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Kalinin V, Padnya P, Stoikov I. Romanowsky staining: history, recent advances and future prospects from a chemistry perspective. Biotech Histochem 2024; 99:1-20. [PMID: 37929609 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2023.2273860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Romanowsky staining was an important methodological breakthrough in diagnostic hematology and cytopathology during the late 19th and early 20th centuries; it has facilitated for decades the work of biologists, hematologists and pathologists working with blood cells. Despite more than a century of studying Romanowsky staining, no systematic review has been published that explains the chemical processes that produce the "Romanowsky effect" or "Romanowsky-Giemsa effect" (RGE), i.e., a purple coloration arising from the interaction of an azure dye with eosin and not due merely to their simultaneous presence. Our review is an attempt to build a bridge between chemists and biomedical scientists and to summarize the available data on methylene blue (MB) demethylation as well as the related reduction and decomposition of MB to simpler compounds by both light and enzyme systems and microorganisms. To do this, we analyze modern data on the mechanisms of MB demethylation both in the presence of acids and bases and by disproportionation due to the action of light. We also offer an explanation for why the RGE occurs only when azure B, or to a lesser extent, azure A is present by applying experimental and calculated physicochemical parameters including dye-DNA binding constants and electron density distributions in the molecules of these ligands. Finally, we discuss modern techniques for obtaining new varieties of Romanowsky dyes by modifying previously known ones. We hope that our critical literature study will help scientists understand better the chemical and physicochemical processes and mechanisms of cell staining with such dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriy Kalinin
- A.M. Butlerov' Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Pavel Padnya
- A.M. Butlerov' Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Ivan Stoikov
- A.M. Butlerov' Chemistry Institute, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
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Nalezinková M, Loskot J, Myslivcová Fučíková A. The use of scanning electron microscopy and fixation methods to evaluate the interaction of blood with the surfaces of medical devices. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4622. [PMID: 38409219 PMCID: PMC10897226 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55136-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Testing the hemocompatibility of medical devices after their interaction with blood entails the need to evaluate the activation of blood elements and the degree of their coagulation and adhesion to the device surface. One possible way to achieve this is to use scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The aim was to develop a novel SEM-based method to assess the thrombogenic potential of medical devices and their adhesiveness to blood cells. As a part of this task, also find a convenient procedure of efficient and non-destructive sample fixation for SEM while reducing the use of highly toxic substances and shortening the fixation time. A polymeric surgical mesh was exposed to blood so that blood elements adhered to its surface. Such prepared samples were then chemically fixed for a subsequent SEM measurement; a number of fixation procedures were tested to find the optimal one. The fixation results were evaluated from SEM images, and the degree of blood elements' adhesion was determined from the images using ImageJ software. The best fixation was achieved with the May-Grünwald solution, which is less toxic than chemicals traditionally used. Moreover, manipulation with highly toxic osmium tetroxide can be avoided in the proposed procedure. A convenient methodology for SEM image analysis has been developed too, enabling to quantitatively evaluate the interaction of blood with the surfaces of various medical devices. Our method replaces the subjective assessment of surface coverage with a better-defined procedure, thus offering more precise and reliable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Nalezinková
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, Hradec Králové, 500 03, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Loskot
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, Hradec Králové, 500 03, Czech Republic
| | - Alena Myslivcová Fučíková
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Králové, Rokitanského 62, Hradec Králové, 500 03, Czech Republic
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3
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Bartnik M, Sławińska-Brych A, Mizerska-Kowalska M, Zdzisińska B. Evaluation of the Biological Effect of Non-UV-Activated Bergapten on Selected Human Tumor Cells and the Insight into the Molecular Mechanism of Its Action. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15555. [PMID: 37958539 PMCID: PMC10647757 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
There is some evidence that non-photoactivated psoralens may be active against breast and colon tumor cells. Therefore, we evaluated the antiproliferative, proapoptotic, and anti-migrative effect of 5-methoxypsoralen (5-MOP) isolated from Peucedanum tauricum MB fruits in human colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT-29 and SW620), osteosarcoma (Saos-2 and HOS), and multiple myeloma (RPMI8226 and U266). Dose- and cell-line-dependent effects of 5-MOP on viability and proliferation were observed, with the strongest inhibitory effect against Saos-2 and a moderate effect against the HOS, HT-29, and SW620 cells. Multiple myeloma showed low sensitivity. The high viability of human normal cell cultures (HSF and hFOB) in a wide range of 5-MOP concentrations tested (6.25-100 µM) was confirmed. Moreover, the migration of treated Saos-2, SW620, and HT-29 cell lines was impaired, as indicated via a wound healing assay. Flow cytometry analysis conducted on Saos-2 cells revealed the ability of 5-MOP to block the cell cycle in the G2 phase and trigger apoptosis, which was accompanied by a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, caspases (-9 and -3) activation, the altered expression of the Bax and Bcl-2 proteins, and decreased AKT phosphorylation. This is the first report evaluating the antiproliferative and antimigratory impact of non-UV-activated bergapten on the abovementioned (except for HT-29) tumor cells, which provides new data on the potential role of 5-MOP in inhibiting the growth of various types of therapeutic-resistant cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Bartnik
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plants Garden, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 1 Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Adrianna Sławińska-Brych
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 Street, 20-033 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Mizerska-Kowalska
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 Street, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.-K.); (B.Z.)
| | - Barbara Zdzisińska
- Department of Virology and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 Street, 20-033 Lublin, Poland; (M.M.-K.); (B.Z.)
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Gasparin AT, Araujo CIF, Cardoso MR, Schmitt P, Godoy JB, Reichert ES, Pimenta ME, Gonçalves CB, Santiago EB, Silva ILR, Gaideski BDP, Cardoso MA, Silva FD, Sommer VDR, Hartmann LF, Perazzoli CRDA, Farias JSDH, Beltrame OC, Winter N, Nicollete DRP, Lopes SNB, Predebon JV, Almeida BMMD, Rogal Júnior SR, Figueredo MVM. Hilab System Device in an Oncological Hospital: A New Clinical Approach for Point of Care CBC Test, Supported by the Internet of Things and Machine Learning. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13101695. [PMID: 37238184 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13101695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The complete blood count (CBC) is a highly requested test that is generally restricted to centralized laboratories, which are limited by high cost, being maintenance-demanding, and requiring costly equipment. The Hilab System (HS) is a small, handheld hematological platform that uses microscopy and chromatography techniques, combined with machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI), to perform a CBC test. This platform uses ML and AI techniques to add higher accuracy and reliability to the results besides allowing for faster reporting. For clinical and flagging capability evaluation of the handheld device, the study analyzed 550 blood samples of patients from a reference institution for oncological diseases. The clinical analysis encompassed the data comparison between the Hilab System and a conventional hematological analyzer (Sysmex XE-2100) for all CBC analytes. The flagging capability study compared the microscopic findings from the Hilab System and the standard blood smear evaluation method. The study also assessed the sample collection source (venous or capillary) influences. The Pearson correlation, Student t-test, Bland-Altman, and Passing-Bablok plot of analytes were calculated and are shown. Data from both methodologies were similar (p > 0.05; r ≥ 0.9 for most parameters) for all CBC analytes and flagging parameters. Venous and capillary samples did not differ statistically (p > 0.05). The study indicates that the Hilab System provides humanized blood collection associated with fast and accurate data, essential features for patient wellbeing and quick physician decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aléxia Thamara Gasparin
- Department of Research and Development, Hilab, Jose Altair Possebom, 800, Curitiba 81270-185, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Mônica Ribas Cardoso
- Department of Research and Development, Hilab, Jose Altair Possebom, 800, Curitiba 81270-185, PR, Brazil
| | - Patricia Schmitt
- Department of Research and Development, Hilab, Jose Altair Possebom, 800, Curitiba 81270-185, PR, Brazil
| | - Juliana Beker Godoy
- Department of Research and Development, Hilab, Jose Altair Possebom, 800, Curitiba 81270-185, PR, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Silva Reichert
- Department of Research and Development, Hilab, Jose Altair Possebom, 800, Curitiba 81270-185, PR, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda Pimenta
- Department of Research and Development, Hilab, Jose Altair Possebom, 800, Curitiba 81270-185, PR, Brazil
| | - Caroline Bretas Gonçalves
- Department of Research and Development, Hilab, Jose Altair Possebom, 800, Curitiba 81270-185, PR, Brazil
| | - Erika Bergamo Santiago
- Department of Research and Development, Hilab, Jose Altair Possebom, 800, Curitiba 81270-185, PR, Brazil
| | - Ivan Lucas Reis Silva
- Department of Research and Development, Hilab, Jose Altair Possebom, 800, Curitiba 81270-185, PR, Brazil
| | - Bruno de Paula Gaideski
- Department of Research and Development, Hilab, Jose Altair Possebom, 800, Curitiba 81270-185, PR, Brazil
| | - Milena Andreuzo Cardoso
- Department of Research and Development, Hilab, Jose Altair Possebom, 800, Curitiba 81270-185, PR, Brazil
| | - Fernanda D'Amico Silva
- Department of Research and Development, Hilab, Jose Altair Possebom, 800, Curitiba 81270-185, PR, Brazil
| | - Viviane da Rosa Sommer
- Department of Research and Development, Hilab, Jose Altair Possebom, 800, Curitiba 81270-185, PR, Brazil
| | - Luis Felipe Hartmann
- Department of Research and Development, Hilab, Jose Altair Possebom, 800, Curitiba 81270-185, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Nicole Winter
- Erasto Gaertner Hospital, Curitiba 81520-060, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - João Victor Predebon
- Department of Research and Development, Hilab, Jose Altair Possebom, 800, Curitiba 81270-185, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Sérgio Renato Rogal Júnior
- Department of Research and Development, Hilab, Jose Altair Possebom, 800, Curitiba 81270-185, PR, Brazil
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Shang Y, Zhang S, Cheng Y, Feng G, Dong Y, Li H, Fan S. Tetrabromobisphenol a exacerbates the overall radioactive hazard to zebrafish (Danio rerio). Environ Pollut 2023; 316:120424. [PMID: 36272602 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The major health risks of dual exposure to two hazardous factors of plastics and radioactive contamination are obscure. In the present study, we systematically evaluated the combinational toxic effects of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), one of the most influential plastic ingredients, mainly from electronic wastes, and γ-irradiation in zebrafish for the first time. TBBPA (0.25 μg/mL for embryos and larvae, 300 μg/L for adults) contamination aggravated the radiation (6 Gy for embryos and larvae, 20 Gy for adults)-induced early dysplasia and aberrant angiogenesis of embryos, further impaired the locomotor vitality of irradiated larvae, and worsened the radioactive multiorganic histologic injury, neurobehavioural disturbances and dysgenesis of zebrafish adults as well as the inter-generational neurotoxicity in offspring. TBBPA exaggerated the radiative toxic effects not only by enhancing the inflammatory and apoptotic response but also by further unbalancing the endocrine system and disrupting the underlying gene expression profiles. In conclusion, TBBPA exacerbates radiation-induced injury in zebrafish, including embryos, larvae, adults and even the next generation. Our findings provide new insights into the toxicology of TBBPA and γ-irradiation, shedding light on the severity of cocontamination of MP components and radioactive substances and thereby inspiring novel remediation and rehabilitation strategies for radiation-injured aqueous organisms and radiotherapy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Shang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 238 Baidi Road, 300192, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuqin Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 238 Baidi Road, 300192, Tianjin, China
| | - Yajia Cheng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 238 Baidi Road, 300192, Tianjin, China
| | - Guoxing Feng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 238 Baidi Road, 300192, Tianjin, China
| | - Yinping Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 238 Baidi Road, 300192, Tianjin, China
| | - Hang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 238 Baidi Road, 300192, Tianjin, China
| | - Saijun Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, 238 Baidi Road, 300192, Tianjin, China.
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Zhang R, Han X, Lei Z, Jiang C, Gul I, Hu Q, Zhai S, Liu H, Lian L, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Dong Y, Zhang CY, Lam TK, Han Y, Yu D, Zhou J, Qin P. RCMNet: A deep learning model assists CAR-T therapy for leukemia. Comput Biol Med 2022; 150:106084. [PMID: 36155267 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.106084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Acute leukemia is a type of blood cancer with a high mortality rate. Current therapeutic methods include bone marrow transplantation, supportive therapy, and chemotherapy. Although a satisfactory remission of the disease can be achieved, the risk of recurrence is still high. Therefore, novel treatments are demanding. Chimeric antigen receptor-T (CAR-T) therapy has emerged as a promising approach to treating and curing acute leukemia. To harness the therapeutic potential of CAR-T cell therapy for blood diseases, reliable cell morphological identification is crucial. Nevertheless, the identification of CAR-T cells is a big challenge posed by their phenotypic similarity with other blood cells. To address this substantial clinical challenge, herein we first construct a CAR-T dataset with 500 original microscopy images after staining. Following that, we create a novel integrated model called RCMNet (ResNet18 with Convolutional Block Attention Module and Multi-Head Self-Attention) that combines the convolutional neural network (CNN) and Transformer. The model shows 99.63% top-1 accuracy on the public dataset. Compared with previous reports, our model obtains satisfactory results for image classification. Although testing on the CAR-T cell dataset, a decent performance is observed, which is attributed to the limited size of the dataset. Transfer learning is adapted for RCMNet and a maximum of 83.36% accuracy is achieved, which is higher than that of other state-of-the-art models. This study evaluates the effectiveness of RCMNet on a big public dataset and translates it to a clinical dataset for diagnostic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruitao Zhang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; Precision Medicine and Public Health, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Xueying Han
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Zhengyang Lei
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; Precision Medicine and Public Health, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Chenyao Jiang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; Precision Medicine and Public Health, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Ijaz Gul
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; Precision Medicine and Public Health, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Qiuyue Hu
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; Precision Medicine and Public Health, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Shiyao Zhai
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; Precision Medicine and Public Health, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Animal and Plant Inspection and Quarantine Technical Centre, Shenzhen Customs District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518045, China
| | - Lijin Lian
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; Precision Medicine and Public Health, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Animal and Plant Inspection and Quarantine Technical Centre, Shenzhen Customs District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518045, China
| | - Yongbing Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yuhan Dong
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; Precision Medicine and Public Health, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Can Yang Zhang
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; Precision Medicine and Public Health, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Tsz Kwan Lam
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; Precision Medicine and Public Health, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yuxing Han
- Precision Medicine and Public Health, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Dongmei Yu
- School of Mechanical, Electrical & Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, China
| | - Peiwu Qin
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China; Precision Medicine and Public Health, Tsinghua-Berkeley Shenzhen Institute, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
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Poilvache H, Van Bambeke F, Cornu O. Development of an innovative in vivo model of PJI treated with DAIR. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:984814. [PMID: 36314026 PMCID: PMC9606572 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.984814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prosthetic Joint Infection (PJI) are catastrophic complications of joint replacement. Debridement, implant retention, and antibiotic therapy (DAIR) is the usual strategy in acute infections but fails in 45% of MRSA infections. We describe the development of a model of infected arthroplasty in rabbits, treated with debridement and a course of vancomycin with clinically relevant dosage. Materials and methods A total of 15 rabbits were assigned to three groups: vancomycin pharmacokinetics (A), infection (B), and DAIR (C). All groups received a tibial arthroplasty using a Ti-6Al-4V implant. Groups B and C were infected per-operatively with a 5.5 log10 MRSA inoculum. After 1 week, groups C infected knees were surgically debrided. Groups A and C received 1 week of vancomycin. Pharmacokinetic profiles were obtained in group A following 1st and 5th injections. Animals were euthanized 2 weeks after the arthroplasty. Implants and tissue samples were processed for bacterial counts and histology. Results Average vancomycin AUC0–12 h were 213.0 mg*h/L (1st injection) and 207.8 mg*h/L (5th injection), reaching clinical targets. All inoculated animals were infected. CFUs were reproducible in groups B. A sharp decrease in CFU was observed in groups C. Serum markers and leukocytes counts increased significantly in infected groups. Conclusion We developed a reproducible rabbit model of PJI treated with DAIR, using vancomycin at clinically relevant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Poilvache
- Neuro Musculo-Skeletal Laboratory, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium,Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium,Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology Department, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium,*Correspondence: Hervé Poilvache,
| | - Françoise Van Bambeke
- Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Cornu
- Neuro Musculo-Skeletal Laboratory, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium,Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology Department, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
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Aivalioti MM, Bartholdy BA, Pradhan K, Bhagat TD, Zintiridou A, Jeong JJ, Thiruthuvanathan VJ, Pujato M, Paranjpe A, Zhang C, Levine RL, Viny AD, Wickrema A, Verma A, Will B. PU.1-Dependent Enhancer Inhibition Separates Tet2-Deficient Hematopoiesis from Malignant Transformation. Blood Cancer Discov 2022; 3:444-467. [PMID: 35820129 PMCID: PMC9894728 DOI: 10.1158/2643-3230.bcd-21-0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosine hypermethylation in and around DNA-binding sites of master transcription factors, including PU.1, occurs in aging hematopoietic stem cells following acquired loss-of-function mutations of DNA methyl-cytosine dioxygenase ten-eleven translocation-2 (TET2), albeit functional relevance has been unclear. We show that Tet2-deficient mouse hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells undergo malignant transformation upon compromised gene regulation through heterozygous deletion of an upstream regulatory region (UREΔ/WT) of the PU.1 gene. Although compatible with multilineage blood formation at young age, Tet2-deficient PU.1 UREΔ/WT mice develop highly penetrant, transplantable acute myeloid leukemia (AML) during aging. Leukemic stem and progenitor cells show hypermethylation at putative PU.1-binding sites, fail to activate myeloid enhancers, and are hallmarked by a signature of genes with impaired expression shared with human AML. Our study demonstrates that Tet2 and PU.1 jointly suppress leukemogenesis and uncovers a methylation-sensitive PU.1-dependent gene network as a unifying molecular vulnerability associated with AML. SIGNIFICANCE We identify moderately impaired PU.1 mRNA expression as a biological modality predisposing Tet2-deficient hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells to malignant transformation. Our study furthermore uncovers a methylation-sensitive PU.1 gene network as a common feature of myeloid leukemia potentially allowing for the identification of patients at risk for malignant transformation. See related commentary by Schleicher and Pietras, p. 378. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 369.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Aivalioti
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
- Graduate Programs in the Biomedical Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Boris A Bartholdy
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Kith Pradhan
- Department of Medicine (Oncology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Tushar D Bhagat
- Department of Medicine (Oncology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Aliona Zintiridou
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Jong Jin Jeong
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Victor J Thiruthuvanathan
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Mario Pujato
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Aditi Paranjpe
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Ross L Levine
- Center for Hematologic Malignancies, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Aaron D Viny
- Department of Genetics and Development, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Amittha Wickrema
- Section of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Amit Verma
- Department of Medicine (Oncology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
- Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
| | - Britta Will
- Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
- Department of Medicine (Oncology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine/Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York
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Yang Z, Benhabiles H, Hammoudi K, Windal F, He R, Collard D. A generalized deep learning-based framework for assistance to the human malaria diagnosis from microscopic images. Neural Comput Appl 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00521-021-06604-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sgroi G, Iatta R, Paolo Lia R, Latrofa MS, Samarelli R, Camarda A, Otranto D. Trypanosoma ( Megatrypanum) pestanai in Eurasian badgers ( Meles meles) and Ixodidae ticks, Italy. Parasitology 2021; 148:1516-1521. [PMID: 34218830 PMCID: PMC11010210 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182021001190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosomes are haemoflagellate protozoa transmitted by blood-feeding arthropods causing infections in a wide range of mammals, including humans. Adult badgers (Meles meles, n = 2), displaying severe paralysis, ataxia and severe ectoparasite infestation, were rescued from a peri-urban area of Bari (southern Italy). Blood samples and ectoparasites were screened for Trypanosoma spp. by the combined PCR/sequencing approach, targeting a fragment of 18S rRNA gene. Smears of haemolymph, guts and salivary glands of the alive ticks were microscopically observed. No haematological alterations, except thrombocytopenia, were found. Trypomastigotes and epimastigotes were observed in the blood smears of both badgers and Trypanosoma pestanai was molecularly identified. Out of 33 ticks (i.e. n = 31 Ixodes canisuga, n = 2 Ixodes ricinus) and two fleas (Ctenocephalides felis), 11 specimens (n = 5 I. canisuga engorged nymphs, n = 4 engorged females and n = 2 I. ricinus engorged females) tested positive only for T. pestanai DNA. All smears from ticks were negative. The present study firstly revealed T. pestanai in Ixodidae and badgers from Italy, demonstrating the occurrence of the protozoan on the peninsula. Further studies are needed to clarify the occurrence of the only known vector of this parasite, Paraceras melis flea, as well as other putative arthropods involved in the transmission of T. pestanai.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Sgroi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010Valenzano, Italy
| | - Roberta Iatta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010Valenzano, Italy
| | - Riccardo Paolo Lia
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010Valenzano, Italy
| | | | - Rossella Samarelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010Valenzano, Italy
| | - Antonio Camarda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010Valenzano, Italy
- Osservatorio Faunistico Regionale della Puglia, 70020Bitetto, Italy
| | - Domenico Otranto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, 70010Valenzano, Italy
- Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
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Bkiri D, Semmate N, Boumart Z, Safini N, Fakri FZ, Bamouh Z, Tadlaoui KO, Fellahi S, Tligui N, Fihri OF, El Harrak M. Biological and molecular characterization of a sheep pathogen isolate of Mannheimia haemolytica and leukotoxin production kinetics. Vet World 2021; 14:2031-2040. [PMID: 34566318 PMCID: PMC8448628 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.2031-2040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Mannheimia haemolytica (Mha) is a common agent of pneumonia in ruminants globally, causing economic losses by morbidity, mortality, and treatment costs. Infection by Mha is often associated with or promoted by respiratory viral pathogens and environmental conditions. Infections due to Mha have rarely been described in small ruminants. This study reports the biological and molecular characteristics of a new Moroccan Mha isolate from small ruminants presenting typical respiratory symptoms. We also studied the cultural parameters, growth kinetics, and Lkt excretion of the isolate and its pathogenicity on laboratory animals and small ruminants. Materials and Methods Suspected pasteurellosis cases in sheep and goat flocks in Morocco were investigated. A local strain of Mha was isolated and identified using biochemical and molecular methods. Polymerase chain reaction-targeting specific genes were used for serotyping and phylogenetic analyses; further, leukotoxin production, cytotoxicity, and pathogenicity of the isolate in mice, goats, and sheep were investigated. Results Phylogeny analysis revealed 98.76% sequence identity with the USA isolate of 2013; the strain growth with a cycle of 9-10 h with leukotoxin secretion was detected by NETosis and quantified by cytotoxicity and mortality of mice. Goat and sheep infections cause hyperthermia, with characteristic postmortem lesions in the trachea and lung. Conclusion A local isolate of Mha from sheep that died of pneumonia was characterized for the 1st time in North Africa using biological and molecular methods. Although growth on appropriate culture media is accompanied by intense leukotoxin secretion, experimental infections of sheep and goats cause hyperthermia and typical lesions of pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dounia Bkiri
- Department of Research and Development, Multi-chemical Industry, Mohammedia, Morocco.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Contagious Diseases, Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Noha Semmate
- Department of Research and Development, Multi-chemical Industry, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Zineb Boumart
- Department of Research and Development, Multi-chemical Industry, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Najete Safini
- Department of Research and Development, Multi-chemical Industry, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Fatima Zohra Fakri
- Department of Research and Development, Multi-chemical Industry, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Zahra Bamouh
- Department of Research and Development, Multi-chemical Industry, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Khalid Omari Tadlaoui
- Department of Research and Development, Multi-chemical Industry, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Siham Fellahi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Contagious Diseases, Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Noursaid Tligui
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Contagious Diseases, Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Ouafaa Fassi Fihri
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Contagious Diseases, Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mehdi El Harrak
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Contagious Diseases, Institute of Agronomy and Veterinary Medicine Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco
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Tresserra F, Temprana J, Vasquez C, Lloveras B, Català I, Tarroch X, Combalia N, Alameda F, Bosch R, Gallardo J, Mancebo E, Fabra G, Dinares MC, Santacana M, Gonzalez C, Pérez-Ochoa F. Developing indicators for quality assurance in cytopathology. Catalan Society of Cytopathology. Diagn Cytopathol 2020; 49:273-286. [PMID: 33074593 DOI: 10.1002/dc.24639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Quality control in cytology must be established through reliable and easily measurable indicators. METHODS From the Catalan Society of Cytopathology a group of experts has been established to write a document with 13 indicators that cover the entire cytological process, based on its Cytopathology Quality Guide. It has been elaborated through guides and documents with scientific evidence and DELPHI methodology in order to reach a structured consensus on the opinions of a group of experts. RESULTS Thirteen indicators, covering all the cytologic process are expressed in worksheets specifying all their characteristics. CONCLUSION This document allows the control of all stages of the cytological process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordi Temprana
- Hospital Universitario Valle de Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carem Vasquez
- Hospital Universitario Dr. Josep Trueta, Girona, Spain
| | | | - Isabel Català
- Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Ramon Bosch
- Hospital de Tortosa Verge de la Cinta, Tarragona, Spain
| | | | - Eva Mancebo
- Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Fabra
- Hospital Universitario Dexeus, Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Kavya PR, Abraham S, Padmakumar V, Raveendran Pillai KP. Cellular composition and cytomorphological characteristics of periodontal pockets of patients with periodontitis using Leishman-Giemsa cocktail staining. Diagn Cytopathol 2020; 49:518-527. [PMID: 32986287 DOI: 10.1002/dc.24623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Premkala Raveendran Kavya
- Department of Periodontics, PMS College of Dental Science and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Seba Abraham
- Department of Periodontics, PMS College of Dental Science and Research, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Vinayak Padmakumar
- Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, PMS College of Dental Science and Research, Vattapara, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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Abstract
The expression profile and specific roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulation of atrophic bone nonunion are not fully understood. Here, we present evidence that miRNAs are involved in regulation of several osteogenic genes and may contribute to the development of atrophic bone nonunion.The miRNA expression profile of repairing tissues in atrophic bone nonunion patients (group A) and in callus tissues from patients with healed fractures (group B) were quantitatively measured. microRNA microarrays were used to identify differentially expressed miRNAs, and the bioinformatics methods were used to predict the potential target genes. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), western blot, and dual-luciferase reporter assay were performed in human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSCs) to validate the microarray results.Nine miRNAs in group A were up-regulated 1.5 times compared to group B, while the other 9 miRNAs in group A were down-regulated 1.5 times. Several target regions of these miRNAs were identified in the osteogenic genes, as well as in the other genes in their families or related regulatory factors. Four miRNAs (hsa-miR-149, hsa-miR-221, hsa-miR-628-3p, and hsa-miR-654-5p) could play important roles in regulating bone nonunion development. hBMSCs transfected with these miRNAs significantly decreased mRNA levels of alkaline phosphatase, liver/bone/kidney (ALPL), platelet derived growth factor subunit A (PDGFA), and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2). Lower protein expression levels were observed using western blotting, confirming that ALPL, PDGFA, and BMP2 were directly targeted by hsa-miR-149, hsa-miR-221, and hsa-miR-654-5p, respectively.In summary, hsa-miR-149, hsa-miR-221, and hsa-miR-654-5p may play important biological roles by repressing osteogenic target genes ALPL, PDGFA, and BMP2, and, therefore, contributing to progression of atrophic bone nonunion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqiang Wei
- Department of Orthopedics, Hainan Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Sanya
| | - Hua Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yangmu Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, Hainan Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Sanya
| | - Boxun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lihai Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Sheng Tao
- Department of Orthopedics, Hainan Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Sanya
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Hainan Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Sanya
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Acevedo A, Merino A, Alférez S, Molina Á, Boldú L, Rodellar J. A dataset of microscopic peripheral blood cell images for development of automatic recognition systems. Data Brief 2020; 30:105474. [PMID: 32346559 PMCID: PMC7182702 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2020.105474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This article makes available a dataset that was used for the development of an automatic recognition system of peripheral blood cell images using convolutional neural networks [1]. The dataset contains a total of 17,092 images of individual normal cells, which were acquired using the analyzer CellaVision DM96 in the Core Laboratory at the Hospital Clinic of Barcelona. The dataset is organized in the following eight groups: neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, immature granulocytes (promyelocytes, myelocytes, and metamyelocytes), erythroblasts and platelets or thrombocytes. The size of the images is 360 × 363 pixels, in format jpg, and they were annotated by expert clinical pathologists. The images were captured from individuals without infection, hematologic or oncologic disease and free of any pharmacologic treatment at the moment of blood collection. This high-quality labelled dataset may be used to train and test machine learning and deep learning models to recognize different types of normal peripheral blood cells. To our knowledge, this is the first publicly available set with large numbers of normal peripheral blood cells, so that it is expected to be a canonical dataset for model benchmarking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Acevedo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics. Biomedical Diagnostic Center. Clinic Hospital of Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Mathematics. Technical University of Catalonia. Barcelona East Engineering School, Spain
| | - Anna Merino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics. Biomedical Diagnostic Center. Clinic Hospital of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Alférez
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science. Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ángel Molina
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics. Biomedical Diagnostic Center. Clinic Hospital of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Boldú
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics. Biomedical Diagnostic Center. Clinic Hospital of Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Rodellar
- Department of Mathematics. Technical University of Catalonia. Barcelona East Engineering School, Spain
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16
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Molina A, Alférez S, Boldú L, Acevedo A, Rodellar J, Merino A. Sequential classification system for recognition of malaria infection using peripheral blood cell images. J Clin Pathol 2020; 73:665-670. [DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2019-206419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AimsMorphological recognition of red blood cells infected with malaria parasites is an important task in the laboratory practice. Nowadays, there is a lack of specific automated systems able to differentiate malaria with respect to other red blood cell inclusions. This study aims to develop a machine learning approach able to discriminate parasitised erythrocytes not only from normal, but also from other erythrocyte inclusions, such as Howell-Jolly and Pappenheimer bodies, basophilic stippling as well as platelets overlying red blood cells.MethodsA total of 15 660 erythrocyte images from 87 smears were segmented using histogram thresholding and watershed techniques, which allowed the extraction of 2852 colour and texture features. Dataset was split into a training and assessment sets. Training set was used to develop the whole system, in which several classification approaches were compared with obtain the most accurate recognition. Afterwards, the recognition system was evaluated with the assessment set, performing two steps: (1) classifying each individual cell image to assess the system’s recognition ability and (2) analysing whole smears to obtain a malaria infection diagnosis.ResultsThe selection of the best classification approach resulted in a final sequential system with an accuracy of 97.7% for the six groups of red blood cell inclusions. The ability of the system to detect patients infected with malaria showed a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 90%, respectively.ConclusionsThe proposed method achieves a high diagnostic performance in the recognition of red blood cell infected with malaria, along with other frequent erythrocyte inclusions.
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17
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Villalva-Pasillas D, Medina JP, Soriano-Vargas E, Martínez-Hernández DA, García-Conejo M, Galindo-Sánchez KP, Sánchez-Jasso JM, Talavera-Rojas M, Salgado-Miranda C. Haemoparasites in endemic and non-endemic passerine birds from central Mexico highlands. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2020; 11:88-92. [PMID: 31956482 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2019.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Haemosporidian parasites of birds are found worldwide and include the genera Haemoproteus, Plasmodium and Leucocytozoon. Infection with haemosporidian parasites can affect host physical condition and reproductive success. The aim of this study was to identify the blood parasites and parasitaemia in endemic and non-endemic passerine birds from central Mexico highlands. This study included 157 passerines representing 29 species from 17 families. Overall, 30.6% (48/157) of the birds were infected with blood parasites. Of those, Haemoproteus spp. were found in 14.0% (n = 22), Leucocytozoon spp. 12.1% (n = 19) and microfilariae 0.6% (n = 1). Blood parasites were found in 71.4% (5/7) of endemic bird species and 45.4% (10/22) of non-endemic species. Medium to high parasitaemia (number of parasites/number erythrocytes) was observed in birds with infections of Haemoproteus spp. and Leucocytozoon spp. Co-infections 3.8% (n = 6) were observed in two species of endemic birds. This study contributes to the knowledge of haemoparasites in endemic and non-endemic passerine birds from central Mexico highlands. Additional investigation on the molecular identification of haemosporidian parasites, pathogenicity and health status of these birds is necessary. This is the second recorded study of haemoparasites of endemic passerine birds from central Mexico highlands. Of the 157 birds, 48 birds (30.6%) were infected with blood parasites. In the birds it was identified Haemoproteus spp. 14.0%, Leucocytozoon spp. 12.1% and microfilariae 0.6%. Medium to high parasitemia was observed of Haemoproteus spp. and Leucocytozoon spp. Co-infections were observed in 3.8% (6/157) of all infected birds.
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Žura Žaja I, Vince S, Poljičak Milas N, Lobpreis IRA, Špoljarić B, Shek Vugrovečki A, Milinković-Tur S, Šimpraga M, Pajurin L, Mikuš T, Vlahović K, Popović M, Špoljarić D. A New Method of Assessing Sheep Red Blood Cell Types from Their Morphology. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E1130. [PMID: 31842441 DOI: 10.3390/ani9121130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Haematological tests are an important diagnostic tool for animal diseases. However, little is known beyond the standardly used haematological methods in sheep, especially those in which the detection of sheep red blood cells (RBCs) shape changes is crucial. Our goal is to obtain sheep RBC morphometric parameters as well as RBC subpopulations based on their morphometric parameters. Morphometric parameters of RBC size and shape were determined from stained blood smears using SFORM, a computer-assisted program for automated cell morphometric measurements. Based on their morphometric parameters, three RBC subpopulations were obtained using principal component and cluster analysis: the smallest and most elongated RBCs, the biggest and most rounded ones, and RBCs of average size and shape. When the values of RBC haematological parameters were higher or above the physiological range, a significantly higher proportion of both average size and shape RBCs, as well as the biggest and most rounded RBCs, was obtained. Since they were obtained from healthy animals, these results indicated the importance of determining morphometric parameters of RBCs and the proportion of each RBC subpopulation, which could serve as a basis for future possibilities in the diagnostic interpretation of haematological disorders in sheep, especially those for which the detection of shape changes in ovine RBCs is crucial. Abstract Data concerning the morphometric parameters of sheep red blood cells (RBCs) obtained using computer-assisted image analysis have not yet been investigated, and there are no data on any analyses of ovine RBC subpopulations based on their morphometric parameters. The aims of this study are to determine the values of RBC haematological and morphometric size and shape parameters, to form groups according to the obtained values of haematological parameters; to determine the differences in RBC morphometric parameters between the formed groups, and to determine RBC subpopulations and their respective proportions in the formed groups. Thirty-six blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of clinically healthy Lika pramenka sheep, aged between 2 and 5 years. Haematological parameters including haemoglobin (HGB), haematocrit (HTC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and RBC distribution width were analysed using a haematology analyser. Haematological parameters were categorized into two groups: those with lower values or values below the physiological range (Groups 1) and groups with higher values or values above the physiological range (Groups 2). Morphometric parameters of RBCs were determined from stained blood smears using SFORM, a computer-assisted program. Significantly higher values of RBC area, outline, convex, minimal and maximal radius, as well as length and breadth were established in Groups 2 compared to Groups 1 of HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH, and MCHC, respectively. Based on the morphometric parameters of RBCs, three RBC subpopulations were obtained using principal component and cluster analysis: ES 1—the smallest and most elongated RBCs, ES 2—the biggest and most rounded RBCs, and ES 3—average size and shape RBCs. Significantly higher proportions of ES 2 and ES 3 subpopulations, as well as a significantly lower proportion of ES 1 subpopulation, were established in Groups 2 compared to Groups 1 of HGB, HTC, MCV, and MCH, respectively. It can be concluded that ovine RBC subpopulations, based on their morphometric parameters, can be obtained by using computer-assisted image analysis of RBC morphometry and multivariate statistical methods, including principal component and cluster analysis. RBC morphometry, including classification into subpopulations, could serve as a basis for future possibilities in the diagnostic interpretation of anaemic syndromes in veterinary medicine, especially in normocytic, macrocytic, and microcytic anaemias in sheep.
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Yamada A, Umeki K, Saeki Y, Hashikura Y, Nomura H, Yamamoto I, Umekita K, Takajo I, Koshimoto C, Okayama A. Detection of microbial genes in a single leukocyte by polymerase chain reaction following laser capture microdissection. J Microbiol Methods 2018; 155:42-8. [PMID: 30423364 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Although isolation and identification of bacteria in a clinical specimen constitute essential steps for the diagnosis of bacterial infection, positive results of the bacterial culture are not always attained, despite observing the bacteria by Gram staining. As bacteria phagocytosed by the leukocytes are considered as the causative agents of infectious diseases, this study aims to introduce a new approach for the collection of only bacteria phagocytosed by the neutrophils in an animal model using laser capture microdissection (LCM) followed by the DNA identification using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We inoculated representative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) into the abdominal cavities of specific pathogen-free C57BL/6 J mice. After 6 h inoculation, we collected the fluid samples from the peritoneal cavities of mice and demonstrated peritonitis by the increase of neutrophils. Then, we smeared the neutrophils on the membrane slides and collected single-cell phagocytosing bacteria by LCM. The supernatant of the cell lysate was supplied for the PCR reaction to amplify the 16S rRNA gene, and we validated the DNA sequences specific for the inoculated bacteria. In addition, PCR using specific primers for E. coli and S. aureus identified each species of bacteria. Hence, this study suggests that the combination of LCM and PCR could be a novel approach to determine bacteria in infectious diseases. Nevertheless, further investigation is warranted to test various additional bacterial taxa to demonstrate the general applicability of this method to clinical samples.
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Guy JB, Espenel S, Vallard A, Battiston-Montagne P, Wozny AS, Ardail D, Alphonse G, Rancoule C, Rodriguez-Lafrasse C, Magne N. Evaluation of the Cell Invasion and Migration Process: A Comparison of the Video Microscope-based Scratch Wound Assay and the Boyden Chamber Assay. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 29286429 DOI: 10.3791/56337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The invasion and migration abilities of tumor cells are main contributors to cancer progression and recurrence. Many studies have explored the migration and invasion abilities to understand how cancer cells disseminate, with the aim of developing new treatment strategies. Analysis of the cellular and molecular basis of these abilities has led to the characterization of cell mobility and the physicochemical properties of the cytoskeleton and cellular microenvironment. For many years, the Boyden chamber assay and the scratch wound assay have been the standard techniques to study cell invasion and migration. However, these two techniques have limitations. The Boyden chamber assay is difficult and time consuming, and the scratch wound assay has low reproducibility. Development of modern technologies, especially in microscopy, has increased the reproducibility of the scratch wound assay. Using powerful analysis systems, an "in-incubator" video microscope can be used to provide automatic and real-time analysis of cell migration and invasion. The aim of this paper is to report and compare the two assays used to study cell invasion and migration: the Boyden chamber assay and an optimized in vitro video microscope-based scratch wound assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Baptiste Guy
- UMR CNRS 5822 /IN2P3, IPNL, PRISME, Laboratoire de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Université Lyon 1; Département de Radiothérapie, Institut de Cancérologie de la Loire - Lucien Neuwirth
| | - Sophie Espenel
- UMR CNRS 5822 /IN2P3, IPNL, PRISME, Laboratoire de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Université Lyon 1; Département de Radiothérapie, Institut de Cancérologie de la Loire - Lucien Neuwirth
| | - Alexis Vallard
- UMR CNRS 5822 /IN2P3, IPNL, PRISME, Laboratoire de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Université Lyon 1; Département de Radiothérapie, Institut de Cancérologie de la Loire - Lucien Neuwirth
| | - Priscillia Battiston-Montagne
- UMR CNRS 5822 /IN2P3, IPNL, PRISME, Laboratoire de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Université Lyon 1
| | - Anne-Sophie Wozny
- UMR CNRS 5822 /IN2P3, IPNL, PRISME, Laboratoire de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Université Lyon 1; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud
| | - Dominique Ardail
- UMR CNRS 5822 /IN2P3, IPNL, PRISME, Laboratoire de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Université Lyon 1; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud
| | - Gersende Alphonse
- UMR CNRS 5822 /IN2P3, IPNL, PRISME, Laboratoire de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Université Lyon 1; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud
| | - Chloé Rancoule
- UMR CNRS 5822 /IN2P3, IPNL, PRISME, Laboratoire de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Université Lyon 1; Département de Radiothérapie, Institut de Cancérologie de la Loire - Lucien Neuwirth
| | - Claire Rodriguez-Lafrasse
- UMR CNRS 5822 /IN2P3, IPNL, PRISME, Laboratoire de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Université Lyon 1; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud
| | - Nicolas Magne
- UMR CNRS 5822 /IN2P3, IPNL, PRISME, Laboratoire de Radiobiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, Faculté de Médecine Lyon-Sud, Université Lyon 1; Département de Radiothérapie, Institut de Cancérologie de la Loire - Lucien Neuwirth;
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Kluge S, Bekeschus S, Bender C, Benkhai H, Sckell A, Below H, Stope MB, Kramer A. Investigating the Mutagenicity of a Cold Argon-Plasma Jet in an HET-MN Model. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160667. [PMID: 27584003 PMCID: PMC5008819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE So-called cold physical plasmas for biomedical applications generate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species and the latter can trigger DNA damage at high concentrations. Therefore, the mutagenic risks of a certified atmospheric pressure argon plasma jet (kINPen MED) and its predecessor model (kINPen 09) were assessed. METHODS Inner egg membranes of fertilized chicken eggs received a single treatment with either the kINPen 09 (1.5, 2.0, or 2.5 min) or the kINPen MED (3, 4, 5, or 10 min). After three days of incubation, blood smears (panoptic May-Grünwald-Giemsa stain) were performed, and 1000 erythrocytes per egg were evaluated for the presence of polychromatic and normochromic nuclear staining as well as nuclear aberrations and binucleated cells (hen's egg test for micronuclei induction, HET-MN). At the same time, the embryo mortality was documented. For each experiment, positive controls (cyclophosphamide and methotrexate) and negative controls (NaCl-solution, argon gas) were included. Additionally, the antioxidant potential of the blood plasma was assessed by ascorbic acid oxidation assay after treatment. RESULTS For both plasma sources, there was no evidence of genotoxicity, although at the longest plasma exposure time of 10 min the mortality of the embryos exceeded 40%. The antioxidant potential in the egg's blood plasma was not significantly reduced immediately (p = 0.32) or 1 h (p = 0.19) post exposure to cold plasma. CONCLUSION The longest plasma treatment time with the kINPen MED was 5-10 fold above the recommended limit for treatment of chronic wounds in clinics. We did not find mutagenic effects for any plasma treatment time using the either kINPen 09 or kINPen MED. The data provided with the current study seem to confirm the lack of a genotoxic potential suggesting that a veterinary or clinical application of these argon plasma jets does not pose mutagenic risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Kluge
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Walther-Rathenau-Str. 49a, 17485 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sander Bekeschus
- Leibniz-Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, ZIK plasmatis, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Claudia Bender
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Walther-Rathenau-Str. 49a, 17485 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hicham Benkhai
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Walther-Rathenau-Str. 49a, 17485 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Axel Sckell
- Department of Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Sauerbruchstr., 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Harald Below
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Walther-Rathenau-Str. 49a, 17485 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias B. Stope
- Department of Urology, University Medicine Greifswald, Sauerbruchstr., 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Axel Kramer
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Walther-Rathenau-Str. 49a, 17485 Greifswald, Germany
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