducted using siRNA transfection and the mRNA expression levels of interest genes were measured using quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Finally, protein levels in 10 paired tumor tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues from HCC patients were measured using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS A pyroptosis-related gene signature was established successfully to calculate independent prognostic risk scores. It was found that survival outcomes varied significantly between different risk groups. In addition, an attenuated antitumor immune response was found in the high-risk group. Meanwhile, multiple immune checkpoints were up-regulated in high-risk score patients. Cell cycle-related genes, angiogenesis-related genes and tumor drug resistance genes were also markedly elevated. Knockdown of prognostic genes in the signature significantly inhibited the expression of immune checkpoint genes and angiogenesis-related genes. Besides, each prognostic gene was expressed at a higher level in HCC tissues than in adjacent normal tissues. CONCLUSIONS We successfully established a novel pyroptosis-related gene signature which could help predict the overall survival and assess the immune status of HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezhao Lin
- grid.478150.f0000 0004 1771 6371Department of Surgical Oncology, Wenzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhuoyan Chen
- grid.414906.e0000 0004 1808 0918Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zeng
- grid.414906.e0000 0004 1808 0918Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinrong Ding
- grid.414906.e0000 0004 1808 0918Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Luying Zhao
- grid.414906.e0000 0004 1808 0918Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Xu
- grid.414906.e0000 0004 1808 0918Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Fujun Yu
- grid.414906.e0000 0004 1808 0918Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Xian Song
- grid.414906.e0000 0004 1808 0918Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Zhu
- grid.414906.e0000 0004 1808 0918Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Nanbaixiang, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
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Interactions between 14-3-3 Proteins and Actin Cytoskeleton and Its Regulation by microRNAs and Long Non-Coding RNAs in Cancer. ENDOCRINES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/endocrines3040057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
14-3-3s are a family of structurally similar proteins that bind to phosphoserine or phosphothreonine residues, forming the central signaling hub that coordinates or integrates various cellular functions, thereby controlling many pathways important in cancer, cell motility, cell death, cytoskeletal remodeling, neuro-degenerative disorders and many more. Their targets are present in all cellular compartments, and when they bind to proteins they alter their subcellular localization, stability, and molecular interactions with other proteins. Changes in environmental conditions that result in altered homeostasis trigger the interaction between 14-3-3 and other proteins to retrieve or rescue homeostasis. In circumstances where these regulatory proteins are dysregulated, it leads to pathological conditions. Therefore, deeper understanding is needed on how 14-3-3 proteins bind, and how these proteins are regulated or modified. This will help to detect disease in early stages or design inhibitors to block certain pathways. Recently, more research has been devoted to identifying the role of MicroRNAs, and long non-coding RNAs, which play an important role in regulating gene expression. Although there are many reviews on the role of 14-3-3 proteins in cancer, they do not provide a holistic view of the changes in the cell, which is the focus of this review. The unique feature of the review is that it not only focuses on how the 14-3-3 subunits associate and dissociate with their binding and regulatory proteins, but also includes the role of micro-RNAs and long non-coding RNAs and how they regulate 14-3-3 isoforms. The highlight of the review is that it focuses on the role of 14-3-3, actin, actin binding proteins and Rho GTPases in cancer, and how this complex is important for cell migration and invasion. Finally, the reader is provided with super-resolution high-clarity images of each subunit of the 14-3-3 protein family, further depicting their distribution in HeLa cells to illustrate their interactions in a cancer cell.
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Barbosa-Silva A, Magalhães M, da Silva GF, da Silva FAB, Carneiro FRG, Carels N. A Data Science Approach for the Identification of Molecular Signatures of Aggressive Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2325. [PMID: 35565454 PMCID: PMC9103663 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The main hallmarks of cancer include sustaining proliferative signaling and resisting cell death. We analyzed the genes of the WNT pathway and seven cross-linked pathways that may explain the differences in aggressiveness among cancer types. We divided six cancer types (liver, lung, stomach, kidney, prostate, and thyroid) into classes of high (H) and low (L) aggressiveness considering the TCGA data, and their correlations between Shannon entropy and 5-year overall survival (OS). Then, we used principal component analysis (PCA), a random forest classifier (RFC), and protein-protein interactions (PPI) to find the genes that correlated with aggressiveness. Using PCA, we found GRB2, CTNNB1, SKP1, CSNK2A1, PRKDC, HDAC1, YWHAZ, YWHAB, and PSMD2. Except for PSMD2, the RFC analysis showed a different list, which was CAD, PSMD14, APH1A, PSMD2, SHC1, TMEFF2, PSMD11, H2AFZ, PSMB5, and NOTCH1. Both methods use different algorithmic approaches and have different purposes, which explains the discrepancy between the two gene lists. The key genes of aggressiveness found by PCA were those that maximized the separation of H and L classes according to its third component, which represented 19% of the total variance. By contrast, RFC classified whether the RNA-seq of a tumor sample was of the H or L type. Interestingly, PPIs showed that the genes of PCA and RFC lists were connected neighbors in the PPI signaling network of WNT and cross-linked pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Barbosa-Silva
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Centre for Translational Bioinformatics, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E14NS, UK
- ITTM S.A.—Information Technology for Translational Medicine, Esch-sur-Alzette, 4354 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Milena Magalhães
- Plataforma de Modelagem de Sistemas Biológicos, Center for Technology Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040900, Brazil; (M.M.); (G.F.d.S.)
| | - Gilberto Ferreira da Silva
- Plataforma de Modelagem de Sistemas Biológicos, Center for Technology Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040900, Brazil; (M.M.); (G.F.d.S.)
| | - Fabricio Alves Barbosa da Silva
- Laboratório de Modelagem Computacional de Sistemas Biológicos, Scientific Computing Program, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040900, Brazil;
| | - Flávia Raquel Gonçalves Carneiro
- Center for Technology Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040900, Brazil
- Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040900, Brazil
- Program of Immunology and Tumor Biology, Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro 20231050, Brazil
| | - Nicolas Carels
- Plataforma de Modelagem de Sistemas Biológicos, Center for Technology Development in Health (CDTS), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro 21040900, Brazil; (M.M.); (G.F.d.S.)
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LncRNA PTPRG-AS1 Promotes the Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Enhancing YWHAG. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2021; 2021:3624306. [PMID: 34876904 PMCID: PMC8645374 DOI: 10.1155/2021/3624306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors. LncRNA PTPRG-AS1 (PTPRG-AS1) has been confirmed to function as a regulator in various cancers, whose function during HCC tumorigenesis is still not clear now. Thus, we aim to dig out the biological function and its mechanisms of PTPRG-AS1 in HCC. Methods PTPRG-AS1 relative expression in tissues and cells was detected and analyzed using real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). Subcellular distribution of PTPRG-AS1 was examined by FISH experiments. The effects of PTPRG-AS1 in the growth of HCC were studied by in vitro CCK-8 experiments, transwell invasion experiments, and in vivo xenograft tumor experiments. Dual-Luciferase reporter assay was performed to verify the interaction between PTPRG-AS1 and miR-199a-3p or miR-199a-3p and its target gene, YWHAG. Results PTPRG-AS1 was upregulated in HCC tissues compared with adjacent normal tissues. We identified PTPRG-AS1 mainly localized in the cytoplasm of HCC cells. Downregulation of PTPRG-AS1 suppressed HCC progression, while overexpression of PTPRG-AS1 showed the opposite effects. Furthermore, PTPRG-AS1 served as a miR-199a-3p sponge and positively regulated YWHAG expression. Besides, PTPRG-AS1 could promote HCC through miR-199a-3p/YWHAG axis. Conclusions Taken together, we demonstrated PTPRG-AS1 may serve as a ceRNA and reversely regulates the expression of miR-199a-3p, thus facilitating HCC tumorigenesis and metastasis, which is expected to provide new clues for the treatment of HCC.
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Flitcroft JG, Verheyen J, Vemulkar T, Welbourne EN, Rossi SH, Welsh SJ, Cowburn RP, Stewart GD. Early detection of kidney cancer using urinary proteins: a truly non-invasive strategy. BJU Int 2021; 129:290-303. [PMID: 34570419 DOI: 10.1111/bju.15601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To review urinary protein biomarkers as potential non-invasive, easily obtainable, early diagnostic tools in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). METHODS A PubMed database search was performed up to the year 2020 to identify primary studies reporting potential urinary protein biomarkers for RCC. Separate searches were conducted to identify studies describing appropriate methods of developing cancer screening programmes and detection of cancer biomarkers. RESULTS Several urinary protein biomarkers are under validation for RCC diagnostics, e.g. aquaporin-1, perilipin-2, carbonic anhydrase-9, Raf-kinase inhibitory protein, nuclear matrix protein-22, 14-3-3 Protein β/α and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin. However, none has yet been validated or approved for clinical use due to low sensitivity or specificity, inconsistencies in appropriate study design, or lack of external validation. CONCLUSIONS Evaluation of biomarkers' feasibility, sample preparation and storage, biomarker validation, and the application of novel technologies may provide a solution that maximises the potential for a truly non-invasive biomarker in early RCC diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan G Flitcroft
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jeroen Verheyen
- Department of Surgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tarun Vemulkar
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emma N Welbourne
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sabrina H Rossi
- Department of Surgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sarah J Welsh
- Department of Surgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Russell P Cowburn
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Grant D Stewart
- Department of Surgery, Addenbrookes Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Lu YJ, Wu YJ, Chen LJ, Ko BS, Chang TC, Wu YJ, Liang SM, Jan YJ, Liou JY. Reduced Expression of Metallothionein-I/II in Renal Proximal Tubules Is Associated with Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13080568. [PMID: 34437439 PMCID: PMC8402552 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13080568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a commonly occurring complex renal syndrome that causes overall mortality in many diseases. The clinical manifestations of CKD include renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis and loss of renal function. Metallothionein-I/II (MT-I/II) is potentially expressed in the liver and kidney, and possesses antioxidant and metal detoxification properties. However, whether MT-I/II expression is associated with the prognosis of nephropathy remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the MT-I/II level in human CKD, using immunohistochemistry. MT-I/II is located on the proximal tubules and is notably reduced in patients with CKD. MT-I/II expression was significantly correlated with the functional and histological grades of CKD. In an aristolochic acid (AAI)-induced nephropathy mouse model, MT-I/II was abundantly increased after AAI injection for 7 days, but decreased subsequently compared to that induced in the acute phase when injected with AAI for 28 days. Furthermore, we found that ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC) restored AAI-induced MT-I/II reduction in HK2 cells. The injection of PDTC ameliorated AAI-induced renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis and reduced the concentrations of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine in mouse sera. Taken together, our results indicate that MT-I/II reduction is associated with advanced CKD, and the retention of renal MT-I/II is a potential therapeutic strategy for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jhu Lu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 350, Taiwan; (Y.-J.L.); (T.-C.C.); (Y.-J.W.); (S.-M.L.)
| | - Ya-Ju Wu
- Department of Pathology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan 736, Taiwan;
| | - Lu-Jen Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan; (L.C.-J.); (Y.-J.J.)
| | - Bor-Sheng Ko
- Department of Hematological Oncology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei 106, Taiwan;
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ching Chang
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 350, Taiwan; (Y.-J.L.); (T.-C.C.); (Y.-J.W.); (S.-M.L.)
| | - Yi-Ju Wu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 350, Taiwan; (Y.-J.L.); (T.-C.C.); (Y.-J.W.); (S.-M.L.)
| | - Shu-Man Liang
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 350, Taiwan; (Y.-J.L.); (T.-C.C.); (Y.-J.W.); (S.-M.L.)
| | - Yee-Jee Jan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan; (L.C.-J.); (Y.-J.J.)
| | - Jun-Yang Liou
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 350, Taiwan; (Y.-J.L.); (T.-C.C.); (Y.-J.W.); (S.-M.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-37-246166 (ext. 38309)
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Hua Y, Wang H, Wang H, Wu X, Yang L, Wang C, Li X, Jin Y, Li M, Wang L, Dong C, Yin F. Circular RNA Circ_0006282 Promotes Cell Proliferation and Metastasis in Gastric Cancer by Regulating MicroRNA-144-5p/Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/Tryptophan 5-Monooxygenase Activation Protein β Axis. Cancer Manag Res 2021; 13:815-827. [PMID: 33536789 PMCID: PMC7850404 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s283952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of non-coding RNAs which function as novel regulators in human cancers. In this study, we aimed to investigate the functional roles and related molecular mechanisms of circ_0006282 in gastric cancer (GC) progression. Methods Fifty-five GC patients were enrolled in this study. GC cells (AGS and HGC-27) and normal cells (GES-1) were cultured in RPMI1640 added with 10% FBS and 1% penicillin-streptomycin. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay was used to determine the expression levels of circ_0006282, transcription elongation factor B subunit 1 (TCEB1) mRNA, miR-144-5p and tyrosine 3-monooxygenase/tryptophan 5-monooxygenase activation protein β (YWHAB; also known as 14-3-3β). RNase R assay was used to determine the characteristic of circ_0006282. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and colony formation assay were employed for cell proliferation. Transwell assay was conducted for cell migration and invasion. Western blot assay was carried out to measure the protein levels of Cyclin D1, matrix metalloprotein 9 (MMP9) and YWHAB. Dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA pull-down assay and RIP assay were adopted to analyze the interaction between miR-144-5p and circ_0006282 or YWHAB. Murine xenograft model assay was performed to explore the function of circ_0006282 in vivo. Results Circ_0006282 level was increased in GC tissues and cells compared to normal tissues and cells. Silencing of circ_0006282 restrained GC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. For mechanism analysis, circ_0006282 was identified to function as the sponge for miR-144-5p to positively regulate YWHAB expression in GC cells. Moreover, miR-144-5p inhibition or YWHAB overexpression effectively reversed the impacts of circ_0006282 knockdown on GC cell growth and motility. Additionally, circ_0006282 knockdown blocked tumor growth of GC in vivo. Conclusion Circ_0006282 facilitated the malignant behaviors of GC cells through circ_0006282/miR-144-5p/YWHAB axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunqi Hua
- Department of Digestive Oncology, Baotou Cancer Hospital, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Department of Digestive Minimally Invasive Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Haizhen Wang
- Center of Digestive Endoscopy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangming Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The Fourth Hospital of Baotou, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenlin Wang
- Department of Digestive Oncology, Baotou Cancer Hospital, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Xi Li
- Department of Digestive Oncology, Baotou Cancer Hospital, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunjian Jin
- Department of Digestive Oncology, Baotou Cancer Hospital, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Digestive Oncology, Baotou Cancer Hospital, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Digestive Oncology, Baotou Cancer Hospital, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Changcheng Dong
- Department of General Surgery, Inner Mongolia Baogang Hospital, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangrui Yin
- Department of Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, People's Republic of China
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Song J, Liu Y, Liu F, Zhang L, Li G, Yuan C, Yu C, Lu X, Liu Q, Chen X, Liang H, Ding Z, Zhang B. The 14-3-3σ protein promotes HCC anoikis resistance by inhibiting EGFR degradation and thereby activating the EGFR-dependent ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Theranostics 2021; 11:996-1015. [PMID: 33391517 PMCID: PMC7738881 DOI: 10.7150/thno.51646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance to anoikis, cell death due to matrix detachment, is acquired during tumor progression. The 14-3-3σ protein is implicated in the development of chemo- and radiation resistance, indicating a poor prognosis in multiple human cancers. However, its function in anoikis resistance and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is currently unknown. Methods: Protein expression levels of 14-3-3σ were measured in paired HCC and normal tissue samples using western blot and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the clinical correlation between 14-3-3σ expression, clinicopathological features, and overall survival. Artificial modulation of 14-3-3σ (downregulation and overexpression) was performed to explore the role of 14-3-3σ in HCC anoikis resistance and tumor metastasis in vitro and in vivo. Association of 14-3-3σ with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was assayed by co-immunoprecipitation. Effects of ectopic 14-3-3σ expression or knockdown on EGFR signaling, ligand-induced EGFR degradation and ubiquitination were examined using immunoblotting and co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence staining, and flow cytometry analysis. The levels of EGFR ubiquitination, the interaction between EGFR and 14-3-3σ, and the association of EGFR with c-Cbl after EGF stimulation, in 14-3-3σ overexpressing or knockdown cells were examined to elucidate the mechanism by which 14-3-3σ inhibits EGFR degradation. Using gain-of-function or loss-of-function strategies, we further investigated the role of the EGFR signaling pathway and its downstream target machinery in 14-3-3σ-mediated anoikis resistance of HCC cells. Results: We demonstrated that 14-3-3σ was upregulated in HCC tissues, whereby its overexpression was correlated with aggressive clinicopathological features and a poor prognosis. In vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that 14-3-3σ promoted anoikis resistance and metastasis of HCC cells. Mechanistically, we show that 14-3-3σ can interact with EGFR and significantly inhibit EGF-induced degradation of EGFR, stabilizing the activated receptor, and therefore prolong the activation of EGFR signaling. We demonstrated that 14-3-3σ downregulated ligand-induced EGFR degradation by inhibiting EGFR-c-Cbl association and subsequent c-Cbl-mediated EGFR ubiquitination. We further verified that activation of the ERK1/2 pathway was responsible for 14-3-3σ-mediated anoikis resistance of HCC cells. Moreover, EGFR inactivation could reverse the 14-3-3σ-mediated effects on ERK1/2 phosphorylation and anoikis resistance. Expression of 14-3-3σ and EGFR were found to be positively correlated in human HCC tissues. Conclusions: Our results indicate that 14-3-3σ plays a pivotal role in the anoikis resistance and metastasis of HCC cells, presumably by inhibiting EGFR degradation and regulating the activation of the EGFR-dependent ERK1/2 pathway. To our best knowledge, this is the first report of the role of 14-3-3σ in the anoikis resistance of HCC cells, offering new research directions for the treatment of metastatic cancer by targeting 14-3-3σ.
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10
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Zhang X, Zhang Q, Zhang K, Wang F, Qiao X, Cui J. Circ SMARCA5 Inhibited Tumor Metastasis by Interacting with SND1 and Downregulating the YWHAB Gene in Cervical Cancer. Cell Transplant 2021; 30:963689720983786. [PMID: 33588586 PMCID: PMC7894587 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720983786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is one of the diseases that seriously endanger women's health. Circular RNA plays an important role in regulating the occurrence and development of cervical cancer. Here, we investigated the mechanisms of circ SMARCA5 in the development of cervical cancer. Quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) results showed that the expression of SMARCA5 was downregulated in cervical cancer tissues and cell lines. Then we found that overexpression of SMARCA5 inhibited proliferation and invasion, but promoted apoptosis in cervical cancer cells. These were detected by Cell Counting Kit-8, Transwell, and Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide detection kit, respectively, and the expression of the apoptosis-related proteins was determined by western blotting. Then we predicted that SMARCA5 combined with Staphylococcal nuclease domain-containing 1 (SND1) by starBase, and verified by RNA pull-down assay. To further reveal the molecular mechanisms of SMARCA5 in the progression of cervical cancer, the interaction protein of SND1 was predicted by STRING, and the interaction was verified by co-immunoprecipitation assay. Then, the effects of SND1 or YWHAB on the development of cervical cancer were detected by the gain and loss function test, and we found that knockdown of SND1 or YWHAB reversed the effects of SMARCA5 short interfering RNA on proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis of cervical cancer cells. Overexpression of SMARCA5 inhibited cervical cancer metastasis in vivo. Our results showed that overexpression of circ SMARCA5 inhibits the binding of SND1 to YWHAB, and inhibits the proliferation and invasion, but promotes apoptosis in cervical cancer cells, thus inhibiting the metastasis of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiaogai Qiao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province, China
| | - Jinquan Cui
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province, China
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11
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Parajón E, Surcel A, Robinson DN. The mechanobiome: a goldmine for cancer therapeutics. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 320:C306-C323. [PMID: 33175572 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00409.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer progression is dependent on heightened mechanical adaptation, both for the cells' ability to change shape and to interact with varying mechanical environments. This type of adaptation is dependent on mechanoresponsive proteins that sense and respond to mechanical stress, as well as their regulators. Mechanoresponsive proteins are part of the mechanobiome, which is the larger network that constitutes the cell's mechanical systems that are also highly integrated with many other cellular systems, such as gene expression, metabolism, and signaling. Despite the altered expression patterns of key mechanobiome proteins across many different cancer types, pharmaceutical targeting of these proteins has been overlooked. Here, we review the biochemistry of key mechanoresponsive proteins, specifically nonmuscle myosin II, α-actinins, and filamins, as well as the partnering proteins 14-3-3 and CLP36. We also examined a wide range of data sets to assess how gene and protein expression levels of these proteins are altered across many different cancer types. Finally, we determined the potential of targeting these proteins to mitigate invasion or metastasis and suggest that the mechanobiome is a goldmine of opportunity for anticancer drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleana Parajón
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alexandra Surcel
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Douglas N Robinson
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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12
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Endo H, Inoue I, Masunaka K, Tanaka M, Yano M. Curcumin induces apoptosis in lung cancer cells by 14-3-3 protein-mediated activation of Bad. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2020; 84:2440-2447. [PMID: 32841581 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2020.1808443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The anticancer effects of curcumin are based on the induction of apoptosis, but the specific mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated. To address this issue, we investigated the effects of curcumin on the intrinsic apoptosis pathway using mitochondria from A549 cells. Curcumin decreased the levels of 14-3-3 proteins, key molecules that inhibit the activation of proapoptotic factors known as BH3-only proteins (e.g. Bad). Curcumin-induced suppression of 14-3-3 protein levels was associated with reduced cytosolic Bad and elevation of mitochondrial Bad, leading to a drop in the mitochondrial membrane potential. 14-3-3 proteins generally interact with Bad phosphorylated by AKT, thus preventing its translocation to the mitochondria where it can promote cell death. Curcumin not only decreased the expression of 14-3-3 proteins but also promoted Bad dephosphorylation in an AKT-dependent fashion. Our results provide novel evidence for the induction of apoptosis by curcumin at multiple stages of the mitochondrial cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Endo
- Department of Nutrition, School of Human Cultures, The University of Shiga Prefecture , Hikone, Shiga 522-8533,Japan
| | - Izumi Inoue
- Department of Nutrition, School of Human Cultures, The University of Shiga Prefecture , Hikone, Shiga 522-8533,Japan
| | - Kimiko Masunaka
- Department of Nutrition, School of Human Cultures, The University of Shiga Prefecture , Hikone, Shiga 522-8533,Japan
| | - Masaya Tanaka
- Department of Nutrition, School of Human Cultures, The University of Shiga Prefecture , Hikone, Shiga 522-8533,Japan
| | - Mihiro Yano
- Department of Nutrition, School of Human Cultures, The University of Shiga Prefecture , Hikone, Shiga 522-8533,Japan
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13
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Expression of Nik-related kinase in smooth muscle cells attenuates vascular inflammation and intimal hyperplasia. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:7511-7533. [PMID: 32330120 PMCID: PMC7202544 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation of the vascular microenvironment modulates distinct types of vascular cells, and plays important roles in promoting atherosclerosis, stenosis/restenosis, and vascular-related diseases. Nik-related kinase (Nrk), a member of the Ste20-type kinase family, has been reported to be selectively expressed in embryonic skeletal muscle. However, whether Nrk is expressed in adult vascular smooth muscle, and if it influences intimal hyperplasia is unclear. Here, we found that Nrk is abundantly expressed in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and mouse arterial intima. Treatment of mouse VSMCs with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or platelet-derived growth factor significantly reduced Nrk expression. In addition, expression of Nrk was significantly reduced in regions of neointimal formation caused by guide-wire carotid artery injuries in mice, as well as in human atherosclerotic tissues, when compared to normal vessels. We identified that expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP3, MMP8 and MMP12) and inflammatory cytokines/chemokines (CCL6, CCL8, CCL11, CXCL1, CXCL3, CXCL5 and CXCL9) are synergistically induced by Nrk siRNA in LPS-treated mouse VSMCs. Moreover, we found that resveratrol significantly impaired LPS- and Nrk siRNA-induced expression of MMP3, CCL8, CCL11, CXCL3 and CXCL5. These results suggested that Nrk may play important roles in regulating pathological progression of atherosclerosis or neointimal- hyperplasia-related vascular diseases.
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14
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Xu C, Du Z, Ren S, Liang X, Li H. MiR-129-5p sensitization of lung cancer cells to etoposide-induced apoptosis by reducing YWHAB. J Cancer 2020; 11:858-866. [PMID: 31949489 PMCID: PMC6959023 DOI: 10.7150/jca.35410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Lung cancer is the most common cause of death from cancer worldwide and recent studies have revealed that microRNAs play critical roles to regulate lung carcinogenesis. microRNA-129-5p (miR-129-5p) has been reported to regulate cell proliferation and invasion in lung cancer, but its role in lung cancer apoptosis remains unknown. Methods: The expression of miR-129-5p and YWHAB in lung cancer tissues were analyzed from data downloaded from the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Luciferase reporter assay, Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to determine the regulatory effect of miR-129-5p on YWHAB. Cell apoptosis was detected by using the PI/Annexin V Cell Apoptosis Kit. The effect of miR-129-5p and YWHAB on the survival of lung cancer patients was also explored. Results: In this study, by combining the data derived from six GEO database, our results showed that miR-129-5p was downregulated in lung cancer tissues and YWHAB was upregulated in lung cancer patient' serum. A significant negative correlation between miR-129-5p and YWHAB was found in lung cancer tissues. Both the expression of YWHAB and miR-129-5p were associated significantly with prognosis (overall survival) in patients with lung cancer. Overexpression of miR-129-5p promotes VP16-induced lung cancer cell apoptosis and YWHAB was shown to be a direct downstream target of miR-129-5p. Conclusion: Overexpression of expression miR-129-5p contributes to etoposide-induced lung cancer apoptosis by modulating YWHAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengshan Xu
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of GeriatricMedicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongli Du
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of GeriatricMedicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Simei Ren
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of GeriatricMedicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoshuan Liang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Huihui Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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15
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Li C, Li Z, Zhang M. Low Expression of 14-3-3beta Is Associated With Adverse Survival of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Patients. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:237. [PMID: 31737636 PMCID: PMC6831549 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the most common type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in the world, is highly heterogeneous. Although current therapies have improved the clinical outcome, 30-40% of the patients are still not cured. Thus, novel treatment options such as targeted therapy is urgently needed. Accumulating evidence suggests that 14-3-3beta protein plays an important role in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. However, the specific roles of 14-3-3beta in DLBCL are still poorly understood. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed 120 archived wax blocks obtained from patients with DLBCL (n = 70) and non-neoplastic lymph nodes (n = 50). Immunohistochemical staining showed that 14-3-3beta gene expression was significantly decreased in DLBCL tissues (P < 0.001) compared to that in non-neoplastic lymph nodes. Low 14-3-3beta expression was significantly correlated with extra-nodal status (P = 0.026), serum LDH level (P = 0.023) and adverse survival of DLBCL patients. In survival analyses, low 14-3-3beta expression was significantly associated with adverse overall survival of the DLBCL patients (P = 0.003). Using the Kaplan-Meier analysis module of the R2 microarray analysis and visualization platform (http://r2.amc.nl), we also confirmed that low expression of 14-3-3beta gene had inferior overall survival in DLBCL patients. Based on our results, we conclude that low expression of 14-3-3beta is associated with adverse survival of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma patients, suggesting a novel prognostic marker and potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoping Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Medical Science of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhaoming Li
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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16
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Kallergi G, Tsintari V, Sfakianakis S, Bei E, Lagoudaki E, Koutsopoulos A, Zacharopoulou N, Alkahtani S, Alarifi S, Stournaras C, Zervakis M, Georgoulias V. The prognostic value of JUNB-positive CTCs in metastatic breast cancer: from bioinformatics to phenotypic characterization. Breast Cancer Res 2019; 21:86. [PMID: 31370904 PMCID: PMC6676640 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-019-1166-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are important for metastatic dissemination of cancer. They can provide useful information, regarding biological features and tumor heterogeneity; however, their detection and characterization are difficult due to their limited number in the bloodstream and their mesenchymal characteristics. Therefore, new biomarkers are needed to address these questions. Methods Bioinformatics functional enrichment analysis revealed a subgroup of 24 genes, potentially overexpressed in CTCs. Among these genes, the chemokine receptor CXCR4 plays a central role. After prioritization according to the CXCR4 corresponding pathways, five molecules (JUNB, YWHAB, TYROBP, NFYA, and PRDX1) were selected for further analysis in biological samples. The SKBR3, MDA-MB231, and MCF7 cell lines, as well as PBMCs from normal (n = 10) blood donors, were used as controls to define the expression pattern of all the examined molecules. Consequently, 100 previously untreated metastatic breast cancer (mBC) patients (n = 100) were analyzed using the following combinations of antibodies: CK (cytokeratin)/CXCR4/JUNB, CK/NFYA/ΥWHΑΒ (14-3-3), and CK/TYROBP/PRDX1. A threshold value for every molecule was considered the mean expression in normal PBMCs. Results Quantification of CXCR4 revealed overexpression of the receptor in SKBR3 and in CTCs, following the subsequent scale (SKBR3>CTCs>Hela>MCF7>MDA-MB231). JUNB was also overexpressed in CTCs (SKBR3>CTCs>MCF7>MDA-MB231>Hela). According to the defined threshold for each molecule, CXCR4-positive CTCs were identified in 90% of the patients with detectable tumor cells in their blood. In addition, 65%, 75%, 14.3%, and 12.5% of the patients harbored JUNB-, TYROBP-, NFYA-, and PRDX-positive CTCs, respectively. Conversely, none of the patients revealed YWHAB-positive CTCs. Interestingly, JUNB expression in CTCs was phenotypically and statistically enhanced compared to patients’ blood cells (p = 0.002) providing a possible new biomarker for CTCs. Furthermore, the detection of JUNB-positive CTCs in patients was associated with poorer PFS (p = 0.015) and OS (p = 0.002). Moreover, JUNB staining of 11 primary and 4 metastatic tumors from the same cohort of patients revealed a dramatic increase of JUNB expression in metastasis. Conclusions CXCR4, JUNB, and TYROBP were overexpressed in CTCs, but only the expression of JUNB was associated with poor prognosis, providing a new biomarker and a potential therapeutic target for the elimination of CTCs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13058-019-1166-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galatea Kallergi
- Laboratory of Τumor Cell Βiology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece. .,Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece. .,Hellenic Oncology Research Group (HORG), Athens, Greece.
| | - Vasileia Tsintari
- Department of Oncology, Hematology, Rheumatology, Immunology and Pulmology, University Hospital, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stelios Sfakianakis
- Computational BioMedicine Laboratory, Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Ekaterini Bei
- Digital Image and Signal Processing Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Chania, Greece
| | - Eleni Lagoudaki
- Department of Pathology, University General Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Nefeli Zacharopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Saad Alkahtani
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.,Department of Zoology, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud Alarifi
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece.,Department of Zoology, Science College, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Christos Stournaras
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical School, University of Crete, Voutes, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Michalis Zervakis
- Digital Image and Signal Processing Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Chania, Greece
| | - Vassilis Georgoulias
- Laboratory of Τumor Cell Βiology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece.,Hellenic Oncology Research Group (HORG), Athens, Greece
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17
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Wu YJ, Ko BS, Liang SM, Lu YJ, Jan YJ, Jiang SS, Shyue SK, Chen L, Liou JY. ZNF479 downregulates metallothionein-1 expression by regulating ASH2L and DNMT1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:408. [PMID: 31138789 PMCID: PMC6538656 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1651-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Decreased expression of metallothionein-1 (MT-1) is associated with a poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we found that MT-1 expression was suppressed by 14-3-3ε, and MT-1 overexpression abolished 14-3-3ε-induced cell proliferation and tumor growth. We identified that 14-3-3ε induced expression of ZNF479, a novel potential transcriptional regulator by gene expression profiling and ZNF479 contributed to 14-3-3ε-suppressed MT-1 expression. ZNF479 induced the expression of DNMT1, UHRF1, and mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) complex proteins (ASH2L and Menin), and increased tri-methylated histone H3 (H3K4me3) levels, but suppressed H3K4 (H3K4me2) di-methylation. ZNF479-suppressed MT-1 expression was restored by silencing of ASH2L and DNMT1. Furthermore, ZNF479 expression was higher in HCC tissues than that in the non-cancerous tissues. Expression analyses revealed a positive correlation between the expression of ZNF479 and DNMT1, UHRF1, ASH2L, and Menin, and an inverse correlation with that of ZNF479, ASH2L, Menin, and MT-1 isoforms. Moreover, correlations between the expression of ZNF479 and its downstream factors were more pronounced in HCC patients with hepatitis B. Here, we found that ZNF479 regulates MT-1 expression by modulating ASH2L in HCC. Approaches that target ZNF479/MLL complex/MT-1 or related epigenetic regulatory factors are potential therapeutic strategies for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ju Wu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 350, Zhunan, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, 300, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Sheng Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, 100, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Man Liang
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 350, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jhu Lu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 350, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yee-Jee Jan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, 407, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Sheng Jiang
- National Institute of Cancer Research, National Health Research Institutes, 350, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Song-Kun Shyue
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 115, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Linyi Chen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, 300, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Yang Liou
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 350, Zhunan, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, 404, Taichung, Taiwan.
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18
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Hiraoka E, Mimae T, Ito M, Kadoya T, Miyata Y, Ito A, Okada M. Breast cancer cell motility is promoted by 14-3-3γ. Breast Cancer 2019; 26:581-593. [PMID: 30830684 DOI: 10.1007/s12282-019-00957-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pseudopodia are actin-rich ventral protrusions associated with cell motility and cancer cell invasion. We previously applied our established method of using excimer laser cell etching to isolate pseudopodial proteins from MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. We later identified 14-3-3γ as an oncogenic molecule among 46 candidate proteins that are specific to pseudopodia. The present study aimed to determine the function of 14-3-3γ in the motility of breast cancer cells. METHODS MDA-MB-231 cells were cultured on 3-µm porous membranes and double stained to localize 14-3-3γ and phalloidin in pseudopodia using confocal imaging. We assessed pseudopodia numbers and length, as well as migration and wound healing in MDA-MB-231 cells with knockdown and forced expression of 14-3-3γ to determine 14-3-3γ involvement in cell motility. We also immunohistochemically analyzed 14-3-3γ in human breast cancer tissues with high-grade lymphatic invasion. RESULTS We specifically located 14-3-3γ in pseudopodia of MDA-MB-231 cells. Knockdown and forced expression of 14-3-3γ, respectively, decreased and increased pseudopodial formation and elongation. Migration and wound healing assays also showed that 14-3-3γ knockdown and forced expression, respectively, decreased and increased the number of underside cells and acellular areas in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. More 14-3-3γ was expressed in sites of lymphatic invasion, than in the center and periphery of human breast cancer tissues. CONCLUSION The role of 14-3-3γ in breast cancer invasiveness might be to promote cell motility. Inhibition of 14-3-3γ could, therefore, become a novel target of therapy to prevent invasion and metastasis in patients with breast cancers expressing 14-3-3γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiko Hiraoka
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Division of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Mimae
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Division of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masaoki Ito
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Division of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kadoya
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Division of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyata
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Division of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Akihiko Ito
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Kinki University, Higashiōsaka, Japan
| | - Morihito Okada
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Division of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, Japan
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19
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Paracrine regulation of matrix metalloproteinases contributes to cancer cell invasion by hepatocellular carcinoma-secreted 14-3-3σ. Oncotarget 2018; 7:36988-36999. [PMID: 27175590 PMCID: PMC5095053 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
14-3-3σ overexpression results in enhanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell migration and HCC tumor vascular-invasion is significantly associated with 14-3-3σ expression. However, increased expression of 14-3-3σ paradoxically suppresses in vitro cell invasion of HCC. We hypothesize that surrounding tumor-associated stromal cells play a crucial role in 14-3-3σ-regulated HCC cell invasion. In this study, H68 fibroblasts, THP-1 and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-treated THP-1 (PMA-THP-1) cells were incubated with conditioned media of control (control-CM) and 14-3-3σ-overepxressing cells (14-3-3σ-CM), followed by co-culture with HCC cells. Invasiveness of HCC cells was examined by a Boyden chamber assay. HCC cells co-cultured with 14-3-3σ-CM treated cells significantly enhanced their invasive ability compared with control-CM treated cells. Moreover, incubation with 14-3-3σ-CM induced differential expression profiles of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in fibroblasts (MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, MMP-12 and MMP-14), THP-1 (MMP-1 and MMP-12) and PMA-THP-1 cells (MMP-2, MMP-12 and MMP-14). In contrast, silencing of 14-3-3σ by siRNA significantly abolished 14-3-3σ-CM induced MMPs. In addition, treatment with recombinant 14-3-3σ (r14-3-3σ) protein exhibits a similar expression profile of MMPs induced by 14-3-3σ-CM in fibroblasts, THP-1 and PMA-THP-1 cells. Finally, knockdown of aminopeptidase N (APN) significantly abrogated r14-3-3σ induced expression of MMPs in HS68 fibroblasts. These results suggest that HCC-secreted 14-3-3σ promotes expression of MMPs in cancerous surrounding cells via an APN dependent mechanism. 14-3-3σ has a paracrine effect in educating stromal cells in tumor-associated microenvironment.
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20
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Wu Q, Zhu J, Liu F, Liu J, Li M. Downregulation of 14-3-3β inhibits proliferation and migration in osteosarcoma cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:2493-2500. [PMID: 29207109 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.8144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The 14-3-3 protein isoform β (14‑3‑3β), which is an intracellular adaptor protein that exists in all eukaryotic organisms, is highly expressed in many cancer tissues, including glioma, lung carcinoma and breast cancer. However, 14‑3‑3β expression and function in osteosarcoma progression remain unknown. In the present study, the endogenous expression of 14‑3‑3β was assessed in osteosarcoma samples and the effect of 14‑3‑3β knockdown was examined in human osteosarcoma MG63 cells using small interfering RNA (siRNA). mRNA and protein expression levels for 14‑3‑3β were detected by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase reaction and western blotting, respectively. The results demonstrated that endogenous 14‑3‑3β mRNA and protein were highly expressed in human osteosarcoma tissues and osteosarcoma cell lines (U2OS, MG63 and SaOs‑2), but not in normal bone tissues or normal osteoblast hFOB1.19 cells. These data suggested that increased expression of 14‑3‑3β may be significantly associated with the development and progression of osteosarcoma. Therefore, the effect of 14‑3‑3β knockdown in MG63 cells was further examined in vitro. Knockdown of 14‑3‑3β by siRNA significantly decreased cell viability, and inhibited cell proliferation and invasion. In addition, 14‑3‑3β knockdown significantly decreased the protein expression levels of β‑catenin, cyclin D1, v‑myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog and matrix metallopeptidase 9 in osteosarcoma MG63 cells. These results suggested that the anticancer effects of 14‑3‑3β knockdown in MG63 cells might be mediated by the inhibition of the Wnt/β‑catenin signaling pathway. In summary, 14‑3‑3β knockdown decreased proliferation and invasion in MG63 cells, which suggests a potential therapeutic application for 14‑3‑3β as a novel target for the treatment of osteosarcoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanming Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Fan Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Jin Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
| | - Mingpeng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, P.R. China
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21
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Tang Y, Liu S, Li N, Guo W, Shi J, Yu H, Zhang L, Wang K, Liu S, Cheng S. 14-3-3ζ promotes hepatocellular carcinoma venous metastasis by modulating hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. Oncotarget 2017; 7:15854-67. [PMID: 26910835 PMCID: PMC4941282 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) is a type of intrahepatic metastasis arising from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is highly correlated with a poor prognosis. Hypoxia is common in solider tumors, including HCC, where it alters the behavior of HCC cells. We asked whether and how hypoxia contributes to PVTT formation. We demonstrated that increased intratumoral hypoxia is strongly associated with PVTT formation in HCC. We also showed that 14-3-3ζ is induced by hypoxia in HCC cells and correlates with PVTT formation in clinical HCC samples. In addition, 14-3-3ζ up-regulates HIF-1α expression by recruiting HDAC4, which prevents HIF-1α acetylation, thereby stabilizing the protein. Under hypoxic conditions in vitro, 14-3-3ζ knockdown inhibits hypoxia-induced HCC invasion by the HIF-1α/EMT pathway. Blockade of 14-3-3ζ in HCC cells reduces PVTT formation and distant lung metastasis in vivo. Moreover, a combination of 14-3-3ζ and HIF-1α expression is more prognostic for HCC patients than either protein alone. These results suggest that the hypoxia/14-3-3ζ/HIF-1α pathway plays an important role in PVTT formation and HCC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufu Tang
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Liaoning 110016, China
| | - Shupeng Liu
- Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Nan Li
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Weixing Guo
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jie Shi
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Hongming Yu
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shangrong Liu
- Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Shuqun Cheng
- Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
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22
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Lin H, Jiao X, Yu B, Du J, Xu H, Dong A, Wan C. Clinical significance of serum 14-3-3 beta in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Cancer Biomark 2017; 20:143-150. [PMID: 28869445 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-160533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Central Hospital of Linyi, Yishui, Shandong, China
| | - Xuelong Jiao
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Benxia Yu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jiangdong Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Central Hospital of Linyi, Yishui, Shandong, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yantaiyuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - HaiYan Xu
- Department of Hemopurification Center, Yantaiyuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Aiping Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, People’s Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Chunsheng Wan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yantaiyuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
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23
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Cystatin C deficiency suppresses tumor growth in a breast cancer model through decreased proliferation of tumor cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:73793-73809. [PMID: 29088746 PMCID: PMC5650301 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cysteine cathepsins are proteases that, in addition to their important physiological functions, have been associated with multiple pathologies, including cancer. Cystatin C (CstC) is a major endogenous inhibitor that regulates the extracellular activity of cysteine cathepsins. We investigated the role of cystatin C in mammary cancer using CstC knockout mice and a mouse model of breast cancer induced by expression of the polyoma middle T oncoprotein (PyMT) in the mammary epithelium. We showed that the ablation of CstC reduced the rate of mammary tumor growth. Notably, a decrease in the proliferation of CstC knockout PyMT tumor cells was demonstrated ex vivo and in vitro, indicating a role for this protease inhibitor in signaling pathways that control cell proliferation. An increase in phosphorylated p-38 was observed in CstC knockout tumors, suggesting a novel function for cystatin C in cancer development, independent of the TGF-β pathway. Moreover, proteomic analysis of the CstC wild-type and knockout PyMT primary cell secretomes revealed a decrease in the levels of 14-3-3 proteins in the secretome of knock-out cells, suggesting a novel link between cysteine cathepsins, cystatin C and 14-3-3 proteins in tumorigenesis, calling for further investigations.
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24
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Kaneko S, Matsumoto K, Minamida S, Hirayama T, Fujita T, Kodera Y, Iwamura M. Incremental Expression of 14-3-3 Protein Beta/Alpha in Urine Correlates with Advanced Stage and Poor Survival in Patients with Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 17:1399-404. [PMID: 27039779 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2016.17.3.1399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the urinary levels of 14-3-3 protein beta/alpha to evaluate their diagnostic significance with regard to clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and angiomyolipoma (AML). Urine samples from 91 patients with ccRCC, 16 patients with AML and 24 healthy volunteers were assessed. We used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to quantify 14-3-3 protein beta/alpha levels in urine. Values were higher in patients with ccRCC than in those with AML and in healthy volunteers. High levels were associated with pathologic stage, lymph node status, distant metastasis and poor survival. Urinary levels of 14-3-3 protein beta/alpha were significantly increased in patients with small-sized carcinoma, irrespective of being less than 4.0 cm and 2.0 cm, compared with levels in patients with AML. This study is the first to report that increased expression of 14-3- 3 protein beta/alpha in urine is associated with advanced stage and poor survival in patients with ccRCC. In addition, urinary 14-3-3 protein beta/alpha may differentiate AML from RCC, even when small sized. These results suggest that examination of urinary 14-3-3 protein beta/alpha could serve as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in patients with ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Kaneko
- Department of Urology, Kitasato University School of Science, Sagamihara, Japan E-mail :
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25
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Shen J, Jiang F, Yang Y, Huang G, Pu F, Liu Q, Chen L, Ju L, Lu M, Zhou F, Zhang C, Luo X, Yang X, Jiao C, Li X, Li Z, Li Y, Zhang J. 14-3-3η is a novel growth-promoting and angiogenic factor in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Hepatol 2016; 65:953-962. [PMID: 27210426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide. The continued search for novel therapeutic strategies for HCC is urgently required. In this study, we aimed to investigate the functions and clinical significance of 14-3-3η protein in HCC. METHODS Expressions of genes and proteins were determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. Their functions were assessed by endothelial cell recruitment, tube formation, wound healing, flow cytometry, immunostaining, immunoprecipitation, and xenograft assay. A tissue microarray followed by univariate and multivariate analyses was performed to indicate the clinical significance. RESULTS In HCC specimens, overexpression of 14-3-3η was observed not only in tumors but also in intratumoral vessels. In HCC and vascular endothelial cells, 14-3-3η stimulated proliferation and angiogenesis, but attenuated the functions of sorafenib. Briefly, 14-3-3η facilitated the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase1/2 (ERK1/2). Then, by binding to the phosphorylated-ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2), formed a functional positive feed-back loop. A xenograft model showed that, blockage of either 14-3-3η or ERK1/2 inhibited the tumor growth. Finally, tissue microarray analyses showed that overexpression of 14-3-3η, either in tumors or intratumoral vessels, contributed to the poor survival. CONCLUSIONS The 14-3-3η-ERK1/2 feedback loop played a characteristic growth-promoting role in HCC, not only in tumors but also in intratumoral vessels. Further, 14-3-3η could be a potential therapeutic target for HCC and a biomarker for predicting sorafenib treatment response. LAY SUMMARY Here we found that, 14-3-3η protein exhibited a characteristic growth-promoting effect in both tumor and intratumoral vessels of hepatocellular carcinoma by interacting with ERK1/2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Fei Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Ye Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Guangming Huang
- Department of Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Fuxing Pu
- Department of Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Qinqiang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Lijun Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Liang Ju
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Fei Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Xiagang Luo
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Chengyu Jiao
- Department of Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangcheng Li
- Department of Liver Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, China.
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China.
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26
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Liu TA, Jan YJ, Ko BS, Wu YJ, Lu YJ, Liang SM, Liu CC, Chen SC, Wang J, Shyue SK, Liou JY. Regulation of aldo-keto-reductase family 1 B10 by 14-3-3ε and their prognostic impact of hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:38967-82. [PMID: 26516929 PMCID: PMC4770750 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
14-3-3ε is overexpressed in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and its expression significantly associates with a poor prognostic outcome. To uncover how 14-3-3ε contributes to the tumor progression of HCC, we investigated the potential downstream targets regulated by 14-3-3ε. We found that 14-3-3ε increases expression and nuclear translocation of β-catenin and that 14-3-3ε-induced cell proliferation is attenuated by β-catenin silencing in HCC cells. Moreover, 14-3-3ε induces aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10 (AKR1B10) expression through the activation of β-catenin signaling. Knockdown of AKR1B10 by siRNAs abolished 14-3-3ε-induced in vitro cell proliferation, anchorage-independent growth as well as in vivo tumor growth. Furthermore, AKR1B10 silencing increased retinoic acid (RA) levels in the serum of tumor-bearing mice and RA treatment attenuated 14-3-3ε-induced HCC cell proliferation. We further examined 14-3-3ε and AKR1B10 expression and clinicopathological characteristics of HCC tumors. Although the expression of AKR1B10 was significantly correlated with 14-3-3ε, an increase of AKR1B10 expression in 14-3-3ε positive patients paradoxically had better overall survival and disease-free survival rates as well as lower metastatic incidence than those without an AKR1B10 increase. Finally, we found a loss of AKR1B10 expression in cells exhibiting a high capacity of invasiveness. Silencing of AKR1B10 resulted in inducing snail and vimentin expression in HCC cells. These results indicate that AKR1B10 may play a dual role during HCC tumor progression. Our results also indicate that 14-3-3ε regulates AKR1B10 expression by activating β-catenin signaling. A combination of 14-3-3ε with AKR1B10 is a potential therapeutic target and novel prognostic biomarker of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-An Liu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 350, Taiwan
| | - Yee-Jee Jan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Sheng Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Wu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 350, Taiwan.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jhu Lu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 350, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Man Liang
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 350, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chia Liu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 350, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Chang Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - John Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Song-Kun Shyue
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Yang Liou
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 350, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
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27
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Tang Y, Lv P, Sun Z, Han L, Zhou W. 14-3-3β Promotes Migration and Invasion of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells by Modulating Expression of MMP2 and MMP9 through PI3K/Akt/NF-κB Pathway. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146070. [PMID: 26730736 PMCID: PMC4711775 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
14-3-3β has been demonstrated to possess the oncogenic potential, and its increased expression has been detected in multiple types of carcinomas. However, majority of previous studies focused on the role of 14-3-3β in tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis, leaving much to be elucidated about its function in tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate the role of 14-3-3β in the invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells and the implications in the prognosis of HCC patients. We first examined the expression of 14-3-3β in the primary tumors of HCC patients with or without portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT), and found that 14-3-3β expression was higher in the primary tumors with PVTT, and the level was even higher in the PVTTs. Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariate analysis revealed that high expression of 14-3-3β was associated with overall survival (OS) and time to recurrence (TTR) of HCC patients. In addition, ectopic expression of 14-3-3β in HCC cell lines led to enhanced migration ability and invasiveness, as well as up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9, which could be suppressed by inhibiting the activation of Akt and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling. Furthermore, we identified a correlated elevation of 14-3-3β and p-Akt in the primary tumors of HCC patients, and showed that a combinatory detection of 14-3-3β and p-Akt could better predict post-surgical outcome of HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufu Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
- Post-doctoral Station, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Lv
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhongyi Sun
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Han
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenping Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China
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28
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Chen J, Ge L, Liu A, Yuan Y, Ye J, Zhong J, Liu L, Chen X. Identification of pathways related to FAF1/H. pylori-associated gastric carcinogenesis through an integrated approach based on iTRAQ quantification and literature review. J Proteomics 2016; 131:163-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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29
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Wu YJ, Jan YJ, Ko BS, Liang SM, Liou JY. Involvement of 14-3-3 Proteins in Regulating Tumor Progression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2015; 7:1022-36. [PMID: 26083935 PMCID: PMC4491697 DOI: 10.3390/cancers7020822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There are seven mammalian isoforms of the 14-3-3 protein, which regulate multiple cellular functions via interactions with phosphorylated partners. Increased expression of 14-3-3 proteins contributes to tumor progression of various malignancies. Several isoforms of 14-3-3 are overexpressed and associate with higher metastatic risks and poorer survival rates of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). 14-3-3β and 14-3-3ζ regulate HCC cell proliferation, tumor growth and chemosensitivity via modulating mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 signal pathways. Moreover, 14-3-3ε suppresses E-cadherin and induces focal adhesion kinase (FAK) expression, thereby enhancing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and HCC cell migration. 14-3-3ζ forms complexes with αB-crystallin, which induces EMT and is the cause of sorafenib resistance in HCC. Finally, a recent study has indicated that 14-3-3σ induces heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expression, which increases HCC cell migration. These results suggest that selective 14-3-3 isoforms contribute to cell proliferation, EMT and cell migration of HCC by regulating distinct targets and signal pathways. Targeting 14-3-3 proteins together with specific downstream effectors therefore has potential to be therapeutic and prognostic factors of HCC. In this article, we will overview 14-3-3’s regulation of its downstream factors and contributions to HCC EMT, cell migration and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ju Wu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan 350, Taiwan.
| | - Yee-Jee Jan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan.
| | - Bor-Sheng Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
| | - Shu-Man Liang
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan 350, Taiwan.
| | - Jun-Yang Liou
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Zhunan 350, Taiwan.
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30
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Jasinski-Bergner S, Stehle F, Gonschorek E, Kalich J, Schulz K, Huettelmaier S, Braun J, Seliger B. Identification of 14-3-3β gene as a novel miR-152 target using a proteome-based approach. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:31121-35. [PMID: 25228695 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.556290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies demonstrated that miR-152 overexpression down-regulates the nonclassical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecule HLA-G in human tumors thereby contributing to their immune surveillance. Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, the protein expression profile of HLA-G(+), miR-152(low) cells, and their miR-152-overexpressing (miR(high)) counterparts was compared leading to the identification of 24 differentially expressed proteins. These were categorized according to their function and localization demonstrating for most of them an important role in the initiation and progression of tumors. The novel miR-152 target 14-3-3 protein β/α/YWHAB (14-3-3β) is down-regulated upon miR-152 overexpression, although its overexpression was often found in tumors of distinct origin. The miR-152-mediated reduction of the 14-3-3β expression was accompanied by an up-regulation of BAX protein expression resulting in a pro-apoptotic phenotype. In contrast, the reconstitution of 14-3-3β expression in miR-152(high) cells increased the expression of the anti-apoptotic BCL2 gene, enhances the proliferative activity in the presence of the cytostatic drug paclitaxel, and causes resistance to apoptosis induced by this drug. By correlating clinical microarray data with the patients' outcome, a link between 14-3-3β and HLA-G expression was found, which could be associated with poor prognosis and overall survival of patients with tumors. Because miR-152 controls both the expression of 14-3-3β and HLA-G, it exerts a dual role in tumor cells by both altering the immunogenicity and the tumorigenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Jasinski-Bergner
- From the Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle and
| | - Franziska Stehle
- From the Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle and
| | - Evamaria Gonschorek
- From the Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle and
| | - Jana Kalich
- From the Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle and
| | - Kristin Schulz
- From the Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle and
| | - Stefan Huettelmaier
- the Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Juliane Braun
- the Institute of Molecular Medicine, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Barbara Seliger
- From the Institute of Medical Immunology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06112 Halle and
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31
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Liu CC, Jan YJ, Ko BS, Wu YM, Liang SM, Chen SC, Lee YM, Liu TA, Chang TC, Wang J, Shyue SK, Sung LY, Liou JY. 14-3-3σ induces heat shock protein 70 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:425. [PMID: 24923353 PMCID: PMC4061114 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background 14-3-3σ is implicated in promoting tumor development of various malignancies. However, the clinical relevance of 14-3-3σ in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumor progression and modulation and pathway elucidation remain unclear. Methods We investigated 14-3-3σ expression in 109 HCC tissues by immunohistochemistry. Overexpression and knockdown experiments were performed by transfection with cDNA or siRNA. Protein expression and cell migration were determined by Western blot and Boyden chamber assay. Results In this study, we found that 14-3-3σ is abundantly expressed in HCC tumors. Stable or transient overexpression of 14-3-3σ induces the expression of heat shock factor-1α (HSF-1α) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in HCC cells. Moreover, expression of 14-3-3σ significantly correlates with HSF-1α/HSP70 in HCC tumors and both 14-3-3σ and HSP70 overexpression are associated with micro-vascular thrombi in HCC patients, suggesting that 14-3-3σ/HSP70 expression is potentially involved in cell migration/invasion. Results of an in vitro migration assay indicate that 14-3-3σ promotes cell migration and that 14-3-3σ-induced cell migration is impaired by siRNA knockdown of HSP70. Finally, 14-3-3σ-induced HSF-1α/HSP70 expression is abolished by the knockdown of β-catenin or activation of GSK-3β. Conclusions Our findings indicate that 14-3-3σ participates in promoting HCC cell migration and tumor development via β-catenin/HSF-1α/HSP70 pathway regulation. Thus, 14-3-3σ alone or combined with HSP70 are potential prognostic biomarkers for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Li-Ying Sung
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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Liu M, Liu X, Ren P, Li J, Chai Y, Zheng SJ, Chen Y, Duan ZP, Li N, Zhang JY. A cancer-related protein 14-3-3ζ is a potential tumor-associated antigen in immunodiagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:4247-56. [PMID: 24390614 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1555-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is the conventional biomarker currently used in clinical diagnosis of this malignancy. However, AFP is not reliable for early diagnosis, and especially the sensitivity and specificity of AFP in HCC diagnosis are not optimal. Early detection of HCC is an important issue because of the very poor prognosis and usually no more than 6 months survival after diagnosis. Therefore, there is a need for the development of more sensitive and specific methods that can supplement AFP in the early detection of this cancer. In this study, autoantibody responses to 14-3-3ζ in HCC were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blot, and indirect immunofluorescence assay. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) with tissue array slides was also performed to analyze protein expression of 14-3-3ζ in HCC and control tissues. The prevalence of autoantibodies against 14-3-3ζ was 16.7% (28/168) in HCC, which was significantly higher than that in liver cirrhosis (LC), chronic hepatitis (CH), and normal human sera (NHS) (P < 0.01). The average titer of autoantibodies against 14-3-3ζ in HCC sera was higher compared to that in LC, CH, and NHS (P < 0.01). In the further study, anti-14-3-3ζ antibodies have been detected in the sera from several HCC patients with serial bleeding samples. A stronger reactive band with 14-3-3ζ in western blot can be seen in sera at 9 months before the clinical diagnosis of HCC. Our preliminary data indicate that anti-14-3-3ζ autoantibodies may be potential biomarkers for early-stage HCC screening and diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Liu
- Beijing You'an Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China,
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33
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Ko BS, Lu YJ, Yao WL, Liu TA, Tzean SS, Shen TL, Liou JY. Cordycepin regulates GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling in human leukemia cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76320. [PMID: 24086728 PMCID: PMC3784440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) are a limitless cell source for the initiation and maintenance of leukemia. Activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is required for the survival and development of LSCs. Therefore, targeting β-catenin is considered a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of leukemia. The goal of this study was to explore whether cordycepin, an active component of the traditional medicine Cordyceps sinensis, regulates β-catenin expression in leukemia cells. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In this study, we found that cordycepin significantly suppressed cell proliferation in all malignant cancer cells, including U937, K562, A549, HepG2, SK-Hep1 and MCF7 in a dose-dependent manner. However, cordycepin reduced β-catenin levels in U937, K562 and THP1 leukemia cells and had no effect on other solid cancer cells. In addition, treatment with cordycepin significantly suppressed leukemia colony formation in soft agar assay. Cordycepin enhanced proteasome-dependent degradation and inhibited nuclear translocation of β-catenin in leukemia cells. Cordycepin-reduced β-catenin stability was restored by the addition of a pharmacological inhibitor of GSK-3β, indicating that cordycepin-suppressed β-catenin stability is mediated by the activation of GSK-3β. Furthermore, cordycepin abolished the effect of Wnt3a-induced β-catenin in leukemia cells. In addition, cordycepin-impaired β-catenin is regulated by Akt activation but is not significantly influenced by AMPK or mTOR signal pathways. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings show for the first time that codycepin selectively reduces β-catenin stability in leukemia but not in other solid tumor cells. This suppressive effect is mediated by regulating GSK-3β. A synergistic combination of cordycepin with other treatments should be used as a novel strategy to eradicate leukemia via elimination of LSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bor-Sheng Ko
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jhu Lu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ling Yao
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-An Liu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Shean-Shong Tzean
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tang-Long Shen
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Yang Liou
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Liu TA, Jan YJ, Ko BS, Liang SM, Chen SC, Wang J, Hsu C, Wu YM, Liou JY. 14-3-3ε overexpression contributes to epithelial-mesenchymal transition of hepatocellular carcinoma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57968. [PMID: 23483955 PMCID: PMC3590290 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background 14-3-3ε is implicated in regulating tumor progression, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our earlier study indicated that elevated 14-3-3ε expression is significantly associated with higher risk of metastasis and lower survival rates of HCC patients. However, the molecular mechanisms of how 14-3-3ε regulates HCC tumor metastasis are still unclear. Methodology and Principal Findings In this study, we show that increased 14-3-3ε expression induces HCC cell migration and promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is determined by the reduction of E-cadherin expression and induction of N-cadherin and vimentin expression. Knockdown with specific siRNA abolished 14-3-3ε-induced cell migration and EMT. Furthermore, 14-3-3ε selectively induced Zeb-1 and Snail expression, and 14-3-3ε-induced cell migration was abrogated by Zeb-1 or Snail siRNA. In addition, the effect of 14-3-3ε-reduced E-cadherin was specifically restored by Zeb-1 siRNA. Positive 14-3-3ε expression was significantly correlated with negative E-cadherin expression, as determined by immunohistochemistry analysis in HCC tumors. Analysis of 14-3-3ε/E-cadherin expression associated with clinicopathological characteristics revealed that the combination of positive 14-3-3ε and negative E-cadherin expression is significantly correlated with higher incidence of HCC metastasis and poor 5-year overall survival. In contrast, patients with positive 14-3-3ε and positive E-cadherin expression had better prognostic outcomes than did those with negative E-cadherin expression. Significance Our findings show for the first time that E-cadherin is one of the downstream targets of 14-3-3ε in modulating HCC tumor progression. Thus, 14-3-3ε may act as an important regulator in modulating tumor metastasis by promoting EMT as well as cell migration, and it may serve as a novel prognostic biomarker or therapeutic target for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-An Liu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yee-Jee Jan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Sheng Ko
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Man Liang
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Chang Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - John Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chiun Hsu
- Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Ming Wu
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Yang Liou
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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35
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Expression of partitioning defective 3 (Par-3) for predicting extrahepatic metastasis and survival with hepatocellular carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:1684-97. [PMID: 23322019 PMCID: PMC3565341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14011684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Partitioning defective 3 (Par-3), a crucial component of partitioning-defective complex proteins, controls cell polarity and contributes to cell migration and cancer cell epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. However, the clinical relevance of Par-3 in tumor progression and metastasis has not been well elucidated. In this study, we investigated the impact and association of Par-3 expression and clinical outcomes with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We first confirmed that Par-3 was abundantly expressed in HCC cell lines by Western blot analysis. We used immunohistochemistry to analyze the association of Par-3 expression and clinicopathological characteristics in primary and subsequent metastatic tumors of patients with HCC. Par-3 was overexpressed in 47 of 111 (42.3%) primary tumors. Increased expression of Par-3 in primary tumors predicted an increased five-year cumulative incidence of extrahepatic metastasis. In addition, multivariate analysis revealed that Par-3 overexpression was an independent risk factor of extrahepatic metastasis. Increased Par-3 expression in primary tumors was associated with poor five-year overall survival rates and was an independent prognostic factor on Cox regression analysis. In conclusion, we show for the first time that increased Par-3 expression is associated with distant metastasis and poor survival rates in patients with HCC. Par-3 may be a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for HCC.
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