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Abstract
The interpretation of biopsy specimens in the diagnosis of thymoma is a subject that is generally not addressed in the literature. Even though the diagnosis of thymoma may seem to be an easy step in the assessment of these tumors, in reality, it is the biopsy specimen interpretation that will be use to determine course of action in any particular patient. It may determine whether a patient is a surgical candidate or on the contrary whether a patient may be benefited the most by medical therapy. In addition, there may be conditions in which all that is required is surgical resection without any further treatment, and that the evaluation of those conditions does not necessarily required the careful pathologic staging that thymomas need. In addition, it is important to highlight that in small biopsies, there are limitations not only in terms of the cellularity and other features that may not be present in such biopsy but also the limitation in term of immunohistochemical interpretation. Herein we have attempted to highlight numerous tumoral conditions that are frequently encountered in the daily practice of mediastinal pathology, some of them pose significant problems in separating them from thymomas. Needles to say, the entire spectrum of mediastinal pathology that may at any given time mimic thymoma is well beyond the scope of this review. Furthermore, we also herein emphasize the need for proper clinical and radiologic information and correlation in order to lead to a better interpretation of the biopsy specimen. The emphasis in this review is on thymoma and their possible pitfall and shortcomings while evaluating small biopsy specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Oramas
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas, M D Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Kalhor N, Moran CA. Thymic epithelial neoplasms with sebaceous differentiation: a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of 8 cases. Hum Pathol 2019; 86:124-128. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Wu YL, Wu F, Xu CP, Chen GL, Zhang Y, Chen W, Yan XC, Duan GJ. Mediastinal follicular dendritic cell sarcoma: a rare, potentially under-recognized, and often misdiagnosed disease. Diagn Pathol 2019; 14:5. [PMID: 30646936 PMCID: PMC6334468 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-019-0779-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mediastinal follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS) is extremely rare. Due to potential under-recognization of this disease, it happens to be misdiagnosed, especially on core needle biopsy. We report 3 cases of mediastinal FDCS and provide a literature review to improve better understanding of the tumor and to reduce misdiagnosis. Methods Three cases of mediastinal FDCS in our clinic practice were studied, including their core needle biopsy and resected specimens, and those cases reported previously in English literature were retrieved and analyzed. Results The core needle biopsy of case 1 showed a tumor reminiscent of classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma (CHL), while the resected mass was finally diagnosed with FDCS combined with hyaline-vascular Castleman’s disease. Both the biopsy and resected tissue of case 2 were constitutive of the clear epithelioid cells with marked atypia. In both cases, definitive diagnoses were not made on core needle biopsy. In case 3, there were some areas morphologically similar to CHL, and some areas contained ovoid to spindle-shaped tumor cells with fascicular pattern. The analysis of 43 cases of mediastinal FDCS showed the age of patients were from 16 to 76 years old, the male to female ratio was 1.5:1, the maximal tumor diameters were 3–17 cm. 18 cases were underwent preoperative biopsy, whereas 15 (83.3%) of which were misdiagnosed initially, often as lymphoma. 32 patients had available follow-up data, the rates of recurrence, metastasis, and mortality were 12.5, 18.8 and 28.1%, respectively. Current limited data suggested no statistical differences between adverse prognosis and gender, age, tumor size, necrosis, or different therapeutics, respectively. Conclusions Mediastinal FDCS is a rare malignancy that has yet not been fully understood and been often misdiagnosed, particularly when making a diagnosis on core needle biopsy. Increased awareness of this enigmatic tumor is crucial to avoid diagnostic pitfalls.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Li Wu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Cheng-Ping Xu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Guo-Lei Chen
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xiao-Chu Yan
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Guang-Jie Duan
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
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Berger GK, Gee K, Votruba C, McBride A, Anwer F. Potential application and prevalence of the CD30 (Ki-1) antigen among solid tumors: A focus review of the literature. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2017; 113:8-17. [PMID: 28427526 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2017.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD30 (Ki-1) is a cell membrane protein derived from the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor family. The CD30 antigen has been associated primarily with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and systemic anaplastic large cell lymphoma (sALCL). Brentuximab vedotin (BV) is an antibody-drug conjugate targeting the CD30 antigen. FDA approval for BV includes relapsed and refractory HL and sALCL. The CD30 antigen also has been identified in many solid tumors, predominantly of germ cell origins and early clinical data is promising. OBJECTIVE Perform a focus literature review evaluating the prevalence of the CD30 antigen among nonlymphomatous tumors with a potential correlate for CD30 targeted therapy. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Inclusion criteria: all retrospective reviews and case reports citing CD30 positivity or negativity in non-lymphomatous malignancies in which data were presented based on location. EXCLUSION CRITERIA studies with hematopoetic malignancies, cutaneous malignancies, non-human populations, and non-english publications. INCLUDED STUDIES A total of 119 articles met these criteria and are summarized in this manuscript. CONCLUSION The CD30 antigen has shown variable prevalence among non-hematopoetic tumors, most notably among germ cell tumors and mesothelioma. With additional, preclinical and properly powered clinical studies, CD30 targeted therapy such as that of BV, alone or in combination with other agents may prove to be a strong candidate in the treatment of various CD30+ malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett K Berger
- College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States; Hematology, Oncology, Blood & Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States.
| | - Kevin Gee
- College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - Cassandra Votruba
- College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - Ali McBride
- College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States; Hematology, Oncology, Blood & Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - Faiz Anwer
- Hematology, Oncology, Blood & Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
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Wang L, Xu D, Qiao Z, Shen L, Dai H, Ji Y. Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma of the spleen: A case report and review of the literature. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:2062-2064. [PMID: 27602139 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS), which originates in antigen-presenting cells of the B-cell follicles of the lymph nodes, is an uncommon disease, particularly in a splenic location. In a number of cases, FDCS may easily be confused with other solid tumors and be underdiagnosed. The present study reports a case in which such as tumor occurred in a 64-year-old woman. The patient presented with an abdominal mass, and computed tomography was performed. Histological and immunohistochemical studies revealed a diagnosis of FDCS. The patient underwent surgical treatment and had a good remission. At the time of writing, the patient was in good condition. The present study also discusses the clinical characteristics, treatment methods and prognosis of FDCS, with particular reference to the main points of the imaging diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Wang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Wujiang Hospital of Nantong University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215200, P.R. China
| | - Dongfeng Xu
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Wujiang Hospital of Nantong University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215200, P.R. China
| | - Zhenguo Qiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Wujiang Hospital of Nantong University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215200, P.R. China
| | - Li Shen
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Wujiang Hospital of Nantong University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215200, P.R. China
| | - Hongzhi Dai
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Wujiang Hospital of Nantong University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215200, P.R. China
| | - Yiding Ji
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Wujiang Hospital of Nantong University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215200, P.R. China
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Miyoshi R, Sonobe M, Miyamoto E, Date H. Completely resected follicular dendritic cell sarcoma of the posterior mediastinum: report of a case. Surg Case Rep 2016; 2:28. [PMID: 27001632 PMCID: PMC4801832 DOI: 10.1186/s40792-016-0155-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma is a rare malignant neoplasm originating from follicular dendritic cells, and most of them develop in lymph nodes of the head and neck. One third of follicular dendritic cell sarcomas occur in the extranodal sites such as the tonsils, mesentery, and retroperitoneal organs, but those of mediastinal origin are rare. Here, we present the case of a 16-year-old female with a large follicular dendritic cell sarcoma of posterior mediastinal origin. The tumor was found by a chest X-ray mass examination at her high school, and she had no subjective symptoms or significant past medical history. The tumor was diagnosed as a follicular dendritic cell sarcoma by computed tomography-guided needle biopsy. Although the tumor compressed the mediastinal organs and showed moderate uptake in 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography imaging, it was completely resected through posterolateral incision. Histological examination revealed that spindle-shaped tumor cells formed fascicular or storiform pattern with cellular pleomorphism. By immunohistochemical examination, the tumor cells were found to be positive for CD21 and follicular dendritic cell antigen. Two years after surgery, the patient remains alive with no signs of tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Miyoshi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, Shogoin-Kawara-cho 54, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Makoto Sonobe
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, Shogoin-Kawara-cho 54, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Ei Miyamoto
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, Shogoin-Kawara-cho 54, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Date
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kyoto University Hospital, Shogoin-Kawara-cho 54, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
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Ma Y, Sun J, Yang C, Yuan D, Liu J. Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma: two rare cases and a brief review of the literature. Onco Targets Ther 2015; 8:1823-30. [PMID: 26244020 PMCID: PMC4521670 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s86502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS) is a rare malignant tumor recognized in recent years. It accounts for only 0.4% of soft-tissue sarcomas, and its underlying causes are largely unknown. A correct diagnosis can be difficult to make. Diagnosis of FDCS depends on the combined clinical examination, histopathologic features, electron microscopic examination and confirmation with immunohistochemical studies. Here, we report two rare cases of FDCS: one case involving multiple bones, and the other involving extensive abdominal and pelvic cavities. Clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical aspects, therapeutic options, and a related literature review of the two cases are discussed. As the prevalence of FDCS is increasing, the details of these rare cases may highlight the importance and facilitate treatment of similar diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ma
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital & Institute, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jujie Sun
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Cancer Hospital & Institute, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Cuicui Yang
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital & Institute, School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dandan Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital & Institute, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital & Institute, Jinan, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
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Sahu KK, Prakash G, Rao S, Bal A, Malhotra P, Ahluwalia J, Vashistha RK. A rare case of follicular dendritic cell sarcoma with pseudochylous effusion and review of literature from India. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2015; 31:307-10. [PMID: 25825580 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-014-0468-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Kant Sahu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Hematology Division, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Gaurav Prakash
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Hematology Division, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Sandeep Rao
- Department of Hematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Amanjit Bal
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Pankaj Malhotra
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Hematology Division, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Jasmina Ahluwalia
- Department of Hematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India
| | - Rakesh K Vashistha
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, 160012 India
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Chow SCY, Yeung ECL, Ng CSH, Wong RHL, Fai To K, Wan IYP. Mediastinal follicular dendritic cell sarcoma with paraneoplastic pemphigus. Asian Cardiovasc Thorac Ann 2014; 23:732-4. [PMID: 25406405 DOI: 10.1177/0218492314561501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma is a rare neoplasm of immune accessory cells. It occurs primarily in lymph nodes. Occurrences in the mediastinum are rarely reported. Diagnosis and management of follicular dendritic cell sarcoma remain unclear, and it is an under-recognized clinical entity. Only a few cases of paraneoplastic pemphigus as the first presentation of follicular dendritic cell sarcoma have been reported. We report an unusual case of follicular dendritic cell sarcoma of the anterior mediastinum, presenting as paraneoplastic pemphigus in a 62-year-old man. Typical histological features confirmed the diagnosis of follicular dendritic cell sarcoma, and surgical resection was successfully performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon C Y Chow
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Eugene C L Yeung
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Calvin S H Ng
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Randolph H L Wong
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ka Fai To
- Department of Anatomical & Cellular Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Innes Y P Wan
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Wang RF, Han W, Qi L, Shan LH, Wang ZC, Wang LF. Extranodal follicular dendritic cell sarcoma: A clinicopathological report of four cases and a literature review. Oncol Lett 2014; 9:391-398. [PMID: 25435998 PMCID: PMC4247019 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to characterize the clinicopathological features of follicular dendritic cell sarcoma (FDCS), and to report the experience of the Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine (Shanghai, China) with this entity. The clinicopathological findings of four cases that had recently been encountered and 142 previously reported cases in the English literature were evaluated. The current tumors were found in two male and two female patients, aged 49–76 years old, who exhibited a mean tumor size of 8.7 cm. Three of the four cases were misdiagnosed during the initial diagnosis and one experienced intra-abdominal recurrence six months after the first diagnosis. Assessment of all 142 cases in the literature revealed a mild female predominance. The tumors exhibited a mean tumor size of ~7.0 cm. Histologically, the tumors were composed of plump spindle- or oval-shaped cells that exhibited eosinophilic cytoplasm and were arranged in sheets, storiform patterns or whorls. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells expressed at least one of the FDC markers. Among the 130 cases with follow-up data, the overall recurrence, metastasis and mortality rates were 49.2% (64 cases), 21.5% (28 cases), and 13.8% (18 cases), respectively. FDCS can appear deceptively similar to other soft-tissue tumors, even poorly-differentiated carcinomas. A correct diagnosis requires a high degree of suspicion and immunohistochemical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Fen Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
| | - Lei Qi
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
| | - Li-Hui Shan
- Department of Pathology, The First Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
| | - Zheng-Cai Wang
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
| | - Li-Feng Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
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13
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Saygin C, Uzunaslan D, Ozguroglu M, Senocak M, Tuzuner N. Dendritic cell sarcoma: a pooled analysis including 462 cases with presentation of our case series. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2013; 88:253-71. [PMID: 23755890 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2013.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell tumors are extremely rare and current knowledge on these tumors is limited. The characteristics of three dendritic cell sarcoma subtypes and their optimal treatment approaches are not fully clarified. We aimed to make a systematic review of the literature and enrich the current data with five new cases. Pooled analysis of 462 reported cases revealed that the tumor had no age, gender or racial predilection. Our analysis suggests that the young age, advanced stage, intraabdominal involvement and unfavorable histological features (i.e. large tumor size, absence of lymphoplasmacytic infiltration, coagulative necrosis, high mitotic count) may predict poor prognosis. Subtypes of this tumor have different clinical behaviors with interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma being the most aggressive form. In general, surgery is the most effective treatment modality and adjuvant radiotherapy has no significant effect on overall survival of patients. The role of chemotherapy for the management of advanced disease is controversial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caner Saygin
- Istanbul University Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Kim SH, Choe JY, Jeon Y, Huh J, Jung HR, Choi YD, Kim HJ, Cha HJ, Park WS, Kim JE. Frequent expression of follicular dendritic cell markers in Hodgkin lymphoma and anaplastic large cell lymphoma. J Clin Pathol 2013; 66:589-96. [PMID: 23454725 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2012-201425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Although the tumour cells of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) are derived from mature B-cells, the lineage infidelity of Hodgkin/Reed-Sternberg cells (HRSs) often causes diagnostic problems. Recently introduced HRS markers are also positive for follicular dendritic cells (FDCs). We investigated the expression of several FDC markers in HL and anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) and evaluated their diagnostic efficacy. METHODS Eighty-five cases of HL and 52 cases of ALCL were included in this study. Immunohistochemistry was performed for glioma-associated homologue (GLI) 3, class III β-tubulin (TUBB3), fascin, clusterin, γ-synuclein, podoplanin, syntenin, CD21, CD35 and EGFR. RESULTS HRSs were diffusely positive for GLI3, fascin and TUBB3; the mean positivity rates per case were 94% for GLI3, 82% for fascin, 69% for TUBB3, 17% for clusterin, 17% for γ-synuclein and 14% for syntenin. Podoplanin, CD21, CD35 and EGFR were almost negative. However, the frequency of marker expression was not associated with the histologic subtype or the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). ALCL showed a similar pattern to HL, but the overall frequency of positivity was lower than that observed in HL. The mean positivity rates were 56% for GLI3, 62% for fascin, 58% for TUBB3 and 21% for clusterin. The other markers were nearly negative. Anaplastic large cell lymphoma kinase positivity did not affect the expression rates. CONCLUSIONS This study confirmed the frequent expression of FDC markers in HL and ALCL. Especially, GLI3, fascin and TUBB3 are the most sensitive markers. Further studies are required to evaluate the association between FDCs, HRSs and ALCL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Hee Kim
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
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De Leon Caces DB, Daniel S, Paredes-Tejada JM, Smith S. Spontaneous Regression of Follicular Dendritic Cell Sarcoma. J Clin Oncol 2012; 30:e24-6. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.38.4164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sonali Smith
- University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL
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Valero Liñán AS, Honguero Martínez AF, Rombolá CA, Jiménez López J, León Atance P. Un tumor de mediastino anterior poco frecuente: sarcoma de células dendríticas foliculares en el seno de la enfermedad de Castleman. Cir Esp 2012; 90:58-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ciresp.2010.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Revised: 06/17/2010] [Accepted: 06/18/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Shinagare AB, Ramaiya NH, Jagannathan JP, Hornick JL, Swanson RS. Primary follicular dendritic cell sarcoma of liver treated with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone regimen and surgery. J Clin Oncol 2011; 29:e849-51. [PMID: 22042944 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.37.1906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Schraven SP, Plontke SK, Syha R, Fend F, Wolburg H, Adam P. Dendritic cell tumor in a salivary gland lymph node: a rare differential diagnosis of salivary gland neoplasms. Diagn Pathol 2011; 6:94. [PMID: 21961558 PMCID: PMC3216896 DOI: 10.1186/1746-1596-6-94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell tumors are extremely rare neoplasms arising from antigen-presenting cells of the immune system. We report a case of a 69-year-old man with an unremarkable medical history who presented with a 2-months history of a gradually enlarging painless, firm, mobile, 2 × 2-cm swelling at the caudal pole of the left parotid gland without systemic symptoms. Histologically, the tumor consisted of a spindle cell proliferation in an intraparotideal lymph node. Based on the histopathologic, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic findings, a dendritic cell tumor, not otherwise specified (NOS) in an intraparotideal lymph node was diagnosed. The patient underwent complete tumor resection, and is currently free of disease, 2 years after surgery. These extremely rare tumors must be distinguished from other more common tumors in the salivary glands. Awareness that dendritic cell tumors may occur in this localization, careful histologic evaluation and ancillary immunohistochemical and electron microscopical analyses should allow for recognition of this entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian P Schraven
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tübingen, Germany.
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Long-Hua Q, Qin X, Ya-Jia G, Jian W, Xiao-Yuan F. Imaging findings of follicular dendritic cell sarcoma: report of four cases. Korean J Radiol 2011; 12:122-8. [PMID: 21228948 PMCID: PMC3017876 DOI: 10.3348/kjr.2011.12.1.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 08/10/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma is a rare malignant neoplasm and little is known about its radiological features. We present here four cases of follicular dendritic cell sarcomas and we provide the image characteristics of these tumors to help radiologists recognize this entity when making a diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu Long-Hua
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated HuaShan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Road, Shanghai 200040, China
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Huang HJ, Yu YH, Zheng ZY. Clinicopathologic features of hepatic follicular dendritic cell sarcoma. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2010; 18:3520-3526. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v18.i33.3520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the clinicopathologic features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of hepatic follicular dendritic cell sarcoma.
METHODS: The clinical, pathological and immunohistochemical data for three patients with hepatic follicular dendritic cell sarcoma who were treated at our hospital were collected to analyze the clinicopathologic features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of the disease. A literature review was also performed to reveal the characteristics of the disease.
RESULTS: All the tumors showed an infiltrative growth pattern. Two tumors were located in the left lobe of the liver, and one in the right lobe. Histopathology revealed co-existence of the components of spindle cell sarcoma and inflammatory cells. Coagulation necrosis was noted in some areas. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were strongly positive for CD21, CD23, CD35, vimentin, weakly positive for CD45 and EMA, but negative for CK (Pan), CD34, CD117, Dog-1, actin, SMA, caldesmon, desmin, CD10, CD15, CD30, CD1a, ALK, CD68, CD163, HMB45 and S-100. Inflammatory cells were positive for CD20, CD79a, CD2, CD3, CD45RO and CD38. In all three cases, tumor cells were positive for EBER and EBV. A diagnosis of hepatic follicular dendritic cell sarcoma was made.
CONCLUSION: Hepatic follicular dendritic cell sarcoma is a rare tumor with a high degree of malignancy and should be differentiated from interdigitating dendritic cell sarcoma, sarcomatoid hepatocellular carcinoma, inflammatory myofibroblastoma, extra-gastrointestinal stromal tumor, and histiocytosarcoma.
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Li L, Shi YH, Guo ZJ, Qiu T, Guo L, Yang HY, Zhang X, Zhao XM, Su Q. Clinicopathological features and prognosis assessment of extranodal follicular dendritic cell sarcoma. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16:2504-19. [PMID: 20503450 PMCID: PMC2877180 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i20.2504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To establish a model for prognosis assessment of extranodal follicular dendritic cell (FDC) sarcoma.
METHODS: Nine lesions were examined by routine and molecular approaches. Clinicopathological factors from the new cases and 97 reported cases were analyzed for their prognostic values.
RESULTS: The current lesions were found in five male and four female patients, located mainly in the head and neck area and averaging 7.2 cm in size. Six patients had recurrence or metastasis and three remained free of disease. The 106 patients (male/female ratio, 1.1:1) were aged from 9 to 82 years (median, 44 years). The tumor sizes ranged from 1.5 to 21 cm (mean, 7.4 cm). Abdominal/pelvic region was affected most frequently (43%). Surgical resection was performed in 100 patients, followed by radiation and/or chemotherapy in 35 of them. Follow-up data were available in 91 cases, covering a period of 3-324 mo (mean, 27 mo; median, 19 mo). Of the informative cases, 38 (42%) had recurrence or metastasis, and 12 (13%) died of the disease. These tumors were classified histologically into low- and high-grade lesions. A size ≥ 5 cm (P = 0.003), high-grade histology (P = 0.046) and a mitotic count ≥ 5/10 HPF (P = 0.013) were associated with tumor recurrence. The lesions were defined as low-, intermediate- and high-risk tumors, and their recurrence rates were 16%, 46% and 73%, and their mortality rates 0%, 4% and 45%, respectively.
CONCLUSION: Extranodal FDC tumors behave like soft tissue sarcomas. Their clinical outcomes are variable and can be evaluated according to their sizes and grades.
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Cano JR, Cerezo F, González A, Marchal T, Salvatierra Á. Tumor de células dendríticas foliculares en mediastino anterior. Cir Esp 2009; 85:254-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ciresp.2008.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2008] [Accepted: 12/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Suzuki N, Katsusihma H, Takeuchi K, Nakamura S, Ishizawa K, Ishii S, Moriya T, DeCoteau JF, Miura I, Ichinohasama R. Cytogenetic abnormality 46,XX,add(21)(q11.2) in a patient with follicular dendritic cell sarcoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 186:54-7. [PMID: 18786443 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2008.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2008] [Revised: 05/27/2008] [Accepted: 06/05/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The case of a patient with follicular dendritic cell (FDC) sarcoma with chromosomal aberration add(21)(q11.2) is described. Cytogenetic studies showed the karyotype 46,XX,add(21)(q11.2)[3]/46,XX[17], although the encoded protein involved was not clarified. The abnormal pattern was quite simple, and different from a previous report. The clinical course of the FDC sarcoma in this case has been indolent, as for most FDC sarcoma patients. Although this patient suffered from breast carcinoma 6 years after the onset of FDC sarcoma, the carcinoma showed different histological and phenotypic profiles.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Scirrhous/genetics
- Axilla
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/genetics
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21
- Dendritic Cell Sarcoma, Follicular/genetics
- Dendritic Cell Sarcoma, Follicular/pathology
- Fatal Outcome
- Female
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Lymph Nodes/pathology
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Proteins/analysis
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/genetics
- Receptors, Complement 3d/analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Suzuki
- Tohoku University School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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