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Sugai N, Werre S, Cecere JT, Balogh O. Comparing different sperm concentrations for optimizing cooled semen use in the dog. Front Vet Sci 2024; 10:1339840. [PMID: 38347887 PMCID: PMC10860413 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1339840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of shipping canine semen for artificial insemination has bloomed over the last 20 years. This allows for the spread of genetic material while overcoming geographical or time-related challenges. The optimal sperm concentration for cooled semen transport in the dog is unknown. Often canine semen is extended 1:3-5 vol:vol without standardized sperm concentrations for cooled shipment. We compared different sperm concentrations for cooled storage and hypothesized that lower concentrations would result in better semen quality. Semen was collected from healthy client-owned dogs (n = 8). Individual ejaculates were divided into a control aliquot (CON) extended 1:3 vol:vol with a commercial extender. The remaining sample was centrifuged and extended to 200 ×106 sperm/ml (C200), then serially diluted to 100, 50, and 25 ×106 sperm/ml concentrations (C100-C25). Aliquots were cooled for 24 h and then centrifuged and re-extended. Sperm concentration, plasma membrane integrity (PMI, %), motility (subjective total, STM; computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) total and progressive, TM, PM; %), and normal morphology (NM, %) were assessed in raw semen (T0), post-extension (T1), after 24 h of cooling (T2), and after processing at 24 h (T3). Cooling resulted in significant declines in STM and NM for all groups and in decreased PMI for CON and C25-50. After cooling (at T2), PMI was significantly lower for C25 compared with all the groups and higher for CON compared with C25-100 (p ≤ 0.038). Processing and re-extension after cooling further decreased the spermiogram parameters. At T3, PMI for CON was similar to C200 but significantly higher than C25-100, while C25 had the lowest PMI. For motility parameters and NM, C25 performed worse than all or most of the other groups. Comparing CON at T3 with C25-200 at T2, PMI, STM, and NM for CON were significantly lower than C25-200, C200, and C100-200, respectively. In conclusion, our results show that cooling canine semen for 24 h at 200 ×106 sperm/ml final concentration after processing or extending 1:3 vol:vol without centrifugation is preferred based on the highest PMI. If volume restrictions apply, processing raw semen and extending to the desired volume with higher sperm concentrations at the collection facility is superior to centrifugation and volume adjustment after 24 h of cooled storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Sugai
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Stephen Werre
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Julie T. Cecere
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Orsolya Balogh
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA, United States
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Sugai N, Werre S, Cecere J, Balogh O. Defining an Optimal Range of Centrifugation Parameters for Canine Semen Processing. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13081421. [PMID: 37106983 PMCID: PMC10135290 DOI: 10.3390/ani13081421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Our objective was to determine a clinically relevant range of centrifugation parameters for processing canine semen. We hypothesized that higher gravitational (g) force and longer time of centrifugation would result in improved spermatozoa recovery rate (RR) but poorer semen quality. Cooled storage under standard shipping conditions was used as a stressor to evaluate long-term treatment effects. Individual ejaculates collected from 14 healthy dogs were split into six treatment groups (400 g, 720 g, and 900 g for 5 or 10 min). Sperm RR (%) was calculated post-centrifugation, and plasma membrane integrity (%, Nucleocounter® SP-100™), total and progressive motility (%, subjective and computer-assisted sperm analysis), and morphology (%, eosin-nigrosin staining) were assessed on initial raw semen (T0), post-centrifugation (T1), and 24 h (T2) and 48 h (T3) after cooling. Sperm losses were minimal, and RRs were similar across treatment groups (median >98%, p ≥ 0.062). Spermatozoa membrane integrity was not different between centrifugation groups at any time point (p ≥ 0.38) but declined significantly during cooling (T1 vs. T2/T3, p ≤ 0.001). Similarly, total and progressive motility did not differ across treatments but declined in all groups from T1 to T3 (p ≤ 0.02). In conclusion, our study showed that centrifugation within a range of 400 g-900 g for 5-10 min is appropriate for processing canine semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Sugai
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Stephen Werre
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Julie Cecere
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Orsolya Balogh
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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Santos CS, Campos LB, Praxedes ÉCG, Moreira SSJ, Souza-Júnior JBF, Comizzoli P, Feijó FMC, Silva AR. Influence of antibiotics on bacterial load and sperm parameters during short-term preservation of collared peccary semen. Anim Reprod 2021; 18:e20210021. [PMID: 34539871 PMCID: PMC8444550 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2021-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on semen and sperm cells are critical to develop assisted reproductive technologies for the conservation of the collared peccary. The objective of the study was to compare the effect of different antibiotics on the bacterial load and sperm quality during short-term storage of peccary semen. Fresh semen samples from 10 males were extended in Tris-egg yolk or Tris-Aloe vera supplemented with streptomycin-penicillin (SP; 1 mg/mL - 1000 IU/mL or 2 mg/mL - 2000 IU/mL) or gentamicin (30 µg/mL or 70 µg/mL) before storage at 5°C. Bacterial load and sperm motility, membrane integrity and function, mitochondrial activity, and morphology, were evaluated at different time points for 36 h. The SP and gentamicin treatments concentration inhibited (p < 0.05) bacterial growth for 36 h regardless of the extender. Compared to the other treatments, Tris-egg yolk plus 70 µg/mL gentamicin maintained the sperm parameters for longer, including total motility (41.9 ± 6.1%) at 24 h, and membrane integrity (58.3 ± 2.1%) at 36 h. In contrast, the highest SP concentration in both extenders impaired sperm membrane integrity at 36 h (p < 0.05). For the liquid storage of collared peccary semen, it therefore is recommended to use Tris extender supplemented with egg yolk and gentamicin (70 µg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Sérgio Santos
- Laboratório de Conservação de Germoplasma Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido - UFERSA, Mossoró, RN, Brasil
| | - Lívia Batista Campos
- Laboratório de Conservação de Germoplasma Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido - UFERSA, Mossoró, RN, Brasil
| | - Érica Camila Gurgel Praxedes
- Laboratório de Conservação de Germoplasma Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido - UFERSA, Mossoró, RN, Brasil
| | - Samara Sandy Jerônimo Moreira
- Laboratório de Conservação de Germoplasma Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido - UFERSA, Mossoró, RN, Brasil
| | | | - Pierre Comizzoli
- Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington D.C., United States of America
| | | | - Alexandre Rodrigues Silva
- Laboratório de Conservação de Germoplasma Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido - UFERSA, Mossoró, RN, Brasil
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Yakubu MT, Omar SA. Impact of groundwater samples and leachates from Gbagede dumpsite, Amoyo, Kwara State, Nigeria, on testes and prostate of male Wistar rats: A biochemical and histological study. Andrologia 2020; 52:e13801. [PMID: 32929758 DOI: 10.1111/and.13801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the impact of groundwater samples and leachate from Gbagede dumpsite in Amoyo, Kwara State, on the testicular and prostatic function indices of male rats. The groundwater sample 1 (GW1), groundwater sample 2 (GW2), 2.5%, 5.0%, 7.5% and 10.0% leachate progressively reduced (p < .05) feed intake, groundwater and leachate intake, body weight, weights of testes and prostate, and testes-body weight ratio. The groundwater and leachates significantly (p < .05) reduced the sperm count, motility, normal morphology and testicular volume; activities of semen acid phosphatase (ACP) and α-glucosidase, testicular alkaline phosphatase, ACP, ᵧ-GT, lactate dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase, catalase and superoxide dismutase; testicular total protein, glycogen, total cholesterol, sialic acid, testosterone, reduced glutathione, total antioxidant capacity, zinc, iron and copper; serum LH and FSH; prostatic calcium and phosphate. Treatments increased testicular malondialdehyde, prostate-specific antigen and ACP whilst prostatic pH remained significantly unaltered. Only the leachates reduced prostate-body weight ratio. The treatments induced distortions of seminiferous tubules, destroyed spermatogonic cells and degenerated prostatic acinus. The study concluded that metals in the groundwater and leachate samples have adversely impacted on the testes and prostates of the male rats via endocrine disruption and oxidative stress, with attendant implications on reproductive capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa Toyin Yakubu
- Phytopharmacology, Toxicology, Reproductive and Developmental Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Sikemi Adejoke Omar
- Phytopharmacology, Toxicology, Reproductive and Developmental Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
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Sheikholeslami SA, Soleimanzadeh A, Rakhshanpour A, Shirani D. The evaluation of lycopene and cysteamine supplementation effects on sperm and oxidative stress parameters during chilled storage of canine semen. Reprod Domest Anim 2020; 55:1229-1239. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.13770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali Soleimanzadeh
- Department of Theriogenology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Urmia University Urmia Iran
| | - Alaleh Rakhshanpour
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pathology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Urmia University Urmia Iran
| | - Dariush Shirani
- Department of Clinical Science Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Tehran Tehran Iran
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Dalmazzo A, de Souza Ramos Angrimani D, Losano JDA, Rocha CC, Sobrinho CAB, Chinait Gurgel JR, Monteiro Pacheco PI, Minazaki CK, Crusco SE, Nichi M, Barnabe VH. Insights into soy lecithin and egg yolk-based extenders for chilling canine spermatozoa. ZYGOTE 2019; 27:17-24. [PMID: 30516456 DOI: 10.1017/s0967199418000576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
SummaryThe aim of this study was to compare different concentrations of soy lecithin (LEC0.01%, LEC0.05% and LEC0.1%) with egg yolk (Control) in cooling extenders during the storage of semen at 5ºC for 5 days. Twelve dogs (n = 12) were selected, and semen was cooled and assessed after 2, 24, 48, 72, 96 or 120 h. At each time point, sperm were analyzed for kinetic patterns (using computer-assisted sperm analysis), mitochondrial activity (3'3- diaminobenzidine assay), lipid peroxidation (TBARS assay), DNA fragmentation (SCSA®) and plasma and acrosome membrane integrity (eosin/nigrosin and fast green/rose Bengal stains, respectively). The Control group (1814.4 ± 197.2) presented the highest rates of lipid peroxidation at 120 h. Conversely, progressive motility (42.8 ± 4%), linearity (45.4 ± 1%), and VAP (88 ± 3%) were higher in the Control group. In addition, there was lower mitochondrial activity in the Control group at 72 h. Therefore, our data show that lecithin used at these concentrations was not able to maintain sperm viability at as high qualities as would egg yolk. Moreover, the decrease in high mitochondrial activity and the persistence of sperm motility may indicate a compensatory mechanism in canine spermatozoa (i.e., glycolytic pathway). Furthermore, these higher lipid peroxidation indexes could indicate the necessity for future therapy using extenders and antioxidants over a long cooling time for dog sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Dalmazzo
- University of São Paulo,College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science,Department of Animal Reproduction, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo,Brazil
| | - Daniel de Souza Ramos Angrimani
- University of São Paulo,College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science,Department of Animal Reproduction, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo,Brazil
| | - João Diego A Losano
- University of São Paulo,College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science,Department of Animal Reproduction, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo,Brazil
| | - Carolina C Rocha
- University of São Paulo,College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science,Department of Animal Reproduction, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo,Brazil
| | - Carlos A B Sobrinho
- University of São Paulo,College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science,Department of Animal Reproduction, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo,Brazil
| | - João Rafael Chinait Gurgel
- University of São Paulo,College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science,Department of Animal Reproduction, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo,Brazil
| | - Pedro Ivo Monteiro Pacheco
- University of São Paulo,College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science,Department of Animal Reproduction, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo,Brazil
| | - Claudia Kiyomi Minazaki
- University of São Paulo,College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science,Department of Animal Reproduction, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo,Brazil
| | - Silvia E Crusco
- University of São Paulo,College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science,Department of Animal Reproduction, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo,Brazil
| | - Marcilio Nichi
- University of São Paulo,College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science,Department of Animal Reproduction, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo,Brazil
| | - Valquíria H Barnabe
- University of São Paulo,College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science,Department of Animal Reproduction, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo,Brazil
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Urbano M, Ortiz I, Dorado J, Hidalgo M. Identification of sperm morphometric subpopulations in cooled-stored canine sperm and its relation with sperm DNA integrity. Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 52:468-476. [PMID: 28220615 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to (i) identify different morphometric subpopulations in cooled-stored canine sperm and their patterns of distribution during cool-storage for up to 240 hr and (ii) determine whether or not morphometric sperm subpopulations (sP) are related to sperm DNA integrity. For that purpose, morphometric parameters were analysed by computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) and sperm DNA fragmentation (sDFi) using the sperm Halomax test. Four morphometric sperm heads subpopulations were identified: sP1 (large and rounded), sP2 (large and elongated), sP3 (small and rounded) and sP4 (small and elongated). sP1 was the most predominant subpopulation for up to 72 hr and thereafter sP3 increased progressively. sDFi increased after 48 hr of cool-storage. Although sP3 showed a positive correlation with sDFi, and both increased over time, it could not be ensured that only the sperm with fragmented DNA are accumulated in sP3. In conclusion, sP3 and DNA fragmentation increased progressively during cool-storage, becoming possible indicators of sperm damage. However, it cannot be concluded that sP3 only contains sperm with fragmented DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Urbano
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - I Ortiz
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - J Dorado
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
| | - M Hidalgo
- Veterinary Reproduction Group, Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
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Rato L, Alves MG, Dias TR, Cavaco JE, Oliveira PF. Testicular Metabolic Reprogramming in Neonatal Streptozotocin-Induced Type 2 Diabetic Rats Impairs Glycolytic Flux and Promotes Glycogen Synthesis. J Diabetes Res 2015; 2015:973142. [PMID: 26064993 PMCID: PMC4443934 DOI: 10.1155/2015/973142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 04/22/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Defects in testicular metabolism are directly implicated with male infertility, but most of the mechanisms associated with type 2 diabetes- (T2DM) induced male infertility remain unknown. We aimed to evaluate the effects of T2DM on testicular glucose metabolism by using a neonatal-streptozotocin- (n-STZ) T2DM animal model. Plasma and testicular hormonal levels were evaluated using specific kits. mRNA and protein expression levels were assessed by real-time PCR and Western Blot, respectively. Testicular metabolic profile was assessed by (1)H-NMR spectroscopy. T2DM rats showed increased glycemic levels, impaired glucose tolerance and hyperinsulinemia. Both testicular and serum testosterone levels were decreased, whereas those of 17β-estradiol were not altered. Testicular glycolytic flux was not favored in testicles of T2DM rats, since, despite the increased expression of both glucose transporters 1 and 3 and the enzyme phosphofructokinase 1, lactate dehydrogenase activity was severely decreased contributing to lower testicular lactate content. However, T2DM enhanced testicular glycogen accumulation, by modulating the availability of the precursors for its synthesis. T2DM also affected the reproductive sperm parameters. Taken together these results indicate that T2DM is able to reprogram testicular metabolism by enhancing alternative metabolic pathways, particularly glycogen synthesis, and such alterations are associated with impaired sperm parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Rato
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior (UBI), Covilhã, Portugal
| | - M. G. Alves
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior (UBI), Covilhã, Portugal
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology and Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Portugal
| | - T. R. Dias
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior (UBI), Covilhã, Portugal
| | - J. E. Cavaco
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior (UBI), Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Pedro F. Oliveira
- Health Sciences Research Centre (CICS), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior (UBI), Covilhã, Portugal
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto, Portugal
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Abel Salazar Institute of Biomedical Sciences (ICBAS), University of Porto (UP), Portugal
- *Pedro F. Oliveira:
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Hidalgo M, Portero JM, Demyda-Peyrás S, Ortiz I, Dorado J. Cryopreservation of canine semen after cold storage in a Neopor box: effect of extender, centrifugation and storage time. Vet Rec 2014; 175:20. [DOI: 10.1136/vr.102010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Hidalgo
- Animal Reproduction Group; Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Cordoba; Córdoba 14071 Spain
| | - J. M. Portero
- Animal Reproduction Group; Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Cordoba; Córdoba 14071 Spain
| | - S. Demyda-Peyrás
- MERAGEM Research Group; Department of Genetics; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Cordoba; Cordoba 14071 Spain
| | - I. Ortiz
- Animal Reproduction Group; Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Cordoba; Córdoba 14071 Spain
| | - J. Dorado
- Animal Reproduction Group; Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Cordoba; Córdoba 14071 Spain
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Cunha ICN, Henning H, Urhausen C, Beyerbach M, Günzel-Apel AR. A commercial box for dog semen transport: What happens inside when the environmental temperature is increasing? Anim Reprod Sci 2014; 147:86-92. [PMID: 24794446 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Environmental temperatures may influence the temperature inside commercial transport boxes during semen shipment and thereby storage conditions of diluted dog semen. To evaluate the temperature changes inside boxes and their influence on sperm quality, split semen samples (n=8) were placed in Neopor boxes(®) exposed for 48h to room temperature (RT) (Box 1), 40°C for 6h and then kept at RT (Box 2) or 40°C (Box 3). A fourth subsample was kept at 4-5°C in a refrigerator (control). Inside Box 1 temperature initially decreased to <3°C before it stabilized at 7-8°C, while in Box 2 no decrease occurred and temperature was at 7-8°C for 48 h. Temperature inside Box 3 was at 14-15°C for 24h and, thereafter, increased to 36.1°C. Analysis of sperm motility (CASA) and viability (PI and FITC-PNA) after 24 and 48 h revealed marked sensitivity of dog spermatozoa to temperature fluctuations (Box 1). A constant storage temperature of 7-8°C (Box 2) provided the most desirable semen quality in terms of motility, viability, as well as osmotic resistance when samples were stored for 48 h. Furthermore, results indicate that during 24h preservation a storage temperature of 14-16°C may provide optimum conditions for maintenance of sperm viability and function. An increase of the inside temperature to >30°C (Box 3) resulted in an almost complete loss in sperm integrity. In conclusion, results suggest a revision of current recommendations for storage temperature of diluted dog semen. Boxes for semen transport should be prepared depending on the expected environmental temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C N Cunha
- North of Rio de Janeiro State University, Brazil, Hospital Veterinário/LRMGA, Avenida Alberto Lamego, 2000, CEP 28013602 Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil; Unit for Reproductive Medicine of Clinics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 15, 30559 Hannover, Germany; Small Animal Clinic-University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 9, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
| | - H Henning
- Unit for Reproductive Medicine of Clinics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 15, 30559 Hannover, Germany; Clinic for Pigs and Small Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - C Urhausen
- Unit for Reproductive Medicine of Clinics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 15, 30559 Hannover, Germany; Small Animal Clinic-University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 9, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - M Beyerbach
- Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 2, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - A R Günzel-Apel
- Unit for Reproductive Medicine of Clinics, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 15, 30559 Hannover, Germany; Small Animal Clinic-University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 9, 30559 Hannover, Germany
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Vágenknechtová M, Hošek M, Máchal L, Chládek G. The influence of external and internal factors on the quality of semen collection and qualitative indicators of semen in the dog (Canis familiaris). ACTA UNIVERSITATIS AGRICULTURAE ET SILVICULTURAE MENDELIANAE BRUNENSIS 2014. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun201159060373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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12
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Mascarenhas R, Xavier P, Marques Júnior A. Ejaculados individuais e pools de sêmen: diferenças em condições experimentais. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-09352014000100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Avaliaram-se ejaculados caninos individuais e pools de sêmen submetidos a dois tratamentos de renovação do meio diluidor. Sêmen de seis cães foi coletado, na forma de ejaculados individuais e pools de sêmen, diluído na proporção de 1:1 em meio Tris-Gema, centrifugado a 500g/10min, e o pellet ressuspendido até concentração final de 50x10(6) espermatozoides/mL. O sêmen foi resfriado a 0,26ºC/min, entre 37 e 16ºC, e 0,08ºC/min, entre 16 a 8ºC, e mantido em geladeira a 5ºC por 14 dias. No Tratamento 1, o meio diluidor foi renovado a cada seis dias, e no Tratamento 2 aos 12 dias. O sêmen foi avaliado, a cada 48 horas, quanto à motilidade espermática, utilizando-se o Sperm Class Analyser® (SCA), e quanto à integridade de membranas pelo teste hiposmótico e coloração com PI/CFDA. A formação de pools de sêmen simplificou sua manipulação, principalmente com relação ao aumento do volume da amostra disponível; no entanto, resultados obtidos a partir de ejaculados individuais mostraram diferenças entre tratamentos, não identificadas nos pools de sêmen.
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Dias TR, Alves MG, Tomás GD, Socorro S, Silva BM, Oliveira PF. White tea as a promising antioxidant medium additive for sperm storage at room temperature: a comparative study with green tea. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:608-617. [PMID: 24372402 DOI: 10.1021/jf4049462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Storage of sperm under refrigeration reduces its viability, due to oxidative unbalance. Unfermented teas present high levels of catechin derivatives, known to reduce oxidative stress. This study investigated the effect of white tea (WTEA) on epididymal spermatozoa survival at room temperature (RT), using green tea (GTEA) for comparative purposes. The chemical profiles of WTEA and GTEA aqueous extracts were evaluated by (1)H NMR. (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate was the most abundant catechin, being twice as abundant in WTEA extract. The antioxidant power of storage media was evaluated. Spermatozoa antioxidant potential, lipid peroxidation, and viability were assessed. The media antioxidant potential increased the most with WTEA supplementation, which was concomitant with the highest increase in sperm antioxidant potential and lipid peroxidation decrease. WTEA supplementation restored spermatozoa viability to values similar to those obtained at collection time. These findings provide evidence that WTEA extract is an excellent media additive for RT sperm storage, to facilitate transport and avoid the deleterious effects of refrigeration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia R Dias
- CICS - UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior , 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
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Niżański W, Partyka A, Rijsselaere T. Use of fluorescent stainings and flow cytometry for canine semen assessment. Reprod Domest Anim 2013; 47 Suppl 6:215-21. [PMID: 23279503 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Over the last few decades, appreciable progress has been noted in canine semen assessment techniques. The common use of accurate and sensitive diagnostic methods, such as computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA), flow cytometry and sperm penetration tests have become routine procedures in specialized andrology laboratories. Many fluorescent probes have been applied to the assessment of specific sperm characteristics in dogs. Flow cytometry enables the observation of cell characteristics such as size, shape and function of the spermatozoon, that can be revealed by a fluorochrome or fluorescent label. The analysis of events detected on dot plots gives accurate and highly reliable information on membrane integrity, acrosomal status, mitochondrial activity, capacitation status, lipid peroxidation, apoptosis and DNA damage. Despite the development of these modern and accurate tools, it is still questionable if the ideal method of semen evaluation, allowing predicting of the fertilizing potential of semen, has been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Niżański
- Department of Reproduction, University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.
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15
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Karger S, Arlt S, Haimerl P, Heuwieser W. A
S
ystematic
R
eview of
S
tudies
P
erforming the
H
ypo‐
O
smotic
S
welling
T
est to
E
valuate the
Q
uality of
C
anine
S
permatozoa. Reprod Domest Anim 2013; 49:1-6. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Karger
- Clinic for Animal Reproduction Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Freie Universität Berlin Germany
| | - S Arlt
- Clinic for Animal Reproduction Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Freie Universität Berlin Germany
| | - P Haimerl
- Clinic for Animal Reproduction Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Freie Universität Berlin Germany
| | - W Heuwieser
- Clinic for Animal Reproduction Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Freie Universität Berlin Germany
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16
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Rato L, Alves MG, Dias TR, Lopes G, Cavaco JE, Socorro S, Oliveira PF. High-energy diets may induce a pre-diabetic state altering testicular glycolytic metabolic profile and male reproductive parameters. Andrology 2013; 1:495-504. [PMID: 23495257 DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-2927.2013.00071.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder that may arise from diet habits and is growing to epidemic proportions. Young male diabetic patients present high infertility/subfertility prevalence resulting from impaired reproductive function and poor semen quality. We aimed to evaluate the effects of a high-energy diet (HED) on glucose tolerance/insulin levels and correlate the observed effects on male reproductive function with overall testicular metabolism. After 1 month, HED fed rats showed increased glycaemic levels, impaired glucose tolerance and hypoinsulinaemia. Moreover, an imbalance of intratesticular and serum testosterone levels was observed, whereas those of 17β-estradiol were not altered. High-energy diet also affected the reproductive parameters, with HED rats exhibiting a significant increase in abnormal sperm morphology. Glycolytic metabolism was favoured in testicles of HED rats with an increased expression of both glucose transporters 1 (GLUT1) and 3 (GLUT3) and the enzyme phosphofrutokinase 1. Moreover, lactate production and the expression of metabolism-associated genes and proteins involved in lactate production and transport were also enhanced by HED. Alanine testicular content was decreased and thus intratesticular lactate/alanine ratio in HED rats was increased, suggesting increased oxidative stress. Other energetic substrates such as acetate and creatine were not altered in testis from HED rats, but intratesticular glycine content was increased in those animals. Taken together, these results suggest that HED induces a pre-diabetic state that may impair reproductive function by modulating overall testicular metabolism. This is the first report on testicular metabolic features and mechanisms related with the onset of a pre-diabetic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Rato
- Health Sciences Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior CICS-UBI, Covilhã 6201-506, Portugal
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17
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Santana M, Batista M, Alamo D, González F, Niño T, Cabrera F, Gracia A. Influence of cool storage before freezing on the quality of frozen-thawed semen samples in dogs. Reprod Domest Anim 2012; 48:165-70. [PMID: 22681386 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2012.02124.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determinate the semen quality of frozen-thawed samples that were chilled for up to 2 days before freezing. The ejaculates (n = 18) from six dogs were collected, pooled and divided into six aliquots. The first aliquot (C, control) was frozen in liquid nitrogen using a conventional protocol to reach a final concentration of 100 × 10(6) spermatozoa/ml, 20% egg yolk and 5% glycerol. The remaining five aliquots were diluted with a chilled extender (Tris-glucose and 20% egg yolk) and cooled at 4 °C as follows: R1, the semen was cooled for 1 h; R6, the semen was cooled for 6 h; R12, the semen was cooled for 12 h; R24, the semen was cooled for 24 h and R48, the semen was cooled for 48 h. After the chilling period, a second extender was added (Tris-glucose, 20% egg yolk, 10% glycerol and Equex at 1%) to reach a final composition similar to aliquot C, and then, the semen samples (R1, R6, R12, R24 and R48) were frozen in liquid nitrogen. The post-thaw sperm quality was assessed in 30 straws from each experimental group. After freezing-thawing, the total sperm motility (approximately 60-70%) in the semen chilled for up to 48 h did not show any differences from the samples frozen by the conventional cryopreservation method (63.2%). No significant differences were detected in the percentages of abnormal sperm cells among the fresh semen, the control group and the frozen samples after the different cooling times. Finally, the post-thaw percentages of damaged acrosomes showed a very uniform distribution, with mean values ranging between 7% and 10.5%. The results clearly demonstrated that cooling the semen up to 48 h before freezing did not produce a decrease in the semen quality when was compared with semen frozen by a traditional procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Santana
- Unit of Reproduction and Obstetrics, Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain
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18
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Batista M, Santana M, Niño T, Alamo D, Cabrera F, González F, Gracia A. Sperm viability of canine and caprine semen samples preserved in a dry shipper. Anim Reprod Sci 2012; 130:105-10. [PMID: 22277843 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2011.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Revised: 11/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the efficacy of a dry shipper to preserve canine and caprine semen samples. After equilibration, semen straws from six Majorera bucks and five dogs were frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen (LN). Thirty days after freezing, half of the frozen straws were transferred from LN to a dry shipper (DS). Then, thawing was performed at 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 days and the percentages of motile spermatozoa, acrosome intact spermatozoa and abnormal spermatozoa were determined. The sperm motility (total and progressive) of canine semen samples preserved with DS was quite similar to those preserved in LN, and no significant differences were observed throughout the experimental period. In addition, no differences were observed in the number of abnormal spermatozoa (range: 13.2-19.0%) or intact acrosome (range 91.3-95%) between both storage protocols. Buck semen samples showed equivalent levels of progressive motility (between 50% and 60%) and intact acrosome membrane (around 70%) during the first 3 days of storage in both procedures; however, from the fifth day of storage onwards, a notable decrease in semen quality was observed in the samples preserved in DS, showing a dramatic fall in the semen viability after 7 days of preservation (12.3% and 36.8%, progressive fast spermatozoa and acrosome integrity, respectively). In dog samples, the present study confirmed that seminal quality did not show modifications for the preservation period (7 days), confirming the efficacy of the dry shipper to preserve frozen samples for a short time. However, under the circumstances reported in this study, the sperm quality of buck samples preserved in the dry shipper only held during the first 3 days of storage, and therefore, its practical application could be more limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Batista
- Unit of Reproduction and Obstetrics, Veterinary Faculty, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Arucas, Las Palmas, Spain.
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19
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Cheuquemán C, Bravo P, Treulén F, Giojalas L, Villegas J, Sánchez R, Risopatrón J. Sperm membrane functionality in the dog assessed by flow cytometry. Reprod Domest Anim 2011; 47:39-43. [PMID: 21535242 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0531.2011.01798.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The objective assessment of sperm function increases the chances of predicting the fertilizing capacity of a fresh semen sample or diagnosing infertility problems. In this study, the available flow cytometry technique was used to determine the membrane functional capacity of canine spermatozoa. The second fractions of ejaculates from six dogs were pooled, and samples (n = 26) processed to determine the variables: sperm viability and plasma membrane integrity by Sybr-14/Pi staining; phosphatidylserine (PS) translocation by Annexin-V-FITC/PI labelling; acrosome membrane integrity by FITC-conjugated Pisum sativum agglutinin/PI labelling; and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) by staining with JC-1. Means for the 26 examined samples indicated that 82.66 ± 2.8% of the viable spermatozoa showed an intact plasma membrane, 8.4 ± 2.6% were moribund, 72.7 ± 16% had an intact acrosome, 80.9 ± 17% had high ΔΨm and 8.1 ± 11% had PS translocation with a PS translocation index of 2.1 ± 3%. Motility was only correlated with PS translocation (R = 0.3901; p = 0.0488), and acrosome membrane integrity was correlated with PS translocation (R = -0.5816; p = 0.0018). This study provides objective physiological data on the functional capacity of canine spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cheuquemán
- Faculty of Medicine, University of La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
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20
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Bayemi PH, Leinyuy I, Nsongka VM, Webb EC, Ebangi AL. Viability of cattle sperm under different storage conditions in Cameroon. Trop Anim Health Prod 2010; 42:1779-83. [PMID: 20602167 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-010-9637-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A study was carried out to evaluate the viability of extended cattle semen, without freezing, under different storage conditions. The semen was collected from Holstein Friesian bulls using artificial vaginas. The semen was extended and stored in a 3-by-4 factorial design (storage system × ice change). The storage media were ice boxes, buckets, and refrigerator. The ice in these media was either replaced daily, on the first and third day, first day only, or no ice at all after the semen collection. Results showed an overwhelming evidence of the effect of storage medium and ice change on sperm viability (P<0.0001). Individual motility before processing was highest in the refrigerator with averages of 44.5%, 39.5% in ice boxes, and 10% in buckets during the 8-day experiment. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in progressive motility after processing in the refrigerator (34%) and in ice boxes (33%) but significantly higher (P<0.01) to the 10% obtained in buckets. It was shown that spermatozoa in the ice box retained 45% individual motility up to the sixth day after semen was collected on the condition that the ice was changed on the third day. Progressive motility after processing in the ice box was 40% up to the sixth day with the ice changed on the third day while the spermatozoa were well preserved up to the fourth day in the same medium if the ice put on the first day was not changed. This study shows that, if farmers plan to inseminate cows within the first day after semen collection, they can use buckets with ice for the transportation of the extended semen ampoules from the artificial insemination center. Otherwise, the semen needs to be kept in ice boxes and the ice changed on the third day after collection and this semen could be used within a week.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Bayemi
- Institute of Agricultural Research for Development, Bambui B.P. 51, Bamenda, Cameroon.
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