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Hosseini TM, Park SJ, Guo T. The Mutational and Microenvironmental Landscape of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Review. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2904. [PMID: 39199674 PMCID: PMC11352924 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16162904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) manifests through the complex interactions of UV-induced DNA damage, genetic mutations, and alterations in the tumor microenvironment. A high mutational burden is present in cSCC, as well as both cSCC precursors and normal skin, making driver genes difficult to differentiate. Despite this, several key driver genes have been identified, including TP53, the NOTCH family, CDKN2A, PIK3CA, and EGFR. In addition to mutations, the tumor microenvironment and the manipulation and evasion of the immune system play a critical role in cSCC progression. Novel therapeutic approaches, such as immunotherapy and EGFR inhibitors, have been used to target these dysregulations, and have shown promise in treating advanced cSCC cases, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions considering both genetic and microenvironmental factors for improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara M. Hosseini
- Gleiberman Head and Neck Cancer Center, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Soo J. Park
- Gleiberman Head and Neck Cancer Center, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Theresa Guo
- Gleiberman Head and Neck Cancer Center, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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2
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Dobrewa W, Bielska M, Bąbol-Pokora K, Janczar S, Młynarski W. Congenital neutropenia: From lab bench to clinic bedside and back. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2024; 793:108476. [PMID: 37989463 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2023.108476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Neutropenia is a hematological condition characterized by a decrease in absolute neutrophil count (ANC) in peripheral blood, typically classified in adults as mild (1-1.5 × 109/L), moderate (0.5-1 × 109/L), or severe (< 0.5 × 109/L). It can be categorized into two types: congenital and acquired. Congenital severe chronic neutropenia (SCN) arises from mutations in various genes, with different inheritance patterns, including autosomal recessive, autosomal dominant, and X-linked forms, often linked to mitochondrial diseases. The most common genetic cause is alterations in the ELANE gene. Some cases exist as non-syndromic neutropenia within the SCN spectrum, where genetic origins remain unidentified. The clinical consequences of congenital neutropenia depend on granulocyte levels and dysfunction. Infants with this condition often experience recurrent bacterial infections, with approximately half facing severe infections within their first six months of life. These infections commonly affect the respiratory system, digestive tract, and skin, resulting in symptoms like fever, abscesses, and even sepsis. The severity of these symptoms varies, and the specific organs and systems affected depend on the genetic defect. Congenital neutropenia elevates the risk of developing acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), particularly with certain genetic variants. SCN patients may acquire CSF3R and RUNX1 mutations, which can predict the development of leukemia. It is important to note that high-dose granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) treatment may have the potential to promote leukemogenesis. Treatment for neutropenia involves antibiotics, drugs that boost neutrophil production, or bone marrow transplants. Immediate treatment is essential due to the heightened risk of severe infections. In severe congenital or cyclic neutropenia (CyN), the primary therapy is G-CSF, often combined with antibiotics. The G-CSF dosage is gradually increased to normalize neutrophil counts. Hematopoietic stem cell transplants are considered for non-responders or those at risk of AML/MDS. In cases of WHIM syndrome, CXCR4 inhibitors can be effective. Future treatments may involve gene editing and the use of the diabetes drug empagliflozin to alleviate neutropenia symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Dobrewa
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 36\50 Sporna Str, 91-738 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Marta Bielska
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 36\50 Sporna Str, 91-738 Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bąbol-Pokora
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 36\50 Sporna Str, 91-738 Lodz, Poland
| | - Szymon Janczar
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 36\50 Sporna Str, 91-738 Lodz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Młynarski
- Department of Pediatrics, Oncology and Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, 36\50 Sporna Str, 91-738 Lodz, Poland.
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3
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Li Q, Li S, Li Z, Xu H, Zhang W. KLF5‑mediated expression of CARD11 promotes the progression of gastric cancer. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:422. [PMID: 37602310 PMCID: PMC10433449 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 11 (CARD11) has been reported as functioning in multiple types of cancers. In the present study, the role and mechanism of CARD11 in gastric cancer was investigated. First, CARD11 expression in gastric cancer tissues and the association of CARD11 with overall survival were analyzed by the encyclopedia of RNA interactomes database. CARD11 expression in gastric cancer cells was detected by western blotting and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analyses. After CARD11 silencing, cell proliferation was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine staining and flow cytometry analysis. Wound healing and Transwell assays were used to measure the capacities of cell migration and invasion. Additionally, the expression levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related proteins and mTOR-related proteins were detected by western blot analysis. HumanTFDB predicted the binding of the transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) to the CARD11 promoter, which was confirmed by dual luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. To explore the regulatory effects between KLF5 and CARD11, KLF5 was overexpressed to perform the rescue experiments in gastric cancer cells with CARD11 silencing. Results revealed that CARD11 was highly expressed in gastric cancer and was associated with poor prognosis. CARD11 interference inhibited the proliferation of gastric cancer cells and induced cell cycle arrest. Additionally, CARD11 silencing suppressed the migration, invasion and EMT of gastric cancer cells, accompanied by upregulated E-cadherin expression and downregulated N-cadherin and vimentin expression. Moreover, the transcription factor KLF5 positively regulated the transcription of CARD11 in gastric cancer. KLF5 overexpression reversed the effects of interference of CARD11 expression in gastric cancer cells to promote their proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT. KLF5 overexpression also led to a reduction in cell cycle arrest. Finally, interference of CARD11 expression suppressed the mTOR pathway, which was activated by KLF5. In conclusion, KLF5-mediated CARD11 promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiusen Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People's Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People's Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Zongxian Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People's Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Hongyan Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People's Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
| | - Wenxian Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second People's Hospital of Wuhu, Wuhu, Anhui 241000, P.R. China
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4
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Cozma EC, Banciu LM, Soare C, Cretoiu SM. Update on the Molecular Pathology of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076646. [PMID: 37047618 PMCID: PMC10095059 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common skin cancer, originating from keratinocytes of the spinous layer. Numerous risk factors have been discovered for the initiation and growth of this type of cancer, such as exposure to UV and ionizing radiation, chemical carcinogens, the presence of immunosuppression states, chronic inflammation, infections with high-risk viral strains, and, last but not least, the presence of diseases associated with genetic alterations. The important socio-economic impact, as well as the difficulty associated with therapy for advanced forms, has made the molecular mechanisms underlying this neoplasia more and more intensively studied, with the intention of achieving a better understanding and advancing the treatment of this pathology. This review aims to provide a brief foray into the molecular, genetic, and epigenetic aspects of this cancer, as well as the treatment methods, ranging from the first used to the latest targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena-Codruta Cozma
- Dermatology Department, Elias University Emergency Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
- Pathophysiology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Laura Madalina Banciu
- Dermatology Department, Elias University Emergency Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Cristina Soare
- Dermatology Department, Elias University Emergency Hospital, 011461 Bucharest, Romania
- Surgery Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sanda-Maria Cretoiu
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Histology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
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5
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Pomerantz JL, Milner JD, Snow AL. Elevated IgE from attenuated CARD11 signaling: lessons from atopic mice and humans. Curr Opin Immunol 2022; 79:102255. [PMID: 36334349 PMCID: PMC10424059 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2022.102255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
CARD11 encodes a large scaffold protein responsible for integrating antigen-receptor engagement with downstream signaling to NF-kB and other outputs in lymphocytes. Over the past 10 years, several human-inborn errors of immunity have been linked to pathogenic CARD11 mutations. Most recently, severe atopic patients were discovered that carried heterozygous dominant-negative CARD11 mutations. Here, we review the mechanistic connections between attenuated CARD11 signaling, elevated IgE, and atopy, comparing and contrasting key insights from both human patients and murine models. Continued investigation of abnormal CARD11 signaling in both contexts should inform novel therapeutic strategies to combat allergic pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel L Pomerantz
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Institute for Cell Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joshua D Milner
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrew L Snow
- Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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6
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TOPK Affects Autophagy of Skin Squamous Cell Carcinoma by Regulating NF-KB Pathway through HDAC1. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:3771711. [PMID: 35756488 PMCID: PMC9217538 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3771711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Objective To explore the effect and potential mechanism of T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase (TOPK) on autophagy in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). Methods Human cSCC cancer tissue and paracancerous tissue samples were collected clinically; immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of TOPK, nuclear factor κB p65 (NF-κB p65), phosphorylated nuclear factor κB inhibitor α (p-IκBα), Beclin-1, and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3) in cSCC tissue; and immunofluorescence was adopted to detect the coexpression of NF-κB p65, p-IκBα, and TOPK in cSCC tissue. After TOPK silencing or overexpression, SCL-1 and A431 cells were treated with PDTC and 3-MA, respectively. RT-qPCR and Western Blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) in TOPK-silenced/overexpressing cells. Western Blot was performed to detect the protein expressions of NF-κB p65, p-p65, IκBα, p-IκBα, Beclin-1, and LC3 in each group. Transwell and scratch healing experiments were used to detect the ability of cells to invade and migrate. The formation of autophagosomes in each group was observed by TEM. Results Compared with adjacent tissues, TOPK, NF-κB p65, p-IκBα, Beclin-1, and LC3 were highly expressed in cSCC cancer tissues; TOPK and NF-κB p65 were coexpressed; and TOPK and p-IκBα were expressed in cSCC cancer tissues both increased. The mRNA and protein levels of TOPK in human cSCC cells were significantly higher than those in human normal skin HaCaT cells. After TOPK knockout, the expression of HDAC1, p-IκBα/IκBα, NF-κB p65, p-p65, Beclin-1, LC3II/I proteins, cell invasion, and migration abilities were significantly reduced, and fewer autophagosomes were observed. Treatment with PDTC and 3-MA significantly downregulated NF-κB pathway protein activity and autophagy level and reduced cell migration and invasion ability. Conclusion TOPK promotes the malignant progression of cSCC by upregulating HDAC1 to activate the NF-κB pathway and promote autophagy.
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7
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Pietzsch L, Körholz J, Boschann F, Sergon M, Dorjbal B, Yee D, Gilly V, Kämmerer E, Paul D, Kastl C, Laass MW, Berner R, Jacobsen EM, Roesler J, Aust D, Lee-Kirsch MA, Snow AL, Schuetz C. Hyper-IgE and Carcinoma in CADINS Disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:878989. [PMID: 35651609 PMCID: PMC9149281 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.878989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) affects up to 25% of children and 10% of adults in Western countries. When severe or recurrent infections and exceedingly elevated serum IgE levels occur in AD patients, an inborn error of immunity (IEI) may be suspected. The International Union of Immunological Societies classification lists variants in different genes responsible for so-called Hyper-IgE syndromes. Diagnosing an underlying IEI may influence treatment strategies. Methods Clinical and diagnostic workup of family members are presented including a detailed immunological description and histology of the carcinoma. Functional testing of the novel variant in CARD11 underlying ‘CARD11-associated atopy with dominant interference of NF-kB signaling’ (CADINS) was performed. Results We report on an 18-year-old patient with a long-standing history of infections, accompanied by hypogammaglobulinemia, intermittent agranulocytosis, atopy, eosinophilia and colitis. The working diagnosis of common variable immunodeficiency was revised when a novel heterozygous CARD11 variant [c.223C>T; p.(Arg75Trp)] was identified. Functional studies confirmed this variant to have a dominant negative (DN) effect, as previously described in patients with CADINS. Five other family members were affected by severe atopy associated with the above variant, but not hypogammaglobulinemia. Malignancies occurred in two generations: an HPV-positive squamous cell carcinoma and a cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. So far, one patient is under treatment with dupilumab, which has shown marked benefit in controlling severe eczema. Conclusion The phenotypic spectrum associated with heterozygous CARD11 DN mutations is broad. Partial T-cell deficiency, diminished IFN-γ cytokine and increased IL-4 production, were identified as disease-causing mechanisms. Malignant disease associated with germline CARD11 DN variants has only been reported sporadically. HPV vaccination in teenage years, and cytology screening analogous with routine cervical swabs may be recommended. Treatment with dupilumab, a monoclonal antibody blocking interleukin-4- and interleukin-13 signaling, may be of benefit in controlling severe and extended AD for some patients as reported for STAT3 loss-of-function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonora Pietzsch
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Julia Körholz
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Felix Boschann
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Human Genetics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mildred Sergon
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Batsukh Dorjbal
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Debra Yee
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Vanessa Gilly
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Diana Paul
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Clemens Kastl
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin W Laass
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Reinhard Berner
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Universitäts Centrum für Seltene Erkrankungen, University Hospital Carl-Gustav-Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Joachim Roesler
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniela Aust
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Core Unit for Molecular Tumor Diagnostics (CMTD), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Nationales Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen (NCT)/Universitäts KrebsCentrum (UCC) Biobank Dresden, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) Dresden and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Min A Lee-Kirsch
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Universitäts Centrum für Seltene Erkrankungen, University Hospital Carl-Gustav-Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrew L Snow
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Catharina Schuetz
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Universitäts Centrum für Seltene Erkrankungen, University Hospital Carl-Gustav-Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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8
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Molecular Mechanisms of Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073478. [PMID: 35408839 PMCID: PMC8998533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancers are cutaneous malignancies representing the most common form of cancer in the United States. They are comprised predominantly of basal cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas (cSCC). The incidence of cSCC is increasing, resulting in substantial morbidity and ever higher treatment costs; currently in excess of one billion dollars, per annum. Here, we review research defining the molecular basis and development of cSCC that aims to provide new insights into pathogenesis and drive the development of novel, cost and morbidity saving therapies.
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Mismatch Repair Deficiency and Somatic Mutations in Human Sinonasal Tumors. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13236081. [PMID: 34885191 PMCID: PMC8657279 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13236081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Sinonasal carcinomas are rare tumors with an overall poor prognosis. Due to limitations in local therapeutic approaches, systemic neo-adjuvant or adjuvant therapies are becoming increasingly important in order to improve patient outcome. This study aimed to examine potentially therapeutic targetable molecular alterations in different sinonasal tumors, including deficiency in mismatch repair proteins and microsatellite instability as well as driver mutations. According to our results, immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of mismatch repair (MMR) proteins and sequencing-based panel analysis should be integrated into the diagnostics of clinically aggressive inverted sinonasal papilloma (ISP) and sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC) in order to enable the therapeutic possibility of a targeted therapy. Abstract Due to limitations in local therapy approaches for sinonasal tumors, improvement in systemic therapies plays a pivotal role for prolongation of the patient’s survival. The aim of this study was to examine potential biomarkers, including deficiency in mismatch repair proteins (dMMR)/microsatellite instability (MSI-H) in sinonasal cancers and their precancerous lesions. A comprehensive analysis of 10 sinonasal cancer cell lines by whole exome sequencing, screening 174 sinonasal tumors by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for mismatch repair deficiency and next generation sequencing (NGS) of 136 tumor samples revealed a dMMR/MSI-H sinonasal squamous cell carcinoma (SNSCC) cell line based on a somatic missense mutation in MLH1 and an overall frequency of dMMR/MSI-H SNSCC of 3.2% (4/125). Targetable EGFR mutations were found in 89.3% (25/28) of inverted sinonasal papilloma (ISP) and in 60% (6/10) of ISP-associated carcinomas. While PIK3CA and EGFR mutations were not mutually exclusive, KRAS mutated tumors were an EGFR-wildtype. The effect of potential driver mutations in FGFR2, FGFR3, BRAF, HRAS, MAP2K1, PTEN, NOTCH1 and CARD11 need further investigation. Our results suggest that biomarker testing, including MMR-IHC and NGS panel analysis, should be integrated into the diagnostics of clinically aggressive ISPs and SNSCC to assess prognosis and facilitate therapeutic decisions.
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Kurgyis Z, Vornholz L, Pechloff K, Kemény LV, Wartewig T, Muschaweckh A, Joshi A, Kranen K, Hartjes L, Möckel S, Steiger K, Hameister E, Volz T, Mellett M, French LE, Biedermann T, Korn T, Ruland J. Keratinocyte-intrinsic BCL10/MALT1 activity initiates and amplifies psoriasiform skin inflammation. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eabi4425. [PMID: 34826258 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abi4425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Kurgyis
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Larsen Vornholz
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Konstanze Pechloff
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lajos V Kemény
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology and MGH Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Dermatooncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tim Wartewig
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Muschaweckh
- Department of Experimental Neuroimmunology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Abhinav Joshi
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katja Kranen
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lara Hartjes
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sigrid Möckel
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Pathology, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Katja Steiger
- Institute of Pathology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Erik Hameister
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Volz
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mark Mellett
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zürich, University of Zurich (UZH), Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lars E French
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zürich, University of Zurich (UZH), Zürich, Switzerland.,Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich, Germany.,Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Tilo Biedermann
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Korn
- Department of Experimental Neuroimmunology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich Germany.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Jürgen Ruland
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich partner site, Munich Germany
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11
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McGuire MH, Dasari SK, Yao H, Wen Y, Mangala LS, Bayraktar E, Ma W, Ivan C, Shoshan E, Wu SY, Jonasch E, Bar-Eli M, Wang J, Baggerly KA, Sood AK. Gene Body Methylation of the Lymphocyte-Specific Gene CARD11 Results in Its Overexpression and Regulates Cancer mTOR Signaling. Mol Cancer Res 2021; 19:1917-1928. [PMID: 34348992 PMCID: PMC8568653 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Investigations into the function of nonpromoter DNA methylation have yielded new insights into epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Previous studies have highlighted the importance of distinguishing between DNA methylation in discrete functional regions; however, integrated nonpromoter DNA methylation and gene expression analyses across a wide number of tumor types and corresponding normal tissues have not been performed. Through integrated analysis of gene expression and DNA methylation profiles, we examined 32 tumor types and identified 57 tumor suppressors and oncogenes out of 260 genes exhibiting a correlation of > 0.5 between gene body methylation and gene expression in at least one tumor type. The lymphocyte-specific gene CARD11 exhibits robust association between gene body methylation and expression across 19 of 32 tumor types examined. It is significantly overexpressed in kidney renal cell carcinoma (KIRC) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) tumor tissues in comparison with respective control samples; and is significantly associated with lower overall survival in KIRC. Contrary to its canonical function in lymphocyte NFκB activation, CARD11 activates the mTOR pathway in KIRC and LUAD, resulting in suppressed autophagy. Furthermore, demethylation of a CpG island within the gene body of CARD11 decreases gene expression. Collectively, our study highlights how DNA methylation outside the promoter region can impact tumor progression. IMPLICATIONS: Our study describes a novel regulatory role of gene body DNA methylation-dependent CARD11 expression on mTOR signaling and its impact on tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael H McGuire
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Santosh K Dasari
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hui Yao
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Yunfei Wen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Lingegowda S Mangala
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Emine Bayraktar
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wencai Ma
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Cristina Ivan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Einav Shoshan
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Sherry Y Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Eric Jonasch
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Menashe Bar-Eli
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Keith A Baggerly
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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12
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MicroRNA31 and MMP-1 contribute to the differentiated pathway of invasion -with enhanced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition- in squamous cell carcinoma of the skin. Arch Dermatol Res 2021; 314:767-775. [PMID: 34647185 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-021-02288-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an important mechanism of invasion in cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (cSCCs) and has been found to be enhanced in tumors originated from actinic keratosis with transformation limited to the basal epithelial layer -differentiated pathway-, compared to cases with invasion subsequent to complete epidermal transformation -classical pathway-. Several microRNAs and proteins can contribute to EMT modulation in cSCCs. MicroRNA21 and microRNA31 are involved in posttranscriptional regulation of protein expression and could play a relevant role in EMT and cSCC progression. Throughout the EMT process upregulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) enhances invasiveness and MMP-1 and MMP-3 contribute to local invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis in cSCCs. Additionally, cSCC development is associated with PTEN loss and NF-κB, NOTCH-1 and p63 activation. The aim of this work is to identify differences in the expression of those molecules between both pathways of cSCCs development. Eight tissue microarrays from 80 consecutive cSCCs were analyzed using LNA-based miRNA in situ hybridization for miRNA21 and miRNA31 evaluation, and immunohistochemistry for MMP-1, MMP-3, PTEN, NOTCH-1, NF-κB, p63 and CD31. Significantly higher expression of miRNA31 (p < 0.0001) and MMP-1 (p = 0.0072) and angiogenesis (p = 0.0199) were found in the differentiated pathway, whereas PTEN loss (p = 0.0430) was more marked in the classical pathway. No significant differences were found for the other markers. Our findings support a contribution of miRNA31 and MMP-1 in the differentiated pathway, associated to EMT and increased microvascularization. The greater PTEN loss in the classical pathway indicate that its relevance in cSCC is not EMT-related.
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13
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Sousa A, Ferreira M, Oliveira C, Ferreira PG. Gender Differential Transcriptome in Gastric and Thyroid Cancers. Front Genet 2020; 11:808. [PMID: 32849808 PMCID: PMC7406663 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer has an important and considerable gender differential susceptibility confirmed by several epidemiological studies. Gastric (GC) and thyroid cancer (TC) are examples of malignancies with a higher incidence in males and females, respectively. Beyond environmental predisposing factors, it is expected that gender-specific gene deregulation contributes to this differential incidence. We performed a detailed characterization of the transcriptomic differences between genders in normal and tumor tissues from stomach and thyroid using Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data. We found hundreds of sex-biased genes (SBGs). Most of the SBGs shared by normal and tumor belong to sexual chromosomes, while the normal and tumor-specific tend to be found in the autosomes. Expression of several cancer-associated genes is also found to differ between sexes in both types of tissue. Thousands of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between paired tumor-normal tissues were identified in GC and TC. For both cancers, in the most susceptible gender, the DEGs were mostly under-expressed in the tumor tissue, with an enrichment for tumor-suppressor genes (TSGs). Moreover, we found gene networks preferentially associated to males in GC and to females in TC and correlated with cancer histological subtypes. Our results shed light on the molecular differences and commonalities between genders and provide novel insights in the differential risk underlying these cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abel Sousa
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Graduate Program in Areas of Basic and Applied Biology, Abel Salazar Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Ferreira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Oliveira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro G Ferreira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support, Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science, Porto, Portugal
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14
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Lu HY, Biggs CM, Blanchard-Rohner G, Fung SY, Sharma M, Turvey SE. Germline CBM-opathies: From immunodeficiency to atopy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 143:1661-1673. [PMID: 31060714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Caspase recruitment domain (CARD) protein-B cell CLL/lymphoma 10 (BCL10)-MALT1 paracaspase (MALT1) [CBM] complexes are critical signaling adaptors that facilitate immune and inflammatory responses downstream of both cell surface and intracellular receptors. Germline mutations that alter the function of members of this complex (termed CBM-opathies) cause a broad array of clinical phenotypes, ranging from profound combined immunodeficiency to B-cell lymphocytosis. With an increasing number of patients being described in recent years, the clinical spectrum of diseases associated with CBM-opathies is rapidly expanding and becoming unexpectedly heterogeneous. Here we review major discoveries that have shaped our understanding of CBM complex biology, and we provide an overview of the clinical presentation, diagnostic approach, and treatment options for those carrying germline mutations affecting CARD9, CARD11, CARD14, BCL10, and MALT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Y Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Experimental Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Catherine M Biggs
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Experimental Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Geraldine Blanchard-Rohner
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Shan-Yu Fung
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mehul Sharma
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stuart E Turvey
- Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Experimental Medicine Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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15
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Leccia MT, Lebbe C, Claudel JP, Narda M, Basset-Seguin N. New Vision in Photoprotection and Photorepair. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2019; 9:103-115. [PMID: 30674003 PMCID: PMC6380982 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-019-0282-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to solar radiation is associated with an increased incidence of skin cancer worldwide and more specifically with non-melanoma skin cancers and actinic keratosis. At the cellular level DNA damage is the main event following ultraviolet (UV) exposure. The kind of lesions produced depends on the wavelength and the energy profile of the radiation, with different photoproducts being formed as a result. Although endogenous DNA repair mechanisms are somewhat effective in repairing DNA, some DNA damage persists and can accumulate with chronic exposure. UV protection strategies, such as sunscreen use, are important in limiting further DNA damage. Several published studies have demonstrated the protective effect that regular use of sunscreen can have against the development of skin cancers. Newer options that aim to help repair damaged DNA may have an important role in reducing the incidence of chronic sun exposure-related photoaging and non-melanoma skin cancers. Photolyase, which is capable of repairing cyclobutane dimers formed as a result of DNA irradiation, is one such novel ingredient. In the first part of this paper we review the rationale for a combined treatment approach of photoprotection and photorepair with photolyase. In the second part we evaluate several published clinical studies, which suggest a beneficial effect in preventing new skin lesions in photodamaged skin. A strategy of photoprotection plus photorepair appears to be relevant for all persons with a high level of solar exposure and those at a higher risk for developing skin cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Therese Leccia
- Service de Dermatologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Grenoble, La Tronche, France
| | - Celeste Lebbe
- Policlinique de Dermatologie, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France
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16
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Purdie KJ, Proby CM, Rizvi H, Griffin H, Doorbar J, Sommerlad M, Feltkamp MC, der Meijden EV, Inman GJ, South AP, Leigh IM, Harwood CA. The Role of Human Papillomaviruses and Polyomaviruses in BRAF-Inhibitor Induced Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Benign Squamoproliferative Lesions. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1806. [PMID: 30154763 PMCID: PMC6102365 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) has long been proposed as a cofactor in the pathogenesis of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC). More recently, the striking clinico-pathological features of cSCCs that complicate treatment of metastatic melanoma with inhibitors targeting BRAF mutations (BRAFi) has prompted speculation concerning a pathogenic role for oncogenic viruses. Here, we investigate HPV and human polyomaviruses (HPyV) and correlate with clinical, histologic, and genetic features in BRAFi-associated cSCC. Materials and Methods: Patients receiving BRAFi treatment were recruited at Barts Health NHS Trust. HPV DNA was detected in microdissected frozen samples using reverse line probe technology and degenerate and nested PCR. HPV immunohistochemistry was performed in a subset of samples. Quantitative PCR was performed to determine the presence and viral load of HPyVs with affinity for the skin (HPyV6, HPyV7, HPyV9, MCPyV, and TSPyV). These data were correlated with previous genetic mutational analysis of H, K and NRAS, NOTCH1/2, TP53, CDKN2A, CARD11, CREBBP, TGFBR1/2. Chromosomal aberrations were profiled using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays. Results: Forty-five skin lesions from seven patients treated with single agent vemurafenib in 2012–2013 were analyzed: 12 cSCC, 19 viral warts (VW), 2 actinic keratosis (AK), 5 verrucous keratosis/other squamoproliferative (VK/SP) lesions, one melanocytic lesion and 6 normal skin samples. Significant histologic features of viral infection were seen in 10/12 (83%) cSCC. HPV DNA was detected in 18/19 (95%) VW/SP, 9/12 (75%) cSCC, 4/5 (80%) SP, and 3/6 (50%) normal skin samples and in 1/12 cases assessed by immunohistochemistry. HPyV was co-detected in 22/30 (73%) of samples, usually at low viral load, with MCPyV and HPyV7 the most common. SNP arrays confirmed low levels of chromosomal abnormality and there was no significant correlation between HPV or HPyV detection and individual gene mutations or overall mutational burden. Conclusion: Despite supportive clinicopathologic evidence, the role for HPV and HPyV infection in the pathogenesis of BRAFi-induced squamoproliferative lesions remains uncertain. Synergistic oncogenic mechanisms are plausible although speculative. Nonetheless, with the prospect of a significant increase in the adjuvant use of these drugs, further research is justified and may provide insight into the pathogenesis of other BRAFi-associated malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin J Purdie
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte M Proby
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Hasan Rizvi
- Department of Pathology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heather Griffin
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - John Doorbar
- Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mary Sommerlad
- Department of Dermatology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mariet C Feltkamp
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Els Van der Meijden
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Gareth J Inman
- Division of Cancer Research, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew P South
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Irene M Leigh
- Institute of Dentistry, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine A Harwood
- Centre for Cell Biology and Cutaneous Research, Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Dermatology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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17
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Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is a malignant neoplasm of the skin characterized by an aberrant proliferation of keratinocytes. Cutaneous SCC is the second most common malignancy globally, and usually arises in the chronically sun-damaged skin of elderly white individuals. From a pathologist's perspective, it is important to differentiate cSCC from the benign and reactive squamoproliferative lesions and identify the high-risk features associated with aggressive tumor behavior. In this article, we provide an up-to-date overview of cSCC along with its precursor lesions and important histologic variants, with a particular emphasis on the histopathologic features and molecular pathogenesis.
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18
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Yesantharao P, Wang W, Ioannidis NM, Demehri S, Whittemore AS, Asgari MM. Cutaneous squamous cell cancer (cSCC) risk and the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system. Hum Immunol 2017; 78:327-335. [PMID: 28185865 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common cancer among Caucasians in the United States, with rising incidence over the past decade. Treatment for non-melanoma skin cancer, including cSCC, in the United States was estimated to cost $4.8 billion in 2014. Thus, an understanding of cSCC pathogenesis could have important public health implications. Immune function impacts cSCC risk, given that cSCC incidence rates are substantially higher in patients with compromised immune systems. We report a systematic review of published associations between cSCC risk and the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system. This review includes studies that analyze germline class I and class II HLA allelic variation as well as HLA cell-surface protein expression levels associated with cSCC risk. We propose biological mechanisms for these HLA-cSCC associations based on known mechanisms of HLA involvement in other diseases. The review suggests that immunity regulates the development of cSCC and that HLA-cSCC associations differ between immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients. This difference may reflect the presence of viral co-factors that affect tumorigenesis in immunosuppressed patients. Finally, we highlight limitations in the literature on HLA-cSCC associations, and suggest directions for future research aimed at understanding, preventing and treating cSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Yesantharao
- Epidemiology Division, Department of Health Research & Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Epidemiology Division, Department of Health Research & Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nilah M Ioannidis
- Epidemiology Division, Department of Health Research & Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Shadmehr Demehri
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Alice S Whittemore
- Epidemiology Division, Department of Health Research & Policy, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Maryam M Asgari
- Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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19
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Pang M, Bai XY, Li Y, Bai JZ, Yuan LR, Ren SA, Hu XY, Zhang XR, Yu BF, Guo R, Wang HL. Label-free LC-MS/MS shotgun proteomics to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of rCC16. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:4496-4504. [PMID: 27748820 PMCID: PMC5101986 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Clara cell protein (CC16) is an anti-inflammatory protein, which is expressed in the airway epithelium. It is involved in the development of airway inflammatory diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma. However, the exact molecular mechanism underlying its anti‑inflammatory action remains to be fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to define the protein profiles of the anti‑inflammatory effect of CC16 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‑treated rat tracheal epithelial (RTE) cells using shotgun proteomics. Protein extracts were obtained from control RTE cells, RTE cells treated with LPS and RTE cells treated with LPS and recombinant CC16 (rCC16). Subsequent label‑free quantification and bioinformatics analyses identified 12 proteins that were differentially expressed in the three treatment groups as a cluster of five distinct groups according to their molecular functions. Five of the twelve proteins were revealed to be associated with the cytoskeleton: Matrix metalloproteinase‑9, myosin heavy chain 10, actin‑related protein‑3 homolog, elongation factor 1‑α‑1 (EF‑1‑α‑1), and acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein P0. Five of the twelve proteins were associated with cellular proliferation: DNA‑dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit, EF‑1‑α‑1, tyrosine 3‑monooxygenase, caspase recruitment domain (CARD) protein 12 and adenosylhomocysteinase (SAHH) 3. Three proteins were associated with gene regulation: EF‑1‑α‑1, SAHH 3 and acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein P0. Three proteins were associated with inflammation: Tyrosine 3‑monooxygenase, CARD protein 12 and statin‑related protein. ATPase (H+‑transporting, V1 subunit A, isoform 1) was revealed to be associated with energy metabolism, and uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferase 1 family polypeptide A8 with drug metabolism and detoxification. The identified proteins were further validated using reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. These protein profiles, and their interacting protein network, may facilitate the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti‑inflammatory effects of CC16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Pang
- Respiratory Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Yan Bai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Yan Li
- Fan‑Xing Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 010000, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Zhong Bai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Li-Rong Yuan
- Respiratory Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Shou-An Ren
- Respiratory Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Yun Hu
- Respiratory Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Xin-Ri Zhang
- Respiratory Department, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Feng Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Long Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
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20
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Watt SA, Purdie KJ, den Breems NY, Dimon M, Tucker S, Arron ST, McHugh A, Xue DJ, Dayal JHS, Harwood CA, Leigh IM, Proby CM, South AP. CREBBP mutation in human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma. Exp Dermatol 2016; 25:650-1. [PMID: 27094574 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Watt
- Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Karin J Purdie
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Michelle Dimon
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stefan Tucker
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Sarah T Arron
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Angela McHugh
- Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Dylan J Xue
- Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Catherine A Harwood
- Centre for Cutaneous Research, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Irene M Leigh
- Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.,Centre for Cutaneous Research, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | | | - Andrew P South
- Division of Cancer Research, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.,Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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