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Zhang X, King C, Dowell A, Moss P, Harper L, Chanouzas D, Ruan XZ, Salama AD. CD36 regulates macrophage and endothelial cell activation and multinucleate giant cell formation in anti neutrophil cytoplasm antibody vasculitis. Clin Immunol 2024; 260:109914. [PMID: 38286173 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2024.109914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate CD36 in ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV), a condition characterized by monocyte/macrophage activation and vascular damage. METHODS CD36 expression was assessed in AAV patients and healthy controls (HC). The impact of palmitic acid (PA) stimulation on multinucleate giant cell (MNGC) formation, macrophage, and endothelial cell activation, with or without CD36 knockdown, was examined. RESULTS CD36 was overexpressed on AAV patients' monocytes compared to HC, regardless of disease activity. AAV patients exhibited elevated soluble CD36 levels in serum and plasma and PR3-ANCA patients' monocytes demonstrated increased MNGC formation following PA stimulation compared to HC. PA stimulation of macrophages or endothelial cells resulted in heightened CD36 expression, cell activation, increased macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) production, and c-Myc expression, with attenuation upon CD36 knockdown. CONCLUSION CD36 participates in macrophage and endothelial cell activation and MNGC formation, features of AAV pathogenesis. AAV treatment may involve targeting CD36 or MIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhang
- UCL Centre for Kidney and Bladder Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Catherine King
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical & Dental Sciences University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alexander Dowell
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical & Dental Sciences University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paul Moss
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical & Dental Sciences University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lorraine Harper
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical & Dental Sciences University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Dimitrios Chanouzas
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical & Dental Sciences University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Xiong-Zhong Ruan
- UCL Centre for Kidney and Bladder Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - Alan David Salama
- UCL Centre for Kidney and Bladder Health, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.
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2
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Zhang H, Zhang X, Li H, Wang B, Chen P, Meng J. The roles of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in retinal diseases. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:309-315. [PMID: 37488883 PMCID: PMC10503606 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.379020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), a multifunctional cytokine, is secreted by various cells and participates in inflammatory reactions, including innate and adaptive immunity. There are some evidences that MIF is involved in many vitreoretinal diseases. For example, MIF can exacerbate many types of uveitis; measurements of MIF levels can be used to monitor the effectiveness of uveitis treatment. MIF also alleviates trauma-induced and glaucoma-induced optic nerve damage. Furthermore, MIF is critical for retinal/choroidal neovascularization, especially complex neovascularization. MIF exacerbates retinal degeneration; thus, anti-MIF therapy may help to mitigate retinal degeneration. MIF protects uveal melanoma from attacks by natural killer cells. The mechanism underlying the effects of MIF in these diseases has been demonstrated: it binds to cluster of differentiation 74, inhibits the c-Jun N-terminal kinase pathway, and triggers mitogen-activated protein kinases, extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2, and the phosphoinositide-3-kinase/Akt pathway. MIF also upregulates Toll-like receptor 4 and activates the nuclear factor kappa-B signaling pathway. This review focuses on the structure and function of MIF and its receptors, including the effects of MIF on uveal inflammation, retinal degeneration, optic neuropathy, retinal/choroidal neovascularization, and uveal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Zhang
- Shaanxi Institute of Ophthalmology, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xianjiao Zhang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hongsong Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Pei Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jiamin Meng
- Department of Ophthalmology, First Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
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Alali Z, Graham A, Swan K, Flyckt R, Falcone T, Cui W, Yang X, Christianson J, Nothnick WB. 60S acidic ribosomal protein P1 (RPLP1) is elevated in human endometriotic tissue and in a murine model of endometriosis and is essential for endometriotic epithelial cell survival in vitro. Mol Hum Reprod 2021; 26:53-64. [PMID: 31899515 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaz065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a female disease which is defined as the presence of ectopic endometrial tissue and is dependent on estrogen for its survival in these ectopic locations. Expression of the ribosomal protein large P1 (RPLP1) is associated with cell proliferation and invasion in several pathologies, but a role in the pathophysiology of endometriosis has not been explored. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the expression and function of RPLP1 with respect to endometriosis pathophysiology. RPLP1 protein was localised by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in eutopic and ectopic tissue from 28 subjects with confirmed endometriosis and from 20 women without signs or symptoms of the disease, while transcript levels were evaluated by qRT-PCR in 77 endometriotic lesions and 55 matched eutopic endometrial biopsies, and protein expression was evaluated using western blotting in 20 of these matched samples. To evaluate the mechanism for enhanced lesion expression of RPLP1, an experimental murine model of endometriosis was used and RPLP1 expression was localized using IHC. In vitro studies using an endometriosis cell line coupled with shRNA knockdown was used to demonstrate its role in cell survival. Expression of RPLP1 mRNA and protein were significantly higher in ectopic lesion tissue compared to paired eutopic endometrium and immunohistochemical localisation revealed predominant localisation to epithelial cells. This pattern of lesion RPLP1 was recapitulated in mice with experimentally induced endometriosis. Stable knockdown of RPLP1 protein resulted in a significant decrease in cell survival in vitro. These studies reveal that RPLP1 is associated with cell proliferation and/or survival and may play a role in the pathophysiology of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahraa Alali
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Amanda Graham
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Kimberly Swan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.,Center for Reproductive Sciences and Institute for Reproductive and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Rebecca Flyckt
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Tommaso Falcone
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.,Cleveland Clinic London, SW1E 6QT, UK
| | - Wei Cui
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Xiaofang Yang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Julie Christianson
- Center for Reproductive Sciences and Institute for Reproductive and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Warren B Nothnick
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.,Center for Reproductive Sciences and Institute for Reproductive and Perinatal Research, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
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Chekini Z, Shahhoseini M, Aflatoonian R, Afsharian P. The Relationship between Functional Promoter Variants of Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor and Endometriosis. CELL JOURNAL 2020; 22:450-456. [PMID: 32347038 PMCID: PMC7211282 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2021.6858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective Endometriosis is a common gynecological and inflammatory disorder. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor
(MIF) is a key pro-inflammatory cytokine that is secreted by accumulated active macrophages in ectopic endometrial
tissues. Two promoter polymorphisms of MIF [-794(CATT)5–8/-173G/C] were identified to susceptibility and severity of
several immune and inflammatory diseases. We aimed to evaluate the possible association between MIF promoter
polymorphisms and susceptibly to endometriosis and its corolation with mRNA level.
Materials and Methods This case-control study was performed in Royan Institute from 2015 to 2017. Polymorphisms
were evaluated in 106 endometriosis patients and 110 controls. For 17 endometrioma tissues, gene expression studies
were conducted during secretory phase of menstrual cycle. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis
was performed to determine -173G/C polymorphism and -794(CATT)5–8 were detected by sequencing. Quantitative
polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) was carried out to determine MIF expression level.
Results Homozygote of CATT7 was observed only in endometriosis whilst we did not detect the significant allele and
genotype variation in both groups. The homozygotes for -794(CATT)5–8 and -173G/C polymorphisms were obtained
to estimate the haplotype frequencies. Significantly higher haplotype frequencies were observed for CATT5/G in
controls [global P value=0.044]. Additionally, the CATT5/C and CATT7/G haplotypes were not detected in any groups.
Expression level of mRNA in ectopic tissue of endometriosis patients with CATT6,7/CC haplotype, were significantly
higher compared to other haplotypes including CATT5,5/GG (2.91 fold, P=0.007), CATT5,5/GC (2.48 fold, P=0.047) and
CATT6,6/GG (2.08 fold, P=0.046).
Conclusion We report, for the first time, a strong linkage between the decreased repetition of CATT and G allele
in control and CATT6/C and CATT7/C haplotypes in endometriosis patients. Increased MIF expression is affected by
genetic variants in the MIF promoter in ectopic endometrial tissues. This promoter haplotype might play an important
role in the development and establishment of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Chekini
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Shahhoseini
- Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Aflatoonian
- Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. Electronic Address:
| | - Parvaneh Afsharian
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. Electronic Address:
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Weng LC, Hou SH, Lei ST, Peng HY, Li MQ, Zhao D. Estrogen-regulated CD200 inhibits macrophage phagocytosis in endometriosis. J Reprod Immunol 2020; 138:103090. [PMID: 32014721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2020.103090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Endometriosis (EMS) is a benign disease that is related to estrogen, immune disorders and inflammation. The purpose of this research was to determine the expression of CD200 in EMS and to clarify its role in the pathogenesis of the disease. METHODS The levels of serum CD200 in patients with and without EMS were determined by ELISA. Furthermore, the expression of CD200 in normal eutopic endometrium and ectopic endometrium was detected by immunohistochemistry and western blotting. The CD200 receptor (CD200R) in macrophages in peritoneal fluid (pMØ) obtained from controls and patients with EMS was examined by western blotting. CD200 expression in human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs) stimulated with 17β-estradiol (E2) was measured by western blotting. Furthermore, macrophages were stimulated with different concentrations of CD200 and the effect on phagocytosis was analyzed. RESULTS The plasma CD200 levels of patients with EMS was significantly increased compared with controls (P = 0.0173, 95%CI [18.75, 159.6]). Compared with normal eutopic endometrium, the expression of CD200 was significantly increased in ectopic endometrial tissues. The CD200R expression in pMØ obtained from patients with EMS was increased compared with the controls (P = 0.0244). CD200 expression in HESCs stimulated with E2 was up-regulated. As the levels of CD200 increased, macrophage phagocytosis in vitro gradually decreased. CONCLUSIONS CD200 is an estrogen-induced molecule that impairs macrophage phagocytosis and may contribute to the immune escape of ectopic lesions in EMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chun Weng
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shu-Hui Hou
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sha-Ting Lei
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hai-Yan Peng
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ming-Qing Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Medical School, Fudan University, No.1326, Pingliang Road, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dong Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Rd., Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Chekini Z, Poursadoughian Yaran A, Ansari-Pour N, Shahhoseini M, Ramazanali F, Aflatoonian R, Afsharian P. A novel gene-wide haplotype at the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) locus is associated with endometrioma. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2019; 247:6-9. [PMID: 32044623 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2019.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Endometriosis is a common complex gynecological disorder that may result in infertility. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a key pro-inflammatory cytokine that is overexpressed in endometriosis tissues. However, hitherto, no study tested the possible relevancy at genetic level. The aim of this study was to evaluate MIF polymorphisms and possible associations between haplotype of the gene and endometrioma. STUDY DESIGN In this experiment, 115 patients with confirmed endometrioma and 120 of women who were not diagnosed with endometrioma were recruited for this case-control genetic association study. The coding region of MIF was resequenced to detect variations of potential significance. Restriction fragment length polymorphism was used to type the -173 G/C (rs755622) promoter Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Haplotype analyses were then undertaken to assess the effect of genetic variations. RESULTS We detected one functional SNP in promoter (rs755622) and non-functional mutations across the gene including (rs2096525, rs182012324, rs33958703 and rs2070766) in our samples. However, haplotype analysis showed a significant association between MIF and endometrioma where a single haplotype CC carrying only the minor allele at -173 G/C was significantly over-represented in the patients group (P = 0.007) and remained significant even after correction for (Bonferroni adjusted P = 0.028). CONCLUSION We report a strong linkage between a novel MIF haplotype and endometrioma. This association is consistent with expression data at both transcript and protein levels suggesting the -173C/G promoter as a critical factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Chekini
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atiyeh Poursadoughian Yaran
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naser Ansari-Pour
- Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, United Kingdom
| | - Maryam Shahhoseini
- Reproductive Epidemiology Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Ramazanali
- Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Aflatoonian
- Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Parvaneh Afsharian
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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Piccinato CA, Malvezzi H, Gibson DA, Saunders PTK. SULFATION PATHWAYS: Contribution of intracrine oestrogens to the aetiology of endometriosis. J Mol Endocrinol 2018; 61:T253-T270. [PMID: 30030390 DOI: 10.1530/jme-17-0297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis is an incurable hormone-dependent inflammatory disease that causes chronic pelvic pain and infertility characterized by implantation and growth of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. Symptoms have a major impact on the quality of life of patients resulting in socioeconomic, physical and psychological burdens. Although the immune system and environmental factors may play a role in the aetiology of endometriosis, oestrogen dependency is still considered a hallmark of the disorder. The impact of oestrogens such as oestrone and particularly, oestradiol, on the endometrium or endometriotic lesions may be mediated by steroids originating from ovarian steroidogenesis or local intra-tissue production (intracrinology) dependent upon the expression and activity of enzymes that regulate oestrogen biosynthesis and metabolism. Two key pathways have been implicated: while there is contradictory data on the participation of the aromatase enzyme (encoded by CYP19A1), there is increasing evidence that the steroid sulphatase pathway plays a role in both the aetiology and pathology of endometriosis. In this review, we consider the evidence related to the pathways leading to oestrogen accumulation in endometriotic lesions and how this might inform the development of new therapeutic strategies to treat endometriosis without causing the undesirable side effects of current regimes that suppress ovarian hormone production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helena Malvezzi
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Douglas A Gibson
- MRC Centre for Inflammation Research, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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8
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Expression of MMIF, HIF-1α and VEGF in Serum and Endometrial Tissues of Patients with Endometriosis. Curr Med Sci 2018; 38:499-504. [DOI: 10.1007/s11596-018-1906-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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9
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Trauma and endometriosis. A review. May we explain surgical phenotypes and natural history of the disease? J Gynecol Obstet Hum Reprod 2017; 46:219-227. [PMID: 28403918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2016.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study was performed to evaluate whether trauma is an initial event of development of endometriosis. METHOD Using Medline database from January 1960 up to December 2014, a systematic review was made of all published studies using the keywords trauma, healing, injury, infection, hyperperistaltism, stretch and endometriosis, adenomyosis and trauma. Studies and review articles written in French and/or in English related to the topic were included and reviewed independently by two authors. RESULTS The role of trauma is well-established for endometriotic lesions diagnosed in surgical scars. Various traumas including delivery, uterine curettage or incision, intraperitoneal hemorrhage, or occult pelvic inflammatory diseases could be involved to explain other localizations of the disease. Many data suggested that the healing process, particularly growth factors and the associated estrogen production, may facilitate the implantation and the growth of ectopic endometrial cells. After the initial, a traumatic event, the phenotype of the disease would depend on the tissue in which the endometriotic lesion grows. CONCLUSIONS The present literature review may support a potential role of a trauma as an initial event of endometriosis.
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10
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DuBrock HM, Rodriguez-Lopez JM, LeVarge BL, Curry MP, VanderLaan PA, Zsengeller ZK, Pernicone E, Preston IR, Yu PB, Nikolic I, Xu D, Thadhani RI, Channick RN, Ananth Karumanchi S. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor as a novel biomarker of portopulmonary hypertension. Pulm Circ 2017; 6:498-507. [PMID: 28090291 DOI: 10.1086/688489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Portopulmonary hypertension (POPH) is a poorly understood complication of liver disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We sought to identify novel biomarkers of POPH disease presence and severity. We performed a prospective, multicenter, case-control study involving patients with liver disease undergoing right heart catheterization. POPH cases were defined as a mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) ≥25 mmHg and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) >240 dynes˙s˙cm-5. Plasma samples were collected from the systemic and pulmonary circulation, and antibody microarray was used to identify biomarkers. Characterization and validation of a candidate cytokine, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), was performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Continuous variables were compared using a Mann-Whitney U test and correlated with disease severity using Spearman correlation. MIF levels were elevated in both the systemic and pulmonary circulation in patients with POPH compared with controls (median MIF level [interquartile range] in systemic circulation: 46.68 ng/mL [32.31-76.04] vs. 31.19 ng/mL [26.92-42.17], P = 0.009; in pulmonary circulation: 49.59 ng/mL [35.90-108.80] vs. 37.78 [21.78-45.53], P = 0.002). In patients with POPH, MIF levels were positively correlated with PVR (r = 0.58, P = 0.006) and inversely correlated with cardiac output (r = -0.57, P = 0.007). MIF >60 ng/mL or tricuspid regurgitation gradient >50 mmHg had a 92% sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of POPH, with a positive predictive value of 86% and a negative predictive value of 96%. MIF is a promising novel biomarker of POPH disease presence and severity in patients with liver disease and portal hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary M DuBrock
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | - Michael P Curry
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Paul B Yu
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ivana Nikolic
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dihua Xu
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Oakley OR, Kim KJ, Lin PC, Barakat R, Cacioppo JA, Li Z, Whitaker A, Chung KC, Mei W, Ko C. Estradiol Synthesis in Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue: Leukocyte Regulation by a Sexually Monomorphic System. Endocrinology 2016; 157:4579-4587. [PMID: 27779914 PMCID: PMC5133356 DOI: 10.1210/en.2016-1391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
17β-estradiol is a potent sex hormone synthesized primarily by gonads in females and males that regulates development and function of the reproductive system. Recent studies show that 17β-estradiol is locally synthesized in nonreproductive tissues and regulates a myriad of events, including local inflammatory responses. In this study, we report that mesenteric lymph nodes (mLNs) and Peyer's patches (Pps) are novel sites of de novo synthesis of 17β-estradiol. These secondary lymphoid organs are located within or close to the gastrointestinal tract, contain leukocytes, and function at the forefront of immune surveillance. 17β-estradiol synthesis was initially identified using a transgenic mouse with red fluorescent protein coexpressed in cells that express aromatase, the enzyme responsible for 17β-estradiol synthesis. Subsequent immunohistochemistry and tissue culture experiments revealed that aromatase expression was localized to high endothelial venules of these lymphoid organs, and these high endothelial venule cells synthesized 17β-estradiol when isolated and cultured in vitro. Both mLNs and Pps contained 17β-estradiol with concentrations that were significantly higher than those of peripheral blood. Furthermore, the total amount of 17β-estradiol in these organs exceeded that of the gonads. Mice lacking either aromatase or estrogen receptor-β had hypertrophic Pps and mLNs with more leukocytes than their wild-type littermates, demonstrating a role for 17β-estradiol in leukocyte regulation. Importantly, we did not observe any sex-dependent differences in aromatase expression, 17β-estradiol content, or steroidogenic capacity in these lymphoid organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver R Oakley
- Department of Biology (O.R.O., A.W.), Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, Kentucky 40475; Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center (K.J.K., Z.L.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801; Department of Comparative Biosciences (P.-C.L., R.B., J.A.C., W.M., C.K.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (R.B.), Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt; and Department of Systems Biology (C.C.), Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Kee Jun Kim
- Department of Biology (O.R.O., A.W.), Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, Kentucky 40475; Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center (K.J.K., Z.L.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801; Department of Comparative Biosciences (P.-C.L., R.B., J.A.C., W.M., C.K.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (R.B.), Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt; and Department of Systems Biology (C.C.), Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Po-Ching Lin
- Department of Biology (O.R.O., A.W.), Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, Kentucky 40475; Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center (K.J.K., Z.L.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801; Department of Comparative Biosciences (P.-C.L., R.B., J.A.C., W.M., C.K.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (R.B.), Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt; and Department of Systems Biology (C.C.), Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Radwa Barakat
- Department of Biology (O.R.O., A.W.), Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, Kentucky 40475; Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center (K.J.K., Z.L.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801; Department of Comparative Biosciences (P.-C.L., R.B., J.A.C., W.M., C.K.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (R.B.), Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt; and Department of Systems Biology (C.C.), Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Joseph A Cacioppo
- Department of Biology (O.R.O., A.W.), Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, Kentucky 40475; Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center (K.J.K., Z.L.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801; Department of Comparative Biosciences (P.-C.L., R.B., J.A.C., W.M., C.K.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (R.B.), Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt; and Department of Systems Biology (C.C.), Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhong Li
- Department of Biology (O.R.O., A.W.), Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, Kentucky 40475; Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center (K.J.K., Z.L.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801; Department of Comparative Biosciences (P.-C.L., R.B., J.A.C., W.M., C.K.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (R.B.), Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt; and Department of Systems Biology (C.C.), Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Alexandra Whitaker
- Department of Biology (O.R.O., A.W.), Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, Kentucky 40475; Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center (K.J.K., Z.L.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801; Department of Comparative Biosciences (P.-C.L., R.B., J.A.C., W.M., C.K.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (R.B.), Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt; and Department of Systems Biology (C.C.), Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Chul Chung
- Department of Biology (O.R.O., A.W.), Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, Kentucky 40475; Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center (K.J.K., Z.L.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801; Department of Comparative Biosciences (P.-C.L., R.B., J.A.C., W.M., C.K.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (R.B.), Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt; and Department of Systems Biology (C.C.), Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Wenyan Mei
- Department of Biology (O.R.O., A.W.), Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, Kentucky 40475; Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center (K.J.K., Z.L.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801; Department of Comparative Biosciences (P.-C.L., R.B., J.A.C., W.M., C.K.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (R.B.), Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt; and Department of Systems Biology (C.C.), Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
| | - CheMyong Ko
- Department of Biology (O.R.O., A.W.), Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, Kentucky 40475; Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center (K.J.K., Z.L.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801; Department of Comparative Biosciences (P.-C.L., R.B., J.A.C., W.M., C.K.), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61802; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (R.B.), Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt; and Department of Systems Biology (C.C.), Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 120-749, Republic of Korea
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12
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Yu JJ, Sun HT, Zhang ZF, Shi RX, Liu LB, Shang WQ, Wei CY, Chang KK, Shao J, Wang MY, Li MQ. IL15 promotes growth and invasion of endometrial stromal cells and inhibits killing activity of NK cells in endometriosis. Reproduction 2016; 152:151-60. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis (EMS) is associated with an abnormal immune response to endometrial cells, which can facilitate the implantation and proliferation of ectopic endometrial tissues. It has been reported that human endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) express interleukin (IL)15. The aim of our study was to elucidate whether or not IL15 regulates the cross talk between ESCs and natural killer (NK) cells in the endometriotic milieu and, if so, how this regulation occurs. The ESC behaviors in vitro were verified by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), Annexin/PI, and Matrigel invasion assays, respectively. To imitate the local immune microenvironment, the co-culture system between ESCs and NK cells was constructed. The effect of IL15 on NK cells in the co-culture unit was investigated by flow cytometry (FCM). In this study, we found that ectopic endometrium from patients with EMS highly expressed IL15. Rapamycin, an autophagy inducer, decreased the level of IL15 receptors (i.e. IL15Rα and IL2Rβ). IL15 inhibits apoptosis and promotes the invasiveness, viability, and proliferation of ESCs. Meanwhile, a co-culture with ESCs led to a decrease in CD16 on NK cells. In the co-culture system, IL15 treatment downregulated the levels of Granzyme B and IFN-γ in CD16+NK cells, NKG2D in CD56dimCD16-NK cells, and NKP44 in CD56brightCD16-NK cells. On the one hand, these results indicated that IL15 derived from ESCs directly stimulates the growth and invasion of ESCs. On the other hand, IL15 may help the immune escape of ESCs by suppressing the cytotoxic activity of NK cells in the ectopic milieu, thereby facilitating the progression of EMS.
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Greene AD, Lang SA, Kendziorski JA, Sroga-Rios JM, Herzog TJ, Burns KA. Endometriosis: where are we and where are we going? Reproduction 2016; 152:R63-78. [PMID: 27165051 DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis currently affects ~5.5 million reproductive-aged women in the U.S. with symptoms such as painful periods (dysmenorrhea), chronic pelvic pain, pain with intercourse (dyspareunia), and infertility. It is defined as the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity and is found predominately attached to sites within the peritoneal cavity. Diagnosis for endometriosis is solely made through surgery as no consistent biomarkers for disease diagnosis exist. There is no cure for endometriosis and treatments only target symptoms and not the underlying mechanism(s) of disease. The nature of individual predisposing factors or inherent defects in the endometrium, immune system, and/or peritoneal cavity of women with endometriosis remains unclear. The literature over the last 5 years (2010-2015) has advanced our critical knowledge related to hormones, hormone receptors, immune dysregulation, hormonal treatments, and the transformation of endometriosis to ovarian cancer. In this review, we cover the aforementioned topics with the goal of providing the reader an overview and related references for further study to highlight the progress made in endometriosis research, while concluding with critical areas of endometriosis research that are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis D Greene
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Cincinnati Center for Reproductive Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Stephanie A Lang
- Department of Environmental HealthUniversity of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jessica A Kendziorski
- Department of Environmental HealthUniversity of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Julie M Sroga-Rios
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Cincinnati Center for Reproductive Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Thomas J Herzog
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyUniversity of Cincinnati Center for Reproductive Health, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA University of Cincinnati Cancer InstituteUniversity of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Katherine A Burns
- Department of Environmental HealthUniversity of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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14
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Nothnick W, Alali Z. Recent advances in the understanding of endometriosis: the role of inflammatory mediators in disease pathogenesis and treatment. F1000Res 2016; 5. [PMID: 26949527 PMCID: PMC4760268 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.7504.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we focus on recent advancements in our understanding of the roles of inflammatory mediators in endometriosis pathophysiology and the potential for improved therapies based upon targeting these pathways. We review the association between endometriosis and inflammation and the initial promise of anti-tumor necrosis factor therapies based upon experimental evidence, and how and why these studies have not translated to the clinic. We then discuss emerging data on the role of inter-relationship among macrophage migration inhibitory factor, prostaglandin E
2, and estrogen receptor-beta, and the potential utility of targeting these factors in endometriosis treatment. In doing so, we highlight the strengths and discuss the current research on identification of novel, anti-inflammatory-based therapy and the necessity to expand experimental endpoints to include clinically relevant measures when assessing the efficacy of potential new therapies for endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren Nothnick
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; Institute for Reproductive Health and Regenerative Medicine, Center for Reproductive Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Zahraa Alali
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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15
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Tsuzuki T, Okada H, Shindoh H, Shimoi K, Nishigaki A, Kanzaki H. Effects of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 inhibitor echinomycin on vascular endothelial growth factor production and apoptosis in human ectopic endometriotic stromal cells. Gynecol Endocrinol 2016; 32:323-8. [PMID: 26654708 DOI: 10.3109/09513590.2015.1121225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence points to a possible role for hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 in the pathogenesis and development of endometriosis. The objectives of this study were to investigate the critical role of HIF-1 in endometriosis and the effect of the HIF-1 inhibitor echinomycin on human ectopic endometriotic stromal cells (eESCs). Ectopic endometriotic tissues were obtained from 20 patients, who received an operation for ovarian endometriomas. We examined vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) production, HIF-1 expression, cell proliferation and apoptosis of eESCs. Cobalt chloride (CoCl2) significantly induced expression of HIF-1α protein and VEGF production in a time-dependent manner in eESCs, but reduced SDF-1 production. VEGF production was significantly suppressed by treatment of 100 nM echinomycin without causing cell toxicity, but 0.1-10 nM echinomycin or 100 nM progestin had no significant effect. SDF-1 production was not affected by echinomycin treatment at any dose. Echinomycin inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptotic cell death of the eESCs, and significantly inhibited expression of the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. Echinomycin inhibits VEGF production and induces apoptosis of eESCs by suppression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. These findings suggest the unique therapeutic potential for echinomycin as an inhibitor of HIF-1 activation for endometriosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Tsuzuki
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Kansai Medical University , Osaka , Japan
| | - Hidetaka Okada
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Kansai Medical University , Osaka , Japan
| | - Hisayuu Shindoh
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Kansai Medical University , Osaka , Japan
| | - Kayo Shimoi
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Kansai Medical University , Osaka , Japan
| | - Akemi Nishigaki
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Kansai Medical University , Osaka , Japan
| | - Hideharu Kanzaki
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Kansai Medical University , Osaka , Japan
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Kokcu A. A current view of the role of epigenetic changes in the aetiopathogenesis of endometriosis. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2015; 36:153-9. [PMID: 26467001 DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2015.1036403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to examine the role of epigenetic changes in the aetiopathogenesis of endometriosis. The analysis and review of the relevant current literature in English language related to the role of epigenetic changes in the aetiopathogenesis of endometriosis. Epigenetic changes are common denominators for hormonal, immunological and inflammatory aberrations which play a key role in the aetiopathogenesis of endometriosis. Many internal and external factors may cause the different running of the epigenetic mechanism. As yet fully unknown genetic factors may increase the sensitivity of the epigenetic mechanism to various internal and external factors. The breakdown of epigenetic regulation is the main factor initiating the pathogenetic mechanisms for endometriosis formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kokcu
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology , Faculty of Medicine, University of Ondokuz Mayis , Samsun , Turkey
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Bourdiec A, Ahmad SF, Lachhab A, Akoum A. Regulation of inflammatory and angiogenesis mediators in a functional model of decidualized endometrial stromal cells. Reprod Biomed Online 2015; 32:85-95. [PMID: 26602943 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The mechanisms involving the expression of interleukin (IL) 1 family members in the process of preparing the endometrium to receive an embryo remain unclear. In this study, decidualization differentially skewed the balance of IL1 family receptor expression in a pattern that increases endometrial stromal cell receptivity to IL1, IL18 and IL33. Additionally, endometrial cells showed increased expression of homeobox HOXA10 and HOXA11 and LIFR, which are known to be involved in endometrial embryo receptivity. Further analyses of decidual endometrial cells revealed a significant increase in the release of potent proinflammatory, remodelling and angiogenic factors implicated in the embryo invasion process, such as VEGF (P = 0.0305), MMP9 (P = 0.0003), TIMP3 (P = 0.0001), RANTES (P = 0.0020), MCP1 (P = 0.0001) and MIF (P = 0.0068). No significant changes in endogenous IL1B secretion were observed. Decreased secretion of IL18 and decidualization increased secretion of IL33. These findings reveal a significant modulation of endometrial cell receptivity to IL1 family members during endometrial stromal cell decidualization, and suggest that the involvement of IL1 family members is important in physiological processes of endometrial receptivity, including adaptive immunology. This may be relevant to establishing a favourable uterine microenvironment for embryo implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Bourdiec
- Endocrinologie de la reproduction, Centre de recherche-Hôpital Saint-François d'Assise, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.
| | - Syed-Furquan Ahmad
- Endocrinologie de la reproduction, Centre de recherche-Hôpital Saint-François d'Assise, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Asmaa Lachhab
- Endocrinologie de la reproduction, Centre de recherche-Hôpital Saint-François d'Assise, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Ali Akoum
- Endocrinologie de la reproduction, Centre de recherche-Hôpital Saint-François d'Assise, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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Mahdian S, Aflatoonian R, Yazdi RS, Yaghmaei P, Ramazanali F, Afsharian P, Shahhoseini M. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor as a potential biomarker of endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2014; 103:153-9.e3. [PMID: 25439837 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the expression of MIF, CD74, and COX-2 in normal, ectopic, and eutopic endometrium during the menstrual cycle and to assess MIF level in peripheral blood. DESIGN The expressions of MIF, CD74, and COX-2 in normal, ectopic, and eutopic endometrium were evaluated with the use of real-time polymerase chain reaction. MIF protein in peripheral blood samples was checked with the use of ELISA. SETTING Reproductive biomedicine research center. PATIENT(S) Sixteen normal women and 20 women with endometriosis. INTERVENTION(S) Ectopic biopsies were obtained with the use of laparoscopic procedure, and eutopic and control biopsies were obtained with the use of Pipelle. Peripheral blood samples were collected before laparoscopy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) The expression of MIF, CD74, and COX-2 in normal, ectopic and eutopic endometrium during the menstrual cycle and the expression level of MIF in peripheral blood samples. RESULT(S) Relative mRNA expression of MIF, CD74, and COX-2 were significantly higher in ectopic endometrium than in eutopic and control endometrium. Also, there were significant differences in expression of these genes in normal, ectopic, and eutopic endometrium during the menstrual cycle. Moreover, women with endometriosis had significantly higher circulating levels of MIF compared with control subjects. CONCLUSION(S) Dynamic expression of MIF, CD74, and COX-2 during the menstrual cycle could play an essential role in reproduction, inflammation, and endometrium reconstruction. A higher expression of these genes in ectopic endometrium can be considered as a molecular biomarker for endometriosis development and pathophysiology. Also, a high level of MIF in blood serum can act as a biomarker in the diagnosis of endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soodeh Mahdian
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, Academic Center for Education Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Aflatoonian
- Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, Academic Center for Education Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Salman Yazdi
- Department of Andrology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, Academic Center for Education Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parichehr Yaghmaei
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fariba Ramazanali
- Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, Academic Center for Education Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Afsharian
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, Academic Center for Education Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Shahhoseini
- Department of Genetics, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, Academic Center for Education Culture and Research, Tehran, Iran.
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Macrophage migration inhibitory factor is involved in ectopic endometrial tissue growth and peritoneal-endometrial tissue interaction in vivo: a plausible link to endometriosis development. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110434. [PMID: 25329068 PMCID: PMC4201552 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pelvic inflammation is a hallmark of endometriosis pathogenesis and a major cause of the disease's symptoms. Abnormal immune and inflammatory changes may not only contribute to endometriosis-major symptoms, but also contribute to ectopic endometrial tissue growth and endometriosis development. A major pro-inflammatory factors found elevated in peritoneal fluid of women with endometriosis and to be overexpressed in peritoneal fluid macrophages and active, highly vascularized and early stage endometriotic lesions, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) appeared to induce angiogenic and inflammatory and estrogen producing phenotypes in endometriotic cells in vitro and to be a possible therapeutic target in vivo. Using a mouse model where MIF-knock out (KO) mice received intra-peritoneal injection of endometrial tissue from MIF-KO or syngeneic wild type (WT) mice and vice versa, our current study revealed that MIF genetic depletion resulted in a marked reduction ectopic endometrial tissue growth, a disrupted tissue structure and a significant down regulation of the expression of major inflammatory (cyclooxygenease-2), cell adhesion (αv and β3 integrins), survival (B-cell lymphoma-2) and angiogenic (vascular endothelial cell growth) factorsrelevant to endometriosis pathogenesis, whereas MIF add-back to MIF-KO mice significantly restored endometriosis-like lesions number and size. Interestingly, cross-experiments revealed that MIF presence in both endometrial and peritoneal host tissues is required for ectopic endometrial tissue growth and pointed to its involvement in endometrial-peritoneal interactions. This study provides compelling evidence for the role of MIF in endometriosis development and its possible interest for a targeted treatment of endometriosis.
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Using Symptom Scores, Lifestyle Measures and Biochemical Markers to Create a Test for Endometriosis. JOURNAL OF ENDOMETRIOSIS AND PELVIC PAIN DISORDERS 2014. [DOI: 10.5301/je.5000194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to develop a test to discriminate between women suffering from pelvic pain associated with presence or absence of endometriosis, using symptom visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, demographic and lifestyle factors and known and novel plasma biomarkers. Methods This was a prospective cohort study. We recruited women presenting with pelvic pain symptoms and undergoing laparoscopy. They provided a plasma sample and completed a questionnaire assessing symptom VAS scores, lifestyle factors and demographic details. Plasma was assayed for 18 potential biomarkers. Logistic regression was used to develop a test to discriminate between women with pelvic pain associated with presence or absence of endometriosis. Results A series of 101 women were analyzed. On univariate analysis, women with endometriosis were less likely to be parous or have previously used an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD) but have a higher weekly alcohol intake. These women had higher VAS scores for nausea and dyspareunia, and higher plasma levels of cancer antigen 125 (CA-125). The optimum logistic regression model included parity, previous IUD use, history of endometriosis, weekly alcohol intake, dyspareunia, VAS score and CA-125. This model had a sensitivity of 93%, specificity of 62% and accuracy of 83%. Conclusions Combining symptom scores, historical measures and CA-125 provides a reasonable means to discriminate between women with pelvic pain associated with presence or absence of endometriosis, but greater specificity is needed before such a model could replace laparoscopy.
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Ferrero S, Remorgida V, Maganza C, Venturini PL, Salvatore S, Papaleo E, Candiani M, Leone Roberti Maggiore U. Aromatase and endometriosis: estrogens play a role. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2014; 1317:17-23. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.12411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simone Ferrero
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; San Martino Hospital and National Institute for Cancer Research; University of Genoa; Genoa Italy
| | - Valentino Remorgida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; San Martino Hospital and National Institute for Cancer Research; University of Genoa; Genoa Italy
| | - Carlo Maganza
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; San Martino Hospital and National Institute for Cancer Research; University of Genoa; Genoa Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Venturini
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; San Martino Hospital and National Institute for Cancer Research; University of Genoa; Genoa Italy
| | - Stefano Salvatore
- IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital and Vita-Salute; San Raffaele University Hospital; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Milan Italy
| | - Enrico Papaleo
- IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital and Vita-Salute; San Raffaele University Hospital; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Milan Italy
| | - Massimo Candiani
- IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital and Vita-Salute; San Raffaele University Hospital; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Milan Italy
| | - Umberto Leone Roberti Maggiore
- IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital and Vita-Salute; San Raffaele University Hospital; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Milan Italy
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Identification of multiple and distinct defects in prostaglandin biosynthetic pathways in eutopic and ectopic endometrium of women with endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2013; 100:1650-9.e1-2. [PMID: 24035605 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate prostaglandin (PG) biosynthesis and catabolism pathways in eutopic and ectopic endometrium of women with endometriosis. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING Human reproduction research laboratory. PATIENT(S) Forty-five women with endometriosis and 29 normal controls. INTERVENTION(S) Endometrial and endometriotic tissue samples were obtained during laparoscopic surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Cyclo-oxygenases (Coxs 1 and 2), PGE2 synthases (microsomal [m] PGES 1 and 2 and cytosolic [c] PGES), PGF2α synthases (aldoketoreductase [AKR]-1C3 and AKR-1B1), and the PG catabolic enzyme 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase messenger RNA expression by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and protein localization by immunohistochemistry. RESULT(S) This study showed a marked increase in the key PG biosynthesis enzymes Cox-2, mPGES-1, mPGES-2, cPGES, and AKR-1C3 in ectopic endometrial tissue of women with endometriosis, particularly in the earliest and most active stages of the disease, without a noticeable change in the expression of the PG catabolic enzyme 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase. Meanwhile, the significant increase in rate-limiting Cox-2 expression upstream was correlated downstream by a significant stage- and cycle phase-dependent decrease in the terminal specific synthase mPGES-2, thereby revealing the presence of counter-regulatory mechanisms, which operate in the eutopic endometrium of women with endometrium but seem to be lacking in the ectopic implantation sites. CONCLUSION(S) This study reveals for the first time multiple defects in PG biosynthesis pathways, which differ between eutopic intrauterine and ectopic endometrial tissues and may, owing to the wide spectrum of PG properties, contribute to the initial steps of endometrial tissue growth and development and have an important role to play in the pathogenesis and symptoms of this disease.
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