1
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Gillis JD, Holt WV, Penfold LM, Woad KJ, Graham JK, Watts JA, Gardner DS, Yon L. Cryo-scanning electron microscopy demonstrates that ice morphology is not associated with the post-thaw survival of domestic boar (Sus domesticus) spermatozoa: A comparison of directional and conventional freezing methods. Cryobiology 2022; 108:10-18. [PMID: 36084733 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Directional freezing (in 2 or 10 ml hollow glass tubes) has been reported to improve post-thaw sperm survival parameters compared to conventional methods (in 0.5 ml straws). However, the biophysical properties that increase post-thaw survival are poorly understood. Therefore, the aim for the current study was to investigate the effect of ice morphology on the post-thaw survival of domestic boar spermatozoa directionally and conventionally cryopreserved in 0.5 ml straws. Ice morphology was quantitatively analyzed using a combination of cryo-scanning electron microscopy and Fiji Shape Descriptors. Multivariate analysis found a significant, non-linear effect (p < 0.05) of interface velocity on ice morphology, with an increase in both ice-lake size, as indicated by area and in aspect ratio, at an interface velocity of 0.2 mm/s. By contrast, post-thaw sperm survival (defined as spermatozoa with both intact plasma membranes and acrosomes) was biphasic, with peaks of survival at interface velocities of 0.2 mm/s (54.2 ± 1.9%), and 1.0 or 1.5 mm/s (56.5 ± 1.5%, 56.7 ± 1.7% respectively), and lowest survival at 0.5 (52.1 ± 1.6%) and 3.0 mm/s (51.4 ± 1.9%). Despite numerical differences in Shape Descriptors, there was no difference (p > 0.05) in the post-thaw survival between conventionally and directionally cryopreserved samples at optimal interface velocities of 1.0 or 1.5 mm/s. These findings suggest that: 1) ice morphology has little impact on post-thaw survival of boar spermatozoa, and 2) directional freezing in 0.5 ml straws (rather than 2 or 10 ml hollow glass tubes) may attenuate benefits of directional freezing.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Gillis
- South-East Zoo Alliance for Reproduction & Conservation, 581705 White Oak Road, Yulee, FL, 32097, USA; School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - William V Holt
- Academic Department of Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, University of Sheffield, Level 4, Jessop Wing, Tree Root Walk, Sheffield, S10 2SF, UK
| | - Linda M Penfold
- South-East Zoo Alliance for Reproduction & Conservation, 581705 White Oak Road, Yulee, FL, 32097, USA
| | - Kathryn J Woad
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - James K Graham
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80521, USA
| | - Julie A Watts
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - David S Gardner
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Lisa Yon
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, LE12 5RD, UK
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2
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Montano G, Clough P, Schmitt T, Davis M, Steinman K, O’Brien J, Robeck T. Follicular and Hormonal Changes after Estrous Synchronization in Bottlenose Dolphins. REPRODUCTION AND FERTILITY 2022; 3:RAF-22-0039. [PMID: 36074941 PMCID: PMC9578064 DOI: 10.1530/raf-22-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
To gain more knowledge about the influence of hormone regulation on follicle development, ovarian ultrasounds were performed, and urinary hormone profiles were determined in ovulating and non-ovulating female bottlenose dolphins (n = 15) following estrus synchronization with altrenogest. Ovarian ultrasounds were conducted daily, post synchronization to describe follicular recruitment in relationship to the endocrine profile. Follicle sizes were grouped into very small (VSM), small (SM), medium (MD) and large (LG). In ovulating females, two follicular waves were identified, and follicular deviation towards establishing a dominant follicle only occurred during the second wave. For non-ovulating females, only the first wave was observed. For all urinary hormones, the non-ovulating group presented significantly lower concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone (uFSH), luteinizing hormone (uLH), estrone conjugates (uE1-C) and estriol (uE3) but similar progestagen and cortisol concentrations compared to the ovulating group. Concentrations of uE1-C and uE3 and numbers of MD and LG follicles significantly (P < 0.05) increased, while uFSH concentrations significantly (P < 0.05) decreased as ovulation approached. Urinary LH significantly increased concurrently with increasing numbers of LG follicles and decreasing numbers of SM follicles. The characterization of follicular development and its relationship with hormone assessments complements our understanding of follicular recruitment post-synchronization in bottlenose dolphins and provides new information concerning differences between ovulating and non-ovulating females in response to an estrous synchronization protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisele Montano
- SeaWorld and Busch Gardens Species Preservation Laboratory, SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment Inc., Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Pat Clough
- Dolphin Research Center, Grassy Key, Florida, USA
| | - Todd Schmitt
- SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment Inc., SeaWorld California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Michelle Davis
- SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment Inc., SeaWorld Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Karen Steinman
- SeaWorld and Busch Gardens Species Preservation Laboratory, SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment Inc., Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Justine O’Brien
- SeaWorld and Busch Gardens Species Preservation Laboratory, SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment Inc., Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Todd Robeck
- SeaWorld and Busch Gardens Species Preservation Laboratory, SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment Inc., Orlando, Florida, USA
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3
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Shimizu K, Honkawa Y, Akiyama Y, Kashiwagi N, Otsuka M, Ando T. Utility of carboxylated poly L-lysine for the liquid storage of bottlenose dolphin semen. Anim Reprod Sci 2021; 236:106889. [PMID: 34883419 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2021.106889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Assisted reproduction techniques are required to maintain a genetically diverse captive population of bottlenose dolphins. These techniques include semen preservation, and liquid storage has been proposed as a suitable alternative to cryopreservation, but the optimum conditions, in terms of temperature, duration, and media, have yet to be fully established. The aim of this study, therefore, was to determine the optimum temperature for the liquid storage of dolphin semen during a 14-day period and the usefulness of carboxylated poly-L-lysine (CPLL) as an additive to the semen extender used for the liquid storage. The semen was collected from a mature male dolphin housed at the Kagoshima Aquarium, Japan, transferred into a Beltsville (BF5F) extender, and analyzed for motility and characteristics after five-fold dilution. The optimum temperature was determined by evaluating sperm viability after liquid storage at 4, 17, or 36 °C, and the usefulness of CPLL was evaluated at concentrations of 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.0%, and 3.0% (v/v) at the optimum temperature. Sperm stored at 4 ℃ had a greater motility maintenance compared with samples stored at 17 or 36 ℃. The most efficacious storage regimen at various time points occurred when there was addition of CPLL at 1.0% (v/v) in terms of sperm motility and other relevant determinations, with this storage approach having greater efficacy that samples stored without CPLL. The most efficacious processes for preserving bottlenose dolphin sperm functions is storage at 4 °C and with there being semen extender supplementation of 1% CPLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotaro Shimizu
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan; Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Honkawa
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Akiyama
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | | | | | - Takaaki Ando
- Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
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4
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Fuentes-Albero MC, González-Brusi L, Cots P, Luongo C, Abril-Sánchez S, Ros-Santaella JL, Pintus E, Ruiz-Díaz S, Barros-García C, Sánchez-Calabuig MJ, García-Párraga D, Avilés M, Izquierdo Rico MJ, García-Vázquez FA. Protein Identification of Spermatozoa and Seminal Plasma in Bottlenose Dolphin ( Tursiops truncatus). Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:673961. [PMID: 34336830 PMCID: PMC8323341 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.673961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins play an important role in many reproductive functions such as sperm maturation, sperm transit in the female genital tract or sperm-oocyte interaction. However, in general, little information concerning reproductive features is available in the case of aquatic animals. The present study aims to characterize the proteome of both spermatozoa and seminal plasma of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) as a model organism for cetaceans. Ejaculate samples were obtained from two trained dolphins housed in an aquarium. Spermatozoa and seminal plasma were analyzed by means of proteomic analyses using an LC-MS/MS, and a list with the gene symbols corresponding to each protein was submitted to the DAVID database. Of the 419 proteins identified in spermatozoa and 303 in seminal plasma, 111 proteins were shared by both. Furthermore, 70 proteins were identified as involved in reproductive processes, 39 in spermatozoa, and 31 in seminal plasma. The five most abundant proteins were also identified in these samples: AKAP3, ODF2, TUBB, GSTM3, ROPN1 for spermatozoa and CST11, LTF, ALB, HSP90B1, PIGR for seminal plasma. In conclusion, this study provides the first characterization of the proteome in cetacean sperm and seminal plasma, opening the way to future research into new biomarkers, the analysis of conservation capacity or possible additional applications in the field of assisted reproductive technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari-Carmen Fuentes-Albero
- Department of Biology, Avanqua-Oceanogràfic S.L, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Leopoldo González-Brusi
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Paula Cots
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Chiara Luongo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Silvia Abril-Sánchez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - José Luis Ros-Santaella
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Eliana Pintus
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Sara Ruiz-Díaz
- Department of Animal Reproduction, National Agricultural and Food Research and Technology Institute (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María-Jesús Sánchez-Calabuig
- Department of Animal Reproduction, National Agricultural and Food Research and Technology Institute (INIA), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel García-Párraga
- Department of Biology, Avanqua-Oceanogràfic S.L, Valencia, Spain.,Research Department, Fundación Oceanogràfic, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Avilés
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Mᵃ José Izquierdo Rico
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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5
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Terasawa F, Akiyama H, Sakuragi T, Haneda S, Shirakata C. Embryo and fetal position during pregnancy by ultrasonographic examinations in bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). J Vet Med Sci 2021; 83:1138-1143. [PMID: 34092744 PMCID: PMC8349815 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.21-0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
From 2012 to 2017, serial ultrasonographic evaluation of 5 healthy bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus, were performed over the course of
6 pregnancies in Enoshima Aquarium. A total of 98 ultrasonographic examinations were included in the study. In three out of six cases, two embryos were observed
between umbilicus and genital slit, and side of umbilicus in the dam’s body. All embryos were located in right below the peritoneum and observed from 308 to 325
days pre-partum. These days were corresponding to from 58 to 61 days after copulation respectively. The diameter of the embryo sac was
approximately 4 cm. In three cases, the fetal head was located in the dam’s left lateral between umbilicus and genital slit from approximately 90 days
pre-partum to the parturition. A snout of fetus is at the top of the uterine horn, and the tail lies close to the cervix. All six calves were
fluke-first births (breech presentation). It was conjectured that the contraction of the dam’s uterus during parturition forced the fetus to invert, and the
fetal tail fluke was expelled from the dam’s body. In three cases, judging from orientation of fetal tail fluke faced towards left side of the dam, a fetal
position might be RSL (Right Sacrum-Lateral) within the birth canal. In the other three cases, the left and right positions of the fetus and the dam’s body are
reversed during pregnancy and parturition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumio Terasawa
- Enoshima Aquarium, 2-19-1 Katase-kaigan, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-0035, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Akiyama
- Enoshima Aquarium, 2-19-1 Katase-kaigan, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-0035, Japan
| | - Toru Sakuragi
- Enoshima Aquarium, 2-19-1 Katase-kaigan, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-0035, Japan
| | - Shuto Haneda
- Enoshima Aquarium, 2-19-1 Katase-kaigan, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-0035, Japan
| | - Chika Shirakata
- Enoshima Aquarium, 2-19-1 Katase-kaigan, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-0035, Japan
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6
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The ART of bringing extinction to a freeze - History and future of species conservation, exemplified by rhinos. Theriogenology 2021; 169:76-88. [PMID: 33940218 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing mass extinction of animal species at an unprecedented rate is largely caused by human activities. Progressive habitat destruction and fragmentation is resulting in accelerated loss of biodiversity on a global scale. Over decades, captive breeding programs of non-domestic species were characterized by efforts to optimize species-specific husbandry, to increase studbook-based animal exchange, and to improve enclosure designs. To counter the ongoing dramatic loss of biodiversity, new approaches are warranted. Recently, new ideas, particularly the application of assisted reproduction technologies (ART), have been incorporated into classical zoo breeding programs. These technologies include semen and oocyte collection, artificial insemination, and in-vitro embryo generation. More futuristic ideas of advanced ART (aART) implement recent advances in biotechnology and stem-cell related approaches such as cloning, inner cell mass transfer (ICM), and the stem-cell-associated techniques (SCAT) for the generation of gametes and ultimately embryos of highly endangered species, such as the northern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum cottoni) of which only two female individuals are left. Both, ART and aART greatly depend on and benefit from the rapidly evolving cryopreservation techniques and biobanking not only of genetic, but also of viable cellular materials suitable for the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). The availability of cryopreserved materials bridges gaps in time and space, thereby optimizing the available genetic variability and enhancing the chance to restore viable populations.
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7
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Loureiro JD, Migliorisi AL, Loureiro JP, Rodríguez Heredia S, Rebollo J, Álvarez KC, Morón S, Nuñez Favre R. Breeding program in rehabilitated bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus gephyreus) from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean. Zoo Biol 2021; 40:208-217. [PMID: 33606298 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Tursiops truncatus gephyreus is only found in the inshore waters of the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean. They are organized in small socially, structured groups, which lead to low genetic variability and high anthropogenic threats. Currently, the information about their reproductive biology and management is still insufficient. Thus, this study aims to present novel information recorded for 20 years regarding reproductive parameters in a small population of captive T. t. gephyreus. Three of the animals involved were found stranded in La Plata River estuary and, the other two were born at the oceanarium. Thirteen semen evaluations showed high-quality semen with a low percentage of sperm abnormalities. Twelve pregnancies and parturitions were observed. There was a clear calving seasonality during austral spring and summer. The duration of phase-2 of labor was approximately 80 min, being the caudal presentation the most frequent. The average inter-birth interval (IBI) was about 33 months. This is the first report that closely monitored parturition, IBI, and seminal evaluation in this species. Information gathered during this program will allow the development of adequate conservation plans for free-ranging populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio D Loureiro
- Oceanario Mundo Marino, San Clemente del Tuyú, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Fundación Mundo Marino, San Clemente del Tuyú, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana L Migliorisi
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Juan P Loureiro
- Oceanario Mundo Marino, San Clemente del Tuyú, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Fundación Mundo Marino, San Clemente del Tuyú, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sergio Rodríguez Heredia
- Oceanario Mundo Marino, San Clemente del Tuyú, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Fundación Mundo Marino, San Clemente del Tuyú, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jorge Rebollo
- Oceanario Mundo Marino, San Clemente del Tuyú, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Karina C Álvarez
- Oceanario Mundo Marino, San Clemente del Tuyú, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Fundación Mundo Marino, San Clemente del Tuyú, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sergio Morón
- Oceanario Mundo Marino, San Clemente del Tuyú, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Fundación Mundo Marino, San Clemente del Tuyú, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Romina Nuñez Favre
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICET), CABA, Argentina
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8
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Ruiz-Díaz S, Luongo C, Fuentes-Albero MC, Abril-Sánchez S, Sánchez-Calabuig MJ, Barros-García C, De la Fe C, García-Galán A, Ros-Santaella JL, Pintus E, Garcia-Párraga D, García-Vázquez FA. Effect of temperature and cell concentration on dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) spermatozoa quality evaluated at different days of refrigeration. Anim Reprod Sci 2019; 212:106248. [PMID: 31864493 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2019.106248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The use of cryopreserved dolphin spermatozoa facilitates the exchange of genetic material between aquatic parks and makes spermatozoa accessible to laboratories for studies to further our understanding of marine mammal reproduction. Sperm cryopreservation in the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) has been developed for the exchange of gametes within the ex situ population. The aim of this study was to develop an effective method for refrigeration of bottlenose dolphin spermatozoa diluted in a commercial extender (BTS). In Experiment 1, the effect of temperature (5 compared with 15 °C) on sperm quality was evaluated during 7 days of storage at 100 × 106 spermatozoa/ml. In Experiment 2, the effect of the storage concentration (100 × 106 compared with 20 × 106 spermatozoa/ml) on sperm quality was assessed during 7 days of storage at 5 °C. In Experiment 1, total motility (including % of rapid sperm) was greater at 5 than 15 °C. When the effect of storage concentration was evaluated (Experiment 2), total motility and ALH were greater at the higher storage concentration (100 × 106 spermatozoa/ml). For both experiments, values for viability, acrosome integrity, and normal morphology variables were consistent throughout the 7 days of refrigeration. In Experiment 3, a microbiological study was performed to evaluate the effect of the refrigeration temperature and days of storage on bacterial growth. The results of microbiological analysis indicated there was Staphylococcus aureus in some samples, however, there was no effect of temperature or days of refrigeration. In conclusion, bottlenose dolphin semen can be refrigerated for a short to medium period of storage and there is maintenance of functionality of sperm when stored at 100 × 106 spermatozoa/ml at 5 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ruiz-Díaz
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, Spain
| | - C Luongo
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, Spain
| | | | - S Abril-Sánchez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, Spain
| | - M J Sánchez-Calabuig
- Department of Animal Reproduction, INIA, Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Barros-García
- Biology Department, Avanqua-Oceanogràfic S.L, 46013, Valencia, Spain
| | - C De la Fe
- Ruminant Health Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n., 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - A García-Galán
- Ruminant Health Research Group, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo s/n., 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - J L Ros-Santaella
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Praha 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - E Pintus
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 00, Praha 6-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - D Garcia-Párraga
- Biology Department, Avanqua-Oceanogràfic S.L, 46013, Valencia, Spain; Research Department, Fundación Oceanogràfic, 46013, Valencia, Spain
| | - F A García-Vázquez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Campus Mare Nostrum, Spain.
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9
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Beirão J, Boulais M, Gallego V, O'Brien JK, Peixoto S, Robeck TR, Cabrita E. Sperm handling in aquatic animals for artificial reproduction. Theriogenology 2019; 133:161-178. [PMID: 31108371 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Artificial reproduction involves collection and handling of gametes in a way that secures their quality and maximizes the fertilization outcome. In addition to initial sperm quality, numerous steps can affect the final result of fertilization, from the sperm collection process until gamete mixing (or co-incubation) when the spermatozoon enters or fuses with the oocyte. In this review, we summarize the whole process of sperm handling, from collection until fertilization for fish, penaeid shrimp, bivalve mollusks and marine mammals. To obtain sperm from captive animals, techniques vary widely across taxa, and include stripping by abdominal massage or testis surgical removal in fish, spermatophore collection in penaeid shrimps, gonadal scarification or temperature shock in bivalve mollusks, and voluntary collection via positive reinforcement in mammals. In most cases, special care is needed to avoid contamination by mucus, seawater, urine, or feces that can either activate sperm motility and/or decrease its quality. We also review techniques and extender solutions used for refrigerated storage of sperm across the aforementioned taxa. Finally, we give an overview of the different protocols for in vivo and in vitro fertilization including activation of sperm motility and methods for gamete co-incubation. The present study provides valuable information regarding breeder management either for animal production or species conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Beirão
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, NO - 8049, Bodø, Norway.
| | - Myrina Boulais
- University of Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, rue Dumont d'Urville, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Victor Gallego
- Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Justine K O'Brien
- Taronga Institute of Science and Learning, Taronga Conservation Society, Bradleys Head Rd, Mosman NSW, 2088, Australia
| | - Silvio Peixoto
- Departamento de Pesca e Aquicultura, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Todd R Robeck
- SeaWorld Species Preservation Lab, SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment, 2595 Ingraham Road, San Diego, CA, 92019, USA
| | - Elsa Cabrita
- CCMAR, University of Algarve, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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10
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van der Horst G, Medger K, Steckler D, Luther I, Bartels P. Bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) sperm revisited: Motility, morphology and ultrastructure of fresh sperm of consecutive ejaculates. Anim Reprod Sci 2018; 195:309-320. [PMID: 29954651 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Computer aided sperm analysis systems allow detailed examination of sperm motility and morphology variables, which are important for the understanding of the spermatology of a species and the development of assisted reproductive techniques. Cetacean biology is too complex to study in the wild and data from captive individuals provide an important alternative for the conservation of these charismatic animals. The present study evaluates ejaculate and sperm characteristics, including sperm motility, kinematic variables and quantitative sperm morphology and ultrastructure, of consecutive ejaculates from Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Sperm concentrations and total and progressive motilities were greater in the second than the first ejaculate, with all ejaculates being of very high quality (6.9-1127 × 106/ml sperm concentration, 75% to 91% total motility and 89% to 96% normal sperm). Most sperm in an ejaculate (≥84%) were highly (VCL>150 μm/s) and progressively motile with very few abnormal sperm. The sperm have small heads, a short but very bulky midpiece and a long tail. Detailed sperm morphometrics using CASA indicated there were similarities from one ejaculate to the next. The large mitochondria with extensive cristae mitochondriales are tightly packed in the midpiece resulting in a large midpiece volume. All the semen and sperm characteristics indicate high quality sperm and support the assumption that a multimale mating system is present in T. truncatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard van der Horst
- University of the Western Cape, Private Bag X17, Bellville 7535, South Africa; National Zoological Garden, South African National Biodiversity Institute, PO Box 754, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
| | - Katarina Medger
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield/Pretoria 0028, South Africa.
| | - Daniela Steckler
- Section of Reproduction, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria 0110, South Africa.
| | | | - Paul Bartels
- Department of Nature Conservation, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria-West 0001, South Africa.
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11
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Katsumata E, Jaroenporn S, Ueda Y, Arai K, Katsumata H, Watanabe G, Taya K. Circulating gonadotropins and testicular hormones during sexual maturation and annual changes in male bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:1899-1905. [PMID: 28993599 PMCID: PMC5709572 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.16-0544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To reveal the reproductive biology in male bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), circulating gonadotropins (follicle stimulating hormone [FSH] and luteinizing hormone [LH]) and testicular hormones
(testosterone and inhibin) were monitored for 8−12 years in 2 captive bottlenose dolphins (Mars and Regulus). During the study period, Mars was undergoing sexual maturation, whereas Regulus was already mature at the beginning of
the study. Assuming that Mars had reached sexual maturity when the significant increase in circulating testosterone levels was observed, serum concentration of inhibin was higher in the sexually immature stage than in the mature
stage, whereas the serum concentration of FSH was higher in the sexually mature stage than in the immature stage. No difference was observed in the LH levels between pre- and post-sexual maturation. There was a significant
increase in serum concentration of testosterone during spring in both animals. These results suggest that the mechanism responsible for regulating FSH secretion by inhibin functions during the sexually immature stage in this
species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etsuko Katsumata
- Kamogawa Sea World, 1464-18 Higashi-cho, Kamogawa, Chiba 296-0041, Japan
| | - Sukanya Jaroenporn
- Primate Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Yoko Ueda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Arai
- Kamogawa Sea World, 1464-18 Higashi-cho, Kamogawa, Chiba 296-0041, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Katsumata
- Kamogawa Sea World, 1464-18 Higashi-cho, Kamogawa, Chiba 296-0041, Japan
| | - Gen Watanabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.,United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Taya
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.,International Marine Biological Research Institute, Kamogawa Sea World, 1464-18 Higashi-cho, Kamogawa, Chiba 296-0041, Japan
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12
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Sánchez-Calabuig MJ, García-Vázquez FA, Laguna-Barraza R, Barros-García C, García-Parraga D, Rizos D, Gutiérrez Adan A, Pérez-Gutíerrez JF. Bottlenose Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) Spermatozoa: Collection, Cryopreservation, and Heterologous In Vitro Fertilization. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 28872129 DOI: 10.3791/55237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of cryopreserved dolphin spermatozoa facilitates the exchange of genetic material between aquatic parks and makes spermatozoa accessible to laboratories for studies to further our understanding of marine mammal reproduction. Heterologous IVF, a replacement for homologous IVF, could provide a means to test the sperm fertility potential; to study gamete physiology and early embryo development; and to avoid the use of valuable dolphin oocytes, which are difficult to obtain. Here, we present protocols that have been successfully used to collect and cryopreserve dolphin spermatozoa. The collection of semen is performed by manual stimulation on trained dolphins. Cryopreservation is accomplished using a TRIS egg-yolk based extender with glycerol. In addition, we present a protocol that describes heterologous IVF using dolphin spermatozoa and bovine oocytes and that verifies the hybrid nature of the resulting embryo using PCR. Heterologous fertilization raises questions on fertilization and can be used as a tool to study gamete physiology and early embryo development. In addition, the success of heterologous IVF demonstrates the potential of this technique to test dolphin sperm fertilizing capacity, which is worth further examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Jesús Sánchez-Calabuig
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA); Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid
| | | | - Ricardo Laguna-Barraza
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)
| | | | - Daniel García-Parraga
- Veterinary Services, L'Oceanográfic, Ciudad de las Artes y las Ciencias, Junta de Murs i Vals, s/n, 46013
| | - Dimitrios Rizos
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)
| | - Alfonso Gutiérrez Adan
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA)
| | - José Félix Pérez-Gutíerrez
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid;
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13
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Boroda AV. Marine mammal cell cultures: To obtain, to apply, and to preserve. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 129:316-328. [PMID: 28683932 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The world's oceans today have become a place for the disposal of toxic waste, which leads to the degradation of marine mammal habitats and populations. Marine mammal cell cultures have proven to be a multifunctional tool for studying the peculiarities of the cell physiology and biochemistry of these animals as well as the destructive effects of anthropogenic and natural toxicants. This review describes the sources of marine mammal live tissues and the methods required for establishing cell cultures, their use, and long-term storage. Approaches to conserving rare animal species by applying cell biology methodologies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Boroda
- A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 17 Palchevsky St., Vladivostok, 690041, Russia.
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14
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Martínez-Páramo S, Horváth Á, Labbé C, Zhang T, Robles V, Herráez P, Suquet M, Adams S, Viveiros A, Tiersch TR, Cabrita E. Cryobanking of aquatic species. AQUACULTURE (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 472:156-177. [PMID: 29276317 PMCID: PMC5737826 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2016.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This review is focused on the applications of genome cryobanking of aquatic species including freshwater and marine fish, as well as invertebrates. It also reviews the latest advances in cryobanking of model species, widely used by the scientific community worldwide, because of their applications in several fields. The state of the art of cryopreservation of different cellular types (sperm, oocytes, embryos, somatic cells and primordial germ cells or early spermatogonia) is discussed focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of each procedure according to different applications. A special review on the need of standardization of protocols has also been carried out. In summary, this comprehensive review provides information on the practical details of applications of genome cryobanking in a range of aquatic species worldwide, including the cryobanks established in Europe, USA, Brazil, Australia and New Zealand, the species and type of cells that constitute these banks and the utilization of the samples preserved. STATEMENT OF RELEVANCE This review compiles the last advances on germplasm cryobanking of freshwater and marine fish species and invertebrates, with high value for commercial aquaculture or conservation. It is reviewed the most promising cryopreservation protocols for different cell types, embryos and larvae that could be applied in programs for genetic improvement, broodstock management or conservation of stocks to guarantee culture production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Martínez-Páramo
- CCMAR-Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Ákos Horváth
- Department of Aquaculture, Szent István University, H-2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Catherine Labbé
- INRA, Fish Physiology and Genomics, Campus de Beaulieu, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Talbot Campus, Fern Barrow, Poole, Dorset BH12 5BB, United Kingdom
| | - Vanesa Robles
- IEO, Spanish Oceanographic Institute, Santander Oceanographic Centre, El Bocal, Barrio Corbanera s/n Bocal, 39012 Monte, Santander, Spain
| | - Paz Herráez
- Department of Molecular Biology and INDEGSAL, University of León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Marc Suquet
- IFREMER, PFOM Dept, Stn Expt Argenton, UMR, 6539 Argenton, France
| | - Serean Adams
- Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7042, New Zealand
- AgResearch, Private Bag 3123, Ruakura, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Ana Viveiros
- Department of Animal Sciences, Federal University of Lavras, UFLA, MG 37200-000, Brazil
| | - Terrence R. Tiersch
- Aquatic Germplasm and Genetic Resources Center, School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Elsa Cabrita
- CCMAR-Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Campus Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
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15
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Bergfelt DR, Blum JL, Steinetz BG, Steinman KJ, O'Brien JK, Robeck TR. Relaxin as a hormonal aid to evaluate pregnancy and pregnancy loss in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 242:24-29. [PMID: 26724576 PMCID: PMC4919223 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to critically evaluate weekly and monthly circulating concentrations of immunoreactive relaxin throughout pregnancies that resulted in live births, stillbirths, and abortions in aquarium-based bottlenose dolphins. A relaxin RIA was used to analyze serum collected during 74 pregnancies involving 41 dolphins and 8 estrous cycles as well as 8 non-pregnant dolphins. Pregnancies resulted in live births (n=60), stillbirths (n=7), or abortions (n=7). Relative to parturition (Month 0), monthly changes (P<0.0001) in relaxin was indicated by relatively low concentrations during early pregnancy (Months -12 to -9) which subsequently increased (P<0.05) during mid- (Months -8 to -5) to late (Months -4 to -1) pregnancy; relaxin was highest (P<0.05) at the time of parturition. Post-parturition (Month 1), concentrations decreased (P<0.05). During the first 4weeks post-ovulation, relaxin concentrations were not different between pregnant and non-pregnant dolphins (status-by-week interaction, P=0.59). Status-by-month interaction (P<0.0002) involving different pregnancy outcomes was due, impart, to an increase in relaxin during early pregnancy (P<0.05) that was comparable among dolphins with live births, stillbirths, and abortions except concentrations were lower (P<0.05; 52%) at mid-pregnancy in association with pregnancy loss. Thereafter, concentrations increased (P<0.05) during late pregnancy in dolphins with stillbirths but not in dolphins with abortions. In conclusion, this study provided new information on the pregnancy-specific nature of relaxin, critical evaluation of the fundamental characteristics of relaxin during pregnancy and pregnancy loss, and clarification on the strengths and limitations of relaxin as a diagnostic aid to determine pregnancy status and assess maternal-fetal health in bottlenose dolphins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Don R Bergfelt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre KN 00265, Saint Kitts and Nevis, West Indies.
| | - Jason L Blum
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY 10987, United States.
| | - Bernard G Steinetz
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY 10987, United States.
| | - Karen J Steinman
- SeaWorld and Busch Gardens Reproductive Research Center, San Diego, CA 92109, United States.
| | - Justin K O'Brien
- SeaWorld and Busch Gardens Reproductive Research Center, San Diego, CA 92109, United States.
| | - Todd R Robeck
- SeaWorld and Busch Gardens Reproductive Research Center, San Diego, CA 92109, United States.
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16
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Steinman KJ, Robeck TR, O'Brien JK. Characterization of estrogens, testosterone, and cortisol in normal bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) pregnancy. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2016; 226:102-12. [PMID: 26718081 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to describe profiles of serum estrogens, testosterone and cortisol during normal pregnancy in bottlenose dolphins. Predominant estrogens in all categories of dolphin sera pools during estrus and pregnancy (EARLY: Days 0-120; MID: Days 121-240; LATE: Days 241 to parturition; Day 0=day of conception) were estrone/estrone conjugates (E1-C) and estriol (E3). Serum samples collected throughout 101 normal pregnancies were analyzed for E1-C, E3, testosterone (T) and cortisol (CORT). E1-C was higher (P<0.05) during LATE compared to EARLY and MID, and higher (P<0.05) in nulliparous than multiparous females. E1-C concentrations were also inversely associated with maternal age (P=0.05). E3 was higher (P<0.05) in EARLY than MID and LATE, and higher overall for nulliparous than multiparous females, but concentrations were similar among gestational stages when parity was excluded from analyses. Analysis by indexed month post-conception (IMPC) demonstrated that E1-C increased from IMPC 9 and peaked at IMPC 11. E3 was significantly elevated during IMPC 1, decreased until IMPC 6 and peaked at IMPC 11. T increased (P<0.05) at IMPC 3 and continued to increase throughout gestation (P<0.05). CORT was higher (P<0.05) during LATE compared to EARLY and MID (P<0.05), peaked during IMPC 12, and was not affected by parity. Hormone profiles were not influenced by fetal sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Steinman
- SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment, Inc., SeaWorld and Busch Gardens Reproductive Research Center, San Diego, CA 92109, USA.
| | - Todd R Robeck
- SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment, Inc., SeaWorld and Busch Gardens Reproductive Research Center, San Diego, CA 92109, USA
| | - Justine K O'Brien
- SeaWorld Parks and Entertainment, Inc., SeaWorld and Busch Gardens Reproductive Research Center, San Diego, CA 92109, USA
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17
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Sperm sex-sorting and preservation for managing the sex ratio and genetic diversity of the southern white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum simum). Anim Reprod Sci 2014; 152:137-53. [PMID: 25497423 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
White rhinoceros ejaculates (n=9) collected by electroejaculation from four males were shipped (10°C, 12h) to develop procedures for the production of chilled and frozen-thawed sex-sorted spermatozoa of adequate quality for artificial insemination (AI). Of all electroejaculate fractions, 39.7% (31/78) exhibited high quality post-collection (≥70% total motility and membrane integrity) and of those, 54.8% (17/31) presented reduced in vitro quality after transport and were retrospectively determined to exhibit urine-contamination (≥21.0μg creatinine/ml). Of fractions analyzed for creatinine concentration, 69% (44/64) were classified as urine-contaminated. For high quality non-contaminated fractions, in vitro parameters (motility, velocity, membrane, acrosome and DNA integrity) of chilled non-sorted and sorted spermatozoa were well-maintained at 5°C up to 54h post-collection, whereby >70% of post-transport (non-sorted) or post-sort (sorted) values were retained. By 54h post-collection, some motility parameters were higher (P<0.05) for non-sorted spermatozoa (total motility, rapid velocity, average path velocity) whereas all remaining motion parameters as well as membrane, acrosome and DNA integrity were similar between sperm types. In comparison with a straw method, directional freezing resulted in enhanced (P<0.05) motility and velocity of non-sorted and sorted spermatozoa, with comparable overall post-thaw quality between sperm types. High purity enrichment of X-bearing (89±6%) or Y-bearing (86±3%) spermatozoa was achieved using moderate sorting rates (2540±498X-spermatozoa/s; 1800±557Y-spermatozoa/s). Collective in vitro characteristics of sorted-chilled or sorted-frozen-thawed spermatozoa derived from high quality electroejaculates indicate acceptable fertility potential for use in AI.
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18
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Sánchez-Calabuig MJ, López-Fernández C, Martínez-Nevado E, Pérez-Gutiérrez JF, de la Fuente J, Johnston SD, Blyde D, Harrison K, Gosálvez J. Validation of a Field Based Chromatin Dispersion Assay to Assess Sperm DNA Fragmentation in the Bottlenose Dolphin(Tursiops truncatus). Reprod Domest Anim 2014; 49:761-8. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M-J Sánchez-Calabuig
- Department of Animal Reproduction; Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA); Madrid Spain
| | - C López-Fernández
- Department of Genetics; Autonomous University of Madrid; Cantoblanco Spain
| | | | - JF Pérez-Gutiérrez
- School of Veterinary Medicine; Universidad Complutense de Madrid; Madrid Spain
| | - J de la Fuente
- Department of Animal Reproduction; Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA); Madrid Spain
| | - SD Johnston
- School of Agriculture and Food Science; University of Queensland; Gatton Qld Australia
| | - D Blyde
- School of Agriculture and Food Science; University of Queensland; Gatton Qld Australia
- Seaworld; Gold Coast Qld Australia
| | - K Harrison
- Queensland Fertility Group; Brisbane Qld Australia
| | - J Gosálvez
- Department of Genetics; Autonomous University of Madrid; Cantoblanco Spain
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