1
|
Maziarz M, Broughton RK, Beck KB, Robinson RA, Sheldon BC. Temporal avoidance as a means of reducing competition between sympatric species. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:230521. [PMID: 37234500 PMCID: PMC10206457 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Human activity has modified the availability of natural resources and the abundance of species that rely on them, potentially changing interspecific competition dynamics. Here, we use large-scale automated data collection to quantify spatio-temporal competition among species with contrasting population trends. We focus on the spatial and temporal foraging behaviour of subordinate marsh tits Poecile palustris among groups of socially and numerically dominant blue tits Cyanistes caeruleus and great tits Parus major. The three species exploit similar food resources in mixed groups during autumn-winter. Using 421 077 winter recordings of individually marked birds at 65 automated feeding stations in Wytham Woods (Oxfordshire, UK), we found that marsh tits were less likely to join larger groups of heterospecifics, and they accessed food less frequently in larger groups than in smaller ones. Marsh tit numbers within groups declined throughout the diurnal and winter periods, while the number of blue and great tits increased. However, sites that attracted larger groups of these heterospecifics also attracted more marsh tits. The results suggest that subordinate species exhibit temporal avoidance of socially and numerically dominant heterospecifics, but have limited ability for spatial avoidance, indicating that behavioural plasticity enables only a partial reduction of interspecific competition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Maziarz
- Edward Grey Institute, Department of Biology, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3SZ, UK
- Polish Academy of Sciences, Museum and Institute of Zoology, Wilcza 64, Warsaw 00-679, Poland
| | - Richard K. Broughton
- Edward Grey Institute, Department of Biology, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3SZ, UK
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Wallingford OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Kristina B. Beck
- Edward Grey Institute, Department of Biology, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3SZ, UK
| | | | - Ben C. Sheldon
- Edward Grey Institute, Department of Biology, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3SZ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ogino M, Strauss ED, Farine DR. Challenges of mismatching timescales in longitudinal studies of collective behaviour. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220064. [PMID: 36802775 PMCID: PMC9939264 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
How individuals' prior experience and population evolutionary history shape emergent patterns in animal collectives remains a major gap in the study of collective behaviour. One reason for this is that the processes that can shape individual contributions to collective actions can happen over very different timescales from each other and from the collective actions themselves, resulting in mismatched timescales. For example, a preference to move towards a specific patch might arise from phenotype, memory or physiological state. Although providing critical context to collective actions, bridging different timescales remains conceptually and methodologically challenging. Here, we briefly outline some of these challenges, and discuss existing approaches that have already generated insights into the factors shaping individual contributions in animal collectives. We then explore a case study of mismatching timescales-defining relevant group membership-by combining fine-scaled GPS tracking data and daily field census data from a wild population of vulturine guineafowl (Acryllium vulturinum). We show that applying different temporal definitions can produce different assignments of individuals into groups. These assignments can then have consequences when determining individuals' social history, and thus the conclusions we might draw on the impacts of the social environment on collective actions. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Collective behaviour through time'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Ogino
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Collective Behaviour, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
| | - Eli D. Strauss
- Department of Collective Behaviour, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Universitatsstrasse 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, 104 Natural Science Building, East Lansing, MI 48824-1115, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Damien R. Farine
- Department of Evolutionary and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Collective Behaviour, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, Australian National University, 46 Sullivans Creek Road, Canberra, ACT 2600, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wice EW, Saltz JB. Indirect genetic effects for social network structure in Drosophila melanogaster. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220075. [PMID: 36802774 PMCID: PMC9939268 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The position an individual holds in a social network is dependent on both its direct and indirect social interactions. Because social network position is dependent on the actions and interactions of conspecifics, it is likely that the genotypic composition of individuals within a social group impacts individuals' network positions. However, we know very little about whether social network positions have a genetic basis, and even less about how the genotypic makeup of a social group impacts network positions and structure. With ample evidence indicating that network positions influence various fitness metrics, studying how direct and indirect genetic effects shape network positions is crucial for furthering our understanding of how the social environment can respond to selection and evolve. Using replicate genotypes of Drosophila melanogaster fruit flies, we created social groups that varied in their genotypic makeup. Social groups were videoed, and networks were generated using motion-tracking software. We found that both an individual's own genotype and the genotypes of conspecifics in its social group affect its position within a social network. These findings provide an early example of how indirect genetic effects and social network theory can be linked, and shed new light on how quantitative genetic variation shapes the structure of social groups. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Collective behaviour through time'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Wesley Wice
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77005, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
McKinney AB, Barlow KN, Adams HE, White JL, Kellner KF, Ruhl PJ. Foraging Intensity of Tufted Titmice (Baeolophus bicolor) in Response to Feed Type and Extreme Winter Conditions. SOUTHEAST NAT 2023. [DOI: 10.1656/058.022.0107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jon L. White
- Department of Biology, Harding University, Searcy, AR 72149
| | - Kenneth F. Kellner
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Farine DR. Collective action in birds. Curr Biol 2022; 32:R1140-R1144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
6
|
Sehner S, Willems EP, Vinicus L, Migliano AB, van Schaik CP, Burkart JM. Problem-solving in groups of common marmosets ( Callithrix jacchus): more than the sum of its parts. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac168. [PMID: 36714869 PMCID: PMC9802434 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Human hypercooperativity and the emergence of division of labor enables us to solve problems not only effectively within a group but also collectively. Collective problem-solving occurs when groups perform better than the additive performance of separate individuals. Currently, it is unknown whether this is unique to humans. To investigate the evolutionary origin of collective problem-solving and potential precursors, we propose a continuum of group effects on problem-solving, from simple to complex ones, eventually culminating in collective problem-solving. We tested captive common marmosets with a series of problem-solving tasks, either alone or in a group. To test whether the performance of a group was more than the sum of its parts, we compared real groups to virtual groups (pooled scores of animals tested alone). Marmosets in real groups were both more likely to solve problems than marmosets within the virtual groups and to do so faster. Although individuals within real groups approached the problem faster, a reduction in neophobia was not sufficient to explain the greater success. Success within real groups arose because animals showed higher perseverance, especially after a fellow group member had found the solution in complex tasks. These results are consistent with the idea that group problem-solving evolved alongside a continuum, with performance improving beyond baseline as societies move from social tolerance to opportunities for diffusion of information to active exchange of information. We suggest that increasing interdependence and the adoption of cooperative breeding pushed our ancestors up this scale.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Erik P Willems
- Department of Anthropology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lucio Vinicus
- Department of Anthropology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrea B Migliano
- Department of Anthropology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carel P van Schaik
- Department of Anthropology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland,Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Language Evolution (ISLE), University of Zurich, Affolternstrasse 56, CH-8050 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Judith M Burkart
- Department of Anthropology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland,Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Language Evolution (ISLE), University of Zurich, Affolternstrasse 56, CH-8050 Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
(Gentry) Richardson KE, Roche DP, Mugel SG, Lancaster ND, Sieving KE, Freeberg TM, Lucas JR. Social dynamics of core members in mixed-species bird flocks change across a gradient of foraging habitat quality. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262385. [PMID: 35108278 PMCID: PMC8809581 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Social associations within mixed-species bird flocks can promote information flow about food availability and provide predator avoidance benefits. The relationship between flocking propensity, foraging habitat quality, and interspecific competition can be altered by human-induced habitat degradation. Here we take a close look at sociality within two ecologically important flock-leader (core) species, the Carolina chickadee (Poecile carolinensis) and tufted titmouse (Baeolophus bicolor), to better understand how degradation of foraging habitat quality affects mixed-species flocking dynamics. We compared interactions of free ranging wild birds across a gradient of foraging habitat quality in three managed forest remnants. Specifically, we examined aspects of the social network at each site, including network density, modularity, and species assortativity. Differences in the social networks between each end of our habitat gradient suggest that elevated levels of interspecific association are more valuable in the habitat with low quality foraging conditions. This conclusion is supported by two additional findings: First, foraging height for the subordinate Carolina chickadee relative to the tufted titmouse decreased with an increase in the number of satellite species in the most disturbed site but not in the other two sites. Second, the chickadee gargle call rate, an acoustic signal emitted during agonistic encounters between conspecifics, was relatively higher at the high-quality site. Collectively, these results suggest an increase in heterospecific associations increases the value of cross-species information flow in degraded habitats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel P. Roche
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Stephen G. Mugel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Nolan D. Lancaster
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Kathryn E. Sieving
- Department of Wildlife Ecology & Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Todd M. Freeberg
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey R. Lucas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Mangioni SE, dell'Erba MG, Combi B. Structure formation in a conserved mass model of a set of individuals interacting with attractive and repulsive forces. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:014212. [PMID: 34412252 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.014212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We study a set of interacting individuals that conserve their total mass. In order to describe its dynamics we resort to mesoscopic equations of reaction diffusion including currents driven by attractive and repulsive forces. For the mass conservation we consider a linear response parameter that maintains the mass in the vicinity of a optimal value which is determined by the set. We use the reach and intensity of repulsive forces as control parameters. When sweeping a wide range of parameter space we find a great diversity of localized structures, stationary as well as other ones with cyclical and chaotic dynamics. We compare our results with real situations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergio E Mangioni
- IFIMAR (Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata and CONICET), Deán Funes 3350, B7602AYL Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Matías G dell'Erba
- IFIMAR (Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata and CONICET), Deán Funes 3350, B7602AYL Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - Bruno Combi
- IFIMAR (Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata and CONICET), Deán Funes 3350, B7602AYL Mar del Plata, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Chimento M, Alarcón-Nieto G, Aplin LM. Population turnover facilitates cultural selection for efficiency in birds. Curr Biol 2021; 31:2477-2483.e3. [PMID: 33826905 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.03.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Culture, defined as socially transmitted information and behaviors that are shared in groups and persist over time, is increasingly accepted to occur across a wide range of taxa and behavioral domains.1 While persistent, cultural traits are not necessarily static, and their distribution can change in frequency and type in response to selective pressures, analogous to that of genetic alleles. This has led to the treatment of culture as an evolutionary process, with cultural evolutionary theory arguing that culture exhibits the three fundamental components of Darwinian evolution: variation, competition, and inheritance.2-5 Selection for more efficient behaviors over alternatives is a crucial component of cumulative cultural evolution,6 yet our understanding of how and when such cultural selection occurs in non-human animals is limited. We performed a cultural diffusion experiment using 18 captive populations of wild-caught great tits (Parus major) to ask whether more efficient foraging traditions are selected for, and whether this process is affected by a fundamental demographic process-population turnover. Our results showed that gradual replacement of individuals with naive immigrants greatly increased the probability that a more efficient behavior invaded a population's cultural repertoire and outcompeted an established inefficient behavior. Fine-scale, automated behavioral tracking revealed that turnover did not increase innovation rates, but instead acted on adoption rates, as immigrants disproportionately sampled novel, efficient behaviors relative to available social information. These results provide strong evidence for cultural selection for efficiency in animals, and highlight the mechanism that links population turnover to this process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Chimento
- Cognitive and Cultural Ecology Lab, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany; Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, Konstanz University, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany; Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany.
| | - Gustavo Alarcón-Nieto
- Cognitive and Cultural Ecology Lab, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
| | - Lucy M Aplin
- Cognitive and Cultural Ecology Lab, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany; Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, Konstanz University, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Heinen VK, Pitera AM, Sonnenberg BR, Benedict LM, Bridge ES, Farine DR, Pravosudov VV. Food discovery is associated with different reliance on social learning and lower cognitive flexibility across environments in a food-caching bird. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20202843. [PMID: 34004135 PMCID: PMC8131126 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.2843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Social learning is a primary mechanism for information acquisition in social species. Despite many benefits, social learning may be disadvantageous when independent learning is more efficient. For example, searching independently may be more advantageous when food sources are ephemeral and unpredictable. Individual differences in cognitive abilities can also be expected to influence social information use. Specifically, better spatial memory can make a given environment more predictable for an individual by allowing it to better track food sources. We investigated how resident food-caching chickadees discovered multiple novel food sources in both harsher, less predictable high elevation and milder, more predictable low elevation winter environments. Chickadees at high elevation were faster at discovering multiple novel food sources and discovered more food sources than birds at low elevation. While birds at both elevations used social information, the contribution of social learning to food discovery was significantly lower at high elevation. At both elevations, chickadees with better spatial cognitive flexibility were slower at discovering food sources, likely because birds with lower spatial cognitive flexibility are worse at tracking natural resources and therefore spend more time exploring. Overall, our study supported the prediction that harsh environments should favour less reliance on social learning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela M. Pitera
- Department of Biology, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA
| | | | | | - Eli S. Bridge
- Oklahoma Biological Survey, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA
| | - Damien R. Farine
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Collective Behaviour, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behaviour, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Welch M, Schaerf TM, Murphy A. Collective states and their transitions in football. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251970. [PMID: 34029340 PMCID: PMC8143424 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Movement, positioning and coordination of player formations is a key aspect for the performance of teams within field-based sports. The increased availability of player tracking data has given rise to numerous studies that focus on the relationship between simple descriptive statistics surrounding team formation and performance. While these existing approaches have provided a high-level a view of team-based spatial formations, there is limited research on the nature of collective movement across players within teams and the establishment of stable collective states within game play. This study draws inspiration from the analysis of collective movement in nature, such as that observed within schools of fish and flocking birds, to explore the existence of collective states within the phases of play in soccer. Order parameters and metrics describing group motion and shape are derived from player movement tracks to uncover the nature of the team's collective states and transitions. This represents a unique addition to the current body of work around the analysis of player movement in team sports. The results from this study demonstrate that sequences of ordered collective behaviours exist with relatively rapid transitions between highly aligned polar and un-ordered swarm behaviours (and vice-versa). Defensive phases of play have a higher proportion of ordered team movement than attacking phases, indicating that movements linked with attacking tactics, such as player dispersion to generate passing and shooting opportunities leads to lower overall collective order. Exploration within this study suggests that defensive tactics, such as reducing the depth or width to close passing opportunities, allows for higher team movement speeds and increased levels of collective order. This study provides a novel view of player movement by visualising the collective states present across the phases of play in football.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Welch
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Timothy M. Schaerf
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aron Murphy
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Midwifery & Health, University of Notre Dame Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ogino M, Maldonado-Chaparro AA, Farine DR. Drivers of alloparental provisioning of fledglings in a colonially breeding bird. Behav Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/araa137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Reproduction is costly. Despite this, evidence suggests that parents sometimes feed unrelated offspring. Several hypotheses could explain this puzzling phenomenon. Adults could feed unrelated offspring that are 1) of their close social associates to facilitate these juveniles’ integration into their social network (the social inheritance hypothesis), 2) potential extrapair offspring, 3) at a similar developmental stage as their own, 4) coercing feeding by begging, or 5) less-developed (to enhance their survival, which could benefit the adult or its offspring; the group augmentation hypothesis). Colonial breeders are ideal for investigating the relative importance of these hypotheses because offspring are often kept in crèches where adults can exhibit allofeeding. Using automated monitoring of replicated captive zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) colonies, we found that while parents selectively fed their own offspring, they also consistently fed unrelated offspring (32.48% of feeding events). Social relationships among adults prior to breeding did not predict allofeeding, nor was allofeeding directed toward potential genetic offspring. Instead, adults with more-developed offspring preferentially fed less-developed non-offspring over non-offspring at a similar developmental stage as their own offspring, and this tendency was not explained by differences in begging behavior. Our study suggests that allofeeding is consistent with group augmentation, potentially benefiting adults through colony maintenance or increased offspring survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Ogino
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Department of Collective Behavior, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Adriana A Maldonado-Chaparro
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Department of Collective Behavior, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Damien R Farine
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Department of Collective Behavior, Max Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Harpaz R, Schneidman E. Social interactions drive efficient foraging and income equality in groups of fish. eLife 2020; 9:e56196. [PMID: 32838839 PMCID: PMC7492088 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The social interactions underlying group foraging and their benefits have been mostly studied using mechanistic models replicating qualitative features of group behavior, and focused on a single resource or a few clustered ones. Here, we tracked groups of freely foraging adult zebrafish with spatially dispersed food items and found that fish perform stereotypical maneuvers when consuming food, which attract neighboring fish. We then present a mathematical model, based on inferred functional interactions between fish, which accurately describes individual and group foraging of real fish. We show that these interactions allow fish to combine individual and social information to achieve near-optimal foraging efficiency and promote income equality within groups. We further show that the interactions that would maximize efficiency in these social foraging models depend on group size, but not on food distribution, and hypothesize that fish may adaptively pick the subgroup of neighbors they 'listen to' to determine their own behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roy Harpaz
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard UniversityCambridge MAUnited States
| | - Elad Schneidman
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovotIsrael
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Swift RJ, Anteau MJ, Roche EA, Sherfy MH, Toy DL, Ring MM. Asymmetric benefits of a heterospecific breeding association vary with habitat, conspecific abundance and breeding stage. OIKOS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/oik.07256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rose J. Swift
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center 8711 37th Street SE Jamestown ND 58401 USA
| | - Michael J. Anteau
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center 8711 37th Street SE Jamestown ND 58401 USA
| | - Erin A. Roche
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center 8711 37th Street SE Jamestown ND 58401 USA
- Idaho Dept of Fish and Game Boise ID USA
| | - Mark H. Sherfy
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center 8711 37th Street SE Jamestown ND 58401 USA
| | - Dustin L. Toy
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center 8711 37th Street SE Jamestown ND 58401 USA
| | - Megan M. Ring
- U.S. Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center 8711 37th Street SE Jamestown ND 58401 USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Information use in foraging flocks of songbirds: no evidence for social transmission of patch quality. Anim Behav 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2020.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
|
16
|
Abstract
Collective decisions can emerge from individual-level interactions between members of a group. These interactions are often seen as social feedback rules, whereby individuals copy the decisions they observe others making, creating a coherent group decision. The benefit of these behavioral rules to the individual agent can be understood as a transfer of information, whereby a focal individual learns about the world by gaining access to the information possessed by others. Previous studies have analyzed this exchange of information by assuming that all agents share common goals. While differences in information and differences in preferences have often been conflated, little is known about how differences between agents' underlying preferences affect the use and efficacy of social information. In this paper, I develop a model of social information use by rational agents with differing preferences, and demonstrate that the resulting collective behavior is strongly dependent on the structure of preference sharing within the group, as well as the quality of information in the environment. In particular, I show that strong social responses are expected by individuals that are habituated to noisy, uncertain environments where private information about the world is relatively weak. Furthermore, by investigating heterogeneous group structures, I demonstrate a potential influence of cryptic minority subgroups that may illuminate the empirical link between personality and leadership.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Mann
- Department of Statistics, School of Mathematics, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom;
- The Alan Turing Institute, London NW1 2DB, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Evans JC, Morand-Ferron J. The importance of preferential associations and group cohesion: constraint or optimality. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-019-2723-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
18
|
Komo L, Scanvion Q, Hedouin V, Charabidze D. Facing death together: heterospecific aggregations of blowfly larvae evince mutual benefits. Behav Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arz059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractHeterospecific aggregations and foraging associations have been observed between different species, from apes to birds to insects. Such associations are hypothesized to result in a mutually beneficial relationship entailing benefits that are not apparent in conspecific groupings. Therefore, the objectives of the present study were to investigate 1) how 3 blowfly species, namely, Calliphora vicina, Calliphora vomitoria, and Lucilia sericata, aggregate according to species, and 2) if developmental benefits are linked to heterospecific aggregation. For objective (1), larvae of 2 species were placed between 2 conspecific aggregates, each with a different species (i.e., a binary choice test). After 20 h, the positions of all larvae were determined. On average, 98% of the maggots added later settled together on one of the 2 pre-existing aggregations, demonstrating a collective choice. The aggregation spot with C. vicina was preferred against others, indicating different attractiveness of different species. To relate this behavior to its benefits (objective ii), C. vicina and L. sericata larvae were raised from first instar to adult in con- and heterospecific conditions, and their development time, mortality rates, and morphometrics were measured. Thereby, mutual and asymmetric consequences were observed: specifically, there were significant increases in size and survival for L. sericata and faster development for C. vicina in heterospecific groups. These results indicate that the predilection for heterospecific association leads to mutual developmental benefits. This heterospecific aggregation behavior may be a resource-management strategy of blowflies to face carrion-based selection pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Komo
- CHU Lille, EA 7367 - UTML - Unite de Taphonomie Medico-Legale, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Quentin Scanvion
- CHU Lille, EA 7367 - UTML - Unite de Taphonomie Medico-Legale, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Valéry Hedouin
- CHU Lille, EA 7367 - UTML - Unite de Taphonomie Medico-Legale, University of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Damien Charabidze
- CHU Lille, EA 7367 - UTML - Unite de Taphonomie Medico-Legale, University of Lille, Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Nair GG, Senthilnathan A, Iyer SK, Guttal V. Fission-fusion dynamics and group-size-dependent composition in heterogeneous populations. Phys Rev E 2019; 99:032412. [PMID: 30999543 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.99.032412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Many animal groups are heterogeneous and may even consist of individuals of different species, called mixed-species flocks. Mathematical and computational models of collective animal movement behavior, however, typically assume that groups and populations consist of identical individuals. In this paper, using the mathematical framework of the coagulation-fragmentation process, we develop and analyze a model of merge and split group dynamics, also called fission-fusion dynamics, for heterogeneous populations that contain two types (or species) of individuals. We assume that more heterogeneous groups experience higher split rates than homogeneous groups, forming two daughter groups whose compositions are drawn uniformly from all possible partitions. We analytically derive a master equation for group size and compositions and find mean-field steady-state solutions. We predict that there is a critical group size below which groups are more likely to be homogeneous and contain the abundant type or species. Despite the propensity of heterogeneous groups to split at higher rates, we find that groups are more likely to be heterogeneous but only above the critical group size. Monte Carlo simulation of the model show excellent agreement with these analytical model results. Thus, our model makes a testable prediction that composition of flocks are group-size-dependent and do not merely reflect the population level heterogeneity. We discuss the implications of our results to empirical studies on flocking systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gokul G Nair
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560 012, India.,Center for Applied Mathematics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - Athmanathan Senthilnathan
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560 012, India.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37916, USA
| | - Srikanth K Iyer
- Department of Mathematics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560 012, India
| | - Vishwesha Guttal
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, 560 012, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pruitt JN, McEwen BL, Cassidy ST, Najm GM, Pinter-Wollman N. Experimental evidence of frequency-dependent selection on group behaviour. Nat Ecol Evol 2019; 3:702-707. [PMID: 30911148 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-019-0852-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Evolutionary ecologists often seek to identify the mechanisms maintaining intraspecific variation. In social animals, whole groups can exhibit between-group differences in their collective traits. We examined whether negative frequency-dependent selection (that is, a rare-type advantage) could help to maintain between-group variation. We engineered neighbourhoods of social spider colonies bearing bold or shy foraging phenotypes and monitored their fecundity in situ. We found that bold colonies enjoyed a rare-type advantage that is lost as the frequency of bold colonies in a neighbourhood increases. The success of shy colonies was not frequency dependent. These dynamics seem to be driven by a foraging advantage of bold colonies that is lost in bold neighbourhoods because prey become scarce, and shy colonies perform better than bold colonies under low-resource conditions. Thus, to understand selection on collective traits, it is insufficient to examine groups in isolation. The phenotypic environment in which groups reside and compete must also be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan N Pruitt
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Marine Biology, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA. .,Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Brendan L McEwen
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience & Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steven T Cassidy
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Gabriella M Najm
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Noa Pinter-Wollman
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
George EA, Brockmann A. Social modulation of individual differences in dance communication in honey bees. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-019-2649-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
22
|
Hillemann F, Cole EF, Keen SC, Sheldon BC, Farine DR. Diurnal variation in the production of vocal information about food supports a model of social adjustment in wild songbirds. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 286:20182740. [PMID: 30963842 PMCID: PMC6408885 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2018.2740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wintering songbirds have been widely shown to make economic foraging decisions to manage the changing balance of risks from predation and starvation over the course of the day. In this study, we ask whether the communication and use of information about food availability differ throughout the day. First, we assessed temporal variation in food-related vocal information produced in foraging flocks of tits ( Paridae) using audio recordings at radio-frequency identification-equipped feeding stations. Vocal activity was highest in the morning and decreased into the afternoon. This pattern was not explained by there being fewer birds present, as we found that group sizes increased over the course of the day. Next, we experimentally tested the underlying causes for this diurnal calling pattern. We set up bird feeders with or without playback of calls from tits, either in the morning or in the afternoon, and compared latency to feeder discovery, accumulation of flock members, and total number of birds visiting the feeder. Irrespective of time of day, playbacks had a strong effect on all three response measures when compared to silent control trials, demonstrating that tits will readily use vocal information to improve food detection throughout the day. Thus, the diurnal pattern of foraging behaviour did not appear to affect use and production of food-related vocalizations. Instead, we suggest that, as the day progresses and foraging group sizes increase, the costs of producing calls at the food source (e.g. competition and attraction of predators) outweigh the benefits of recruiting group members (i.e. adding individuals to large groups only marginally increases safety in numbers), causing the observed decrease in vocal activity into the afternoon. Our findings imply that individuals make economic social adjustments based on conditions of their social environment when deciding to vocally recruit group members.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F. Hillemann
- Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
| | - E. F. Cole
- Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
| | - S. C. Keen
- Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
- Bioacoustics Research Program, Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - B. C. Sheldon
- Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
| | - D. R. Farine
- Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
- Department of Collective Behaviour, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
- Chair of Biodiversity and Collective Behaviour, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
- Centre for the Advanced Study of Collective Behaviour, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Torney CJ, Lamont M, Debell L, Angohiatok RJ, Leclerc LM, Berdahl AM. Inferring the rules of social interaction in migrating caribou. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2019; 373:rstb.2017.0385. [PMID: 29581404 PMCID: PMC5882989 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Social interactions are a significant factor that influence the decision-making of species ranging from humans to bacteria. In the context of animal migration, social interactions may lead to improved decision-making, greater ability to respond to environmental cues, and the cultural transmission of optimal routes. Despite their significance, the precise nature of social interactions in migrating species remains largely unknown. Here we deploy unmanned aerial systems to collect aerial footage of caribou as they undertake their migration from Victoria Island to mainland Canada. Through a Bayesian analysis of trajectories we reveal the fine-scale interaction rules of migrating caribou and show they are attracted to one another and copy directional choices of neighbours, but do not interact through clearly defined metric or topological interaction ranges. By explicitly considering the role of social information on movement decisions we construct a map of near neighbour influence that quantifies the nature of information flow in these herds. These results will inform more realistic, mechanism-based models of migration in caribou and other social ungulates, leading to better predictions of spatial use patterns and responses to changing environmental conditions. Moreover, we anticipate that the protocol we developed here will be broadly applicable to study social behaviour in a wide range of migratory and non-migratory taxa. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Collective movement ecology’.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Colin J Torney
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QW, UK .,Centre for Mathematics & the Environment, University of Exeter, Penryn TR10 9EZ, UK
| | - Myles Lamont
- TerraFauna Wildlife Consulting, 19313 Zero Avenue, Surrey, BC, Canada, V3Z 9R9.,Government of Nunavut, Department of Environment, Kugluktuk, NU, Canada, X0B 0E0
| | - Leon Debell
- Centre for Mathematics & the Environment, University of Exeter, Penryn TR10 9EZ, UK
| | | | - Lisa-Marie Leclerc
- Government of Nunavut, Department of Environment, Kugluktuk, NU, Canada, X0B 0E0
| | - Andrew M Berdahl
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA .,School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Boulay J, Aubernon C, Ruxton GD, Hédouin V, Deneubourg JL, Charabidzé D. Mixed-species aggregations in arthropods. INSECT SCIENCE 2019; 26:2-19. [PMID: 28657138 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This review offers the first synthesis of the research on mixed-species groupings of arthropods and highlights the behavioral and evolutionary questions raised by such behavior. Mixed-species groups are commonly found in mammals and birds. Such groups are also observed in a large range of arthropod taxa independent of their level of sociality. Several examples are presented to highlight the mechanisms underlying such groupings, particularly the evidence for phylogenetic proximity between members that promotes cross-species recognition. The advantages offered by such aggregates are described and discussed. These advantages can be attributed to the increase in group size and could be identical to those of nonmixed groupings, but competition-cooperation dynamics might also be involved, and such effects may differ between homo- and heterospecific groups. We discuss three extreme cases of interspecific recognition that are likely involved in mixed-species groups as vectors for cross-species aggregation: tolerance behavior between two social species, one-way mechanism in which one species is attractive to others and two-way mechanism of mutual attraction. As shown in this review, the study of mixed-species groups offers biologists an interesting way to explore the frontiers of cooperation-competition, including the process of sympatric speciation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Boulay
- CHU Lille, Université Lille 2, EA 7367-UTML-Unité de Taphonomie Médico-Légale, Lille, France
| | - Cindy Aubernon
- CHU Lille, Université Lille 2, EA 7367-UTML-Unité de Taphonomie Médico-Légale, Lille, France
| | - Graeme D Ruxton
- School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, Dyers Brae House, St. Andrews, Fife, UK
| | - Valéry Hédouin
- CHU Lille, Université Lille 2, EA 7367-UTML-Unité de Taphonomie Médico-Légale, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Louis Deneubourg
- Unit of Social Ecology-CP 231, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus de la Plaine, Boulevard du Triomphe, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Damien Charabidzé
- CHU Lille, Université Lille 2, EA 7367-UTML-Unité de Taphonomie Médico-Légale, Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
|
26
|
Collective decision making in Tibetan macaques: how followers affect the rules and speed of group movement. Anim Behav 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2018.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
27
|
Gunji YP, Murakami H, Tomaru T, Basios V. Inverse Bayesian inference in swarming behaviour of soldier crabs. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2018; 376:20170370. [PMID: 30420541 PMCID: PMC6232598 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Animals making a group sometimes approach and sometimes avoid a dense area of group mates, and that reveals the ambiguity of density preference. Although the ambiguity is not expressed by a simple deterministic local rule, it seems to be implemented by probabilistic inference that is based on Bayesian and inverse Bayesian inference. In particular, the inverse Bayesian process refers to perpetual changing of hypotheses. We here analyse a time series of swarming soldier crabs and show that they are employed to Bayesian and inverse Bayesian inference. Comparing simulation results with data of the real swarm, we show that the interpretation of the movement of soldier crabs which can be based on the inference can lead to the identification of a drastic phase shift-like transition of gathering and dispersing.This article is part of the theme issue 'Dissipative structures in matter out of equilibrium: from chemistry, photonics and biology (part 2)'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yukio-Pegio Gunji
- Department of Intermedia, Art and Science, School of Fundamental Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Ohkubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-0072, Japan
| | - Hisashi Murakami
- Department of Information System Creation, Faculty of Technology, Kanagawa University, 3-27-1 Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 221-8686, Japan
| | - Takenori Tomaru
- Interaction and Communication Desing Laboratory, Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku-cho, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan
| | - Vasileios Basios
- Department of Statistical Physics and Complex Systems, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Abstract
The patterns and mechanisms of collective decision making in humans and animals have attracted both empirical and theoretical attention. Of particular interest has been the variety of social feedback rules and the extent to which these behavioral rules can be explained and predicted from theories of rational estimation and decision making. However, models that aim to model the full range of social information use have incorporated ad hoc departures from rational decision-making theory to explain the apparent stochasticity and variability of behavior. In this paper I develop a model of social information use and collective decision making by fully rational agents that reveals how a wide range of apparently stochastic social decision rules emerge from fundamental information asymmetries both between individuals and between the decision makers and the observer of those decisions. As well as showing that rational decision making is consistent with empirical observations of collective behavior, this model makes several testable predictions about how individuals make decisions in groups and offers a valuable perspective on how we view sources of variability in animal, and human, behavior.
Collapse
|
29
|
Mammides C, Chen J, Goodale UM, Kotagama SW, Goodale E. Measurement of species associations in mixed-species bird flocks across environmental and human disturbance gradients. Ecosphere 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christos Mammides
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology; Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Menglun Mengla Yunnan 666303 China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation; College of Forestry; Guangxi University; Daxuedonglu 100 Nanning 530004 China
| | - Jin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology; Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Menglun Mengla Yunnan 666303 China
| | - Uromi M. Goodale
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation; College of Forestry; Guangxi University; Daxuedonglu 100 Nanning 530004 China
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources; Guangxi University; Nanning Guangxi Province 530005 China
| | - Sarath W. Kotagama
- Field Ornithology Group of Sri Lanka; Department of Zoology; University of Colombo; Colombo 3 Sri Lanka
| | - Eben Goodale
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Conservation; College of Forestry; Guangxi University; Daxuedonglu 100 Nanning 530004 China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Hughey LF, Hein AM, Strandburg-Peshkin A, Jensen FH. Challenges and solutions for studying collective animal behaviour in the wild. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:20170005. [PMID: 29581390 PMCID: PMC5882975 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2017.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mobile animal groups provide some of the most compelling examples of self-organization in the natural world. While field observations of songbird flocks wheeling in the sky or anchovy schools fleeing from predators have inspired considerable interest in the mechanics of collective motion, the challenge of simultaneously monitoring multiple animals in the field has historically limited our capacity to study collective behaviour of wild animal groups with precision. However, recent technological advancements now present exciting opportunities to overcome many of these limitations. Here we review existing methods used to collect data on the movements and interactions of multiple animals in a natural setting. We then survey emerging technologies that are poised to revolutionize the study of collective animal behaviour by extending the spatial and temporal scales of inquiry, increasing data volume and quality, and expediting the post-processing of raw data.This article is part of the theme issue 'Collective movement ecology'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lacey F Hughey
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA
| | - Andrew M Hein
- Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
- Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Ariana Strandburg-Peshkin
- Department of Migration and Immuno-Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Am Obstberg 1, 78315 Radolfzell, Germany
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frants H Jensen
- Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 6B, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Alarcón‐Nieto G, Graving JM, Klarevas‐Irby JA, Maldonado‐Chaparro AA, Mueller I, Farine DR. An automated barcode tracking system for behavioural studies in birds. Methods Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo Alarcón‐Nieto
- Chair of Biodiversity and Collective BehaviourDepartment of BiologyUniversity of Konstanz Konstanz Germany
| | - Jacob M. Graving
- Chair of Biodiversity and Collective BehaviourDepartment of BiologyUniversity of Konstanz Konstanz Germany
- Department of Collective BehaviourMax Planck Institute for Ornithology Konstanz Germany
| | - James A. Klarevas‐Irby
- Chair of Biodiversity and Collective BehaviourDepartment of BiologyUniversity of Konstanz Konstanz Germany
| | - Adriana A. Maldonado‐Chaparro
- Chair of Biodiversity and Collective BehaviourDepartment of BiologyUniversity of Konstanz Konstanz Germany
- Department of Collective BehaviourMax Planck Institute for Ornithology Konstanz Germany
| | - Inge Mueller
- Department of Migration and Immuno‐EcologyMax‐Planck Institute of Ornithology Radolfzell Germany
| | - Damien R. Farine
- Chair of Biodiversity and Collective BehaviourDepartment of BiologyUniversity of Konstanz Konstanz Germany
- Department of Collective BehaviourMax Planck Institute for Ornithology Konstanz Germany
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Radersma R, Garroway CJ, Santure AW, de Cauwer I, Farine DR, Slate J, Sheldon BC. Social and spatial effects on genetic variation between foraging flocks in a wild bird population. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:5807-5819. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reinder Radersma
- Edward Grey Institute; Department of Zoology; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
- Department of Biology; Lund University; Lund Sweden
| | - Colin J. Garroway
- Edward Grey Institute; Department of Zoology; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg MB Canada
| | - Anna W. Santure
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences; University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
- School of Biological Sciences; The University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
| | - Isabelle de Cauwer
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences; University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
- Univ. Lille; CNRS; UMR 8198 - Evo-Eco-Paleo; Lille France
| | - Damien R. Farine
- Edward Grey Institute; Department of Zoology; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
- Department of Collective Behaviour; Max Planck Institute for Ornithology; Konstanz Germany
- Chair of Biodiversity and Collective Behaviour; Department of Biology; University of Konstanz; Konstanz Germany
| | - Jon Slate
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences; University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
| | - Ben C. Sheldon
- Edward Grey Institute; Department of Zoology; University of Oxford; Oxford UK
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Suzuki TN, Kutsukake N. Foraging intention affects whether willow tits call to attract members of mixed-species flocks. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2017; 4:170222. [PMID: 28680675 PMCID: PMC5493917 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.170222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how individual behaviour influences the spatial and temporal distribution of other species is necessary to resolve the complex structure of species assemblages. Mixed-species bird flocks provide an ideal opportunity to investigate this issue, because members of the flocks are involved in a variety of behavioural interactions between species. Willow tits (Poecile montanus) often produce loud calls when visiting a new foraging patch to recruit other members of mixed-species flocks. The costs and benefits of flocking would differ with individual foraging behaviours (i.e. immediate consumption or caching); thus, willow tits may adjust the production of loud calls according to their foraging intention. In this study, we investigated the link between foraging decisions and calling behaviour in willow tits and tested its influence on the temporal cohesion with members of mixed-species flocks. Observations at experimental foraging patches showed that willow tits produced more calls when they consumed food items compared with when they cached them. Playback experiments revealed that these calls attracted flock members and helped to maintain their presence at foraging patches. Thus, willow tits adjusted calling behaviour according to their foraging intention, thereby coordinating the associations with members of mixed-species flocks. Our findings demonstrate the influence of individual decision-making on temporal cohesion with other species and highlight the importance of interspecific communication in mixed-species flocking dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshitaka N. Suzuki
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, 2-509-3 Hirano, Otsu, Shiga 520-2113, Japan
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Kutsukake
- Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Hayama, Kanagawa 240-0193, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Tóth Z, Tuliozi B, Baldan D, Hoi H, Griggio M. The effect of social connections on the discovery of multiple hidden food patches in a bird species. Sci Rep 2017; 7:816. [PMID: 28400588 PMCID: PMC5429748 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00929-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Social foraging is thought to provide the possibility of information transmission between individuals, but this advantage has been proved only in a handful of species and contexts. We investigated how social connections in captive flocks of house sparrows (Passer domesticus) affected the discovery of (i.e. feeding for the first time from) two hidden food patches in the presence of informed flock-mates. At the first-discovered and most-exploited food patch social connections between birds affected the order of discovery and presumably contributed to a greater exploitation of this patch. However, social connections did not affect discovery at the second food patch despite its close spatial proximity. Males discovered the food sources sooner than females, while feeding activity was negatively related to patch discovery. Age had no effect on the order of discovery. Birds that first discovered and fed at the food patches were characterized by higher level of social indifference, i.e. followed others less frequently than other birds in an independent context. Our findings provide experimental evidence for the importance of variable social connections during social foraging in house sparrow flocks, and suggest that social attraction can contribute differently to the exploitation of different patches when multiple food sources are present.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Tóth
- Lendület Evolutionary Ecology Research Group, Plant Protection Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1022, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beniamino Tuliozi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Davide Baldan
- Department of Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), 6708 PB, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Herbert Hoi
- Konrad Lorenz Institute of Ethology, Department of Integrative Biology and Evolution, University of Veterinary Medicine of Vienna, 1160, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matteo Griggio
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Boulay J, Deneubourg JL, Hédouin V, Charabidzé D. Interspecific shared collective decision-making in two forensically important species. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 283:rspb.2015.2676. [PMID: 26865296 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.2676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, the study of collective behaviour has mainly focused on intraspecific situations: the collective decision-making of mixed-species groups involving interspecific aggregation-segregation has received little attention. Here, we show that, in both conspecific and heterospecific groups, the larvae of two species (Lucilia sericata and Calliphora vomitoria, calliphorid carrion-feeding flies) were able to make a collective choice. In all groups, the choice was made within a few minutes and persisted throughout the period of the experiment. The monitoring of a focal individual within a group showed that these aggregations were governed by attractive and retentive effects of the group. Furthermore, the similarity observed between the conspecific and heterospecific groups suggested the existence of shared aggregation signals. The group size was found to have a stronger influence than the species of necrophagous larvae. These results should be viewed in relation to the well-known correlation between group size and heat generation. This study provides the first experimental examination of the dynamics of collective decision-making in mixed-species groups of invertebrates, contributing to our understanding of the cooperation-competition phenomenon in animal social groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Boulay
- CHU Lille, Université Lille 2, EA 7367-UTML-Unité de Taphonomie Médico-Légale, Lille, France Unit of Social Ecology-CP 231, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus Plaine, Boulevard du Triomphe, Building NO-level 5, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Jean-Louis Deneubourg
- Unit of Social Ecology-CP 231, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Campus Plaine, Boulevard du Triomphe, Building NO-level 5, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - Valéry Hédouin
- CHU Lille, Université Lille 2, EA 7367-UTML-Unité de Taphonomie Médico-Légale, Lille, France
| | - Damien Charabidzé
- CHU Lille, Université Lille 2, EA 7367-UTML-Unité de Taphonomie Médico-Légale, Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Pruitt JN. Behavioural hypervolumes of spider communities predict community performance and disbandment. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 283:20161409. [PMID: 27974515 PMCID: PMC5204141 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2016.1409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Trait-based ecology argues that an understanding of the traits of interactors can enhance the predictability of ecological outcomes. We examine here whether the multidimensional behavioural-trait diversity of communities influences community performance and stability in situ We created experimental communities of web-building spiders, each with an identical species composition. Communities contained one individual of each of five different species. Prior to establishing these communities in the field, we examined three behavioural traits for each individual spider. These behavioural measures allowed us to estimate community-wide behavioural diversity, as inferred by the multidimensional behavioural volume occupied by the entire community. Communities that occupied a larger region of behavioural-trait space (i.e. where spiders differed more from each other behaviourally) gained more mass and were less likely to disband. Thus, there is a community-wide benefit to multidimensional behavioural diversity in this system that might translate to other multispecies assemblages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan N Pruitt
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9610, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Nicolis SC, Halloy J, Deneubourg JL. Transition between segregation and aggregation: the role of environmental constraints. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32703. [PMID: 27599636 PMCID: PMC5013323 DOI: 10.1038/srep32703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between sub-groups (species, strains) have been reported in many species among many taxae. We propose a generic model based on earlier experiments accounting for both conspecific (or between individuals of the same strains) and heterospecific (or between strains) interactions. The model predicts different collective behaviours without any change of individuals’ algorithm as some key generic parameters such as the carrying capacity, the number of individuals involved and the strength of inter-attraction between sub-groups are varied. A key result is the possibility for sub-groups to segregate between patches and for transition between different patterns, even in absence of active agonistic behaviour. The model can be viewed as a network of feedbacks that is independent of the signals or cues involved in mixed groups interactions. Its predictions are therefore applicable to a wide spectrum of situations including social insects (inter castes interaction) and provides insights on possible mechanisms that can be at work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stamatios C Nicolis
- Unit of Social Ecology Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
| | - José Halloy
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Énergies de De main, Université Paris Diderot, Paris VII, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sensitivity of density-dependent threshold to species composition in arthropod aggregates. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32576. [PMID: 27576571 PMCID: PMC5006165 DOI: 10.1038/srep32576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
How mixed-species groups perform collective behaviours provides unique insights into the mechanisms that drive social interactions. Herein, we followed the aggregation process of two isopod species under monospecific and heterospecific conditions at three population densities. Our experimental results show that the formation of both the monospecific and heterospecific groups responds to a similar threshold function. Furthermore, the two species contribute equally to the mixed-species aggregate growth and are not spatiotemporally segregated. However, we show that the cohesion is weaker and the probability of forming aggregations is lower in heterospecific groups than in monospecific populations. Thus, our results show that amplification processes are shared between species, but that the weighting given to conspecific and heterospecific information differs. We develop a theoretical model to test this hypothesis. The model reproduces our experimental data and shows that a relatively low level of inter-attractions between species is able to generate mixed-species aggregates. Moreover the greater the total population, the lower this parameter value is needed to observe aggregation in both species. This highlights the importance to study not only qualitatively but also quantitatively the heterospecific interactions in mixed-species groups. Finally, the patterns observed could be biologically relevant in favouring the association between species.
Collapse
|
39
|
Fisher DN, Rodríguez-Muñoz R, Tregenza T. Wild cricket social networks show stability across generations. BMC Evol Biol 2016; 16:151. [PMID: 27464504 PMCID: PMC4964091 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-016-0726-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A central part of an animal's environment is its interactions with conspecifics. There has been growing interest in the potential to capture these interactions in the form of a social network. Such networks can then be used to examine how relationships among individuals affect ecological and evolutionary processes. However, in the context of selection and evolution, the utility of this approach relies on social network structures persisting across generations. This is an assumption that has been difficult to test because networks spanning multiple generations have not been available. We constructed social networks for six annual generations over a period of eight years for a wild population of the cricket Gryllus campestris. RESULTS Through the use of exponential random graph models (ERGMs), we found that the networks in any given year were able to predict the structure of networks in other years for some network characteristics. The capacity of a network model of any given year to predict the networks of other years did not depend on how far apart those other years were in time. Instead, the capacity of a network model to predict the structure of a network in another year depended on the similarity in population size between those years. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that cricket social network structure resists the turnover of individuals and is stable across generations. This would allow evolutionary processes that rely on network structure to take place. The influence of network size may indicate that scaling up findings on social behaviour from small populations to larger ones will be difficult. Our study also illustrates the utility of ERGMs for comparing networks, a task for which an effective approach has been elusive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David N. Fisher
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, Penryn Campus, University of Exeter, Penryn, TR109FE Cornwall UK
- Department for Integrative Biology, Summerlee Science Complex, University of Guelph, Guelph, N1G 2W1 ON Canada
| | - Rolando Rodríguez-Muñoz
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, Penryn Campus, University of Exeter, Penryn, TR109FE Cornwall UK
| | - Tom Tregenza
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, Penryn Campus, University of Exeter, Penryn, TR109FE Cornwall UK
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Farine DR, Strandburg-Peshkin A, Berger-Wolf T, Ziebart B, Brugere I, Li J, Crofoot MC. Both Nearest Neighbours and Long-term Affiliates Predict Individual Locations During Collective Movement in Wild Baboons. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27704. [PMID: 27292778 PMCID: PMC4904494 DOI: 10.1038/srep27704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In many animal societies, groups of individuals form stable social units that are shaped by well-delineated dominance hierarchies and a range of affiliative relationships. How do socially complex groups maintain cohesion and achieve collective movement? Using high-resolution GPS tracking of members of a wild baboon troop, we test whether collective movement in stable social groups is governed by interactions among local neighbours (commonly found in groups with largely anonymous memberships), social affiliates, and/or by individuals paying attention to global group structure. We construct candidate movement prediction models and evaluate their ability to predict the future trajectory of focal individuals. We find that baboon movements are best predicted by 4 to 6 neighbours. While these are generally individuals’ nearest neighbours, we find that baboons have distinct preferences for particular neighbours, and that these social affiliates best predict individual location at longer time scales (>10 minutes). Our results support existing theoretical and empirical studies highlighting the importance of local rules in driving collective outcomes, such as collective departures, in primates. We extend previous studies by elucidating the rules that maintain cohesion in baboons ‘on the move’, as well as the different temporal scales of social interactions that are at play.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damien R Farine
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis CA, USA.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama.,Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, UK.,Department of Collective Behaviour, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Konstanz, 78457, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457, Germany
| | - Ariana Strandburg-Peshkin
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, 106A Guyot Hall, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Tanya Berger-Wolf
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, 851 South Morgan St, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Brian Ziebart
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, 851 South Morgan St, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Ivan Brugere
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, 851 South Morgan St, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois at Chicago, 851 South Morgan St, Chicago IL, USA
| | - Margaret C Crofoot
- Department of Anthropology, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis CA, USA.,Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama.,Animal Behaviour Graduate Group, University of California Davis, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Pruitt JN. The legacy effects of keystone individuals on collective behaviour scale to how long they remain within a group. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 282:20151766. [PMID: 26336171 PMCID: PMC4571716 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.1766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The collective behaviour of social groups is often strongly influenced by one or few individuals, termed here 'keystone individuals'. We examined whether the influence of keystone individuals on collective behaviour lingers after their departure and whether these lingering effects scale with their tenure in the group. In the social spider, Stegodyphus dumicola, colonies' boldest individuals wield a disproportionately large influence over colony behaviour. We experimentally manipulated keystones' tenure in laboratory-housed colonies and tracked their legacy effects on collective prey capture following their removal. We found that bolder keystones caused more aggressive collective foraging behaviour and catalysed greater inter-individual variation in boldness within their colonies. The longer keystones remained in a colony, the longer both of these effects lingered after their departure. Our data demonstrate that, long after their disappearance, keystones have large and lasting effects on social dynamics at both the individual and colony levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan N Pruitt
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Dalziel BD, Corre ML, Côté SD, Ellner SP. Detecting collective behaviour in animal relocation data, with application to migrating caribou. Methods Ecol Evol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D. Dalziel
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| | - Mael Le Corre
- Department of Biology University of Laval Quebec QC Canada
| | - Steeve D. Côté
- Department of Biology University of Laval Quebec QC Canada
| | - Stephen P. Ellner
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Wright CM, Keiser CN, Pruitt JN. Personality and morphology shape task participation, collective foraging and escape behaviour in the social spider Stegodyphus dumicola. Anim Behav 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
44
|
Abstract
The quantity and quality of social relationships, as captured by social network analysis, can have major fitness consequences. Various studies have shown that individual differences in social behaviour can be due to variation in exposure to developmental stress. However, whether these developmental differences translate to consistent differences in social network position is not known. We experimentally increased levels of the avian stress hormone corticosterone (CORT) in nestling zebra finches in a fully balanced design. Upon reaching nutritional independence, we released chicks and their families into two free-flying rooms, where we measured daily social networks over five weeks using passive integrated transponder tags. Developmental stress had a significant effect on social behaviour: despite having similar foraging patterns, CORT chicks had weaker associations to their parents than control chicks. Instead, CORT chicks foraged with a greater number of flock mates and were less choosy with whom they foraged, resulting in more central network positions. These findings highlight the importance of taking developmental history into account to understand the drivers of social organization in gregarious species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neeltje J Boogert
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9JP, UK
| | - Damien R Farine
- Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancon, Panama
| | - Karen A Spencer
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews KY16 9JP, UK
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Farine DR, Aplin LM, Sheldon BC, Hoppitt W. Interspecific social networks promote information transmission in wild songbirds. Proc Biol Sci 2015; 282:20142804. [PMID: 25673683 PMCID: PMC4345451 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.2804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the functional links between social structure and population processes is a central aim of evolutionary ecology. Multiple types of interactions can be represented by networks drawn for the same population, such as kinship, dominance or affiliative networks, but the relative importance of alternative networks in modulating population processes may not be clear. We illustrate this problem, and a solution, by developing a framework for testing the importance of different types of association in facilitating the transmission of information. We apply this framework to experimental data from wild songbirds that form mixed-species flocks, recording the arrival (patch discovery) of individuals to novel foraging sites. We tested whether intraspecific and interspecific social networks predicted the spread of information about novel food sites, and found that both contributed to transmission. The likelihood of acquiring information per unit of connection to knowledgeable individuals increased 22-fold for conspecifics, and 12-fold for heterospecifics. We also found that species varied in how much information they produced, suggesting that some species play a keystone role in winter foraging flocks. More generally, these analyses demonstrate that this method provides a powerful approach, using social networks to quantify the relative transmission rates across different social relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damien R Farine
- Department of Zoology, Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
| | - Lucy M Aplin
- Department of Zoology, Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Acton, Australian Capital Territory 2000, Australia
| | - Ben C Sheldon
- Department of Zoology, Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK
| | - William Hoppitt
- Animal and Environment Research Group, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge CB1 1PT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Farine DR, Sheldon BC. Selection for territory acquisition is modulated by social network structure in a wild songbird. J Evol Biol 2015; 28:547-56. [PMID: 25611344 PMCID: PMC4406129 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The social environment may be a key mediator of selection that operates on animals. In many cases, individuals may experience selection not only as a function of their phenotype, but also as a function of the interaction between their phenotype and the phenotypes of the conspecifics they associate with. For example, when animals settle after dispersal, individuals may benefit from arriving early, but, in many cases, these benefits will be affected by the arrival times of other individuals in their local environment. We integrated a recently described method for calculating assortativity on weighted networks, which is the correlation between an individual's phenotype and that of its associates, into an existing framework for measuring the magnitude of social selection operating on phenotypes. We applied this approach to large-scale data on social network structure and the timing of arrival into the breeding area over three years. We found that late-arriving individuals had a reduced probability of breeding. However, the probability of breeding was also influenced by individuals' social networks. Associating with late-arriving conspecifics increased the probability of successfully acquiring a breeding territory. Hence, social selection could offset the effects of nonsocial selection. Given parallel theoretical developments of the importance of local network structure on population processes, and increasing data being collected on social networks in free-living populations, the integration of these concepts could yield significant insights into social evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D R Farine
- Department of Zoology, Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancon, Panama; Department of Anthropology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|