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Gong G, Liu L, Wu B, Li J, He M, Hu G. Simultaneous production of algal biomass and lipid by heterotrophic cultivation of linoleic acid-rich oleaginous microalga Chlorella sorokiniana using high acetate dosage. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 399:130566. [PMID: 38467262 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The low-cost carbon source, acetate, was utilized to feed a linoleic acid-rich Chlorella sorokiniana for microalgal biomass and lipid accumulation. Remarkably high tolerance capability to high acetate dosage up to 30 g/L was observed, with heterotrophy being the preferred trophic mode for algal growth and lipogenesis when supplemented 20 g/L acetate. Transcriptome analysis revealed a marked activation of pathways involved in acetate bioconversion and lipogenesis upon exposure to high-level of acetate. However, the enhancement of photorespiration inhibited photosynthesis, which ultimately led to a decrease in biomass and lipid under mixotrophy. Heterotrophic acetate-feeding generated more superior amino acid profiling of algal biomass and a predominant linoleic acid content (50 %). Heterotrophic repeat fed-batch strategy in 5 L fermenter significantly increased the growth performance and lipid titer, with the highest levels achieved being 23.4 g/L and 7.0 g/L, respectively. This work provides a viable approach for bio-products production through acetate-based heterotrophic algal cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiping Gong
- Biomass Energy Technology Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| | - Linpei Liu
- Biomass Energy Technology Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Bo Wu
- Biomass Energy Technology Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Jianting Li
- Biomass Energy Technology Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Mingxiong He
- Biomass Energy Technology Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Guoquan Hu
- Biomass Energy Technology Research Centre, Key Laboratory of Development and Application of Rural Renewable Energy (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chengdu 610041, PR China
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Wang C, Lin X, Zhang X, Show PL. Research advances on production and application of algal biochar in environmental remediation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 348:123860. [PMID: 38537803 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Algae, comprising microalgae and macroalgae, have emerged as a promising feedstock for the production of functional biochar. Recently, the application of algal biochar in environmental remediation gains increasing attention. This review summarizes research advancements in the synthesis and application of algal biochar, a versatile and sustainable material for environmental remediation ranging from wastewater treatment to soil improvement. Algal biochar can be prepared by pyrolysis, microwave-assisted pyrolysis, and hydrothermal carbonization. Physical and chemical modifications have proven to be effective for improving biochar properties. Algal biochar is promising for removing diverse pollutants including heavy metals, organic pollutants, and microplastics. The role in soil improvement signifies a sustainable approach to enhancing soil structure, nutrient retention, and microbial activity. Research gaps are identified based on current understanding, necessitating further exploration into variations in biochar characteristics, the performance improvement, large-scale applications, and the long-term evaluation for environmental application. This review provides a better understanding of algal biochar as a sustainable and effective tool in environmental remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongqing Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Zhongyuan Critical Metal Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; The Key Lab of Critical Metals Minerals Supernormal Enrichment and Extraction, Ministry of Education, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Zhongyuan Critical Metal Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiuxiu Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; Zhongyuan Critical Metal Laboratory, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Paulenco A, Vintila ACN, Vlaicu A, Ciltea-Udrescu M, Galan AM. Nannochloris sp. Microalgae Strain for Treatment of Dairy Wastewaters. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1469. [PMID: 37374971 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper focuses on a process for dairy wastewater treatment by mixotrophic cultivation of microalgae Nannochloris sp., using cheese whey obtained as a side flow from cheese production as an organic carbon source. The microalgae samples were prepared by adding to the standard growth medium increasing amounts of cheese whey, calculated to ensure a lactose concentration between 0 and 10 g/L. The samples were incubated at a constant temperature of 28 °C and 175 rpm stirring speed for a total time of seven days. Two LED (Light Emitting Diode) illumination schemes were applied in order to assess the effect of this parameter on microalgae development and bioactive compound accumulation: continuous illumination (light stress) versus alternative cycles of 12 h light-12 h dark (day-night cycle). The growth medium was analyzed before and after microalgae cultivation in order to determine the reduction of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The results obtained for this process, after a seven-day cultivation period, were as follows: reduction of 99-100% of lactose from the growth medium, up to 96% reduction in chemical oxygen demand, up to 91% reduction in nitrogen content, and up to 70% reduction in phosphorus content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Paulenco
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alin Cristian Nicolae Vintila
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandru Vlaicu
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Ciltea-Udrescu
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnologies, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Galan
- National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry-ICECHIM, 202 Spl. Independentei, 060021 Bucharest, Romania
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The Influence of Ultrasound on the Growth of Nannochloris sp. in Modified Growth Medium. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020413. [PMID: 36836770 PMCID: PMC9967578 DOI: 10.3390/life13020413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The influence of ultrasound irradiation on the algal biomass productivity as well as its oil content and fatty acids profile, grown in a modified Zarrouk medium, i.e., deproteinized whey waste solution, was investigated. The algal samples (Nannochloris sp. 424-1 microalgae) were grown for 7 days in a thermostated incubator at 28 °C, shaken under continuous light. During this period, the algal biomass was subjected to induced stress by ultrasonic irradiation at different powers and sonication time. The obtained results demonstrate that ultrasound stressing of algae biomass has a positive effect on both the quantity of biomass and the oil obtained, also causing a shift in fatty acid composition by increasing the proportion of C16 and C18 polyunsaturated fatty acids. A low dosage level of exposure to the ultrasound led to algal biomass increase as well as lipid accumulation. For both types of irradiation modes which were investigated, daily and only initial irradiation, the beneficial effect of the ultrasound decreases as the exposure time increases and the excessive sonication becomes detrimental to microalgae growth.
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Leon-Vaz A, Cubero-Cardoso J, Trujillo-Reyes Á, Fermoso FG, León R, Funk C, Vigara J, Urbano J. Enhanced wastewater bioremediation by a sulfur-based copolymer as scaffold for microalgae immobilization (AlgaPol). CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 315:137761. [PMID: 36610507 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been an increasing concern related to the contamination of aqueous ecosystems by heavy metals, highlighting the need to improve the current techniques for remediation. This work intends to address the problem of removing heavy metals from waterbodies by combining two complementary methodologies: adsorption to a copolymer synthesized by inverse vulcanization of sulfur and vegetable oils and phytoremediation by the microalga Chlorella sorokiniana to enhance the metal adsorption. After studying the tolerance and growth of Chlorella sorokiniana in the presence of the copolymer, the adsorption of highly concentrated Cd2+ (50 mg L-1) by the copolymer and microalgae on their own and the combined immobilized system (AlgaPol) was compared. Additionally, adsorption studies have been performed on mixtures of the heavy metals Cd2+ and Cu2+ at a concentration of 8 mg L-1 each. AlgaPol biofilm is able to remove these metals from the growth medium by more than 90%. The excellent metal adsorption capacity of this biofilm can be kinetically described by a pseudo-second-order model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Leon-Vaz
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences. Marine International Campus of Excellence and REMSMA. University of Huelva, 210071, Huelva, Spain; Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Juan Cubero-Cardoso
- Laboratory of Sustainable and Circular Technology, CIDERTA and Chemistry Department, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus de "El Carmen", University of Huelva, 21071, Huelva, Spain; Instituto de Grasa, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1, 41013, Seville, Spain.
| | - Ángeles Trujillo-Reyes
- Instituto de Grasa, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1, 41013, Seville, Spain.
| | - Fernando G Fermoso
- Instituto de Grasa, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Ctra. de Utrera, km. 1, 41013, Seville, Spain.
| | - Rosa León
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences. Marine International Campus of Excellence and REMSMA. University of Huelva, 210071, Huelva, Spain.
| | - Christiane Funk
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Javier Vigara
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Experimental Sciences. Marine International Campus of Excellence and REMSMA. University of Huelva, 210071, Huelva, Spain.
| | - Juan Urbano
- Laboratory of Sustainable and Circular Technology, CIDERTA and Chemistry Department, Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Campus de "El Carmen", University of Huelva, 21071, Huelva, Spain.
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Lee JC, Joo JH, Chun BH, Moon K, Song SH, Kim YJ, Lee SM, Lee AH. Isolation and screening of indigenous microalgae species for domestic and livestock wastewater treatment, biodiesel production, and carbon sequestration. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 318:115648. [PMID: 35949094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of indigenous microalgae strains for locally generated domestic (DWW) and livestock wastewater (LWW) treatment is essential for effective and economical applications. Phototrophic microalgae-based biofuel production also contributes to carbon sequestration via CO2 fixation. However, simultaneous consideration of both isolation and screening procedures for locally collected indigenous microalgae strains is not common in the literature. We aimed to isolate indigenous microalgae strains from locally collected samples on coastlines and islands in South Korea. Among five isolated strains, Chlorella sorokiniana JD1-1 was selected for DWW and LWW treatment due to its ability to grow in waste resources. This strain showed a higher specific growth rate in DWW than artificial growth medium (BG-11) with a range of 0.137-0.154 d-1. During cultivation, 96.5%-97.1% of total nitrogen in DWW and 89.2% in LWW was removed. Over 99% of total phosphorus in DWW and 96.4% in LWW was also removed. Finally, isolated C. sorokiniana JD1-1 was able to fix CO2 within a range of 0.0646-0.1043 g CO2 L-1 d-1. These results support the domestic applications of carbon sequestration-efficient microalgae in the waste-to-energy nexus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Cheol Lee
- Division of Environmental Materials, Honam National Institute of Biological Resources (HNIBR), Mokpo, 58762, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jae-Hyoung Joo
- Division of Environmental Materials, Honam National Institute of Biological Resources (HNIBR), Mokpo, 58762, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hee Chun
- Division of Environmental Materials, Honam National Institute of Biological Resources (HNIBR), Mokpo, 58762, Republic of Korea
| | - Kira Moon
- Division of Environmental Materials, Honam National Institute of Biological Resources (HNIBR), Mokpo, 58762, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hui Song
- Division of Environmental Materials, Honam National Institute of Biological Resources (HNIBR), Mokpo, 58762, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Ji Kim
- Division of Environmental Materials, Honam National Institute of Biological Resources (HNIBR), Mokpo, 58762, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Moon Lee
- Division of Environmental Materials, Honam National Institute of Biological Resources (HNIBR), Mokpo, 58762, Republic of Korea
| | - Aslan Hwanhwi Lee
- Division of Environmental Materials, Honam National Institute of Biological Resources (HNIBR), Mokpo, 58762, Republic of Korea
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Young EB, Reed L, Berges JA. Growth parameters and responses of green algae across a gradient of phototrophic, mixotrophic and heterotrophic conditions. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13776. [PMID: 35891646 PMCID: PMC9308967 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Many studies have shown that algal growth is enhanced by organic carbon and algal mixotrophy is relevant for physiology and commercial cultivation. Most studies have tested only a single organic carbon concentration and report different growth parameters which hampers comparisons and improvements to algal cultivation methodology. This study compared growth of green algae Chlorella vulgaris and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii across a gradient of photoautotrophic-mixotrophic-heterotrophic culture conditions, with five acetate concentrations. Culture growth rates and biomass achieved were compared using different methods of biomass estimation. Both species grew faster and produced the most biomass when supplied with moderate acetate concentrations (1-4 g L-1), but light was required to optimize growth rates, biomass yield, cell size and cell chlorophyll content. Higher acetate concentration (10 g L-1) inhibited algal production. The choice of growth parameter and method to estimate biomass (optical density (OD), chlorophyll a fluorescence, flow cytometry, cell counts) affected apparent responses to organic carbon, but use of OD at 600, 680 or 750 nm was consistent. There were apparent trade-offs among exponential growth rate, maximum biomass, and culture time spent in exponential phase. Different cell responses over 1-10 g L-1 acetate highlight profound physiological acclimation across a gradient of mixotrophy. In both species, cell size vs cell chlorophyll relationships were more constrained in photoautotrophic and heterotrophic cultures, but under mixotrophy, and outside exponential growth phase, these relationships were more variable. This study provides insights into algal physiological responses to mixotrophy but also has practical implications for choosing parameters for monitoring commercial algal cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica B. Young
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States,School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Lindsay Reed
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - John A. Berges
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States,School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
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