1
|
Seaborn T, Landguth EL, Caudill CC. Simulating plasticity as a framework for understanding habitat selection and its role in adaptive capacity and extinction risk through an expansion of CDMetaPOP. Mol Ecol Resour 2023; 23:1458-1472. [PMID: 37081173 PMCID: PMC11081408 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Adaptive capacity can present challenges for modelling as it encompasses multiple ecological and evolutionary processes such as natural selection, genetic drift, gene flow and phenotypic plasticity. Spatially explicit, individual-based models provide an outlet for simulating these complex interacting eco-evolutionary processes. We expanded the existing Cost-Distance Meta-POPulation (CDMetaPOP) framework with inducible plasticity modelled as a habitat selection behaviour, using temperature or habitat quality variables, with a genetically based selection threshold conditioned on past individual experience. To demonstrate expected results in the new module, we simulated hypothetical populations and then evaluated model performance in populations of redband trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss gairdneri) across three watersheds where temperatures induce physiological stress in parts of the stream network. We ran simulations using projected warming stream temperature data under four scenarios for alleles that: (1) confer thermal tolerance, (2) bestow plastic habitat selection, (3) give both thermal tolerance and habitat selection preference and (4) do not provide either thermal tolerance or habitat selection. Inclusion of an adaptive allele decreased declines in population sizes, but this impact was greatly reduced in the relatively cool stream networks. As anticipated with the new module, high-temperature patches remained unoccupied by individuals with the allele operating plastically after exposure to warm temperatures. Using complete habitat avoidance above the stressful temperature threshold, habitat selection reduced the overall population size due to the opportunity cost of avoiding areas with increased, but not guaranteed, mortality. Inclusion of plasticity within CDMetaPOP will provide the potential for genetic or plastic traits and 'rescue' to affect eco-evolutionary dynamics for research questions and conservation applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Travis Seaborn
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho, USA
- School of Natural Resource Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
| | - Erin L. Landguth
- Computational Ecology Laboratory & Center for Population Health Research, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hooven ND, Springer MT, Nielsen CK, Schauber EM. Influence of natal habitat preference on habitat selection during extra-home range movements in a large ungulate. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e9794. [PMID: 36760707 PMCID: PMC9897958 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Natal habitat preference induction (NHPI) occurs when animals exhibit a preference for new habitat that is similar to that which they experienced in their natal environment, potentially leading to post-dispersal success. While the study of NHPI is typically focused on post-settlement home ranges, we investigated how this behavior may manifest during extra-home range movements (EHRMs), both to identify exploratory prospecting behavior and assess how natal habitat cues may influence path selection before settlement. We analyzed GPS collar relocation data collected during 79 EHRMs made by 34 juvenile and subadult white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) across an agricultural landscape with highly fragmented forests in Illinois, USA. We developed a workflow to measure multidimensional natal habitat dissimilarity for each EHRM relocation and fit step-selection functions to evaluate whether natal habitat similarity explained habitat selection along movement paths. Across seasons, selection for natal habitat similarity was generally weak during excursive movements, but strong during dispersals, indicating that NHPI is manifested in dispersal habitat selection in this study system and bolstering the hypothesis that excursive movements differ functionally from dispersal. Our approach for extending the NHPI hypothesis to behavior during EHRMs can be applied to a variety of taxa and can expand our understanding of how individual behavioral variation and early life experience may shape connectivity and resistance across landscapes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D. Hooven
- School of the EnvironmentWashington State UniversityPullmanWashingtonUSA,Department of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Matthew T. Springer
- Department of Forestry and Natural ResourcesUniversity of KentuckyLexingtonKentuckyUSA
| | - Clayton K. Nielsen
- Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory and Department of ForestrySouthern Illinois University CarbondaleCarbondaleIllinoisUSA
| | - Eric M. Schauber
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research InstituteUniversity of Illinois Urbana‐ChampaignChampaignIllinoisUSA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Brackley A, Lill J, Weiss M. Ecological Predictors of Pupal Survival in a Common North American Butterfly. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 51:1030-1039. [PMID: 35866523 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvac055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
All holometabolous insects undergo a pupal life stage, a transformative period during which the insects are immobile and thus particularly vulnerable to both natural enemies and harmful abiotic conditions. For multivoltine species like the silver-spotted skipper [Epargyreus clarus (Cramer) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae)], which produces both diapausing and nondiapausing generations throughout much of its range, both the duration of the pupal stage and the ecological challenges faced by pupae can differ among generations. We conducted a set of field experiments to investigate the seasonal and annual variation in pupal mortality for E. clarus pupae experiencing different biotic and abiotic conditions. We also examined the behavioral and ecological factors influencing the construction and persistence of pupal shelters by prepupal larvae. Surprisingly, measures of both cumulative and daily pupal predation were significantly higher during the relatively short (10-14 d) nondiapausing (summer) generations, compared with the diapausing (winter) generations, despite a nearly 20-fold longer pupal duration recorded for the latter. Indirect evidence from field censuses suggested that this intergenerational difference in mortality was due to seasonal variation in consumption of pupae by generalist vertebrate predators. The presence of a shelter increased survival in summer, though not in winter, perhaps because winter pupae were likely to be buried under autumnal leaf litter, regardless of initial shelter status. When constructing their shelters, prepupal E. clarus larvae did not prefer host leaves over nonhost leaves, suggesting that induced preferences are unlikely to play an important role in this process. Despite finding marked differences in the decomposition rates of shelter leaves derived from host vs. nonhost plants, several lines of evidence suggest that these differences are unlikely to impact E. clarus pupal mortality during either the summer or winter generations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison Brackley
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, 406 Reiss Building, 37th & O Street NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - John Lill
- Department of Biological Sciences, George Washington University, 800 22nd Street, Suite 6000, NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Martha Weiss
- Department of Biology, Georgetown University, 406 Reiss Building, 37th & O Street NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Rohrer KN, Ferkin MH. Don’t listen to mom: no maternal influence on consistent nest and latrine site choice by their offspring in meadow voles. BEHAVIOUR 2022. [DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-bja10155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Where does an animal build a nest? At a large scale, habitat preference can be informed by ‘natal habitat preference induction’, where an animal’s early environment impacts what habitat it finds suitable later in life. Other preferences may be present within a chosen habitat. We tracked the location angle of nests and latrines within the home cages of captive meadow voles, Microtus pennsylvanicus. Nests and latrines were separated from each other by an angle of approximately 180°, perhaps to reduce disease transmission. Meadow voles’ nest and latrine site choices were individually consistent across time. Only nest site choices were consistent between siblings, as assessed by a random effect coefficient, and these choices were repeatable. However, nest site choices at maturity were independent of their mother’s nest choice. We posit that the nest and latrine site choice is a socially learned preference developed through the consensus of siblings after weaning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karl N. Rohrer
- University of Memphis, Department of Biological Sciences, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Michael H. Ferkin
- University of Memphis, Department of Biological Sciences, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hansen JE, Hertel AG, Frank SC, Kindberg J, Zedrosser A. Social environment shapes female settlement decisions in a solitary carnivore. Behav Ecol 2021; 33:137-146. [PMID: 35197809 PMCID: PMC8857934 DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arab118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
How and where a female selects an area to settle and breed is of central importance in dispersal and population ecology as it governs range expansion and gene flow. Social structure and organization have been shown to influence settlement decisions, but its importance in the settlement of large, solitary mammals is largely unknown. We investigate how the identity of overlapping conspecifics on the landscape, acquired during the maternal care period, influences the selection of settlement home ranges in a non-territorial, solitary mammal using location data of 56 female brown bears (Ursus arctos). We used a resource selection function to determine whether females’ settlement behavior was influenced by the presence of their mother, related females, familiar females, and female population density. Hunting may remove mothers and result in socio-spatial changes before settlement. We compared overlap between settling females and their mother’s concurrent or most recent home ranges to examine the settling female’s response to the absence or presence of her mother on the landscape. We found that females selected settlement home ranges that overlapped their mother’s home range, familiar females, that is, those they had previously overlapped with, and areas with higher density than their natal ranges. However, they did not select areas overlapping related females. We also found that when mothers were removed from the landscape, female offspring selected settlement home ranges with greater overlap of their mother’s range, compared with mothers who were alive. Our results suggest that females are acquiring and using information about their social environment when making settlement decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J E Hansen
- Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, University of South-Eastern Norway, Bø i Telemark, Norway
| | - A G Hertel
- Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, University of South-Eastern Norway, Bø i Telemark, Norway
- Senkenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - S C Frank
- Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, University of South-Eastern Norway, Bø i Telemark, Norway
| | - J Kindberg
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Trondheim, Norway
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental Studies, Umeå, Sweden
| | - A Zedrosser
- Faculty of Technology, Natural Sciences and Maritime Sciences, Department of Natural Sciences and Environmental Health, University of South-Eastern Norway, Bø i Telemark, Norway
- Department of Integrative Biology, Institute of Wildlife Biology and Game Management, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Hatchery enrichment accelerates use of land mark cue in route learning behaviour of climbing perch (Anabas testudineus Bloch 1792). LEARNING AND MOTIVATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lmot.2021.101732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
7
|
Zepeda E, Payne E, Wurth A, Sih A, Gehrt S. Early life experience influences dispersal in coyotes ( Canis latrans). Behav Ecol 2021; 32:728-737. [PMID: 34421364 PMCID: PMC8374878 DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arab027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Natal dispersal plays an important role in connecting individual animal behavior with ecological processes at all levels of biological organization. As urban environments are rapidly increasing in extent and intensity, understanding how urbanization influences these long distance movements is critical for predicting the persistence of species and communities. There is considerable variation in the movement responses of individuals within a species, some of which is attributed to behavioral plasticity which interacts with experience to produce interindividual differences in behavior. For natal dispersers, much of this experience occurs in the natal home range. Using data collected from VHF collared coyotes (Canis latrans) in the Chicago Metropolitan Area we explored the relationship between early life experience with urbanization and departure, transience, and settlement behavior. Additionally, we looked at how early life experience with urbanization influenced survival to adulthood and the likelihood of experiencing a vehicle related mortality. We found that coyotes with more developed habitat in their natal home range were more likely to disperse and tended to disperse farther than individuals with more natural habitat in their natal home range. Interestingly, our analysis produced mixed results for the relationship between natal habitat and habitat selection during settlement. Finally, we found no evidence that early life experience with urbanization influenced survival to adulthood or the likelihood of experiencing vehicular mortality. Our study provides evidence that early life exposure influences dispersal behavior; however, it remains unclear how these differences ultimately affect fitness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily Zepeda
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California at Davis, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Eric Payne
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California at Davis, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ashley Wurth
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Andrew Sih
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California at Davis, 1 Shields Ave., Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Stanley Gehrt
- School of Environment and Natural Resources, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Séchaud R, Schalcher K, Machado AP, Almasi B, Massa C, Safi K, Roulin A. Behaviour-specific habitat selection patterns of breeding barn owls. MOVEMENT ECOLOGY 2021; 9:18. [PMID: 33883038 PMCID: PMC8059222 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-021-00258-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The intensification of agricultural practices over the twentieth century led to a cascade of detrimental effects on ecosystems. In Europe, agri-environment schemes (AES) have since been adopted to counter the decrease in farmland biodiversity, with the promotion of extensive habitats such as wildflower strips and extensive meadows. Despite having beneficial effects documented for multiple taxa, their profitability for top farmland predators, like raptors, is still debated. Such species with high movement capabilities have large home ranges with fluctuation in habitat use depending on specific needs. METHODS Using GPS devices, we recorded positions for 134 barn owls (Tyto alba) breeding in Swiss farmland and distinguished three main behavioural modes with the Expectation-Maximization binary Clustering (EMbC) method: perching, hunting and commuting. We described barn owl habitat use at different levels during the breeding season by combining step and path selection functions. In particular, we examined the association between behavioural modes and habitat type, with special consideration for AES habitat structures. RESULTS Despite a preference for the most common habitats at the home range level, behaviour-specific analyses revealed more specific habitat use depending on the behavioural mode. During the day, owls roosted almost exclusively in buildings, while pastures, meadows and forest edges were preferred as nocturnal perching sites. For hunting, barn owls preferentially used AES habitat structures though without neglecting more intensively exploited areas. For commuting, open habitats were preferred over wooded areas. CONCLUSIONS The behaviour-specific approach used here provides a comprehensive breakdown of barn owl habitat selection during the reproductive season and highlights its importance to understand complex animal habitat preferences. Our results highlight the importance of AES in restoring and maintaining functional trophic chains in farmland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Séchaud
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Building Biophore, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Kim Schalcher
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Building Biophore, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ana Paula Machado
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Building Biophore, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bettina Almasi
- Swiss Ornithological Institute, Seerose 1, 6204, Sempach, Switzerland
| | - Carolina Massa
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Building Biophore, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, Laboratorio de Ecología de Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vectores, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, 25 de Mayo, 1650 San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Inmunova S.A., 25 de Mayo, 1650 San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Kamran Safi
- Department of Migration, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behaviour, Am Obstberg 1, 78315, Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464, Constance, Germany
| | - Alexandre Roulin
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Building Biophore, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hoover BA, Brunk KM, Jukkala G, Banfield N, Rypel AL, Piper WH. Early evidence of natal-habitat preference: Juvenile loons feed on natal-like lakes after fledging. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:1310-1319. [PMID: 33598132 PMCID: PMC7863666 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Many species show natal habitat preference induction (NHPI), a behavior in which young adults select habitats similar to those in which they were raised. However, we know little about how NHPI develops in natural systems. Here, we tested for NHPI in juvenile common loons (Gavia immer) that foraged on lakes in the vicinity of their natal lake after fledging. Juveniles visited lakes similar in pH to their natal lakes, and this significant effect persisted after controlling for spatial autocorrelation. On the other hand, juveniles showed no preference for foraging lakes of similar size to their natal one. When lakes were assigned to discrete classes based on size, depth, visibility, and trophic complexity, both juveniles from large lakes and small lakes preferred to visit large, trophically diverse lakes, which contained abundant food. Our results contrast with earlier findings, which show strict preference for lakes similar in size to the natal lake among young adults seeking to settle on a breeding lake. We suggest that NHPI is relaxed for juveniles, presumably because they select lakes that optimize short-term survival and growth. By characterizing NHPI during a poorly studied life stage, this study illustrates that NHPI can take different forms at different life stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian A. Hoover
- Schmid College of Science and TechnologyChapman UniversityOrangeCAUSA
| | - Kristin M. Brunk
- Department of Forest and Wildlife EcologyUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | | | | | - Andrew L. Rypel
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Conservation BiologyUniversity of California DavisDavisCAUSA
| | - Walter H. Piper
- Schmid College of Science and TechnologyChapman UniversityOrangeCAUSA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
A sensitive period for the induction of host plant preference in a generalist herbivorous insect. Anim Behav 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2020.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
11
|
Jaffe A, Burns MP, Saltz JB. Genotype-by-genotype epistasis for exploratory behaviour in D. simulans. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20200057. [PMID: 32517624 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Social interactions can influence the expression and underlying genetic basis of many traits. Yet, empirical investigations of indirect genetic effects (IGEs) and genotype-by-genotype epistasis-quantitative genetics parameters representing the role of genetic variation in a focal individual and its interacting partners in producing the observed trait values-are still scarce. While it is commonly observed that an individual's traits are influenced by the traits of interacting conspecifics, representing social plasticity, studying this social plasticity and its quantitative-genetic basis is notoriously challenging. These challenges are compounded when individuals interact in groups, rather than (simpler) dyads. Here, we investigate the genetic architecture of social plasticity for exploratory behaviour, one of the most intensively studied behaviours in recent decades. Using genotypes of Drosophila simulans, we measured genotypes both alone, and in social groups representing a mix of two genotypes. We found that females adjusted their exploratory behaviour based on the behaviour of others in the group, representing social plasticity. However, the direction of this plasticity depended on the identity of group members: focal individuals were more likely to emerge from a refuge if group members who were the same genotype as the focal remained inside for longer. By contrast, focal individuals were less likely to emerge from a refuge if partner-genotype group members remained inside for longer. Exploratory behaviour also depended on the identities of both genotypes that composed the group. Together, these findings demonstrate genotype-by-genotype epistasis for exploratory behaviour both within and among groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison Jaffe
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Madeline P Burns
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | - Julia B Saltz
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hughes AM, Reding DM, Tucker SA, Gosselink TE, Clark WR. Dispersal of juvenile bobcats in a recolonizing population. J Wildl Manage 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dawn M. Reding
- Department of BiologyLuther College Decorah IA 52101 USA
| | | | | | - William R. Clark
- Department of EcologyEvolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Little CM, Chapman TW, Hillier NK. Considerations for Insect Learning in Integrated Pest Management. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2019; 19:6. [PMID: 31313814 PMCID: PMC6635889 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iez064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The past 100 yr have seen dramatic philosophical shifts in our approach to controlling or managing pest species. The introduction of integrated pest management in the 1970s resulted in the incorporation of biological and behavioral approaches to preserve ecosystems and reduce reliance on synthetic chemical pesticides. Increased understanding of the local ecosystem, including its structure and the biology of its species, can improve efficacy of integrated pest management strategies. Pest management strategies incorporating insect learning paradigms to control insect pests or to use insects to control other pests can mediate risk to nontarget insects, including pollinators. Although our understanding of insect learning is in its early stages, efforts to integrate insect learning into pest management strategies have been promising. Due to considerable differences in cognitive abilities among insect species, a case-by-case assessment is needed for each potential application of insect learning within a pest management strategy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Little
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - Thomas W Chapman
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador, St. John’s, NL, Canada
| | - N Kirk Hillier
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Reinhardt I, Kluth G, Nowak C, Szentiks CA, Krone O, Ansorge H, Mueller T. Military training areas facilitate the recolonization of wolves in Germany. Conserv Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/conl.12635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ilka Reinhardt
- Lupus – German Institute for Wolf Monitoring and Research Spreewitz Germany
- Goethe‐University Frankfurt am Main Department of Biological Sciences Germany
| | - Gesa Kluth
- Lupus – German Institute for Wolf Monitoring and Research Spreewitz Germany
| | - Carsten Nowak
- Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt Gelnhausen Germany
| | - Claudia A. Szentiks
- Leibniz‐Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research Department of Wildlife Diseases Berlin Germany
| | - Oliver Krone
- Leibniz‐Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research Department of Wildlife Diseases Berlin Germany
| | | | - Thomas Mueller
- Goethe‐University Frankfurt am Main Department of Biological Sciences Germany
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre Frankfurt am Main Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Larue B, Côté SD, St‐Laurent M, Dussault C, Leblond M. Natal habitat preference induction in large mammals-Like mother, like child? Ecol Evol 2018; 8:12629-12640. [PMID: 30619569 PMCID: PMC6309006 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Habitat selection has received considerable attention from ecologists during the last decades, yet the underlying forces shaping individual differences in habitat selection are poorly documented. Some of these differences could be explained by the early experience of individuals in their natal habitat. By selecting habitat attributes like those encountered early in life, individuals could improve resource acquisition, survival, and ultimately fitness. This behavior, known as natal habitat preference induction (NHPI), could be particularly common in large mammals, because offspring generally stay with their mother for an extended period. We used three complementary approaches to assess NHPI in a marked population of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou): (a) population-based resource selection functions (RSFs), (b) individual-based RSFs, and (c) behavioral repeatability analyses. All approaches compared the behavior of calves in their natal range to their behavior as independent subadults during the snow-covered (Dec-Apr) and snow-free (May-Nov) seasons. Using RSFs, we found that the magnitude of habitat selection between calf and subadult stages differed for most covariates, yet the signs of statistically significant effects (selection vs. avoidance) were generally the same. We also found that some habitat selection tactics were highly repeatable across life stages. Notably, caribou responses to habitat disturbances were highly repeatable year-round, meaning that different individuals reacted differently, but consistently, to disturbances. This study highlights the potential role of natal habitat preference induction in shaping individual differences in habitat selection in large mammals and provides valuable knowledge for the management and conservation of a threatened species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Larue
- Département de biologieUniversité LavalQuébecQuébecCanada
- Present address:
Département de biologieUniversité de SherbrookeSherbrookeQuébecCanada
| | - Steeve D. Côté
- Département de biologie and Centre for Northern StudiesUniversité LavalQuébecQuébecCanada
| | - Martin‐Hugues St‐Laurent
- Département de biologie, chimie et géographie, Centre for Northern Studies, and Centre for Forest ResearchUniversité du Québec à RimouskiRimouskiQuébecCanada
| | - Christian Dussault
- Direction de l’expertise sur la faune terrestre, l’herpétofaune et l’avifauneMinistère des Forêts, de la Faune et des ParcsQuébecQuébecCanada
| | - Mathieu Leblond
- Département de biologie and Centre for Northern StudiesUniversité LavalQuébecQuébecCanada
- Present address:
Environment and Climate Change Canada, Science and Technology BranchOttawaOntarioCanada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Holtmann B, Santos ESA, Lara CE, Nakagawa S. Personality-matching habitat choice, rather than behavioural plasticity, is a likely driver of a phenotype-environment covariance. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2017.0943. [PMID: 28978725 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.0943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An emerging hypothesis of animal personality posits that animals choose the habitat that best fits their personality, and that the match between habitat and personality can facilitate population differentiation, and eventually speciation. However, behavioural plasticity and the adjustment of behaviours to new environments have been a classical explanation for such matching patterns. Using a population of dunnocks (Prunella modularis), we empirically tested whether personality or behavioural plasticity is responsible for the non-random distribution of shy and bold individuals in a heterogeneous environment. We found evidence for bold individuals settling in areas with high human disturbance, but also that birds became bolder with increasing age. Importantly, personality primarily determines the distribution of individuals, and behavioural adjustment over time contributes very little to the observed patterns. We cannot, however, exclude a possibility of very early behavioural plasticity (a type of developmental plasticity) shaping what we refer to as 'personality'. Nonetheless, our findings highlight the role personality plays in shaping population structure, lending support to the theory of personality-mediated speciation. Moreover, personality-matching habitat choice has important implications for population management and conservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Holtmann
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, 340 Great King Street, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand .,Division of Evolutionary Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Großhaderner Straße 2, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Eduardo S A Santos
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, 340 Great King Street, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.,BECO do Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Rua do Matão, trav. 14, no. 321, São Paulo, SP 05508-090, Brazil
| | - Carlos E Lara
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, 340 Great King Street, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, 340 Great King Street, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand.,Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lhomme P, Carrasco D, Larsson M, Hansson B, Anderson P. A context-dependent induction of natal habitat preference in a generalist herbivorous insect. Behav Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arx173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Lhomme
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Division of Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Alnarp, Sweden
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Jena, Germany
| | - David Carrasco
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Division of Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Mattias Larsson
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Division of Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Alnarp, Sweden
| | - Bill Hansson
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Division of Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Alnarp, Sweden
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Evolutionary Neuroethology, Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Anderson
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Division of Chemical Ecology, Department of Plant Protection Biology, Alnarp, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Merrick MJ, Koprowski JL. Evidence of natal habitat preference induction within one habitat type. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 283:rspb.2016.2106. [PMID: 27807266 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.2106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Natal habitat preference induction (NHPI) is a mechanism for habitat selection by individuals during natal dispersal. NHPI occurs in wild animal populations, and evidence suggests it may be a common, although little studied, mechanism for post-dispersal habitat selection. Most tests of NHPI examine the influence of distinct, contrasting natal habitat types on post-dispersal habitat selection. We test the hypothesis that NHPI can occur within a single habitat type, an important consideration for habitat specialists. The Mount Graham red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus grahamensis) is an endangered forest obligate restricted to a single mountain primarily within mixed-conifer forest. We test for NHPI by comparing intra-individual differences in natal and settlement habitat structure and composition to expected random pairwise differences. Dispersing juveniles appear to select settlement locations that are more similar to natal areas than expected in several forest structure and composition variables that include canopy cover and live basal area. Our results provide support for NHPI as a mechanism for post-dispersal habitat selection in habitat specialists that occupy a single vegetation community type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J Merrick
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, Wildlife Conservation and Management, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - John L Koprowski
- School of Natural Resources and the Environment, Wildlife Conservation and Management, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lohman BK, Stutz WE, Bolnick DI. Gene expression stasis and plasticity following migration into a foreign environment. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:4657-4670. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian K. Lohman
- Department of Integrative Biology; University of Texas at Austin; Austin TX USA
| | - William E. Stutz
- Office of Institutional Research; Western Michigan University; Kalamazoo MI USA
| | - Daniel I. Bolnick
- Department of Integrative Biology; University of Texas at Austin; Austin TX USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Fletcher RJ, Robertson EP, Wilcox RC, Reichert BE, Austin JD, Kitchens WM. Affinity for natal environments by dispersers impacts reproduction and explains geographical structure of a highly mobile bird. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 282:rspb.2015.1545. [PMID: 26336178 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.1545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding dispersal and habitat selection behaviours is central to many problems in ecology, evolution and conservation. One factor often hypothesized to influence habitat selection by dispersers is the natal environment experienced by juveniles. Nonetheless, evidence for the effect of natal environment on dispersing, wild vertebrates remains limited. Using 18 years of nesting and mark-resight data across an entire North American geographical range of an endangered bird, the snail kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis), we tested for natal effects on breeding-site selection by dispersers and its consequences for reproductive success and population structure. Dispersing snail kites were more likely to nest in wetlands of the same habitat type (lacustrine or palustrine) as their natal wetland, independent of dispersal distance, but this preference declined with age and if individuals were born during droughts. Importantly, dispersing kites that bred in natal-like habitats had lower nest success and productivity than kites that did not. These behaviours help explain recently described population connectivity and spatial structure across their geographical range and reveal that assortative breeding is occurring, where birds are more likely to breed with individuals born in the same wetland type as their natal habitat. Natal environments can thus have long-term and large-scale effects on populations in nature, even in highly mobile animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Fletcher
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Ellen P Robertson
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Rebecca C Wilcox
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Brian E Reichert
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - James D Austin
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Wiley M Kitchens
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Gyllenberg M, Kisdi É, Weigang HC. On the evolution of patch-type dependent immigration. J Theor Biol 2016; 395:115-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2016.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
22
|
Is host selection influenced by natal and adult experience in the parasitoid Necremnus tutae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)? Anim Behav 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
|
23
|
Holt RD, Barfield M. The influence of imperfect matching habitat choice on evolution in source–sink environments. Evol Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-015-9789-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
24
|
Differences in foraging ecology align with genetically divergent ecotypes of a highly mobile marine top predator. Oecologia 2015; 179:1041-52. [PMID: 26307593 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-015-3424-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Foraging differentiation within a species can contribute to restricted gene flow between ecologically different groups, promoting ecological speciation. Galapagos sea lions (Zalophus wollebaeki) show genetic and morphological divergence between the western and central archipelago, possibly as a result of an ecologically mediated contrast in the marine habitat. We use global positioning system (GPS) data, time-depth recordings (TDR), stable isotope and scat data to compare foraging habitat characteristics, diving behaviour and diet composition of Galapagos sea lions from a western and a central colony. We consider both juvenile and adult life stages to assess the potential role of ontogenetic shifts that can be crucial in shaping foraging behaviour and habitat choice for life. We found differences in foraging habitat use, foraging style and diet composition that aligned with genetic differentiation. These differences were consistent between juvenile and adult sea lions from the same colony, overriding age-specific behavioural differences. Our study contributes to an understanding of the complex interaction of ecological condition, plastic behavioural response and genetic make-up of interconnected populations.
Collapse
|
25
|
Reader SM. Causes of Individual Differences in Animal Exploration and Search. Top Cogn Sci 2015; 7:451-68. [DOI: 10.1111/tops.12148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2012] [Revised: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
26
|
Nowak EM, Schuett GW, Theimer TC, Sisk TD, Nishikawa K. Does short-term provisioning of resources to prey result in behavioral shifts by rattlesnakes? J Wildl Manage 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Erika M. Nowak
- Colorado Plateau Research Station; Northern Arizona University; Box 5614 Flagstaff AZ 86011 USA
| | - Gordon W. Schuett
- Department of Biology and Center for Behavioral Neuroscience; Georgia State University; 33 Gilmer Street, S.E., Unit 8 Atlanta GA 30303-3088 USA
| | - Tad C. Theimer
- Department of Biological Sciences; Northern Arizona University; Box 5640 Flagstaff AZ 86011 USA
| | - Thomas D. Sisk
- Department of Environmental Sciences; Northern Arizona University; Box 5694 Flagstaff AZ 86011 USA
| | - Kiisa Nishikawa
- Department of Biological Sciences; Northern Arizona University; Box 5640 Flagstaff AZ 86011 USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Semiochemicals To Monitor Insect Pests – Future Opportunities for an Effective Host Plant Volatile Blend To Attract Navel Orangeworm in Pistachio Orchards. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2014-1172.ch014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
|
28
|
Ousterhout BH, Luhring TM, Semlitsch RD. No evidence of natal habitat preference induction in juveniles with complex life histories. Anim Behav 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
29
|
Van Allen BG, Bhavsar P. Natal habitat effects drive density-dependent scaling of dispersal decisions. OIKOS 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.01240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
30
|
Moore JA, Draheim HM, Etter D, Winterstein S, Scribner KT. Application of large-scale parentage analysis for investigating natal dispersal in highly vagile vertebrates: a case study of American black bears (Ursus americanus). PLoS One 2014; 9:e91168. [PMID: 24621593 PMCID: PMC3951290 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the factors that affect dispersal is a fundamental question in ecology and conservation biology, particularly as populations are faced with increasing anthropogenic impacts. Here we collected georeferenced genetic samples (n = 2,540) from three generations of black bears (Ursus americanus) harvested in a large (47,739 km2), geographically isolated population and used parentage analysis to identify mother-offspring dyads (n = 337). We quantified the effects of sex, age, habitat type and suitability, and local harvest density at the natal and settlement sites on the probability of natal dispersal, and on dispersal distances. Dispersal was male-biased (76% of males dispersed) but a small proportion (21%) of females also dispersed, and female dispersal distances (mean ± SE = 48.9±7.7 km) were comparable to male dispersal distances (59.0±3.2 km). Dispersal probabilities and dispersal distances were greatest for bears in areas with high habitat suitability and low harvest density. The inverse relationship between dispersal and harvest density in black bears suggests that 1) intensive harvest promotes restricted dispersal, or 2) high black bear population density decreases the propensity to disperse. Multigenerational genetic data collected over large landscape scales can be a powerful means of characterizing dispersal patterns and causal associations with demographic and landscape features in wild populations of elusive and wide-ranging species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Moore
- Biology Department, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Hope M. Draheim
- Department of Zoology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Dwayne Etter
- Wildlife Division, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Scott Winterstein
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kim T. Scribner
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Goodman BA, Schwarzkopf L, Krockenberger AK. Phenotypic Integration in Response to Incubation Environment Adaptively Influences Habitat Choice in a Tropical Lizard. Am Nat 2013; 182:666-73. [DOI: 10.1086/673299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
32
|
Dixson DL, Jones GP, Munday PL, Planes S, Pratchett MS, Thorrold SR. Experimental evaluation of imprinting and the role innate preference plays in habitat selection in a coral reef fish. Oecologia 2013; 174:99-107. [PMID: 23996231 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-013-2755-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
When facing decisions about where to live, juveniles have a strong tendency to choose habitats similar to where their parents successfully bred. Developing larval fishes can imprint on the chemical cues from their natal habitat. However, to demonstrate that imprinting is ecologically important, it must be shown that settlers respond and distinguish among different imprinted cues, and use imprinting for decisions in natural environments. In addition, the potential role innate preferences play compared to imprinted choices also needs to be examined. As environmental variability increases due to anthropogenic causes these two recognition mechanisms, innate and imprinting, could provide conflicting information. Here we used laboratory rearing and chemical choice experiments to test imprinting in larval anemonefish (Amphiprion percula). Individuals exposed to a variety of benthic habitat or novel olfactory cues as larvae either developed a preference for (spent >50% of their time in the cue) or increased their attraction to (increased preference but did not spend >50% of their time in the cue) the cue when re-exposed as settlers. Results indicate not only the capacity for imprinting but also the ability to adjust innate preferences after early exposure to a chemical cue. To test ecological relevance in the natural system, recruits were collected from anemones and related to their parents, using genetic parentage analysis, providing information on the natal anemone species and the species chosen at settlement. Results demonstrated that recruits did not preferentially return to their natal species, conflicting with laboratory results indicating the importance imprinting might have in habitat recognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L Dixson
- School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, 4811, Townsville, QLD, Australia,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Tremmel M, Müller C. The consequences of alternating diet on performance and food preferences of a specialist leaf beetle. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 59:840-847. [PMID: 23727303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The food quality of a given host plant tissue will influence the performance and may also affect the preference behavior of herbivorous animals. As nutrient contents and defense metabolite concentrations can vary significantly between different parts of a plant and change over time, herbivores are potentially confronted with diet differing in quality even when feeding on a single plant individual. Here we investigated to what extent feeding exclusively either on young or old, mature leaves of Brassica rapa or on a mixed diet of young and old leaves offered in alternating order affects the larval performance, food consumption, and the host preference behavior of adult mustard leaf beetles, Phaedon cochleariae. Analyzing different leaf quality traits, we found lower water contents, no changes in C:N ratio but more than threefold higher glucosinolate concentrations in young compared to old leaves. Individuals reared on mixed diet performed as well as animals reared on young leaves. Thus, compared to animals feeding exclusively on highly nutritious young leaves, diet-mixing individuals may balance the lower nutrient intake by a dilution of adverse secondary metabolites. Alternatively, they may integrate over the variation in their food, using a previously assimilated resource for growth at times of scarcity. Animals reared on old leaves grew less and had a prolonged larval developmental time, although they showed increased consumption indicating compensatory feeding. Additionally, we found that experience with a certain diet affected the preference behavior. Whereas individuals reared exclusively on young leaves preferred young over old leaves for feeding and oviposition, we did not find any preferences by animals reared exclusively on old leaves or by females reared on alternating diet. Thus, in contrast to positive feedbacks for animals reared on young leaves, an integrative growth of diet-mixing individuals potentially leads to a lack of feedback during development. Taken together, our results suggest that different diet regimes can lead to comparable performance of mustard leaf beetles but experienced feedbacks may differ and thus convey distinct diet preferences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Tremmel
- Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Piper WH, Palmer MW, Banfield N, Meyer MW. Can settlement in natal-like habitat explain maladaptive habitat selection? Proc Biol Sci 2013; 280:20130979. [PMID: 23804619 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2013.0979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of habitat selection has long been influenced by the ideal free model, which maintains that young adults settle in habitat according to its inherent quality and the density of conspecifics within it. The model has gained support in recent years from the finding that conspecifics produce cues inadvertently that help prebreeders locate good habitat. Yet abundant evidence shows that animals often fail to occupy habitats that ecologists have identified as those of highest quality, leading to the conclusion that young animals settle on breeding spaces by means not widely understood. Here, we report that a phenomenon virtually unknown in nature, natal habitat preference induction (NHPI), is a strong predictor of territory settlement in both male and female common loons (Gavia immer). NHPI causes young animals to settle on natal-like breeding spaces, but not necessarily those that maximize reproductive success. If widespread, NHPI might explain apparently maladaptive habitat settlement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walter H Piper
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Chapman University, Orange, CA 92866, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bennett VA, Doerr VAJ, Doerr ED, Manning AD, Lindenmayer DB, Yoon HJ. Habitat selection and post-release movement of reintroduced brown treecreeper individuals in restored temperate woodland. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50612. [PMID: 23227192 PMCID: PMC3515574 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is essential to choose suitable habitat when reintroducing a species into its former range. Habitat quality may influence an individual’s dispersal decisions and also ultimately where they choose to settle. We examined whether variation in habitat quality (quantified by the level of ground vegetation cover and the installation of nest boxes) influenced the movement, habitat choice and survival of a reintroduced bird species. We experimentally reintroduced seven social groups (43 individuals) of the brown treecreeper (Climacteris picumnus) into two nature reserves in south-eastern Australia. We radio-tracked 18 brown treecreepers from release in November 2009 until February 2010. We observed extensive movements by individuals irrespective of the release environment or an individual’s gender. This indicated that individuals were capable of dispersing and actively selecting optimum habitat. This may alleviate pressure on wildlife planners to accurately select the most optimum release sites, so long as the species’ requirements are met. There was significant variation in movement between social groups, suggesting that social factors may be a more important influence on movement than habitat characteristics. We found a significant effect of ground vegetation cover on the likelihood of settlement by social groups, with high rates of settlement and survival in dry forests, rather than woodland (where the species typically resides), which has implications for the success of woodland restoration. However, overall the effects of variation in habitat quality were not as strong as we had expected, and resulted in some unpredicted effects such as low survival and settlement in woodland areas with medium levels of ground vegetation cover. The extensive movement by individuals and unforeseen effects of habitat characteristics make it difficult to predict the outcome of reintroductions, the movement behaviour and habitat selection of reintroduced individuals, particularly when based on current knowledge of a species’ ecology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A Bennett
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Webster B, Qvarfordt E, Olsson U, Glinwood R. Different roles for innate and learnt behavioral responses to odors in insect host location. Behav Ecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/ars172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
37
|
Messier GD, Garant D, Bergeron P, Réale D. Environmental conditions affect spatial genetic structures and dispersal patterns in a solitary rodent. Mol Ecol 2012; 21:5363-73. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Dubuc Messier
- Département des Sciences Biologiques; Université du Québec à Montréal; CP-8888 Succursale Centre-Ville; Montréal; QC; Canada; H3C 3P8
| | - Dany Garant
- Département de Biologie; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke; QC; Canada; J1K 2R1
| | - Patrick Bergeron
- Département de Biologie; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke; QC; Canada; J1K 2R1
| | - Denis Réale
- Département des Sciences Biologiques; Université du Québec à Montréal; CP-8888 Succursale Centre-Ville; Montréal; QC; Canada; H3C 3P8
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Huijbers CM, Nagelkerken I, Lössbroek PAC, Schulten IE, Siegenthaler A, Holderied MW, Simpson SD. A test of the senses: fish select novel habitats by responding to multiple cues. Ecology 2012; 93:46-55. [PMID: 22486086 DOI: 10.1890/10-2236.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Habitat-specific cues play an important role in orientation for animals that move through a mosaic of habitats. Environmental cues can be imprinted upon during early life stages to guide later return to adult habitats, yet many species must orient toward suitable habitats without previous experience of the habitat. It is hypothesized that multiple sensory cues may enable animals to differentiate between habitats in a sequential order relevant to the spatial scales over which the different types of information are conveyed, but previous research, especially for marine organisms, has mainly focused on the use of single cues in isolation. In this study, we investigated novel habitat selection through the use of three different sensory modalities (hearing, vision, and olfaction). Our model species, the French grunt, Haemulon flavolineatum, is a mangrove/seagrass-associated reef fish species that makes several habitat transitions during early life. Using several in situ and ex situ experiments, we tested the response of fish toward auditory, olfactory, and visual cues from four different habitats (seagrass beds, mangroves, rubble, and coral reef). We identified receptivity to multiple sensory cues during the same life phase, and found that different cues induced different reactions toward the same habitat. For example, early-juvenile fish only responded to sound from coral reefs and to chemical cues from mangroves/seagrass beds, while visual cues of conspecifics overruled olfactory cues from mangrove/seagrass water. Mapping these preferences to the ecology of ontogenetic movements, our results suggest sequential cue use would indeed aid successful orientation to novel key habitats in early life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chantal M Huijbers
- Radboud University Nijmegen, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Department of Animal Ecology and Ecophysiology, Mailbox 31, P.O. Box 9010, 6500 GL Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Aslan C, Rejmanek M. Native fruit traits may mediate dispersal competition between native and non-native plants. NEOBIOTA 2012. [DOI: 10.3897/neobiota.12.2357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
40
|
Miller CW, Fletcher RJ, Anderson BD, Nguyen LD. Natal social environment influences habitat selection later in life. Anim Behav 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2011.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
41
|
|
42
|
Stroeymeyt N, Robinson EJH, Hogan PM, Marshall JAR, Giurfa M, Franks NR. Experience-dependent flexibility in collective decision making by house-hunting ants. Behav Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arr007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
43
|
Gyllenberg M, Kisdi É, Utz M. Variability within families and the evolution of body-condition-dependent dispersal. JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DYNAMICS 2011; 5:191-211. [PMID: 22873439 DOI: 10.1080/17513758.2010.519403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In a population where body condition varies between and within families, we investigate the evolution of dispersal as a function of body condition ('strength', e.g. body size). Strong individuals are better competitors in a weighted lottery. If body condition does not influence survival during dispersal, then there is no unique evolutionarily stable strategy. Instead, there are infinitely many dispersal strategies that all lead to the same non-dispersing weight in a patch. These strategies are all selectively neutral but determine wildly different relationships between body condition and disposal probability. This may explain why there is no consistent pattern between body condition and dispersal found in empirical studies. If body condition influences survival during dispersal, then neutrality is removed and individuals with higher survival probability disperse. Dispersal may be the competitively weaker individuals if smaller body size helps to avoid dispersal risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mats Gyllenberg
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki , Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2b, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Lowe WH. Explaining long-distance dispersal: effects of dispersal distance on survival and growth in a stream salamander. Ecology 2011; 91:3008-15. [PMID: 21058560 DOI: 10.1890/09-1458.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Long-distance dispersal (LDD) may contribute disproportionately to range expansions, the creation of new evolutionary lineages, and species persistence in human-dominated landscapes. However, because data on the individual consequences of dispersal distance are extremely limited, we have little insight on how LDD is maintained in natural populations. I used six years of spatially explicit capture-mark-recapture (CMR) data to test the prediction that individual performance increases with dispersal distance in the stream salamander Gyrinophilus porphyriticus. Dispersal distance was total distance moved along the 1-km study stream, ranging from 0 to 565 m. To quantify individual performance, I used CMR estimates of survival and individual growth rates based on change in body length. Survival and growth rates increased significantly with dispersal distance. These relationships were not confounded by pre-dispersal body condition or by ecological gradients along the stream. Individual benefits of LDD were likely caused by an increase in the upper limit of settlement site quality with dispersal distance. My results do not support the view that the fitness consequences of LDD are unpredictable and instead suggest that consistent evolutionary mechanisms may explain the prevalence of LDD in nature. They also highlight the value of direct CMR data for understanding the individual consequences of variation in dispersal distance and how that variation is maintained in natural populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Winsor H Lowe
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Beckerman A, Petchey OL, Morin PJ. Adaptive foragers and community ecology: linking individuals to communities and ecosystems. Funct Ecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01673.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
46
|
Stamps JA, Krishnan VV, Willits NH. How different types of natal experience affect habitat preference. Am Nat 2009; 174:623-30. [PMID: 19775241 DOI: 10.1086/644526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In many animals, exposure to cues in a natal habitat increases disperser preferences for those cues (natal habitat preference induction [NHPI]), but the proximate and ultimate bases for this phenomenon are obscure. We developed a Bayesian model to study how different types of experience in the natal habitat and survival to the age/stage of dispersal interact to affect a disperser's estimate of the quality of new natal-type habitats. The model predicts that the types of experience a disperser had before leaving its natal habitat will affect the attractiveness of cues from new natal-type habitats and that favorable experiences will increase the level of preference for natal-type habitats more than unfavorable experiences will decrease it. An experimental study of NHPI in Drosophila melanogaster provided with "good" and "bad" experiences in their natal habitats supports these predictions while also indicating that the effects of different types of natal experience on NHPI vary across genotypes. If habitat preferences are modulated by an individual's experience before dispersal as described in this study, then NHPI may have stronger effects on sympatric speciation, metapopulation dynamics, conservation biology, and pest management than previously supposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judy A Stamps
- Section of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
|
48
|
Ravigné V, Dieckmann U, Olivieri I. Live where you thrive: joint evolution of habitat choice and local adaptation facilitates specialization and promotes diversity. Am Nat 2009; 174:E141-69. [PMID: 19737113 DOI: 10.1086/605369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We derive a comprehensive overview of specialization evolution based on analytical results and numerical illustrations. We study the separate and joint evolution of two critical facets of specialization-local adaptation and habitat choice-under different life cycles, modes of density regulation, variance-covariance structures, and trade-off strengths. A particular feature of our analysis is the investigation of arbitrary trade-off functions. We find that local-adaptation evolution qualitatively changes the outcome of habitat-choice evolution under a wide range of conditions. In addition, habitat-choice evolution qualitatively and invariably changes the outcomes of local-adaptation evolution whenever trade-offs are weak. Even weak trade-offs, which favor generalists when habitat choice is fixed, select for specialists once local adaptation and habitat choice are both allowed to evolve. Unless trapped by maladaptive genetic constraints, joint evolution of local adaptation and habitat choice in the models analyzed here thus always leads to specialists, independent of life cycle, density regulation, and trade-off strength, thus raising the bar for evolutionarily sound explanations of generalism. Whether a single specialist or two specialists evolve depends on the life cycle and the mode of density regulation. Finally, we explain why the gradual evolutionary emergence of coexisting specialists requires more restrictive conditions than does their evolutionarily stable maintenance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginie Ravigné
- Université Montpellier 2, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, F-34095 Montpellier, France.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Bolnick DI, Snowberg LK, Patenia C, Stutz WE, Ingram T, Lau OL. Phenotype-dependent native habitat preference facilitates divergence between parapatric lake and stream stickleback. Evolution 2009; 63:2004-16. [PMID: 19473386 DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009.00699.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Adaptive divergence between adjoining populations reflects a balance between the diversifying effect of divergent selection and the potentially homogenizing effect of gene flow. In most models of migration-selection balance, gene flow is assumed to reflect individuals' inherent capacity to disperse, without regard to the match between individuals' phenotypes and the available habitats. However, habitat preferences can reduce dispersal between contrasting habitats, thereby alleviating migration load and facilitating adaptive divergence. We tested whether habitat preferences contribute to adaptive divergence in a classic example of migration-selection balance: parapatric lake and stream populations of three-spine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Using a mark-transplant-recapture experiment on morphologically divergent parapatric populations, we showed that 90% of lake and stream stickleback returned to their native habitat, reducing migration between habitats by 76%. Furthermore, we found that dispersal into a nonnative habitat was phenotype dependent. Stream fish moving into the lake were morphologically more lake-like than those returning to the stream (and the converse for lake fish entering the stream). The strong native habitat preference documented here increases the extent of adaptive divergence between populations two- to fivefold relative to expectations with random movement. These results illustrate the potential importance of adaptive habitat choice in driving parapatric divergence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel I Bolnick
- Section of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Stamps J, Luttbeg B, Krishnan VV. Effects of survival on the attractiveness of cues to natal dispersers. Am Nat 2009; 173:41-6. [PMID: 19090706 DOI: 10.1086/593306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Habitat selection by natal dispersers is one of several contexts in which preexisting biases interact with experience to affect the attractiveness of cues from biologically significant items. Here we use a Bayesian approach to explore the conditions that favor this phenomenon. We demonstrate that the simplest possible type of natal experience--namely, survival to the age/stage of dispersal--can increase the attractiveness of cues from an individual's natal habitat relative to the attractiveness of those same cues to naive individuals. The effects of survivorship on cue attractiveness are strongest when the quality of the habitat that produces that cue varies widely across large spatial or temporal scales, when that type of habitat is rarely of high quality, and when offspring survivorship provides a reliable indication of the quality of that type of habitat at the current time and locality. More generally, the framework outlined here may also apply to other situations in which extended exposure to cues early in life increases the attractiveness of those cues later in life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Judy Stamps
- Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|